114—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, May 20,1978
Report tells of Md, ag research
COLLEGE PARK, Md.
“Agricultural Research: An
Investment in Maryland’s
Future” is the title of the
latest annual report from the
Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station,
headquartered at the
University of Maryland in
College Park. The report
describes the work of the
station in areas of en
vironmental quality, pest
management, new crop
development, animal
Nitrogen on
no-till corn
causes problem
UNIVERSITY PARK -
Fanners planting no-tillage
com should be aware of
potential problems in using
nitrogen fertilizer, a
research agronomist at
Penn State declared
recently.
“No-tillage com fields
given high rates of am
monium sulfate or am
monium phosphate will most
likely need to be limed or
plowed every other year to
avoid soil surfaces so acid
that herbicides won’t work,”
stated Dr. Richard H. Fox,
crop scientist dealing with
soil fertility. “The fact is,”
he affirmed, “weeds must be
controlled chemically in no
till com fields.”
And he pointed out that
significant amounts of
nitrogen can be lost as a gas
when urea-containing fer
tilizers are used. That’s
because the fertilizer is not
incorporated into the soil in
no-till com management, he
said.
In addition. Dr. Fox
recommended that am
monium-containing or
ammonium-yielding fer
tilizers should not be spread
on fields where lime has not
been worked into the soil. He
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- f '% 9
Truck Spreading Service Of
BAKER'S LIMESTONE AND ROYSTER BONANZA
FERTILIZERS, UREA, AND AMMONIUM SULFATE
OR TRACTOR SPREADERS AVAILABLE.
We handle fertilizer in bulk and bags, retail and wholesale.
- ALSO -
ARCADIAN GOLDEN URAN 30%. Poly-N 10-34-0, or
prescription liquid mix fertilizer wholesale or spread.
Plus retail Insecticides and Herbicides.
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nutrition, and poultry and
egg production.
Scientists at the station
are attacking problems
facing agriculture in the
future in a number of ways,
according to the 1977 annual
report.
As part of protecting and
improving water quality,
scientists are identifying and
assessing problems caused
by specific categories of
pollutants. The researchers
explained that lime may
cause a large fraction of the
nitrogen to be lost as am
monia gas.
“Under the above cir
cumstances, the best
nitrogen fertilization for no
tillage com is to use am
monium nitrate and plow in
lime when necessary, or to
‘knife-in’ anhydrous am
monia,” he stated.
In three years of no-till
experiments at Penn State,
Dr. Fox and associates found
that 180 pounds of nitrogen
per year as ammonium
sulfate reduced the average
pH of the surface inch of soil
to 5.1, almost two pH units
below the soil which
received no nitrogen.
At this low pH, herbicides
such as atrazine and
simazme are ineffective and
aluminum and managnese
may approach toxic levels.
Such toxicity can reduce
stands and yields. The pH of
the surface inch in some
plots treated with the high
rate of ammonium sulfate
was 4.8. Taking a normal
sample to a depth of six
inches may miss the
problems of soil surface
acidity, he cautioned.
IP
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are looking at several
agricultural practices to see
what effects they have on
sediment, soil nutrients and
pesticide problems under
differing soil and water
conditions. Further data
from the experiments will be
used to evaluate the effects
of management practices on
reduction of pollutants.
Another environmental
study under way is
establishing guidelines for
the safe use of sewage sludge
on agricultural lands.
Methods have been
developed to monitor heavy
metals in sewage sludges,
soils, and plants. This
enables researchers to
determine the influence that
soil properties and tem
perature have on the
availability of heavy metals
to plants. Once safe
guidelines for sewage sludge
use are developed, a big part
of the problem of disposing
of municipal wastes will be
resolved.
Pest management is
another new approach to an
environmental and
economic problem facing
farmers and other members
of the agricultural com
munity. It allows farmers to
increase the available food
supply in a more efficient
and economical way. The
Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station con
ducts a multi-pronged
research effort in this area,
involving plant breeding,
and use of safe chemical and
biological controls along
with the study of ecological
and cultural practices in
reducing pest numbers.
An example of new crop
development involves
research on strawberries.
Two new Maryland varieties
have been released since
1974, and scientists continue
work to improve and breed
new strains that will be
resistant to diseases and
insects.
The station also has
research programs with
field crops, vegetables, fruit,
urban horticultural
products, flowers and new
cash crops suited to
Maryland’s soil and climatic
conditions.
In livestock research, the
experiment station is
placing increased emphasis
on animal nutrition and the
nutritive value of animal
food products.
Maximum use of gram by
products, forages, high-fiber
Dy-products and nonprotein
nitrogen sources by dairy
and beef cattle and sheep are
important goals of the ex
perimental work.
The experiment station
also provides a research
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