—Uncaster Farming, Saturday, March 4,1978
16
Erysipelas can cut hog profits
Erysipelas is a disease
that will affect many species
of animals, including man.
Swine, however, are the
animals affected from an
economical standpoint.
Pinpointing erysipelas can
be a very difficult problem
as it can be a very com
plicated and unpredictable
syndrome.
Erysipelas is produced by
a bacteria called
Erysipelothm and is passed
from animal to animal.-
Inoculation or contact,
however, does not always
produce the disease. Stress
often appears to be an ad
ditional factor. Whenever
there is an infected animal
or carrier, the organism is
excreted in the feces and
urine and is highly infective
for other animals. The most
susceptible age is three
months to one year. Adults
also may suffer from a
systemic infection.
The problem in diagnosing
erysipelas is because it
exhibits more than one
clinical form. The pig can
appear suddenly ill with
increased temperature,
toxic, depressed and no
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appetite in the acute form.
The appearance of bright
red areas on the skin is often
associated with this form.
These areas then sub
sequently darken and
recede, occasionally
resulting in gangrene at the
tip of the tail, snout or ears:
In the skin form the skin
lesions become raised, often
with a pale center. There
still may be a raised tem
perature, depression, and
lack of appetite. Usually the
general condition improves
with the shin lesions
remaining for awhile.
The animal may partially
improve or recover and go
on to the chronic form. It
may appear normal on the
surface but it will not eat
well, be unthrify, and
general growth retarded.
In the chronic form the
heart valve may become the
principle site of infections
producing a malfunctioning
heart, a murmur resulting in
cyanods and respiratory
distress (difficult
breathing). Following that
there may be additional
periods of fever and relapses
leading to death.
If the pig survives the
chronic form the infection
has probably produced
changes in the joints and
muscles. The animal may
have swollen hocks, show
pain upon pressure and ap
pear quite lame.
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The erysipelas organism is
very susceptible to penicillin
which is the treatment of
choice. However if the heart
or joints or muscles have
already been affected it is
almost impossible to cure.
Tetracyclines can also be
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effective with the advantage
that they can be added to the
feed or water. Obviously sick
pigs should be isolated from
the rest of -the herd to
prevent spread of infection
as much as possible. -
As with most infectious
diseases of animals,
prevention is the- most im
portant and economical
method of control. The
purchase of clean breeding
stock is essential. There is no
means of effective testing,
but one can pretty well rely
on the herd history from
which he is purchasing
breeding stock. Vaccines are
available to be used when
necessary and fairly quickly
establish an adequate
degree of immunity.
The disease is very
variable. There may be only
one pig in a herd affected or
several pigs. The loss from
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an outbreak can be quite
substantial. Drug costs, loss
of pigs, and general- un
thriftiness of the ones that do
survive all contribute to the
losses.
The word erysipelas
means ‘red skin’ but only
describes one aspect of this
very variable disease. The
heart lesions, arthritis, and
lajneness of this infection
continue to plague swine
throughout the world. The
fact that it is carried to
survive in standing water,
manure and.,other debris,
make it a difficult disease to
control once it is established
in an area. Sanitation and all
other well established
principles of disease control
will go a long way toward
keeping the problem and the
losses to a minimum.