—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, June 25, 1977
16
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MEDICINE AND
Facts
It is at the same time easy
and difficult to define a
protein. It is easy to give a
fairly dear idea generally
what we mean. It is difficult
in being absolutely precise
about our definition.
Hie word protein is most
familiar when used in
connection with food or feed.
Protein is the body building
constituent of the diet which
is essential for growth and
life itself. It is a component
of the structures of all cells
and amounts to about 13 per
cent of the body weight It is
not a single substance but a
very large class of sub
stances. They are fun
damentally similar in many
ways.
Proteins are built from
chemical units called amino
acids. They, like car
bohydrates, contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
elements. They also contain
the element nitrogen, and
this is the most important
factor which distinguishes
them from other food sub
stances. Approximately 16
per cent of the protein
compound is composed of
nitrogen.
Protein can be a source of
energy and is figured into the
TDN (total digestible
nutrients, or TDE (total
digestible energy) along
with carbohydrates and fats.
But when protein has to
provide some of the energy it
is a very inefficient con
version. Some of its nutrient
value is lost when protein,
which is a body building and
structural substance, has to
be converted into an energy
source due to inadequate
energy supply. The im
portance of balancing
protein and energy cannot be
stressed too much. Dietary
protein should be able to be
-r , CORN HERBICIDES FAIL?
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’Qlban Use Tolban™ 4E plus Sencor™ SOW. Preplant
incorporated into the soil within 4 hours of
grrjrrr a PPl' ca^on means weather resistant herbicide
protection.
Read the label BEFORE using any pesticide.
4/
KERR-tWEE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Located at Rt. 322 & Reservoir Roads
Honey Brook, Pa. Phone (215) 273-3546
to know about protein
used directly for body
protein, for the development
and maintenance of tissues
and vital organs and for
normal fermentation in the
rumen.
A lack of dietary protein
will greatly alter the rate of
growth, maturation, and
milk production of dairy
cattle. Since protein is not
toxic, large excesses can be
fed without danger, and
while usually not
detrimental to the health of
the animal, it is a very
uneconomical practice.
Although usually not fed to
great excess, more profit is
usually lost from over
feeding than underfeeding
protein.
Rations that are deficient
in portein are poorly utilized
in respect to the other
nutrients also, and thus are
associated with unthriftiness
and poor growth. Good
nutrition has an important
role in preventing infections.
Antibodies, for example, are
primarily protein, and
dietary protein is vital for
their manufacture.
Undernourished cattle do
not exhibit many well
defined signs. The resultant
appetite usually is poor -
which may lead the owner to
conclude that an inadequate
ration is not the cause of the
problem. The demand of the
animal must be taken into
consideration also, as the
requirements are higher
during late gestation and
peak lactation.
The rumen of the cow and
other ruminants makes them
unique in the animal
kingdom regarding protein
metabolism. Rumen micro
organisms (bacteria and
protozoa) can degrade
(break down) protein and
non-protein nitrogen com-
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20% Discount Sale on all
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seed corn will continue until June 30.
Stock up for next year!!!
By CARL TROOP, VMD
pounds of the feed (urea and
biuret). Ammonia is the
major nitrogen compound
produced' and is used by the
bacteria and protozoa to
make protein for their .own
use. This protein is even
tually digested in the small
intestine. Urea is not ef
fectively used by non
ruminant animals or small
calves where the rumen is
not yet developed, but in
older cattle urea in the ration
to a limited degree is a
beneficial as high quality
true proteins. In former
years when there was a
larger price difference
between urea (non protein
nitrogen) and vegetable
protein, urea played a much
larger role in providing
nitrogen for some of the
dietary protein. Urea should
be limited and latest
recommendations indicate it
should not make up more
than <me per cent of the
concentrate.
Ruminants are unique in
that you are not feeding the
animal; you are feeding the
micro-organisms in the
rumen. They can take
nitrogen from urea or
degraded natural protein
and combine it with other
nutrients in the ration to
build their own body protein.
The urea is broken down to
ammonium, then the am-
monium is converted, along
with other ingredients,
especially carboydrates or
other energy source, to
bacterial protein which is
then digested and utilized by
the ruminant. If there is a
deficiency of carbohydrates
in the diet an excess of
ammonium accumulates in
the rumen. If absorbed in
sufficient amounts the
animal can become toxic.
Sudden changes in the
protein content or source can
cause disorders and acute
indigestion, putting cattle off
feed for extended periods of
time. Only certain
organisms are capable of
utilizing certain proteins,
and if the source or type of
protein is suddenly changed,
the cow is left with a rumen
full of organisms for which
there is now no “feed”, and
only a few organisms which
lSSking for ,Je'
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KELLER BROS. TRACTOR 0
717-949-6501 Buffalo Springs 717-949-6501
Route 419 Between Schaefferstown t Cornwall, Lebanon County
can utilize the new “feed”.
These will multiply until
they can fully handle the new
feed supply but it takes time.
All changes should be made
very gradually so as not to
upset the rumen “bugs”.
Protein requirements vary
with size and age of the
animal, stage of lactation
and gestation, and the
amount of milk being
produced. Tables and charts
are available in many
publications including the
National Academy of
Sciences book listed in the
last column. Protein
requirements are added for
growth (if still growing),
maintenance (repair and
replacement of tissues),
production, and reproduc
tion.
The best and most
economical protein is from
-your own forages, especially
good early cut, leafy legume
hay. What your forages can’t
supply must be balanced out
in the concentrate. This is
the livelihood of the feed
industry, to provide the
protein in a concentrated
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- USED -
Calls pertaining to this ad may be COLLECT
form to supple ment
home grown protein
balance the energy I,
home grown grains
silage. Consequently Drr
is often overfed as
underfed m relation
energy supply, especJ
the lower producing
the herd. e n
The importance
adequate, high qu .
protein cannot be stre
too much. It must thei
balanced with an adeq
energy supply to insure
the protein is not i
fidently used and maxii,
utilization is obtained
the protein which
available. Crude protei
the total protein in
ration. Only the diges
protein can be used b;
animal and this can
greatly in some feeds,
remember, any chai
should be made gradu
We don’t want to upset t
millioni of rumen ‘1
working so bard mi
protein which is so viti
the animal and to you.
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