IM—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 16, 1977
Soybean
problems
SALISBURY, Md. - - Three
different sets of problems
must be considered when
raising soybeans, sayd Dr.
W.O. Scott, Extension
agronomist at the University
of Illinois, and they are
directly linked to the three
growth periods of a soybean:
“plant to emergence”
“emergence to bloom ” and
“bloom to maturity.”
Speaking at the Delmarva
soybean meeting held here'
earlier this year, Scott
brought the expertise of the
nation’s largest soybean
producer - Illinois - to the
“largest gathering of
soybean gorwers in the
country.”
There are two types of
soybeans - - determinate and
indeterminate - -but the
problems are roughly the
same for both of them. The
determinate soybean does
not bloom until it reaches full
height, whereas the in
determinate soybean blooms
and keeps right on growing.
Scott warns farmers to
“know something about the
vigor of the seed before you
plant it.” He says that during
this first stage of growth - -
“plant to emergence” - - the
fanners should check out the
root system as well as the top
of the plant, if problems
should arise. Difficulities at
this time would probably be
associated with a too-deep
planting or the bean
breaking its neck emerging
from the soil crust.
“Even if you have a poor
stand of soybeans, don’t tear
them up unless the showing
is 25 to 50 per cent below
optimum,” states Scott.
“The soybean’s ability to
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growing
discussed
recover is good. If it’s still
early in the season, you
won’t lose much and
probably will not have to
replant.
White grubs and other
pests begin attacking the
plant during the “emergence
to bloom” stage. And there is
the added threat of flooding
during the late spring-early
summer rains. But there is
little danger of herbicide
injury as only pre
emergence herbicides have
been used thus far and the
root system grow laterally
from the treated soil very
quickly at this point.
“Low yields during this
stage are generlly due to
cultivation beiqg too deep or
too late, ” says Scott. “By
mid-July, the beans should
cover the inter-row
spacing.”
The major factor during
the “bloom to maturity”
stage is day length. Once the
plant has bloomed, however,
the effects of hail injury are
much more critical. At this
time, the soybeans are
subject to leaf damage
caused by cabbage loopers
and green clover worms.
Other hard-to-control pests
are the soybean root knot
nematode, bacterial postule
(leaf mildew and downy
mildew), charcoal rot, stem
canker and bud blight.
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Home -687-6668
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