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r storms come in several forms
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immensely powerful. Winter storms are no exceptions.
Cold seasons are brought about as a result of the Earth no
longer tilting toward the sun at the same pronounced angle as
was true during the warm months. With therays of the sun no
longer hitting the northern hemisphere as directly as before,
Earth’s weather in this region begins to cool until the degree
of tilt reverses itself and becomes more pronounced again. At
the same time, days become longer and nights shorter.
Simple enough to explain mechanically, this regular
seasonal occurrence is a key to why life is the way it is in non
tropical regions. Sure enough, our entire agricultural system
hinges on the perennial spinning and tilting of our planet. It
happens from year to year as regular as clock work.
There are times during the lives of every farmer when he
wishes he could do without winter, I’m sure. Like when water
pipes have frozen up; or a tractor and load are hopelessly
stuck in snow and ice; or when the bulk tank is overflowing
due to the milk truck not being able to get in and cattle are
bawling for lack of feed and water; or the manure spreader
froze up tight.
Changing the degree of tilt of the Earth would be im
possible to do, however.
Winter’s storms are spawned by the same forces which
give birth to storms during the warmer seasons. Essentially,
they’re the result of constant interaction between warm and
cold air masses. The variations in temperature and pressure
make the atmosphere “boil” regardless of what time of year
it is. Tremendous amounts of energy are released or con
sumed, the results of which we see in wind, hail, snow, rain,
sleet, and bitter cold temperatures.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -
National Weather Service provides the following details on a
variety of storm forms. They also point out to farmers that
autopsies of cattle killed by winter storms have shown the
cause of death to be dehydration, not cold or suffocation.
Cattle cannot lick enough snow to satisfy their thirst, NOAA
scientists emphasize, and stockmen are therefore advised to
be extra careful in providing their animals with adequate
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday, Jan. 1.1977—13
supplies of feed and water during prolonged exposure to
winter storm conditions. Blizzards take a terrible toll in
livestock, NOAA research indicates. “For both humane and
economic reasons, cattlemen should take necessary
precautions in advance of severe winter storms.
NOAA scientists describe winter storms in these words,
which are taken directly from an agency brochure.
FREEZING RAIN OR FREEZING DRIZZLE
Freezing rain or freezing drizzle is rain or drizzle oc
curring when surface temperatures are below freezing (32
degrees Fahrenheit). The moisture falls in liquid form but
freezes upon impact, resulting in a coating of ice glaze on all
exposed objects. The occurrence of freezing rain or drizzle is
often called an Ice storm when a substantial glaze layer
accumulates. Ice forming on exposed objects generally
ranges from a thin glaze to coatings about an inch thick; but
much thicker deposits have been observed. For example, ice
deposits to eight inches in diameter were reported on wires in
northern Idaho in January 1961, and loadings of 11 pounds per
foot of telephone were found in Michigan in February 1922. It
has been estimated that an evergreen tree 50 feet high with
an average width of 20 feet may be coated with as much as
five tons of ice during a severe ice storm. A heavy ac
cumulation of ice, especially when accompanied by high
winds, devastates trees and transmission lines. Sidewalks,
streets, and highways become extremely hazardous to
pedestrians and motorists—over 85 per cent of ice-storm
deaths are traffic related. Freezing rain and drizzle
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