Lancaster farming. (Lancaster, Pa., etc.) 1955-current, July 12, 1975, Image 65
9 Agricultural progress Professional workera engaged in publicly financed agricultural research total about 18,500 man-years. Private network. Data arc not available on private agricultural research but it is believed to be roughly equivalent to that conducted by public agenciea. Reaearch ataffa are main tained by practically ail large manufactures of feed, seed, fertilizer, pesticides, and farm machinery, and by firms engaged in tran sportation, processing, packaging, and mer chandising of agricultural products. Most of the technical and scientific people invloved with this research and ex tension network were trained in the American system of publicly supported colleges and universities. None of these, of course, are exclusively agricultural schools. Only about 7 percent of the nearly 1 million students in these universities are enrolled in agricultural maiors. Birth of USDA. The first major step in the develop ment of the agricultural research and education network was the establish ment of the United States Department of Agriculture in 1862. At first the name was more impressive than the fact. The new Department con sisted of a Commissioner, a superintendent of gardens, a chemist, entomologist, statistician, and several clerks. Its offices were in the basement of the Patent Office Building. The first experimental garden was several acres on what is now the Mall in downtown Washington, D.C. The year that the Congress established USDA, it also STONE RICH CX RED & WHITE HOLSTEIN DISPERSAL At New Holland Sales Barn, located off Rl 23,12 miles East of Lancaster, Pa 110 HEAD OF RED & WHITE HOLSTEINS with records up to 20,000 lbs. milk Selling are 60 Registered in HFAA Brattleboro, Vt 50 Registered in Red & White Dairy Cattle Association 7 Sired by Romandale Royal R 4 by Romandale Dividend Performer 4 by Agro Acres Marquis Ned 10 by Romandale Jasper R ' 4 by Ivanhoe Ray 4 by Larry Moore Royal Transmitter and other popular Red & White Sires DHIA Records of some mature animals selling include - An Agro Acres Supreme Lad dtr., 4yr record, 350 dys. 19.727 M, 794 F Selling with 3 dtrs, 2 are full sisters by Royal Red, the other by Royal Transmitter - A Dividend Performer dtr , 4 yr record, 18,621 M, 754 F. Her son by Royal sells - Another Performer with 4 yr. record, 271 dys , 15,381 M, 480 F - An Acme Mariner dtr., 321 dys , 17,569 M, 550 F Her son by Royal also sells - Agro Acres Marquis Ned due July Bth, 347 dys , 21.333 M, 656 F, a real top cow - Citation Renown Lad 2 yr. record, 352 dys , 16.886 M, 580?’, her dtr sells 20 BIG BRED HEIFERS Plenty of size, quality and color, due Aug and Sept 30 OPEN HEIFERS FROM 6 MOS TO BREEDING AGE This is an outstanding group of cattle with lots of type, size and production Some - real show prospects. Should be seen to be appreciated Owners, CLARENCE STONER AND FAMILY, Jonestown Rl, 717-865-2745 Farm located off Rt 23 between Fredericksburg and Lickdale on Stoner and Lickdale Roads All cattle will be pregnancy checked. Interstate Health Charts available Trucks and motels available. Sale managed by New Holland Sales Stables, Inc Abe Diffenbach, Auct. 717-354-4341 Norman Kolb, Pedigrees, 717-397-5538 For Catalogs or more information contact owners or sales manager Be at New Holland on Friday, July 25 to see this outstanding group of Red & granted each State a patrimony from the public *lands. Proceeds from the sale of this land were to be used to establish agricultural and mechanical (A&M) colleges. Humble beginning. The land grant colleges smarted small. In most cases, a farm was purchased and a single brick building was erected to provide classroom, laboratory, office, and dormitory space. Farmers and State politicians didn’t see the value of the A St M colleges right away, though State legislatures provided funds for buildings and sometimes for maintenance. For the first 30 years, the colleges had to rely primarily on the income from Federal en dowments. Then in 1887, the Hatch Act set an annual stipend of $15,000 to support ex periment stations at the colleges. The Second Morrill Act of 1890 provided further increases to an annual ad ditional total of $25,000 per school. Federal support for the experiment stations increased further during the first part of the 20th century, reaching $90,000 per State by 1929. state support rose even more rapidly. From famine to feast. The fortunes of the colleges swelled rapidly with the rise in farm prices during the first 2 decades of the 20th century. Funds provided by State legislatures increased and enrollment soared. For the first time, there were enough students to make up classes in agricultural subjects. By 1910, the colleges were overcrowded, and some classes were held in stables. The long gestation period gave the colleges time to learn some basic lessons. They found that publicly FRIDAY NIGHT, JULY 25,1975 7:30 P.M (Continued from Pice 64| supported research must solve the problems of its constituents and that the solutions must be com* municated to tho public In usable form. They learned what the problems were. They also learned the value of systematizing all available knowledge on a subject before they broke new ground. The experiment stations and USDA also had to define and refine scientific method, acquire equipment, and develpp terminology so that research could be verified and commiunicated to other scientists. Laying the groundwork. The period from 1900 to 1930 saw two major develop ments that laid the ground work for agricultural research and education as we know it today. Training of research scientists and technologists in fields relating to agriculture, including research in the social sciences which began before World War I. Training of com municators who could in terpret and pass the knowhow from the laboratory to the working farmer. Public financing of communication was inaugurated by the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, which gave financial support for a nationwide system of adult education in agriculture and home economics. The Smith- Hughes Act of 1917 provided Federal money for vocational education. Production revolution. Many of the more elemen tary scientific production problems of agriculture were solved during'the first third of this century. More important for the long run, the research that produced the revolution in produc- tlvity after World War II was launched. It was to supply basic knowledge in genetics, human, animal and plant nutrition, and plant and animal diseases and pets. The Extension Service campaigned to eliminate the diseases and pests that caused great losses to far mers. A campaign to eradicate barberries, an intermediate host of wheat rust, was conducted during World War I - followed by successful efforts against bovine tuberculosis, Bangs disease, avain pullorum, hog cholera, and several others. “Cow colleges.” Despite their contributions, the land grant colleges, and especially the agricultural divisions, were slow to gain recognition as institutions of higher learning. Agriculture students sometimes were ridiculed as “hayseeds” who attended “cow colleges.” To some extent this reflected lower admission standards and the high porportion of students who were not after a 4-year-degree course. It also reflected the fact that - agrarian mythology to the contrary - agriculture as an occupation ranked low on the totem pole until World War 11. The hard economic times of the 1930’s bore heavily on the land grant colleges, experiment stations, and Extension Services. Whole faculties went unpaid or were issued State script of dubious value. Critics demanded a halt to research because agriculture was over-producing; there already was a store of new agricultural knowledge sufficient for the next half century, they said. Ex tension Services were branded servants of organized, affluent fanners and not entitled to public funds. Rising to the occasion. The crisis also was a time of opportunity. The land grant colleges played a leading part in developing and im plementing the agricultural programs adopted during the Depression. Many of the programs were devised by economists and sociologists on the faculties of land grant colleges and the experiment stations. Extension was the only nationwide organization capable of carrying out the New Deal programs in short fashion. At the same time, VIRGINIA'S SUMMER FEEDER CATTLE 4,500 Head for Sale PLftCE DATE TIME Harrisonburg July 22 100 p m [S T Madison Mills July 24 100 p m ES T Marshall July 24 700 p m EST Winchester July 25 730 p m ES T Angus Black Baldies Hereford Charolais Cross Weighing Mostly 600 to 1 000 pounds Heifers Eligible for Interstate Shipment Sales Include Steers and Heifers (Mostly Steers) Reggie B. Reynolds Exec Sec Va Beef Cattle Assoc P 0 Box 176 -Oaleville VA Tel 703 992 1009 (office) 703 992 2852 (home) Lancaster Farming, Saturday, July 12.1975 funds received for ad ministration of price support and production control programs saved the Ex tension Services of many States. Payments to farmers under the new programs let them pay their taxes. In turn, the States were able to resume funding of services, including the land grant colleges. New money. Agriculture received a new infusion of Federal funds through the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935. PUBLIC AUCTION TUESDAY EVEWfS.mY 22.1975 AT 6:00 P.M. SHARP! FARM MACHINERY - HOUSEHOLD FURNISHINGS Location. Two |2| miles west ol West .Chester, him west on West Union Street (Route #l42| off Route FIDO in West Chester, drive I'/: miles to Birmingham Road, left on Birmingham Road lor 'h mile to farm on right, Chester County, PA. Int. ‘7o6’ dsl. row-crop tractor, 1,400 hrs., fully equipped; Int. ‘so4’ dsl. row-crop tractor w-‘2OOT loader; Int. ‘2oo’ tractor w-fast hitch; Int. ‘2os’ self propelled combine, 10’ header used for 200 acres; 3 rubber-tired farm wagons; 200 gal. fiber glass tank 6- row boom trailer sprayer; Int. ‘234* 2-row mtd. com picker, like new; fast hitch back blade; Motts 7V fast hitch mower; Int. ‘loo’ 7’ fast hitch mower; Int. 2-row fast hitch com planter; Int. ‘4ll’ 4-b. fast hitch plow; Int. 2-row cult, for ‘2oo’ tractor; Danuser 12” auger post hole digger; Int. No. 37 11’ transport disc; Int. transport 4-section harrow; J.D. 11’ transport cultimulcher; New Idea No. 7 1-row com picker; Smoker 24’ elevator; 2 grain wagons; Int. 1-row PTO com binder w-carrier on rubber; Papec ensilage cutter; New Holland rotobar rake, 2 yrs. old; New Holland ‘4o2’ crimper; paint sprayer mtd. on trailer, 1- HP. motor; emery wheel; 250 gal. gas tank & pump; Meyers Ejecto water pump, 1%-HP. motor; 50-4-hole sawed post; cement mixer; 50-ton screw jack; 2 sets bean & pea; work bench; 2 sets tractor chains; reel power mower; sleigh bells; copper kettle; miscellaneous tools; miscellaneous household fur nishings; antique vanity; dutch cupboard and numerous articles not listed. Terms: C-A-S-H Sale Conducted by WHITFORD SALES COMPANY L. ROBERT FRAME, Auctioneer Box 98, Uwchland, P.O. Eagle, PA 19480 Phone: 215-458-5060 NO HEAD 1000 500 1500 1500 For Information Please Contact The Livestock Market OR Charles Potter, Jr. 1 lelriman Va Beef Cattle Assoc Route 3 Lexington VA It initially provided a ll mllllon increase In research funds, to be raised by annual |l-mllUon increments to $S million. Forty percent of these funds went to Federal research and 60 percent to State. Instead of being ap portioned equally among the States, as in the past, the new funds were apportioned on the basis of the total U.S. rural population. A second feature required the States Farm Sold for Development Complete Dispersal of Machinery! THREE (3) TRACTORS By the order of Howard N. McCardle “Chester County’s FOREMOST Auction Company” SALES State Graded MARKET Rockingham Livestock Madison Livestock Marshall Livestock Farmers Livestock Exchange K. C. Williamson Extension Specialist Animal Science Department Agnew Hall V P 1 & S U Blacksburg VA 26061 Tel 703 951 5252 (Continued on Page 661 TELEPHONE 703 434 6765 703 672 2811 703 364 4861 703 667-1023 65