Slum Explosion Hits
World's Urban Areas
UNITED NATIONS
(WPNS) - “All the big cities
of mankind are sliding into
chaos, the Greek city
planner, Constantine
Doxiadis, wrote a few years
ago.
According to a new United
Nations study, the cities of
the developing world are
sliding faster than the rest.
One-third of the urban
population in all developing
countries now lives in slums
and squatter settlements.
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according to the UN. Third
World slums are growing on
the average at 15 percent a
year.
The limited resources of
most governments preclude
providing finished housing
for the masses of people in
these settlements even at
minimal standards, says the
UN.
Lack of Planning
A prime cause of the slum
explosion in the developing
world, according to the UN is
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the lack of adequate urban
planning. Two-thirds of the
entire world urban
population lives in com
munities that have no
comprehensive development
planning mechanisms.
“In many countries where
plans exist,” states the UN
report, ‘‘the institutional
organizational framework is
inadequate for their im
plementation and they have
remained ineffective guides
for development.”
The UN study is part of the
1974 Report on the World
Social Situation, which was
presented to the Commission
for Social Development at its
24th session last month.
Third World cities are
growing three and four times
as fast as the over-all
population. In countries
where bad weather and
natural disasters have
decimated agricultural
production, migratidn from
the countryside to the cities
is still higher.
The human tide has
overwhelmed city govern
ments. Even in developed
countries such as the United
States, city authorities are
hard pressed to cope with
rising problems such as
crime, pollution, energy
shortages, transportation
tie-ups and decay of housing
But in the underdeveloped
countries, notes the UN
report, the traditional range
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Cities Overwhelmed
of public services, utilities
and welfare programs that
are taken for granted in the
wealthier countries are
almost totally lacking.
The UN study views the
city as the "catalyst” of the
modernization process. To a
large extent, that is true for
the developed world, where
large scale urbanization was
accompanied by in
dustrialization. But the large
cities of the developing
countries have materialized
ahead of any systematic
movement toward moder
nization.
Unemployment
Unemployment and un
deremployment is
significantly higher in the
cities of developing countries
than in cities of the in
dustrialized world. Some
developing countries report
urban unemployment rates
in excess of 50 percent.
The growth of urban slums
reflects the critical housing
shortage in the Third World.
The UN study found that the
global chousing shortage
worsened during the first UN
Development Decade. Very
few countries, says the
study, attained the target of
10 new dwelling units per
year per 1,000 inhabitants.
At present, the registered
housing deficit throughout
the world is increasing by
more than four million
dwelling units per year.
Since that figure represents
only the deficit monitored by
official government agen
cies, the actual shortage is
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much greater.
Shanty Towns Spread
The result is the spread of
slums and shanty towns in
nearly all developing
countries, from the
“buslccs" of Calcutta, to the
"callampas” or mushroom
towns of Chile.
UN officials acknowledge
that no long term solution to
urban crowding and decay is
possible without a reduction
in population growth rates.
For the short term, however,
improvement in agricultural
productivity and living
conditions in the rural areas
might help to stem the urban
tide.
In the cities themselves,
the UN report urges self-help
housing and cooperative
housing projects, as well as
strict regulation of land use
to prevent speculation.
But, as Sophocies ob
served, “Cities are people.”
As long as the number of
people keep multiplying
rapidly, urban problems will
rise apace.
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