Early Weaning Is Found
To Boost Young Cows ’
Reproduction Efficiency
Weaning fall beef calves
early • at about 2 months of
age instead of the usual G'*j
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In studies at the U.S. Meat
Animal Research Center,
Clay Center, Nebr., early
weaning increased the
percentage of cows coming
into heat in a 42-day breeding
season. Pregnancy rates, as
a result, increased 26 per
cent in 2-year-old cows, 16
percent in 3-year-olds, and 8
percent in mature cows,
when compared with
pregnancy rates of similar
cows whose calves were
weaned at the conventional
time. The Center is a unit of
USDA's Agricultural
Research Service.
Whether or not early
weaning would be an ef
ficient practice depends
upon the management and
feed production situation,
ARS physiologist Danny B.
points out. He says
early weaning may be an
effective management tool
with young or late-calving
cows in colder regions,
particularly when crop
residues or pastures would
support fall grazing by the
cows but are inadequate for
cow-calf pairs. Early
weaning might be similarly
useful in emergency drouth
situations. Other possible
applications include cow
herds managed for fall
calving or in semicon
finement.
Dr. Laster evaluated early
weanmg with 308 Hereford,
Angus, Charolais-cross, Red
Poll, and Brown Swiss cows
ranging in age from two to 11
years. The calving period
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extended from Aug. 7 to Oct.
12, and the 42-day breeding
period began 28 days after
the last cow had calved.
Eight days before the start of
the breeding period, calves
were weaned from 98 of the
cows. Calves from the
remaining 210 cows were
weaned at the conventional
time. The early-weaned
calves ranged in age from 34
to 76 days, with an average
of 55 days. All cows were
maintained on pasture and
were bred by artificial in
semination
Early weaning increased
the percentage of cows
coming into heat from
calving through the breeding
period by 29 percent in 2-
year-olds, 27 percent in 3-
year-olds, and 16 percent in
cows 4 years of age and
older. In the first 21 days of
breeding, early weaning
increased the percentage of
2- and 3-year-old cows ready
to breed by 39 and 24 percent,
respectively, but did not
similarly affect mature
cows.
Laster says the calving
date also influenced the
interval from calving to first
breeding in cows of all ages.
Cows calving earlier in the
season were ready for
breeding in a shorter time.
The intervals from calving to
coming into heat, and from
calving to first breeding,
were longer in Brown Swiss
cows 4 years of age and older
than in cows of other breeds.
The number of in
seminations required per
conception was not in
fluenced by early weaning.
Likewise, it had no effect on
calf gain up to one year of
age.
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