46
—Lanouff* Farming, Saturday. Jan. 11, 1975
Geographic Names
for Meat
What does a “Vienna
Sausage'* have in common
with a "Swcdish-stylc
meatball"?
The U. S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) says
that the two are quite alike.
Neither of them need come
from the country indicated
by its name ■ that is, “Vienna
Sausage" doesn’t
necessarily come Vienna,
nor does a “Swedish-style
meatball” have to originate
from Sweden.
But both geographical
terms identify specific types
of product and arc
recognized as such by the
public. In addition, says
USDA’s Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service
(APHIS), the geographical
designations are officially
permitted on' the label of
these federally inspected
meat products.
Even though the product's
true place of origin is often
stated elsewhere on the
label, regional or
geographical terms used in
the names of products are
frequently misleading to
consumers.
And what the consumer
understands by geographical
terms is very important
when APHIS approves labels
of meat and poultry
products.
Meat and poultry in
spections require that
labeling information be
truthful and clearly
presented so that the general
public will not be misled
when purchasing these
products.
Thus, a recent proposal by
APHIS may help clear up
some of the confusion these
geographical terms cause on
meat and poultry items.
In November 1974, APHIS
proposed five different
categories in which a meat
or poultry product might
justify the use of
geographical terms in its
name. Specifically, the
regional or geographical
designations would be
permitted by Federal
regulations only if:
1) The geographic
statement truthfully
represents the origin of the
product. For example, a
ham actually produced in
Denmark could be labeled
“Danish ham,” or it could be
labeled “Virginia ham” if
actually produced in
Virginia.
2) The geographic term is
a trade name or registered
trademark and is generally
understood as such by
consumers to mean the
product(s) of a particular
manufacturer or distributor,
rather than the place of
origin. (Registered
trademarks, in addition,
would have to be identified
on the label by a small letter
“r” in a circle.)
The geographic trademark
or trade name also would be
acceptable if it is so fanciful
that consumers could not
mistake it to represent the
origin of the product. For
example, consumers would
not possibly expect a product
labeled “Moon Sausage” to
come from the moon.
3) The geographic term is
required by a federal
standard. For example,
Federal meat inspection
regulations provide for the
use of the names “Frank
furt,” “Bologna,” and
“Vienna” as names for
specific types of sausages.
4) The geographic term is
generally understood by
consumers to mean a par
ticular class or kind of
product rather than to in
dicate the geographical area
where the product was
produced. Consumers, for
example, recognize the
geographic term “genoa
salami” as a particular kind
of salami.
5) The geographical term
is a generally recognized
style or type of product
which consumers identify
with and is peculiar to the
geographical area indicated
by the term. The product
York Countians Win 5-Acre Corn dub
A pair of York County
farmers from Dallastown
took the top prizes in shelled
com compgjtion in the 1974
Pcnnsytvomk Five Acre
Com Club it vtys announced
Monday at the Farm Show.
Pennsylvania Secretary of
Agriculture Jadlps MeHale
presented the awards to
Charles Hess, wmk won the
1974 shelled gra\n com
petition with a 190.> bushel
per sere yield, and'to Ray
must possess the Charac
teristics of such style Sr type
and must be used lA con
junction with the 'word
"style" or “type.” -Some
examples would 1 be
"Mexican-style burditos”
and “German-style
sauerbraten."
The USDA proposal also
prohibits the use of the vyord,
“brand,” to modify a
geographical term on toeat
or poultry products wjhich
are not produced in the prea
indicated by the tern). It
appears that the significance
of the word “brand” majy be
misunderstood and theteby
misleading to the consumer.
In a continuing effoitt to
respond to the needs of the
consumer, APHIS uyges
anyone who has views op the
proposal to present them to
USDA for consideration.
Written comments should
be filed in duplicate with the
Hearing Clerk, U- S.
Department of Agriculture,
Washington, O. C. 202^0.
Arrangements < for
presenting confidential
material or oral continents
should be made wi«n the
Labels and Packaging) Staff,
Technical Services, Meat
and Poultry Inspection
Program, APHIS, USDA,
Washington, D.C. 2025).
The deadline all
comments - written aipl oral
- on the geographical
labeling proposal is Ffeb. 7,
1975. !
More or Less
When Mom heard that familiar
crash in the kitchen she shouted
“More dishes daughter dear’” A
low, squeaky voice replied hesi
tantly, “No, mother, less ”
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ihone No
Omcr, who compiled a three
year average yield of 164.2
bushels.
The car corn classes were
won by Kenneth Gordon,
McConncllsburg Rl, Fulton
County, with 190.0 bushels
per acre in 1974, and by
Cumberland - Countian
George Stambaugh,
Newvlllc Rl, with a three
year average yield of 178.6.
The Five Acre Com Gub is
sponsored every year by the
Penn State Extension Ser
vice, and supported by the
Pennsylvania Master Com
Growers Association, the
Pennsylvania Seedsmen
Association, and com
merical seed firms. The com '
club has been in existence
since the late Forties, when
it was begun as a means of
disseminating information
about corn production
techniques.
This year, a total of 151
farmers had samples from
their fields harvested under
the direction of their local
county agents. The con
testants planted a total of
6794 acres of com in 36
Pennsylvania counties. The
average yield from the
sampled fields totaled 126.2
bushels to the acre. Average
plant population was 20,082
plants to the acres.
I)r. Joseph McGahen, a
Penn State extension
agronomist who coordinates
the corn club activities,
pointed out that the average
figures are no true indicator
of average com production
■ in the state. “These tests are
run on true production
fields,” McGahen said.
“Ihese fields receive no
special care, but they are the
best fields from some of the
best com growers m the
state. So you can’t use the
yields as average figures for
the state.”
Charles Hess’ 190.5 bushels
of com came off a Class 1
Chester soil type that had
been planted in an alfalfa
grass mixture the year
before. He applies two tons
of lime per acre to his fields
every four years. Per-
tilization for the winning
crop included ten tons of
cattle manure to the acre for
SO-25-S0 pounds of NPK
respectively. He also plowed
down 100-0-0 and applied 30-
30-30 in the row for total
fertilization of 230-55-80
pounds of NPK.
His com was planted on
April 29 and harvested on
October 22. The plant
population of 19,508 to the
acre was put in 38-inch rows
with 8.5 inches between
plants. Hess reported above
average rainfall for the crop
year, and good weed control
with one cultivation. His
percentage of erect plants
yyas 98.6 his percentage of
barren plants was 0.8.
Kenneth Gordon, the ear
corn winner, had a 190.0
bushel per acre yield, with
an unbeatable 100-percent
plants and 0.25 percent
barren. His was also a Gass
1 soil, but of the Hagerstown
variety. The crop on his
winning field the previous
year was an alfalfa-grass
mixture.
Gordon’s fertilization
program included a ton-and
a-half of lime every four
years, and 12 tons of cattle
manure. The manure sup
plied 60-30-60 pounds of NPK
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to the acre, he plowed down
170-0-60 and banded 20-00-20
for a total of 250-90-140,
against soil teat recom
mendations of 22000-200.
Gordon planted 17,320
plants to the acre in 38-inch
rows, with a distance bet
ween plants of 9.5 inches. His
- crop was planted May 1 and
harvested after a September
24 frost. Gordon reported
average rainfall, no
cultivation and good weed
control.
In com club competition, a
tie is declared if there is a
yield difference of less than
three bushels in any one
category. There was a tie for
second place this year in
shelled corn competition,
with two more York Coun
tians taking the honors.
Richard Wilson, Stewart
stown Rl, posted a 174.5-
bushel yield, while Ray
Omer 172.6 bushels.
Second place in the ear
corn class went to George
Stambaugh, the three-year
average winner, with a 1974
yield of 184.1 bushels to the
acre. Third place in ear com
was captured by Galen
Boyd, Lebanon Rl, with a
177.1 bushel yield.