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Farming; Saturday, Pec.~2B. 1974
Garbage Converted
To Grow Mushrooms
Converting municipal
garbage into mushroom
compost can solve a critical
waste disposal problem and
reduce costs in growing
mushrooms, scientists of
The Pennsylvania State
University have determined.
They’re carrying out studies
to help Commonwealth
mushroom growers increase
efficiency and cut production
costs in a highly competitive
industry.
Dr. Lee C. Schisler and
associates obtained a sub
stantial increase in
mushroom yields from a
compost containing 70
percent horse manure and 30
percent processed garbage
mixture-compared with
yields from 100 percent horse
manure compost. Dr.
Schisler figures this was
probably due to the in
creased dry 'weight of
compost in the trays con
taining the mixture.
“The processed municipal
garbage compost was fine
textured with particles
easily occupying air spaces
between coarse-textured
strawy horse manure
compost. This provides more
dry weight in a given depth
for areas of bed surface
without additional compost
compaction,” Dr. Schisler
stated.
Scarcity of basic
mushroom compost
ingredients-horse manure
on straw or com cobs used in
synthetic composts--
contributes greatly to costs,
he said. Satisfactory sub
stitute materials could
reduce production costs
significantly, he added.
The experiments first
determined acceptable
conditions for converting
processed municipal gar
bage into compost. This
research included new
formulations and new
mechanical digestion
procedures for converting
the garbage.
Prime factors in the
research included refuse
digestion and compost
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formulation, mushroom
mycelium growth in various
composts, and mushroom
yield. Once these factors
were worked out, a full-scale
pilot study was undertaken,
using the processed
municipal garbage alone and
mixed in varying propor
tions with horse manure
compost.
Refuse digestion and
compost formulation studies
were carried out at the
Hercules - Allegheny
Ballistics Laboratory,
Cumberland, Maryland. The
Fairfield Engineering
Company’s refuse
processing plant in Altoona
provided humus. Mushroom
mycelium growth studies
and yield trials were per
fomed at the Mushroom
Research Center operated
by the Agricultural Ex
periment Station at Penn
State.
After composting for 7
days, the finished compost
was discharged from the
digester directly into a pre
sanitized truck and delivered
to the University within 2
hours of discharge from the
digester. The compost was
filled into trays placed in
rooms under controlled
atmospheric conditions- of
oxygen, air movement, and
temperature - standard
procedures for growing
commercial mushrooms.
Yields from the 100 per
cent processed municipal
garbage compost were the
poorest. There was no
significant difference in
yields from the 100 percent
horse manure compost and
the 30 percent manure-70
percent processed municipal
garbage mixture.
It may be possible, Dr.
Schisler believes, to increase
the percentage of in
corporation of humus with a
standard mushroom com
post to at least a- 50-50
mixture. Further research to
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Simmental Breeders
To Hold sth Sale
One hundred and thirty- blood cow with purebred
three Slmmentals, all %- heifer calf at side,
blood and better, have been ASA sale e^ lics .[® q^
individually selected for veterinarians certificate ot
American Simmental pregnancy for all females
Association’s sth annual selling as safe-in-calf,
national sale, scheduled to Another rule allows only two
be held in the Astrohall, lots in the sale from any one
February 23,1975, during the consignor:
Houston Stock Show and Fred Hartman, Wood
Rodeo. River, Nebraska cattleman,
Chester Martin, Hen- was retained by Texas
derson, Texas rancher and Simmental Association to
sale manager, said the sale inspect herds nominating
selection includes seven cattle for the sale,
purebred bulls and fifty Sale cattle will arrive in
purebred females. The sale Houston by February 18 and
will start at 3 p.m. Sunday, will be on display in the
February 23, with auc- Astrohall. An independent
tioneering by Reyes, Reyes sifting committee will
and Elder of San Antonio. examine all consignments
Noting that last year’s after they arrive at Houston,
annual sale, at Louisville, A parade of sale cattle will
Kentucky, set a record when be presented in the
86 head brought $1,223,000, Astrohall’s main judging
Martin said the 1975 event arena at 10 a.m., Sunday,
could gross even more. February 23.
“Despite the depressed Texas Simmental
prices in our industry, Association is hosting the
quality Simmental cattle annual national convention
continue to set new records, and national sale for
The minimum requirement American Simmental. In
fer cattle nominated in this formation is available from
sale demands weaning TSA at 101 North St. Mary’s
weight ratios of 100 or better, Street, San Antonio, Texas
automatically disqualifying 78205
the lower half in any herd.
And we had 268 nominations
to select from, so we took
only the best. We’re op
timistic,” Martin said.
Purebred females include
three that are safe-in-calf, 45
that are open, and two three
in-one packages consisting of
safe-in-calf purebred cows
with purebred calves at side.
Also offered are 35 safe-in
calf %-blood Simmentals, 40
open 3 /4-bloods, and a %-
accomplish this, however, is
necessary.
The domestic mushroom
growing industry, he added,
has been faced with heavy
and increasing competition
from imported mushrooms.
Efficiency is vital, he noted,
in a Pennsylvania industry
producing a crop worth
nearly $64,000,000 annually.
The perfect tractor-loader team
574 TRACTOR / 2050 A LOADER
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With the capacity-matched 2050 A, you get breakaway lifts up to
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Sales and Service
EPHRATA, PA.
COPE & WEAVER CO.
NEW PROVIDENCE 786-7351
•• im hmoiif’s *imnfbk
' dates and events from yesteryears
January 3. 1964-Ariw>na Senator Marry Goldwater an
nmmcci he will seek (he Hepubllcan Presidential nomination.
January 4,1896-Ulah is admitted as the Union’s 45th stale.
January 5, 1925—Mrs, Nellie Taylor Roas is sworn In as
the nation’s first woman governor. She was elected to fill the
unexplrcd term of her deceased husband by the people of
Wy °January 6, 1759—George' Washington marries Virginia
widow Martha Danridge Custis.
January 7. 1953—President Truman announces the devel
opment of the hydrogen bomb by the United States.
January 8, 1815—General Andrew Jackson is victorious
over the British at the Battle-of New Orleans. -
January 9,1945 —General MacArthur fulfills his promise as
he and 68,000 American troops return to (he Philippine Islands.
Write or call for a list ol
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