Complete Farming News In Lancaster Farming
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BEEF CATTLE
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday. Nov. 9,1974
Beetle Helps
Spraying
Reduce
To spray or not to spray?
That is the constant question
facing commercial apple
growers who add insect
predators to their arsenal of
pest controls.
Now a new approach
developed by a statistician at
Penn State’s Fruit Research
Laboratory at Biglerville
has all but eliminated that
dilemma for one major pest,
the European red mite.
Its perennail struggle with
the ladybird beetle
(Stetfaorous punctum), its
natural predator has been
simulated by computer and
the results used to develop a
simple chart.
All the grower has to do is
compare the average
number of mites and beetles
observed on each of ten trees
in his orchard with the
numbers on the chart. If the
observed count falls within
the range indicated by the
chart, the grower can be
sure that die beetles are
controlling the mite
population and that there is
no need to resort to spraying
with a chemical miticide.
Paul Mowery, an alumnus
of Penn State’s Department
of Statistics and a research
assistant at the Laboratory,
developed the chart and the
computer simulation which
can grow an average
apple tree, complete with
mite infestation and beetle
predators, at the rate of a
complete four month
growing season every 20
seconds. The technique
enables the researchers to
see immediately the effects
of a wide variety of possible
conditions.
Mowery points out that it
would have taken at least
four years to generate the
information needed for the
charts from a field program.
Using the computer, the
entire project took only six
months to complete.
The charts represent one
of the finishing touches to the
European red mite in
tegrated control program
which was originated and
developed by Dean Asquith,
professor of entomology, and
his associates at the Fruit
Research Laboratory.
Mowery reports that the
entomologists find that the
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use of the mite’s predator is
particulary effective
because the pest goes
through eight generations in
an average season, rapidly
enabling it to develop
resistance to chemical
pesticides.
The use of predators in the
mite control program does
not eliminate spraying
against other pests, but the
chemicals used do not inhibit
the ladybird beetles and,
therefore, cause less shock
to orchard ecosystems. The
recommended chemicals
also have less residual effect
making the technique,
overall, a more en
vironmentally sound system
than programs relying en
tirely on spraying.
In addition, in early trials
in Adams county, Pa., the
program reduced the
amounts of miticides
growers needed by 50 to 70
percent even without the
chart as a guide to spraying.
That’s a saving of about $25
per acre or $5,000 per year on
the average 200 acre com
mercial orchard.
Mowery regularly com
mutes the 110 miles to the
Fruit Laboratory for two
days and then spends the
rest of his work week on the
University Park campus. He
maintains an office in the
Department of Statistics
where he has easy access to
the University’s IBM 370-168
computer and where he can
interact with students and
faculty members in the
department. He says that he
finds the-ability to talk to
other statisticians
stimulating and helpful and
notes that this work has been
helpful, in turn, to the
department as a source of
“real” data for use in
classes.
Mowery’s project is part of
a larger pome and stone fruit
research program at the
Fruit Laboratory directed by
Asquith. The program is part
of a nationwide effort to
discover new principles,
strategies, and tactics for
pest regulation and control
in major crops and is sup
ported by grants from the
National Science Foundation
and the Environmental
Protection Agency.
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