Monitoring System Vital for Fertilizer
Sewage sludge should not
be used as fertilizer until an
effective monitoring system
keeps track of heavy metals
added to soils and taken up
by plants, declared a soil
chemist at The Pennsylvania
State University recently.
Dr. Dale E. Baker and
associates showed plots of
com and grain sorghum
fertilized with sewage sludge
as part, of a recent Penn
State field day. The fertilizer
value of sewage sludge was
demonstrated.
Sludge samples were
analyzed every two weeks
since April 1 for. elements
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H. JACOB HOOBER RHOADS MILL, INC.
INTERCOURSE, PA. Selinspove & Milton, Pa.
THARPE & GREEN Hill H. M. STAUFFER t SONS, INC.
Churchville. Md. LEOLA, PA.
Ted Belefski
Ph. 523-9173
and potentially toxic heavy
metals. The results show the
need for accurate systems of
monitoring sewage sludge as
a fertilizer, it was pointed
out.
Composition of sludge
varies greatly with time and
is generally higher in cop
per, zinc, and cadmium than
is desirable, Dr. Baker
stated. The research is
supported m part by fair
funds from the Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture.
Both leaf and grain
composition in plots at Penn
State’s Agronomy Research
Farm showed additions of
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Chester Weist
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Beacon Feeds, York, Pa.
zinc and cadmium from
sludge. Concentrations of
copper in plant tops were not
changed by the sludge.
Traces of some heavy
metals are needed in soil for
healthy crop growth, Dr.
Baker explained. Nine
pounds per acre per year are
recommended for zinc, for
example. But common
sludge increases the zinc in
soil to about 200 pounds per
acre.
Mention was made of
feeding trials carried out
with chickens to assess the
content of cadmium in meat
and eggs. The results showed
with
Formulated
To Meet
THE NEEDS
OF THE
IGH PRODUCER
EARL SAUDER, INC. VAN-MAR FEEDS
NEW HOLLAND, PA. LEESPORT, PA.
Beacon Reps.
R. E. RudisiK Richard B. Kendig
Ph. 854-2281 302-478-3058
Phone 717-"843-9033
it is difficult to influence the
cadmium content of eggs.
Cadmium was, fed at 3, 12,
and 48 parts per million.
Even 48 parts per million
produced no significant
change in cadmium content
of eggs.
However, cadmium ac
cumulated in the livers and
kidneys of chickens from all
levels of feeding. Cadmium
content in the muscles was
much lower than in livers
and lidneys. Heading up the
experiments with cadmium
fed to chickens are Dr.
Roland M. Leach and
associates.
0. KENNETH McCRACKEN
& SON manheim.pa.
Lancaster Fanning. Saturday. Sept. 28.1974
Field day visitors heard
that a pilot program has
been initiated at Penn State
to provide a testing service
for municipal sewage
sludge and soil. The
program is part of the
ongoing testing service at
the Merkle Soil and Forage
Testing Laboratory on
campus. Details are
available from county
Agricultural Extension
agents or from Dr. Raymond
F. Shipp in Agronomy Ex
tension at University Park.
Under low concentrations
of heavy metals, Dr. Baker
and associates believe
sewage sludge can be used
safely as a fertilizer for at
least three years at rates not
exceeding 10 tons of dry
matter per acre per year.
The “kicker,” of course, is
the concentration of heavy
metals in parts per million of
dry matter.
From Penn State ex
periments, zinc should not
exceed 1500 parts per
million. Copper con
centration should be no more
than 750 parts per million.
With lead it should not ex
ceed 500 parts per million.
Nickel’s concentration is
considered safe at 150 parts
per million. The safe levels
for mercury and chlorinated
hydrocarbons are not
specified at this time.
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