,v>
' 'Wf'** i »• (( ‘ t ' ’*** V* i, t
* Viruses Control. Orchard Pests
‘ Ihsect,4-viruses • are being such as codling moths and Both?, assistant professor of “Right now these viruses
tested it The Pennsylvania redbanded leafrollers with entomology at the Fruit can not compete with
State, University for “genii their own diseases* Research Laboratory, commercial insecticides for
wirfare” against orchard Such viruses produce Blglerville. These viruses effectiveness, cost, and
pests. Penn State scientists disease in only one or a few can kill insect pests but will availability. However, the
indicate the technique, when closely related insect * not harm beneficial insects, information we are
perfected, can infect pests species, says Dr. William M. fish, birds, mammals, or gathering might be useful for
humans. * some future situation in
Since such viruses occur which chemicals can not be
naturally in association with used,” he stated,
insects, they can not be Producing such insect
accused of polluting the viruses is a rather corn
environment, Dr. Bode plicated process. The viruses
pointed out recently. He can not be synthesized and
believes the day win come manufactured like chemical
when preparations of such insecticides. Viruses are
insect viruses can be applied parasites of living cells. In
with conventional spraying “germ warfare,” they take
equipment. He even suggests control of a cell’s synthetic
that insect viruses might be mechanisms and produce
dried and formulated as more viruses like them
wettable powders. selves.
ff.
1> I w
FIGHT INFLATION
with the best one-two punch offered
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There’s a whopping battle on against inflation.
Perhaps you and we can’t knock out the larger economic
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1. Unconditional' free, personal checking., Unlike
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday, July 6,1974—11
To produce codling moth
virus, for example, Dr. Bode
and Douglas G. Baugher,
reasearch assistant, rear
large numbers of moths in a
laboratory. In the process,
larvae are produced. When
the larvae are 10 days old,
they are diets inoculated
with the virus. In this
manner larvae become
infected.
The virus enters susceptile
cells within a larva and
causes these cells to produce
more virus like itself. As the
new virus is produced, the
infected cells are destroyed
and the larva begins to die.
By the time the larva dies,
most of the internal tissues
have liquified. This liquid
contains 1 to 10 billion birus
granules. When the skin of a
larva is broken, out flows the
liquid containing the virus.
Virus-killed larvae are
stored in a refrigerator until
needed. For experimental
applications to trees, the
Penn State researchers add
water and shake the mixture
to create a suspension. The
project is carried out within
the Agricultural Experiment
Station at Penn State *
In field tests last year, Dr.
Bode measured dosages of
the virus in “larval
equivalents.” One larval
equivalent is the amount of
virus obtained from one
larva. The Penn Staters used
about 50 larval equivalents
of virus in one-gallon of
water for each apple tree.
The virus was sprayed with a
backpack mistblower. This
season about 25,000 larval
equivalents of virus will be
used in field experiments.
Before insect viruses are
acceptable for field use,
something needs to be done
to protect their life span, Dr.
Bode stated. Applied to
foliage, they are inactivated
rapidly by ultraviolet
radiation from the sun. Of all
material tested to block
solar radiation, powdered
charcoal was the most ef
fective at the Biglerville
Fruit Research Laboratory.
Virus suspensions containing
powdered charcoal were
more effective than virus
used alone in reducing injury
to fruit.
Red Meat
Increases
May 1974 slaughter of
meat animals in Penn
sylvania was up for cattle,
and sheep and lambs, but
down for hogs, while calf
slaughter remained the
same from a year ago, ac
cording to the Crop
Reporting Service.
Cattle slaughter increased
4 percent, sheep and lambs 8
percent. Hog slaughter was
down 17 percent from May a
year ago.
Nationally, total red meat
production was 7 percent
more than a year ago and 4
percent more than April
1974. Beef production was up
7 percent from May 1973,
veal was 7 percent higher,
pork production increased
by 10 percent, while lamb
and mutton production was
25 percent less than a year
earlier.
Food Preparation
All food preparation, done
1,000 years ago or done yester
day, consists of the same basic
operations: heating, chilling, cut
ting, mixing, separation, retriev
ing and turning, measuring, form
ing and brewing. Almost all
kitchen utensils perform one or
another of these basic functions,
despite the great variety of their
forms.
“The more, the merrier”
shouldn’t be your slogan if it
means overloading your
boat. Stay well within the
limits of the passenger and
weight capacity of your boat.
handles
all types of silage!
with four sues -12' to It’. IS' to 20',
20' to 24' end the 810 ones.. 24' to
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r See your PATZ Dealer
CALL 717-272-0871
MARVIN J.
HORST
Dairy Equioment and.
Amana Appliances
R.D. No. 1 (lona;
Lebanon, Pa.
Located on Route 897 between
Schaefferstown and Lebanon,
over 30 years in business at
same place.