Seek
■ (Continued From Page 13)
paid on the basis of quality as
determined at the elevator.
Scientists are also paving the
way for breeders to develop
varieties that produce more oil
and protein. For example, plant
physiologist Robert W. Rinne is
studying the metabolism of
growing soybean plants to trace
the biochemical pathways in
volved in the synthesis of oil and
protein.
Disease Control
Losses to diseases -- which vary
from year to year, but average 10
to 12 percent annually - must be
reduced. Brown stem rot, an
important disease in the Mid
west, for example, claims up to 25
percent of yield in some fields.
This disease is among several
currently studied by plant
pathologists Ronald W. Cham
berlain and Lynn E. Gray.
Another disease under study is
charcoal rot. It significantly cuts
yields but often goes unnoticed
because plants that seemingly
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Dr. Norman Reber, left, and James McHale study the
proposal for a Keystone Exposition Center to replace the
Pennsylvania Farm Show buildings. Reber, editor of Penn
sylvania Farmer magazine, is chairman of the Keystone
Exposition Center Committee, and McHale is Pennsylvania’s
secretary of agriculture.
are maturing a few weeks early
are actually infected -- their
seeds may fail to develop or the
pods may fill poorly.
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Developing varieties with
resistance to several diseases
and insects is a goal of plant
breeders but necessary germ
plasm has often been lacking.
Geneticist Richard L. Berneard,
who developed varieties now
grown on most of the Midwest’s
soybean acreage, made a plant
exploration trip to Japan and
Korea last fall, collecting over
2,000 soybean seed samples,
including some from wild
species. When these materials
are fully catalogued, the Nation’s
soybean germplasm resources
may more than double
New races of insects and
diseases constantly evolve so that
the plant breeder’s work is never
finished. Until some new soybean
varieties are developed - a few
years hence - soybean cyst
nematode (SCN) Race 4 may
become the number one limiting
factor of soybean production in
some places. These nematodes
occur in many areas of Missouri,
Tennessee, and Arkansas and
were found in two places in the
southern tip of Illinois in 1972. For
the present, nematologist Dale I.
Edwards advises; “crop rotation
of soybeans with corn or small
grains, maintained free of all
weed hosts for at least 3 to 5
years, offers the best control for
SCN”
When breeders develop
soybean varieties resistant to the
new race of SCN, initial supplies
of seed will be limited. Dr. Ed
wards suggests there may be
advantages to blending the seed
Pioduus available tiom yom local
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Behm Holstein is 4th to
Produce 300,000 Lbs.
Or-Win Masterpiece Riva
4624699, VG-85, owned by Willard
Behm and son Gary, Adrian,
Michigan, has become the fourth
registered cow in the history of
the Holstein breed in the United
States to produce in excess of
300,000 pounds of milk in her
lifetime. Her official total to date
is 306,389 pounds, which puts her
in second place on the all-time
leaders list behind College Orm
sby Burke who produced 334,292
of resistant with susceptible
varieties beyond merely con
serving the new seed. The
resistant seed fraction in blends
may serve as a trap crop’in which
the nematodes enter but, fail to
mature. Blends may also help
-curb development of still newer
races of pests, a problem
whenever pests are continuously
exposed to resistant plants.
Harvest Losses;
Ever since soybean production
has become a viable industry it
has been beset by significant
harvest losses. A 1927 University
of Illinois study showed that these
losses exacted 11.7 percent of the
State’s crop yield. Today’s losses
in major soybean-producing
States average 8 to 10 percent of
the yield.
Agricultural engineer W. Ralph
Nave is studying design needs for
soybean harvesting and handling
equipment, including use of high
speed photography to isolate
causes of harvesting losses. His
design work on combines em
ploying compressed air and
floating cutterbars looks
promising. In other research, he
found that many farmers could
reduce losses by 1 or 2 bushels
per acre through proper ad
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pounds in her lifetime.
Riva recently calved for the
Isth time with her 12th bull and
owner Gary says, “she is starting
out like she could equal her
record of last year of 23,135
pounds milk, a Michigan state
record for senior aged cows.”
Born October 5,1956, Riva was
sired by Brookview Masterpiece
Model 1133635 and is out of Or-
Win Ounloggin Pietje Reva
3497701. She calved for the first
time on October 5, 1958 and has
calved regularly ever since.
A phenomenal producer her
entire life, Riva has nine records
of 365 days or less in which she
has produced in excess of 20,000
pounds of milk. Her top record
was made at six years six months
of age when, in 365 days, she
produced 32,552 pounds of milk
and 1,000 pounds of butterfat.
Riva has had only three heifers
out of her 15 offspring, two of
which are still in the Behm herd.
One daughter, Or-Win Premier
Rival 6546374, in five lactations
has produced 81,620 pounds of
milk with a top record as a six
year-old of 21,640 pounds of milk,
703 pounds of fat in 351 days.
Riva’s other living daughter,
Or-Win Premier Rita 7114535 has
a two-year-old record of 15,630
pounds milk and 522 pounds fat
justment of contemporary
combines.
Advances in the Federal-State
cooperative research will provide
the know-how for the Nation’s
farmers in achieving higher
soybean yields on about 50
million acres already devoted to
the crop, nearly 30 percent of
which is exported.
PH ; 397-5152
15