Vehicle Emission Control Form Community Concern
and nitrogen oxides for 1975 and public health. grams per mile of hydrocarbons
1976 model cars. These poll- Robert W. Fri, Acting Ad- and 3.4 grams per mile of carbon
utants, it has been shown, may ministrator of the Environmental monoxide,
have a harmful effect on human Protection Agency, emphasizes To underline the degree of
health. Congress decreed that strongly that the decision does progress manifested in these
hydrocarbons and carbon not adversely affect air quality in goals, consider that emissions
monoxide put out by 1975 and any significant way. It does not from pre-control cars-before
later model cars must be 90 - add major burdens to States that 1968 models--were 8.7 grams per
percent less than emissions from already have to design and im- mile of hydrocarbons and 87
1970 models, and that nitrogen piement transportation controls, grams per mile of carbon
oxides put out by 1976 and later But the decision does offer the monoxide,
model cars must be 90 percentpromise of insuring that efficient Nitrogen oxides are a third
less than emissions from 1971 and durable automotive emission component of automobile
models. control technology will be emissions and the Clean Air Act
Congress authorized EPA to available to the public nationwide states that these pollutants from
suspend application of the by the fall of 1975. and that this 1976 and late model cars must be
standards for one year under technology will make a major 90 percent less than from 1971
certain conditions. In 1972, EPA contribution in cleaning up the models. However, recently
turned down a request by several Nation’s air. completed EPA studies of actual
car manufacturers for such a Mr, Fri presented a few figures nitrogen oxide levels in the air,
suspension. In early 1973, in an to show what the decision aims to when compared with the air
appeal brought by the car accomplish: quality standards that have been
manufacturers against the EPA -- In all States except set to protect public health, do not
decision, a Federal court ordered California, the emission stan- support the need for a9O percent
EPA to reconsider the suspension dards for new 1975 model cars reduction in automobile
request. After public hearings, will be 1.5 grams per mile of emissions of nitrogen oxides,
the EPA decision was issued on hydrocarbons and 15 grams per Accordingly, EPA, after further
April 11, 1973. The request for a mile of carbon monoxide. studies, may recommend that
one-year suspension of the 1975 -- Because of California’s Congress amend the Clean Air
motor vehicle standards under especially 'serious air quality Act to permit the Agency to fix
the Clean Air Act of 1970 was problem, emission standards for whatever standard is necessary
granted. Essentially, the EPA new 1975 model cars sold'in to achieve the degree of reduction
decision provided for an orderly California will be more stringent needed.
phase-in of new emissions control -- 0.9 grams per mile of A fundamental component of
technology and set new interim hydrocarbons and 9 grams per the EPA April decision was the
standards that will mean sub- mile of carbon monoxide. (About conviction that oxidation
stantially reduced automotive one-tenth of new car production is catalysts to control emissions are
emissions. The decision insured sold in California.) workable and that the public
against any disruption of the New 1976 model cars sold interest dictated that the
steady progress already being anywhere in the United States catalysts be phased into use by
made toward cleaner emissions will have to meet the Clean Air setting standards in California
and toward the protection of Act’s emission standards of 0.41 that would require their use on all
conventional automobiles sold in
that state in 1975. And the interim
standard set for the rest of the
Nation for 1975 models also would
likely require the use of catalysts
on some models.
We chose to phase in the
catalysts because of the potential
societal disruption involved in
attempting to apply this new
technology across all car lines in
one year. Across-the-board in
troduction in one year would have
The American farm com
munity is part of the most mobile
society the world has ever known
thanks to the development of the
automobile and of our great
network of highways and feeder
roads. And agriculture today is
as dependent on our massive
transportation complex as any
other segment of American
enterprise-in many respects
more so.
With this tremendous blessing
of mobility, however, has come
the serious problem of air
pollution. The largest single
contributor to air pollution is the
automobile. So the primary cure
is to reduce the amount of
pollutants emitted by individual
motor vehicles or to reduce the
number of vehicles on the road.
Either cure-or a combination
thereof (which is most likely)-
certainly will be of concern to
motor* vehicle owners in the
agricultural community. This is
why the opportunity is taken to
explain a complex and con
troversial decision by the En
vironmental Protection Agency
(EPA). The decision, made last
April, sets the course for the next
few years for Federal, State, and
local officials in pursuing
national transportation
strategies.
First, some background to the
decision. The Clean Air Act
amendments of 1970 set strict
standards for the emissions of
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide.
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involved real risks, says Mr. Fri.
Our phase-in program, as
suggested, will have
significantly harmful effect
air quality.
The April decision will not
adversely affect the momentum
of progress toward achieving the
1975 standards. Instead Mr. Fn
stated he believes it is part of the
evolutionary process toward
cleaning up automobile
emissions envisioned by the
Congress when it molded and
passed the Clean Air Act of 1970
Full-Employment
Growth Anticipated
By Bank of America
The pattern of consumer
spending over the' next six
to nine months will largely
determine the overall pattern
of economic activity in the
United States over the next
two years, says a Bank of
America economic forecast.
“The longer the current
boom in consumer durables
continues, the more severe
will be the correction in
1974,” says the current fore
cast, “Fopus on the U.S.
Economy: the Next 18
Months.”
The big question facing the
economy is whether the rapid
expansion during the first
half of 1973 can be slowed to
more sustainable rates with
out causing an actual down
turn in economic activity.
The report indicates that it
can.
“We believe a sustainable
full-employment growth path
will be achieved without a
full-blown recession,” the
bank’s economists say. “How
ever, real output growth
could be close to zero or even
negative in one quarter in
late 1973 or early 1974.”
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