Animal Scientist
(Continued From Page 12)
In spite of the benefits in the
use of antibiotics, new FDA
regulations (effective April 20,
1973) include several strict
requirements if antibiotic use for
livestock is to be continued.
Preston pointed out that since
sponsors of many of the drugs no
longer hold exclusive market
rights on the antibiotics they are
not likely to feel it profitable to
spend the money required to
meet the new FDA regulations.
The result probably will be that
many useful antibacterial drugs
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will probably be banned within a
year or two simply by default.
The third category of ad
ditivies—physiological sup
plements—involve mostly hor
monal substances for beef cattle.
The recently-banned DES
(diethylstilbesterol) was such a
substance. Currently, four of this
type of additive product are
approved for use with beef cattle.
All increase the growth rate,
apparently through an increased
deposition of protein and no
change or a decreased deposition
of fat. The result is a leaner beef
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carcass from an animal that
reaches market size and con
dition earlier than one which
received no additive.
Preston then turned to DES,
tracing the rise and fall of the
effective synthetic hormone.
DES was first approved for cattle
in 1954 after extensive tests
showed no residues 48 hours after
the substance was withdrawn
from the ration. For 15 years,
DES was used in the production
of perhaps 80 percent of the
finished cattle in the U.S.
However, a rapid and
somewhat more sensitive
analytical procedure was
developed and detectable
residues of DES began showing
up in livers of an estimated 0.5 to
1.5 percent of cattle marketed.
No residue was found in lean or
fat meat from DES-treated
cattle, according to Precton
Operating under the “Delaney
Amendment,” which prohibits
the use of any carcinogenic
(cancer-producing) substance if
even minute traces of residue are
detected, FDA banned the
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feeding of DES January 1 of this
year and implantation of DES
was banned April 27.
Preston called for replacement
of the “zero tolerance” rule by
established residue levels which
are measurable but still so
minute that they cannot be
considered hazardous.
The Ohio scientist quoted a
New York Times editorial which
charged that “the Delaney
Amendment is an all or nothing
affair, and presumably would
have applied even if the
analytical equipment had found
only one thousandth of a trillionth
part of DES. This sounds more
like fanaticism than intelligent
public policy. Would not Congress
be well advised to consult the
scientist on what meaning if any,
the law should give to in
finitesimal quantities?”
The inconsistency of the action
was emphasized by Preston by
pointing out that a person would
have to eat 5 to 10 tons of liver
(with DES residues at 2-5 parts
per billion) at one sitting just to
equal the amount of estrogenic
activity in birth control pills.
“Interesting reading but the
point is this; what constitutes a
real carcinogenic level?,” he
asked.
He said that DES should not be
classed as a carcinogen in cattle
production unless it results in a
residue greater than an almost
impossible 25 parts per billion,
the level which induced tumors in
susceptible strains of mice.
Preston pointed out that th’e
U.S. consumer is the major
benefactor in the use of feed
additives. He charged that if
American agriculture were
forced back to agricultural
procedures advocated by
“organic farming” enthusiasts,
food costs could be expected to at
least double, food selections
would become seasonal, and
produce, including animal
products would come from less
healthy stock.
“Additives constitute an im
portant scientific contribution to
the efficient production of
livestock. Considerable research
is conducted to determine their
efficacy and safety prior to their
approval for use and subsequent
marketing by commercial
companies. Feed additives are
regulated such that their use is
perhaps one of the safest on
record,” Preston concluded. “To
ban them on the basis of fear or
scientifically unreasonable
legislation would be a big step
backward. If this occurs, I see
little hope of solving the growing
world food crisis, the solution
toward which this country has so
much to offer.”
Where to Store Toys
Providing good storage space
for your child’s toys will help him
keep them in good condition.
James Van Horn, Extension
family life specialist at The
Pennsylvania State University,
says low, open shelves help your
child leam to stack his toys
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tractive, but too often a child
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box in the comer. Soon dolls have
missing arms and cars lack
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box over to find it quickly. Open
shelves leave all toys in view so
that your child can easily see and
choose the one he wants to play
with.
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