—Lancaster Farming, Saturday. April 21. 1973
18
Soybean
By Raymond A. Krause
Plant Pathology Extension
Penn State
In order to supply growers with
certified soybean seed this year,
several soybean seed producing
states have lowered the
Strip tests prove it: Cattle
prefer Pioneer brand sor
ghum-sudangrass hybrid over
other brands. That means
they’ll eat more ....
make more meat or milk.
Unbeatable hot-weather pas
ture or green-chop. Can be
planted on diverted acres
and grazed after September
1. Treat your cattle to the
pasture hybrid they like beatl
See or call your
Local Pioneer
Salesmen
PIONEER.
SOROfHUM
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mark ml Plonaar Hl-lrad Com Cam
PMy, Daa Matoni, lowa. UAA.
Management Tips
minimum germination
requirement for certified seed to
70 percent. This means that you
may need to increase your
planting rate accordingly. For
example, at a soybean workshop
in Lafayette, Indiana, a test of
recently harvested soybeans
showed only one-fourth had 80
percent germination, half tested
between 60 and 79 percent, and
the remaining one-fourth tested
below 60 percent germination!
Due to high cost of soybean
seed and lower germination, this
is the year to use seed treatment
with a fungicide and-or an in
secticide to help prevent seed
decay, damping-off, and maggot
injury. If both seed treatment
and soil inoculation (planting on
ground where soybeans have not
been planted before) are
required, it is considered best to
treat the seed several weeks
before applying the inoculant.
See the Agronomy Guide for
additional information on seed
treatment.
We recommend that all seed
germination be tested. Increase
your planting rate to offset low
germination. A “Do It Yourself”
germination test is included. DO
IT!!
It is important that soybean
producers consider disease
prevention before planting. After
seeds are planted, it is too late for
most disease control practices.
Seed and-or soil treatment with
various plant health products
(fungicides, insecticides, etc.),
disease-free seed, disease
resistant varieties, disease
preventing crop rotations, and
plowing under crop refuse are
commonly employed as
preventive management prac
tices to improve health of
soybeans. The proper com
bination of soybean health
promoting practices for an in
dividual grower will depend to a
great extent on the diseases that
have been a problem in the field
under consideration. It is known
that disease problems can vary
from field to field even on the
same farm.
Growers are advised to contact
local or State authorities for
localized information on slybean
diseases and their control.
How to Run a “Do It Yourself”
Cold Test for
Determining Soybean
Seed ViabUity
The standard seed laboratory
germination test does not provide
an accurate criterion for soybean
seed viability in the field.
The “cold test” for seedling
emergence is a more accurate
method of finding out what seeds
will do when planted in the field.
Here is how to run a cold test:
1. Count out three (3) 100 seed
samples selecting seeds free of
cracks, splits, mold and
discoloration.
2. Layer each 100 seed sample
in a large Dixie Cup or drinking
glass alternating a layer of seeds
with a layer of field soil.
3. Moisten layered seed
samples and store for 7 days at
approximately 50 degrees
(garage, tool shed or outside
building temperature).
4. Plant cold treated seed in
fiats or baking pans of ordinary
sand. Plant 100 seeds in 5 rows of
20 seeds.
5. Moisten planted beans, place
in a room at 70-80 degrees (the
living room is a good place if you
can get away with it).
6. Water daily and start counts
of emergence after 4 days, check
on sth, 6th, 7th days and record
percentage emergence.
7. Average the three 100 seed
samples and this is the per
centage emergence you can
expect to get in the field.
8. A good seed sample should
give no less than 70 percent
emergence in cold test. This
should give 80-90 percent
emergence in the field.
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