;o—Lancaster Farming, Saturday. November 11,1967
2i
Face Fly Control
Making Progress
Scientists are coming closer
to control of insects and pests
by means other than the use
of sprays, researchers from
Penn State University said to
day during the annual meeting
of the Eastern Branch of the
Entomological Society of Am
erica. This so-called “biological
control” may someday elimin
ate the face fly, a common
pest among cattle, announced
Sik-Chung Tung and Tien-Hsi
Cheng of Penn State.
The Penn State scientists
said they found a period in the
pupal or intermediate stage of
the face fly when sex identifi
cation is possible with the nak
ed eye. To do this, the pupae
must be made somewhat trans
parent and should be well
cleansed of film and bits of
organic matter. The findings
of Tung and Cheng are a new
approach to control of face
flies and related insects.
Clean pupae can be separat
ed into age groups by sex.
Then the males can be more
easily irradiated, making them
sterile. When released the
males mate with females but
produce no offspring since the
eggs are not fertilized.
The problem is to select
male fly pupae at a proper
stage of development for ir
radiation and release as adults.
Mr. Tung, a Ph.D. candidate in
entomology, and Dr. Cheng,
head of zoology at Penn State,
centered their comments
around the methods they have
developed for cleansing the
larvae.
The Penn 'Staters found that
a common household detergent
at low concentration has prov
ed to be an effective cleansing
agent that neither shortens the
lives of the insects nor reduces
their usual activity.
Fly populations often are
reared in biological laborator
ies. The classic method of sep
arating males from females is
to immobilize the insects with
low temperature or carbon di
oxide, or by other means, and
to remove desired specimens
with the aid of a microscope
This involves time-consuming
handling in which- both sexes
of the flies often are injured.
It is (believed the Penn State
method will help solve such
problems.
Other species of flies have
Mild
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been reduced in number, even
exterminated, by the sterile
male method of control in
which irradiated males are re
leased. Since females of some
species mate only once in their
lives, matings with irradiated
sterile males produce no off
spring and become an import
ant phase of biological control.
Did you know The Hem
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State Tiee in 1930, and the
Mountain Laurel was designat
ed to be the official State
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<Continued from Page 13)
er degree than ever before,”
the director said.
By the year 2000 a little
more than three decades from
now the population of this
nation is expected to be 300
million, he added. Our popula
tion in and near cities will
double, we will need twice the
amount of water, we will double
the number of new homes built
since World War 11, and we will
need additional highways for
three times the number of cars
we have today. This tremendous
expansion of population, bring
ing with it all the increased de
mands for food and facilities,
will require close cooperation
and coordinated efforts on the
part of farmer and nonfarmer ■ . !fAEE> SOIL SAMPLES. -
alike. . I>ll is an ideal time to take
Mr. Patton, who is a former f 011 “ft!!
State Farm-City Week: chairvP«£f ST
man, reports that behind every •tow*** - £*““•• JL
two farm people, there is
urban person providing the ma- Pena-State lf these
terials to keep farms function
Ing. The city dweller expects
and gets an extremely wide< c( i r^?^i^ U f® l ? l^*lrf e fft
variety of quality foods and fib- XJfSf of •• rl P« rtor
er, packaged attractively, mar- 00unw ‘
keted effeciently, and presented .. «a .....
conveniently at reasonable the flgure WM 20 per *
prices * “The path between farm and
Despite slight increases in city is a highly traveled two-way
food prices, an honest analysis street. We all live at some point
will support the fact that food is along this street. The more we
the nation’s biggest bargain to- can learn about each other from
day. Food expenditures are cur- Farm-City Week programs plus
rently taking slightly more than year-round activities, the better
18 percent of the average fami- the prosperity will be for the
ly income. In 1950, food took entire community,” Mr. Patton
nearly 25 percent. As recently said.
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