Milk Solids Test May Broaden
Dairy Research in Non-Fat Field
Research on the production by
dairy cattle of essential non-fat
food constituents in milk will be
greatly aided by a portable test
ing kit designed to measure the
total solids content of small milk
samples, the U. S. Department of
Agriculture said today. This
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solids test is used in conjunction
with the well-known test for but
terfat.
The portable testing equipment
developed by USDA dairy scien
tists, is a useful instrument for
fundamental research under field
conditions. Eight of the kits have
been used in cooperative dairy
breeding and management experi
ments in Louisiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Tennessee, Virginia,
and Wisconsin to determine the
usefulness and accuracy of the
device as a research tool.
The new method of testing
made possible with this equip
ment may become the basis for
expanded research under a co
operative plan involving several
States and Canada’s Province of
Ontario.
Consumer interest in the solids
other than fat contained in milk
has been increasing. Among these
non-fat solids are protein, lac
tose, casein, albumin, sugar, and
several minerals all having a
place in the human diet In addi
tion, some of these milk consti
tuents are in demand for indus
trial uses.
Dairy researchers and the milk
industry are interested in the pos
sibility of breeding strains of
dairy animals that would produce
milk of the greatest all-around
food value. Portable equipment
for making tests for non-fat solids
has not been available to aid in
accurately evaluating progress,
except under laboratory condi
tions. This lack has not only
handicapped breeding programs
that might have been undertaken
to produce more desirable ani
mals, but it has also held up
studies needed to determine the
effect ofinheritance, envirnment,
and nutrition on the non-fat
solids content of milk itself.
The lactometer has long been
used as a means of determining
total solids in milk. However, its
usd has been restricted largely
to the laboratory.
USDA dairy chemist Paul D.
Watson has devised a lactometer
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requiring three to four ounces of
milk for each test, and developed
a mathematical formula to use
with this instrument for more
accurately measuring the percent
age of milk solids. Also in the
interest of greater accuracy, both
the lactometer and the formula
are adjusted for use with milk
at 102* F., the temperature at
which milk fat is in a liquid state.
Accessories needed for conveni
ence of operation and portability
of the kit were designed by dairy
scientist Fred M. Grant of the
USDA research staff at Belts
ville.
As used in the kit, the lacto
meter is an elongated glass blub
weighted at the bottom so it will
float upright. It is fitted with a
thermometer-like stem at the top,
calibrated to measure the speci
fic gravity of milk varying solids
content. Another part of the
equipment is a rectangular tank
in which water is placed and heat
ed by electricity under thermos
tatic control. The tank is fitted
with a removable rack in which
there are 45 holes of suitable size
to hold small cylinder-like con
tainers for the milk samples to be
tested.
To use the device, water ' in
the tank is heated to 102* F.
approximately the normal body
temperature of a cow and is
held at that level. Each sample
of milk to be tested is poured into
a separate cylinder. Testing be
gins when the milk reaches the
desired temperature. This is
necessary for speedy calculations
of the solids content of each
sample, because calibrations on
the lactometer and the mathema
tical formula used in making the
calculation area adjusted to each
other at 102* F.
The tests are made by placing
the lactometer stem up in
a cylinder of milk, reading the
calibration at the top of the meni
scus (curved upper surface of
liquid column), and applying the
formula to determine the precent
age of total solids. The result, aft
er subtracting the butterfat per
centage as determined by the
Babcock test, provides the non-fat
solids percentage of the sample.
In tests for accuracy, the new
small lactometer has given re
sults satisfactorily comparable to
tests with large lactometers and
with gravimetric determination.
It has proved as reliable for non
fat solids content tests as the
Babcock tester is for determining
butterfat content. The tests for
accuracy have been made by Fed
eral and State dairy scientists at-
Beltsville, Michigan State College
at East Lansing, the University of
Wisconsin at Madison, and Vir
ginia Polytechnic Institute,
Blacksburg.
Accuracy of the device and its
potentialities have been discussed
at a recent symposium sponsored
by the American Dairy Science
Association. A committee of this
organization is currently develop
ing plans for interstate coopera
tion as a means of studying milk
quality on the basis of variations
in non-fat solids as they may be
influenced by climate, environ
ment, and heredity.
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Lancaster Farming, Friday, Dec. 6, 1957—3
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Nearby Whites
Extra Fancy Heavyweights . ... . 48
Mediums .. 45
Pullets . 40
Peewees ... . . 28 29
Nearby Browns
Extra Fancy Heavyweights .... . . .48
Mediums . 44 45
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Peewees ... . 28 29
Midwestern Mixed
Fancy Heavyweights .46
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Midwestern Browns
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Weekly Egg Price Review -
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Mediums .. 44 42*4 44
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