—Lancaster Farming, Friday, Nov. 29, 1957
16
Winter Cover Crops Help Maintain Soil Structure by Insulating
Winter cover crops that reclaim
lost plant nutrients, provide or
game matter, and prevent ero
sion can also play an important
■role in maintaining granular soil
•structure, the U.S. Department
of Agriculture says.
Soil-management specialists at
USDA’s Agricultural Research
Center, Beltsville, Md., have
found that cover crops planted
early in the fall insulate the soil
and prevent damage to soil struc
ture by repeated freezing and
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thawing,
Recommended cover crops in
clude rye and other cereals, rye
grass, annual bromegrass, vetch,
and crimson clover. They may be
used singly or in combination, de
pending on local conditions.
Although repeated freezing and
thawing during the winter may
improve soil by breaking up
clods, these forces are frequently
detrimental to soil-aggregate
structure (clustering of fine soil
particles) under certain field con
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Sensational
I YEAR-END SALE
on NEW and USED farm equipment
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JARED STAUFFER
MARTINDALE, PA.
A. L. HERR & BRO.
QUARRYVILLE, PA. LITITZ PA
HERR’S IMPLEMENT STORE ARTHUR S. YOUNG CO.
WEST WILLOW, PA. KINZERS, PA,
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The researchers point out that
the protective insulation provided
by vegetation reduces the number
of times a soil freezes during the
winter and the depth to which
frost penetrates. Cover crops also
promote and help to maintain
large populations of earthworms
and other earth-boring organisms,
which increase infiltration and
speed up drainage of excess wa
ter from the surface soil.
Laboratory and field tests at
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Now you can buy new Case tractors, implements and ma
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Beltsville indicate that break
down of soil aggregates is a major
problem at wet soils where freez
ing and thawing takes place sev
eral times during the winter
months. This is a particularly
common occurrence in the Mid
dle Atlantic States.
Freezing and thawing on un
protected fields causes slumping
of the soil granules when they be
come wet. This condition leads to
surface puddling, followed by
crusting and cracking as the soil
dries out in the spring
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KAYLOR BROS.
RHEEMS, PA.
WALTER BINKLEY &
In other trials conducted by
USDA researchers, different
methods of tillage and replace
ment of crop residues resulting in
varying rates of soil deterioration
in corn plots fomerly in sod.
Corn was grown each year with
a winter cover crop of rye or
vetch. Tillage variations included
plowing, plow-depth tillage with
sweeps, and a mulch-till “once
over” planter. Residues were
chopped and disked and either
turned under or left on the sur
face.
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