ijtuitfiiic. LEAD PENCILS. jt is estimated that 500,000,000 pencils are osed annually. In the United States alone, m ore than 2,000,000 6f this number are U'Cd. the most part of which are received from abroad. The Cumberland mines, in England, have heretofore furnished the best quality of the mineral,'graphite or plumba go, from which the lead is had; but the supply has been nearly exhausted by con stant working, and few of the genuine Cumberland pencils are now made. In Germany, where 'the pencil trade is most flourishing, there are several manufactories, the largest of which is at,Stein, kept by the Fabor Brothers. It is a family business with them, their father and grandfather having been engaged in it before them, and has been carried on until the name of Faber, as a pencil mqfeeSr, is-renowned. -A manu factory has existed for some time at Con cord, Mass.,,and>ahdtjier extensive one has now been established near Hoboken Hew Jersey. At tbis establishment nearly all the work is dope by [machinery, which is constructed by : machinists at the factory, while in Germany the pencils Are mad<£ by band. For the wood of the pencil Florida cedar is used* being cut'jpp with;small;sawis, One set of the wooden slips are ‘ grooved', and fitted to other pieces called -‘uc&vbrs,”! and then left till the lead is inserted. The plumbago is not properly prepared until it has gone through, a process of breaking, cleaning, mixing, pressing, and baking. When it comes out of'the grinding.imill,, it goes into large tanks, where it, is refined and separated from all-lingredients, and, Tt is then placed in a bowl-shaped -machine,, where it is rolled;^npirad.^,Jt-m pressed, and this js the mqstinfdrestirfg ‘df the various 'ddgrAes‘os?*prepn : f'a?i6n- , it' ! cfnder* goes. A cylinder with tubes in the bottom is used, and through these .runs T the lead in hexagon; square,-routfcl, or any wanted, and is received in edits underheath by a small boy, who manages thfe board on which it falls with great dexterity. ,lCther boys take the lead' afterward and piut vit in models, which are stheb stint to the heating room for drying and . hardening; for the lead, when it comes frdm'the press, is soft and flexible, and wanting in tehacitjj. It is left in the heating-rooih one day, .wjien it is removed to a kiln, it is put in cru cibles and burned after the manner of burffl briclt. When this is done, about twenty girls are kept employed in putting' the' leads into grooves, and gluing on the covers, and this work is performed in a very, rajiid and systematic-style. The cutting of the, strip is done by run by a machine, and after they are turned out are put into another machine, where they are smoothed. From there they go; to the carpenter’s shop, where the ends are neatly cut, and they then pass tt#-polisher’s hands, the printer's, and the counter's, and-are finally put in boxes ready for sale. gwal itfluuratj;. »,/ THE WINTER .01 FAMINE. We are just emerging from a .remarkably severe, protracted Winter, which, iti spite of peace universal, and all but unbroken, has been signalized by unusual and pervading suffering from famine,'Wa,nt has made itself felt among us upon the broad, sandy levels of the South and in the crowded cities of the North—in part owitig to the desolations of War and the disorganization of Labor, but in part also to the deficiency of our last harvest. Incessant rains and floods through out the Spring and early Summer of 1867 retarded planting arid rotted seed in the South, so that the all-devouring Army Worm, finding the cotton green and immature, ate. at least half the bolls, reducing to' Two Mil lions of bales a crop that , should have been Four Millions, Otiffer crops, suffered like wise, but the principal loss was on Cotton. In the great corn-growing West, plowing, planting, and cultivating wero.likew.ise re tarded by Spring and Summer rains, which were tollowod by an : intense, protracted drouth, which reduced the Western staple by a full half. Wisconsin seems to have escaped this disaster, and there were doubt less other local exemptions; yet we are con fident that not more than half" a full crop of Indian Corn 1 was harvested north, 6f the Ohio and the Missouri. Hence, Pork and Beef are to-day dearer in onr iparlcets than they usually are or should be ; hence the South is less bounteously supplied with Northern Corn than she has usually been. Wo believe the South grew more food in 1867 than in the average of the ton .prece ding years; but she ;has received far less from the West—in part because the yield was less abundant than usual, and in part because she was less able to pay. Hence, scarcity and need throughout considerable districts, especially those inundated in the Spring of'67. Honcje, also, mercantile em baraassments, and a decided falling off both in the demand for‘fresh and in pay ments for those already purchased. But the Old World'has suffered far more intensely than the 1 New. The failure of crops in 1867, especially,™ the northern pro vinces of Prussia, of Sweden, and it would seem of Russia aiso, was beyond modern precedent. Wheat, Rye, Barley, and Oats, hut especially the three latter, form the chief staples wheredn the poor subsist; and these were all but destroyed throughout ex tensive districts by severe, untimely frosts. In Northern Sweden, the destruction was so complete that, coming, as it did, on the back of kindred disasters in: the impoediate past, it suggests’&!presumption -tnatT—per haps through the accumulation office, in the circumpolar districts that have nitherti?afforded adeqaate if hot generous sustenance to the human family, THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, APRIL ie, 1868. may have gradually become so inhospitable as to be no longer inhabitable except for a slender population of roving hunters and fishermen. It would be a striking commen tary on the current dreams of human pro gress.and terrestrial, melioration if it should soon be fpund to abandon to ro ving savages large districts that have for a thousand years subsisted millions of civil ized, industrious, thrifty Christian people. As yet, the data are too few and too new to justify a positive conclusion. What is cer tain is, that regions equal, in area to France must be supplied with food aDd seed by charity, or their next Winter will be even harder and more fatal than the las#. And, thus far, their appeals for relief seem to have been very inadequately heeded and responded, to, .whether by governments or people. Algeria.has never been prosperous under French rule, though we might, perhaps, omit: the'qualification. , The'French have nevqr been brilliantly successful as coloni zers; and/thoy seetn to haveijeven worse lfick in fheir, African copquWtt than else where. Their rule is generally hated there; their industrial enterprises rarely prosper; after nearly forty years’ possession, they •remain, mer.ely v encaruped in ,Algeria, as the Turks are said to be in Ehrope ; and, al ! though able easily'to overbear resistance, they have hardly yet succeeded in softening 'hi* ltHUtihg* hntipathly.C 'tTihditetrible famine now waging, and of which no mitigation Beems„to"; i have r been effected, will doubtless intensify hatred, though it can hardly im pel it, in fuil.yibW.hf the "disparity of forces, to assunib the- actiye form of rebellion. Al geria will remain French ; but she threatens to bo even a'more unprofitable, burdensome possession iti the future than she has been in thepa'st. Must we conclude that* Mother Earth is -WeSmiiipiugysirc^nftgidil&adging in her old jage^— less bounteously the efforts of’lier children, and threatens to curtail their allowance? It surely seems remarkableithktjdn this age of increased efficiency and improved machinery, when the labor of eaeh'person employed converts more cotton or wool-,into serviceable fabrics in one day than it fortherly'did in ten, and when ingeniously contrived planters, tillers, mowers,. reajjqra, threshers, &c., &e., have largelyfiridreased the yield of grain to the day’s works, there should appear to be com paratively less food produced than in past ages, when the plow wa@ a forked stick, and •the sickle cut our grain, at ten times the present cost. But oiir ingenious modern machinery enables us .to exhaust “the .earth of.Tertiiity much,.faster than our fathers could, while human effort, no longer concen trated mainly on Agriculture, now woos success in; a thousand'diverse fields. Let us at least hope that the present famine is but transient-;—that there will soon, be more workers of the ,fields,. fewer idlers in the cities, and the sun of next September will ripen a bountiful, adequate harvest all over the globe;-*— JY. Y. THtMfie. - ‘ ♦ • SMALL FARMS IN EUROPE. There is little in Holland, or Belgium, or Switzerland, or France, which a large Eng lish farmer would call good farming; there are no steam plows, few threshing machines, none bf that vast apparatus, l which we fool ishly suppose indispensable to good,farming; but there is, in all these countries, a more m inu.te, a more careful cultivation of the soil, and : there is also’, that which should be the principal object ib all farming—a larger amoimjt of produce from the land, larger quantities of food for the people; which is obtained, without exhausting the soil. The impression which has'grown upon, my mind, as I have Visited these various countries, is very like that which Jupiter addressed to the wagoner. If we want meat we must put onr shoulder to the wheel and help ourselves. We must look for wealth from better-tillage of our own soil. That which ti people raises bj 7 its own tillage, is inherently cheaper than that which it im ports. Those who grow 'Corn and raise meat are the best consumers of the manu facturer.— Fisher. MUTTON vs. POKE. Physicians recommend! mutton ,as the most wholesome meat, the easiest digested, and best suited to invalids ; while pork, as every body knows, is the most unwholesome flesh eaten.’ In England, mutton is a favo rite dish, and'We apprehend it is to this, rather than roast beef, that the Englishman owes his robust health,and rosy complexion. Oiir people eat'too much pork and too little mutton. And yet, as a contemporary well remarks, “ mutton can be produced pjund for pound at less than half the price of pork; yields more nourishment when eaten: and keeping sheep does not exhaust a farm to the extent feeding hogs does. Sheep can be kept during the winter on hay and turnips, or mangel wurtzel, or sugar beet, while hogs will not do without at leaßt some corn.” WESTON & BROTHER, MERCHANT TAILORS, 900 ARCS STREET, PHILADELPHIA, !;. ITave just recoived a handsome assortment of SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS for Gentlemen's wear, to which they invite the attention- of their friends and the public generally. A superior garment at a reasonable Price. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. , apr2-ly. $2.00 to $5.00 FOR every hour’s service, pleasant and honorable employment without risk,, Desirable for all ladies,. ministers, farmers, mer cliantv rifechimicß, soldiers, everybody.. .0. W. JACKSON & 00, S 3 Street, New York. . , feD27-LJt. $2 TO s6o* TVaMrimafcer & Brown, $2 To $6O, Men’s and Boys’ Cloth s 2 to $6O, i ng. trai7»cwi« ranging $2 TO $6O. at every price; cu( in $2 TO $6O. every style; ready-made $2 TO $6O. or made to order . S. K. 2$ TO $6O. corner Sixth and Mar s 2 TO $6O. ket Streets. $l2 TO $5O. Overcoats. — Chinchilla, $l2 TO $5O. "Whitney, Esquimaux, $l2 to $5O. Beaver, Fur Beavers, $l2 TO $5O. Pilots, tfcc. Largest o'a sl2 to $5O. riety in city. Oak Hall, $l2 to $5O. Sixth and Market sts. $l3 TO $45. Business Suite, Both $l3 to $45. foreign [and domestic $l3 to $45. goods / excellent styles. $l3 to $45. & E. comer Sixth and $l3 to $45. Market Bte. Oak Hall , $l3 to $45, $2O to $6O. Drees Suite of all the $2O TO $6O. desirable styles, suitable $2O to $6O. for any occasion, l^awa s2o to $6O. maker & Brown, Sixth $2O to $6O. $6 TO s2o* Boys' Suits, for school, $6 TO $2O. ' home and dress ; newest $6 TO $2O. ’ styles and best class $6 TO $2O. g foods. ‘WapamaJcer tafn supplies of almost allkiuds of goods, by the wholesale prices. In add-rion to this, in order to facdiiate.'tbe getting up of‘clubs, we pay agents ha.nd-wmelv for ;their services.- The most popular system ever placed before the public. Endorsed by prominent bu-uneas. men and the pie wanted in .every town and village in the country. seht'Free.' ‘ PARKER & CO., 64 & 66 Federal Street j Udß ton.-,■ - . .. mar 26 4t JOHN W^OCH,« principal.! NEW CHRISTIAN SETTLEMENT, ESTABLISHED 1861. THE GREAT AMERICAN TEA. comJpany HAVE JUST RECEIVED TWO FULL CARGOES OF THE . EnSTEST NEW CROP TEAS, 83,000 HALF GHJSSTS by ship Uoldm State 13,000 HALF CHESTS by the George Shotbm. M.ilnVdSitkw to these large cargoes of Black and Japan Teas, the Company are constantly receiving large invoices of the finest quality of Green Teas from the Moyune districts of Chirm, 'which are um*F vuUeu for fineness anil delicacy of flavor, which they are eellingat the following prices: , s , ; ... v Oplans (Black),-60c., 60c_ 70c.,’ 80c., 90c., bestsl per lb. •' i M.lxea(Gieen and Black,) 60c., 60c., 70c., 80c., 90c., best $1 per • ■ ft).' • I • • , English Hrealrfast, 50c., 60c., 70c., 80c., 90c.. $l, $l.lO, . best $1.20 per ft. ■ • - Imperial (Green), 50c;, 60c., 70c., 80c., 90c., $1,.51.10, best $1.25 per ft). Young Hyson (Green), 50c., 60c., 70c., 80c., §oc_ best $1.25 per th. . - , U ncoloired J apan, $l, sT.lo,‘best $1.25 per ft). The cost of transportation: the members can. divide equita bly among themselves. , The funds Jo \ ay for the goods ordered ean be sent by drafts on New York by Post Office money orders, or by Express,' us may suit the convenience of the Club. Or, If the amount ordered .exceed thirty dollars we wiLl,,if desired, send the goods by express, to “collect on delivery.” .Hereafter wo will send a complimentary package to the party getting up tlie Club. Our profits are small, but we,will be as liberal as we cim afford. We send no complimentary packages for Clubs of loss than $3O. N. B.—AH Villages and towns a Ihrge number reside, by ■ clubbing together, am reduce the cost of their Teas and Coffees about one-third, besides the Express charges, by sending directly to “The Great American Tea Company/ 1 BEWARE of'ail concerns that advertise, themselves os branches of • * .: our Establishment, or copy our name, either wholly or in ,part,as they are bogus or imitations. W 4 have no branches, and do not, in any case, authorize the use of our name. POST OFFICE orders and drafts make payable to the order of “The. Great American Tea Company.” Direct letters and orders to the ' • 1; . SPAT AMERICAN TEA CO., NOS. 31* AND £3 ViSSBY STREET, NEW YORK. . Pont Office Box, 5613 New York City. . Mar 26 l*2t A BE YOU LAME, Crippled, or Deformed, or hnve you a dilld with Hip Disease. Crrmked Spine, Paralyzed Limbs, Feefc, Contracted Jiimbß, Diseased Joints, Woaa Ankles, or White j Swelling. fi» ? I to see Dr. M ANN. or send for a , West Strait, New York City. REVOLUTION IN TRADE: BOOKS FOR SABBATH SCHOOLS. In the prosecution ofthe gieat work of Evangelization by print ed religious truth, the AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY has published over 400 choice arid valuable books for Children and Youth; believing tlie-*e are unsurpassed in the purity of their moral tone aud evangelical religious character, and that a wider circulation of them would result in still greater good, they will heredfter be offered to SABJSA t;a schools at a deduction of twenty rEtt cent, from the catalogue prices when ten POPLARS worth or : more are purchased at one time. •The choicest books of other publishers, suitable.- for Sabbath schools, will be furnished on the most favorable terms. II- N. THISSELL, IS 10. Chestnut Street, Philada* JOSHUA COWPLAND Manufacturer arid Dealer in **• Looking Glasses, AND Large Ornamental Gilt and Walnut Mirrors. No. 63 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. HENRT K. COWPLAND. C. CONNOR COWPLAND. LOUIS DEEKA, Stationer, Card Engraver and Plate Printer loss CHESTNUT STREET, pHILADELPmA. It is an Unfailing; Remeily In all eases of Neuralgia Facialis, often effectins a perfect curc'in Jli™\ twonty ‘ ,our hourfl j trom th« use of uo mors it, S in TWo"or lliftbb PILLS. other form of Neuralgia or Nerroua Disease has failed to yield t:i this WONDERFUL REMEDIAL AGENT. Even in the severest case* of Chronic Neuralgia and general ner vous derangements.—of many years standing.—aflect ng tbe entire system, in its use for a few days, or a few weeks at the utmost, al ways affords tbe most astonishing roliof, and very uuely fuiU to produce a complete and permanent cure. It contains no drugs or other materials in the slightest degree in jurious, even to the most delicate system, And can alwuvs i*e used with perfect safety. It has long been In constant use by many of our most eminent physicians, who give it their unanimous and nnqualmed approval. Sent by mail on receipt of price and postage. One Package, $lOO Postage 6 cents. Six Packages, 500 “ 27 “ Twelve Packages, 9.00 “ 48 “ It is sold by alt wholesale and retail dealers in drugs and medl cines throughout the Uuited States, and by TUJSKJEJt & CO., ", Sole Proprietors. ISO Tremont Street, Boston, Haw TimifJSn’S NTSVItAJMTA PTZLS, Sold in Augusta at FULLER’S Drug Store. JOUNSON, HOLLOWAY & COWDIN Ageute, Philadelphia. BOYS WANT If! GIRLS TAKE IT! OLD FOLKS PRIZE IT! AS it is always fresh without being sensational. Six Hundred Pages for $1.50. The Cheapest and Best Juvenile Magazine isthe :: S C II 0 0 LIA T E . Specimen copies FREE. Club rates most liberal. JOSEPH 11. ALLEN, Publisher, mar 26 4t. Boston, Bass. Great Tobacco Cure! appetite for Tobacco destroyed by using ORTON’S PREPARATION Chewers and Smokers leave off this disagreeable and unhealthy habit. One box of Orton’s Preparation is warranted to deatroy the appetite for Tobacco, no matter how strung the habit, in one imn.th’s time. It is entirely free from any deleterious effect* upon the. system. Forwarded to any part of the country, post-paid, on receipt of $2. Address, E. DOUGLASS, Sole Proprietor, Box 1,572, Portland, Maine. References. —Key. Stephen 31. Andrews, Colebrook, N. H.; Isaac Wetherell, Portsmouth, iV.H.; Rev. G. Michael, Nevada City, Cal.; E. W. Adkins, Knoxville, Tenuq Wales Barrett, Zanesville, ill. mar 26 It r\NK OUNCE OF GOLD will be given for every ounce of adulte ration found iu “B. T. Babbitt’s Lion Coffee.” This CoflVe is roasted, ground, and. .tealed “ hermeiicully,' under letters ps.isns front the U. S. Government. All the “aroma” is saved, and i»,o coffee presents a rich, glossy appearance. Every family should use it.-'as it is 15 to 20 per cent.stionger dian other pure “Codec.*.” For sale everywhere. If yonr grocer does not keep this coffee, and will not get it lor you, send your orders direct to the factory. B.T. BABBITT, Nos. 64 to 74 Washington St., N T. Juu. 23-2 it. f)A T? PT^M r R S SEND for Catalogue of New Trac- IJjilu. tical Books on Architecture and Stair BuiMing. m:ir26 4t A. J. RfCKNELL & CO., Publishers, Troy, N. Y. fftPCONOMY IS WEALTH.”—Franklin. Why will people pay SSU or -FIOO for a Sewing Machine, when $25 will buy a bet ter one for all j/ractical purposes ? Notwithstanding reports to the contrary, the subscribers beg to inform their numerous friends that the « FRANKLIN*And “ DIAMOND” Machines can be had in any quantity. This Machine is a double thread, complete with table constructed upon entirely new principles, aud DOES NOT infringe upon any other in the world, it is emphatically the pour man's Sowing Muciiiue, and is warranted to excel all others, as thousands of patruiij will t-.stdy. AGENTS WANTED.-—Machines sent to Agents on trial, and given aidtty to families who are needy and deserviug. Aduress, J . U. OTTfS i& (JO., Boston, Mass. nuu-26 12t LOOK! READ! REFLECT' THE PIONEER DOLLAR SALE! lnducements ever offered We make.this statement, and are able to back it up with tacts, namely,— ‘ That we can and will sett more Goods, and better, for ONE DOJj- LAli, than any other like concern in the world. The reason is ; plainly to be aeeu. With a very large cash capital, we are enabled to keep agents in New York, boston, and Philadelphia, who .ire prepmeiUat all -times to pick up any and all job lots oti guoxls of •lered.-ibr Cash. . N. B.—Our Agents are hot required to pay one dollar for their present, a-'ln other concerns. Ageuis .wanted, iu every city, town and hamlet iu the United States, to whom we offer the juost liberal inducements. Send iur Address,- ■ " S. C. THOMPSON & CO., ' 30 -HANOYEIi STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Mar:6-4t. HOWE & STEVENS’ Family Dye Colors. CAUTION. AtL persons who keep llowe & Stevens* Family Dye Colors for sale can be relied on ibr fair dealing, for the reason that they cos; the retailer twenty-live cents per dozen more then any other kinds of Dyes iu the market, while he retails them all at tlie same price, cpnsequf-ntly he makes twenty-five cents per dozen more b> seil 'ing :m inferior article. We publish this caution to guard our customers against imposi tion. Accept none but Howe