Biistdiantkatz.
REPORT TO THE EVANGELIOAL ALLIANOE.
BY HENRY B. SMITH, D. D
[CONTINUED.]
The triumph of National Unity has also se•
cured the Abolition of Slavery. By the sure •
logic of history, as the slave power culminated
in se cession. and secession in rebellion, so the
national instinct culminated in the vindication of
the national supremacy, and that supremacy, es
tablished by victory, buried secession and slavery
in a cimmon grave. Peaoe meant abolition. The
war was made strong by an idea; and that idea
was a moral principle. We fought fat national
unity, not for its own sake alone--though that
were as defensible, to say the least, loamy modern
European war ; .not even for the sake of empire,
though that has been the moving cause and rea
son of the most bloody contests of history; but
also because we believed and knew that the pres
ervation of the national unity was essential to
the progress of freedom. Slavers was the , one
great hinderance to the realization of the essen
tial idea of dur Republic, and the , success of the
Republic was the doom of slavery. Secession,
olve us the legal right of abolishing slavery in
all the revolted states. When, by force of arms,
we prevented the establishment of a slave repub
lic within our borders, we also acquired the right,
ai a war m msure, of extendinc , the bounds of
freedom. Such was the logic of war; it Made'
the impossible possible. In giving us unity and
peace, it also gave us liberty through all our
borders. President Lincoln, though 'he had
said, " I am naturally anti-slavery; if' slavery is
not wrong, nothing is wrong," hesitated, as Pres
ident, on constitutional grounds, to issue the
Proclamation of Emancipation, until it became
plainly necessary. By that proclamation, on
Jan. Ist, 1863, 3,405,915 slaves 'were emancipa
ted. An amendment to the ' Ooristitution, de
clared on Dec. 18th, 1865, by the Secretary of
State, to be duly ratified, provides, that " neither
slavery, nor involuntary servitude,. except for
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States,
or any place subject to their jurisdiction." The
civil rights of the emancipated have been d'u'ly
protected by subsequent legislation. ' Auk' in the
plan of reconstruction, now in progress under the
r3straint of a temporary military guardianship,
it is expressly provided that none are to be ex
cluded from ballot on account of their color.
Practically, the choice was between aiming the
negro with the ballot, or keeping a standing
army at the South to secure the civil rights of
freedmen. On the 31st of June last, in. Wash
ington itself, negro suffrage was carried into ef
fect, without disturbance. The work of the
registration of the whole Southern population is
now going on; and when that is consummated,.
and these States are all restored to their harmo
nious relations with the General Government, we
shall witness the unexampled and sublime spec
tacle of a whole race, long oppressed, elevated at
once to the rights of freetneh. The one great
anomaly will then he eliminated from our politi , t
cal system. It will be the victory, not only of
the nation, but of humanity itself, and of Chris
tian civilization. Under God's blessing we may
then, a purified and regenerated nation, reap the
fruit of our costly sacrifices. God has saved us
from ourselves. He has not destroyed us, be
cause we trusted in Him, and eared for those for
whom He cares. In the hour of our viotory He
also quelled in us the spirit of revenge. He has
13d us forth with a high hand and an outstretched
arm, and, in giving us new trust in Him, has also
given us new confidence in the power and per
petuity of our Republic, founded in the doctrine
of human rights, and thus adapted to promote
and speed human welfare :
" Vital in every part,
"It can but by annihilating die."
Our most solemn national trust has respect to
that down-trodden, yet patient, African race, so
long held in cruel bondage. We neither ignore,
nor deny, the magnitude and the difficulty of the
new problem in human history, with which we
a e now brought face to face. Can an inferior
a nd long oppressed race, be thus suddenly brought
to a condition of civil and political equality,
wlthout endangering the social fabric ? This is
nu untried question. It is the one we must meet
and solve. In this dim and perilous way, our
light must come from faith rather than from ex
perience : but this is also the condition of all
civil and moral progress, for progress implies
trust in the future rather than in, the past. The
prime necessity in respect to the four _millions of
negroes, thus suddenly invested with new rights
and duties, is that they be educated into com
plete fitness for their new position. And this
work must be speedily accomplished. For the
immediate exigency, the national Government has
made some provision, in an exceptional way, by
establishing the Freedmen's Bureau, under the
intelligent and able management of Major-Gen
eral 0. 0. Howard, This Bureau protects the
freedmen in their civil rights; gives rations to
the needy, both white and black ; and has a cer
tain supervigion over the schools for the negroei.
It expended last year over four millions of dollars,
issuing some thirteen and a half millions of ra
tions, and giving hospital treatment to 170,000
persons. For the present year, the estimate of
extra rations, in consequence of the failure of
crops, is over two millions. The last Report of
this Bureau (Jane) in respect to Freedmen's
Schools, at the South, gives the number of teach
ers as 1,744, and of pupils 95,987. Of the
1,200 schools reported at the beginning of the
year, 333 were already self-supporting, and 290
were partially supported by the freedmen ; of
the teachers, 458 were colored and 972 white.
There were also 17 Industrial Schools with 1,279
pupils. '
575 Sunday - schools , with 52,409 pupils;
and 11 Normal Schools (for teachers) with tiBl
pupils. The funds for the support of these
schools come from private charity. Two large
associations are especially engaged in this work :
the American Missionary Association, and the
American Freedmen's Union Commissions- The
receipts of the Association last year were $253,-
UUU it has 508 missionaries and teachers among
the freedmen; scholars 38,719; in Sabbath
schools 18,010. This. Association imparts relig
bus as well as secular instruction. The Ameri-
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1867.
can Freedmen's Commission, of which Chief
Justice Chase is the President, was formed by a
union of various societies, and it has some three
thousand branches and auxiliaries in this coun
try, and in France, Switzerland, Germany and
England. It has established 301 schools, taught
by 773 teachers and having 40,744 pupils; last
year it distributed supplies to the amount of half
a million of dollars; its money receipts were
$280,768. The whole number of freedmen, who
have learned to read and write, during the past
two years, cannot be less than 200,000; the
whole number of teachers is about 2,000. This
is a great advance; but there are probably no
less than a million who need instruction. .other
societies,* besides those named, are laboring in
the same work; most of the religious denomina
tions have made some special provision for this
object, the whole amount of which can' only be
conjectured. The interest of Mr. Peabody's no
ble fund, of more than a million of dollars, also
aids in part in the same work. The call for in
creased. effort , is urgent, for the need is vital. The
Southern , States have never been able `to carry
out any general system of' public instruction, so
that the work' has to be done from the very
foundation. And it now seems probable •that
the whole South will at last obtain the blessing
of general education indirectly through the freed
men themselves. The progress of the pupils in
these schools is eminently gratifYing. Many of
them have had some of the very best and• most
self-denying teachers in the land, who have gone
to them from the North with a truly'miSsionary
spirit. As to the desire and the capacity of the
negro 'for education, there can, be no reasonable
doubt.t The training of the coming generation
will produce decisive results. Several colleges
are already started-for giving still higher instruc
tion. The Lincoln University (at Oxford, Pa.)
has just been endowed with four professorships
(by W. E Dodge, J. C. Baldwin and. others),
and had 90 students the past year, a large part
of whom will go into the sacred ministry„ Ar
rangements are Making ,for the training of col
ored preachers in the different denominations at
the South; and the conviction of the Southern
people, in most of the churches, is rapidly tend
ing to the conclusion (still resisted by some,) 'that
color shOuld not be a bar to the sacred office.
There will soon be rivalry among the different
churches for receiving this race to their , respect
ive folds. Black men 'already act on juries
throughout the South. Anfl Southern politi
cians are already showing eagerness to gain the
negro vote. Competition may confer the boon
which selfishness might withhold. These social,
political, religious and educational influences are
at work upon this great problem. And it is our
firm trnst, that • the same Divine Providence
which broke the fetters of the slaves, will exalt
them to the dignity of freemen; and that the
freedom of the Gospel will purify and confirm all
their other rights. There need be no fear of a
Christianized negro population.
In such a juncture and crisis of the national
life, as that through which we have been passing
in this decisive olympiad of our history,' all the
great powers of society are aroused to their full
activity, for all its interests, political, social,
moral and religious are at stake. Not only was
the State imperilled, but also the Church. Not
only were our republican institutions tested, but
also our American Christianity. The question
here was, whether the special form which Chris
tianity has put on in the growth of our Repub
lie would be able to meet the shock and stress of
civil war, and come out strong and triumphant?
.Could the Church meet the emergency as well as
the State ? This question was not on the surface of
the conflict, but it was at work in the very heart
of our life. And, in general, we may say, with
devout thanksgiving to the Great Head of the
Church, that He has led us, and caress for us,
and bound anew the chaplet of victory upon the
brow of his contesting bride. Our American
Christianity, with whatever there is distinctive
in it, has not become disintegrated,. nor has it
succumbed, but it has rather been an effectual aid
to the State in the saving of the land; it has
held up full high advanced the great moral is
sues of the strife; it has helped to swell, beyond
all previous measure, the sum and volume of
philanthropic labors and contributions for the re
lief of the sick, the suffering and the dying :
while at the same time it has largely increased
its collections for its own special objects, strength
ened and compacted its organizations, remained
steadfast in its faith and order, and is left, at the
close of the war, more strong for its vast future
work, and making larger preparations for that
work, than ever before. And in all this we re
coguize and adore the good hand of our God
upon us. The War of the Revolution left the
churches, eight years back, enfeebled and dis
tracted, for 'they were then entering upon the
untried career of separation from the state. Our
distinctive _American Christianity has been built
up on the basis of that separation,and now, after
a sterner trial than ever before, we are more than
ever convinced, that for the churches of our
land this is the way of safety and of growth.
There was here no precedent and, no analogy.
Those accustomed to the compact, external unity
of a state-church might easily hope or fear, that
our many external divisions were signs of inter
nal weakness, and that we should be disintegra
ted by the violence of the civil commotion and
strife. Of this fear we were not ourselves con
scious; and the progress of events has shown
that the ecclesiastical tendencies, in the midst of
our civil strife, have looked in the direction of
re-union rather than of increased subdivisions.
The special and determining characteristic of
* The African Civilization Society is an associa
tion of colored persons in New York, acting on the
principle that the blacks can best train the blacks.
It has 19 schools, 32 teachers and 1,367 scholars in
Md., Va., etc.
t One freedwoman, Nashville, Tenn., Frances E.
W. Harper, is noted for her poetic gifts ; she re
cently published a little poem, in which she writes
of Freedom, that
" White robed and pure her feet shall move
O'er rifts of ruin deep and wide,
Her hands shall span with lasting love
The chasm rent by hate and pride"
In 1860 there were reported 468,000 colored
church members at the South : Methodists, 215,-
000 ; Baptists, 175,000 ; Presbyterians, 18,000;
Cumberland Presbyterians, 20,000; Campbelite Bap
tists, 10,000; Episcopal, 7,000; all others about
20,000. The whole number, of persons of African
descent in the Western hemisphere is about 14,000,-
our American Christianity, growing , out of the
very necessities of our history, is found in the
separation of Church and State—which separa
tion, in its last grounds, rests, on the one hand,
upon the principle of religious liberty, and, on
the other, upon a confidence in the self-sustain
ing power of Christianity itself.*
*On this and kindred points, may refer to Dr.
Baird's well-known work on Religion in America,
prepared for the Evangelical Alliance ; and also,
particularly, to Dr. Philip Schafril o ßeport to the
Alliance in Berlin, and to hie work on America,
published in 1857.
ahtttizEntz.
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• . CLIMAX.
PAGPB CLnitAX SeLys, for Burns, Seal Scrofula, Salt Rheum,
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l as
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' Moffat's Life Pillrazd Ppenix Bitters.
were first used in private practice in 105. They - were introduced
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Bilious and Stomachic diseases, wheth> of long or short duration.
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In no single instance has a complaint er come to our knowledge,
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The printed circular around each bo • icily explains the symptoms
ar,. - 4.5 1 11ets of each disease, specifies trea . ent, furnishes evidence, &c.
We briefly refer to Rev. David Eld , Franklin, N. C., who was
cured of Dyspepsia. C. B. Cross, of I. colic, 111, cured of Liver
Complaint. H. Hooley, of Springflel Pa., had. Scrofula , and had
to use crutches; was cured in three , eeke. James D. Dol ens, of
Adrian, Mich., cared of Bilious Fey Rev. Henry Graham, Pres
byterian Church, Gananagne , Cal., of ever and Ague. Rev. Ed. 11,
I
May, Twenty-first New TM*, of Rhea tism and Piles of 25 years
standing. Rev. Samuel Rattles, Edi lof the Springfield (Mass.)
Republican, was cured of terrible mess. Hon. Ed. Webber,
of Rumuey, N. H., of Liv l r Complals, etc., etc., etc.
k .i
A box of Moffatt's Life 'Ds, with fill circulars, itc., will be sent
gratis to any Physician o Clergym on the receipt of two or three
cent postage stamps. .
Moffat's Life Pills are 24.ents per ox. Moffat's Phcenht Bitters,
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'
SMITIf $ HOWLAND, Proprietors,
Successors to Dr. Joax Hors , anpr. Wm. B. MOFFLT,
121 Liberty Street, New To . ' -•
"
SONG OW' IRON.
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e blood with its vital principle or We ele-
The PERUVIAt
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The genuine has "1
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=IMAM SYRUP" blown In the glen
Bold by all druggi
CELEBRATED SALVE.
• , OP A1LX63111 3 / 1 ; MAPS
From Mr. JAMES 00
h a severe felon on one of my fingers; and
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rked magth, for it effected a cure without
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NLY 25 CENTS A BOX
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s and Grocers generally. octlo-4t
SB 1
B old by Apothecari
t Issued.
A Pocket Edition of the well-known Family Bible,
with Notes, Maps, and instructions, has just been
issued in 3 vols., 18mo., krice $3. - Postage, 52 cents.
The two volumes of
.the Old Testament will be sold
separately to accommodate those who have already
purchased the third volume. Price, $2 25. Postage,
36 cents
American Tract Society,
1210 Chestnut Street,
PORIrE BIONNAIE,
POCKET BOOK AND SATCHEL
MANUFACTURER,
No. 41 North Sixth. SI., below Arch,
PHILADELPHIA.
Porte Monnaies, Cigar Cases, Pockpt Books
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--0--
PHILADELPHIA
"NOT A RCM DRINK."
Hoofland's German Bitters is not an alcoholic mix
ure. It can be used with perfect safety, being free
from poisonous liquors and injurious ingredients. It
has been in use twenty-five years in this country, dur-
ing which time it has performed almost miraculous
cures and given entire satisfaction.
DYSPEPSIA,
LIVER COMPLAINT,
DEBILITY,
and. all diseases of,the digestive organs, are speedily
cured by its use
The character of the testimonials below published
should induce flier suffering unbelievers to try this
Bitters. :'there is no medioine, extant . that has
.been
vouched for by 'so many persons, and those of such
hieiitanding. , , • ,
11 . 00 ELAND'S GERMAN BITTERS
WILL CIIILR'SVERY CASS 'OF
Chronic or Nevous" Deb ility,
and.. Diseases of the kidneys.
'Observe the following symptoms resulting from. disor
. dens' of the digestiVe organi3:
Conitipation, Inward' Piles, Fulness of Blood to the
Head, Acidity of the Stomach, Nausea, 'Heartburn,
;Disgust for Forid, Fulness or. Weight in the Stom-,
ack, Sour Eructations, Sinking or Fluttering at
the Pit of the Stomach, Swimming of • the
• Head, Hurried and Difficult .Breathing,
Fluttering at the Heart, Choking Or
' 'Suffocating Seniations when In. a
lying. Posture, Dimness of Vision,
Dots or Webs before the Sight,
Fever and Dull Pain in
Head, Deficiency of
Perspiration, Yel
• • lowneSs of the •
• Skin and
Eyes, Pain in
Side, Back, Chest, Limbs,
• Sm., Sudden Flushes of Heat,
' ' Burning in the Flesh, Constant imag
inings of Evil, and great Depression of Spirits.
From the Hon. George W. Woodward, Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. ,
PHILADELPHIA, March 16, 1867.
I find " Hooiland's German Bitters" is not an in
toxicating beverage, but is a good tonic, useful in
disorders of the digestive organs, and of great bene
fit in cases of debility and want of nervous action in
.the system. Yours, truly,
GEo. W. WOODWARD.
From Rev. E. D. Fendall, Assistant Editor Christian
Chronicle, Philadelphia.
I have derived decided benefit from the use of Hoof
land's German Bitters, and feel it my privilege to reL
commend them airs most valuable tonic to all who are
suffering from general debility, or from diseases aris
ing from derangement of the liver.
Yours, truly,
From Rev. D. Menige, Pastor of the Passayunk Baptis
Church, Philadelphia.
From the many respectable recommendations given
to Dr_ iloollind's German Bitters, I, was induced to
give them a trial. After using several bottles 1 found
them to be a good remedy for debility, and a most ex
cellent tonic for the stomach. D. MxNIGE.
' -
Prom Bev. Wig. Smith, formerly Pastor of the Yineen
town and (N. T.) Baptist Churches, Philadel
phia.
Having used in my family a number of bottles of
your Hoofiand's German Bitters, I have to say that I
regard them as an excellent medicine, especially adap
ted to remove the disease they are recommended for.
They strengthen and invigorate the system when de
bilitated and are useful in disorders of the liver, loss
of appetite, etc. I have also recommended them to
several of my friends, who have tried them, and found
them greatly beneficial in the restoration of health'.
Yours, truly, WILLIAM. SMITH,
966 Hutchinson st.
From Rev. 1. M. Lyons, formerly Pastor of thi Colum
bus (N. .1.) and Middleton (Pa.) Baptist Churches.
NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y.
DR. C. M. JACKSON—Dear Sir: I feel it my pleasure
thus, of my own accord, to bear testimony to the ex
cellence of the German Bitters. Some years since,
being much afflicted with Dyspepsia, I used them with
very beneficial results. I have often recommended
them to persons enfeebled by that tormenting disease,
and have heard from them the most flattering testi
monials its to their great vhlue. In cases of general
debility, I believe them to be a tonic. that cannot -be
surpassed. J. M. Irmo.
From Rev. Levi G. Beck, Pastor of the Baptist Church
Pemberton, N. formerly of the North Baptis.
Churi , h, Philadelphia; at present Pastor of the Baptis
Church, Chester, Pa
I have known Hooiland's German Bitters favorably
for a number of years., I have used them in my own
family, and have been so pleased with their effects
that I was induced to recommend them to many others,
and know that they have operated in a strikingly be
neficial manner.
I take great pleasure in thus publicly proclaiming
thisfact, and calling the attention of those afflicted
with the disease for which they are' recommended to
these Bitters, knowing from experience thatany ree-'
ommendation will be sustained. Ido this more cheer
fully as Hoofiand's Bitters is intended to benefit the
afflicted, and is "not a rum drink."
Yours, truly,
From Rev. Warren Randolph, Pastor of -the Baptist
Church, Germantown,, Pa
Personal experience enables me to say that I regard
the Bitters prepared by you as a most excellent. medi . _
tine. In cases. of severe cold and general debility, I
have been greatly benefited by the use of the Bitters,
and doubt not they will' produce similar effects on
others.
tours, truly,
From Hon; Thomas B. Florence
Having stated it verbally to you, I have no hesita
tion in writing-AU fact that I experienced marked
benefit.from your Hoofiand's German Bitters. Dur
ing a long and tedious session of Congress, pressing
and onerous duties nearly prostrated me. A kind
friend suggested the use-of the preparation I have
named. I took his advice, and the result was imr
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particular relief I so much needed and obtained.
Others may be similarly advantaged if they desire to
be. Truly, your friend,
THOMAS B. FLORENCE.
631 Arch, Street, Philadelphia.
For sale throughout the 'Country by Druggists.
octl7-Iyeow
E. D. FENDALL
Levi G. Brerc.
WARREN RANDOLPIE,
Germantown, Pa
WASHINGTON, January Ist, 1864
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,.
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AT V' WHILL.DIDT, President.
GEO. NIIGENT,ITiee-President.
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A. A. LOW, A. A. Low & Bros. 31 Burling Slip, N. Y.
I. li, FROTHINGHAId, Preat , .
Union Trust Co., N. Y.
J. S. T. STRANAHAN , Prest. Atlantic Dock Co.
THOS. MESSENGEB„ .Prest.
_Brooklyn Bank.
SAMUEL SMITH, Ex Mayor city of ebrailyn.- -
HENRY E. PEERREPONT, 1 Pierrepont Place, Brooklyn.
A. B. BAYLM, Broker, New York.
PETER 0. CORNELL, Merchant, 80 Wall street, N. Y.
WALTER 8. GRlFFlTH,President, Brooklyn.
JNO. D. COCKS, Prest. Atlantic Ins. Co.
H. B. CLAFLIN, H B. Clatlin & Co , 140 Church street, N. K.
B. B. CRITTENDEN. S. B. Chittenden & Co., N. Y.
I. E. SOUTHWORTH, Prost. Atlantic Bank, N. Y.
C. DUNNING, Sec. South Brooklyn Sayings Institution.
JNO. G. BERGEN, Police Commissioner.
LEWIS ROBE tag, L. Roberts & Co., 17 South street, N. Y.
JOHN T. MARTIN, 28 Pierrepont street, Brooklyn.
JOHN HALSEY, Haight, Halsey & Co., New York.
THOS. CARLTON, Methodist Book Rooms, N. Y.
HAROLD DOLLNER, Dollner o Potter Co., N.
A. B. CAPWELL, Attorney and Counsellor, N. Y.
NEHEMIAH KNIGHT, Hoyt, Sprague & Co., New York.
EDWARD A. LAMBERT, Merchant, 45 John street, N.Y.
JAHEsHew, Prest Union White Lead Co., Brooklyn.
L. B. WYbLAN Merchant, 38 Singing Slip, New York.
GEO. A. JARViS, Prest. Lenox Fire Ins. Co., New York.
S. E. HOWARD. Howard, Sanger A . Co., New York.
GEO. S. STEPHENSON, Importer, 49r South Street, New York
CHAS. A. TOWNSEND, Merchant, New York.
.TOS. W. GREENE, J. W. Greene & Co., N. Y.
RUFUS S. GRAVE_ ,8 63 Wall street, New York.
J. W. FROTHINGHAM, Frothinghain & Baylis, N. Y.
EDWARD D. DELANO, New York. ,
B. LEWIS, Jr- Valentine & Bergen, 'Brooklyn.
AGENTS IN PHILLDELPHLA,
ESLER & COLTON, Cor.4th & Library sta.
je&ly Agents Wanted.
GIRARD EIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
FHILADELPxre
CASS ASSETS,
Office; 639 Ger. Chestnut and Seventh
Thos. Craven,. . ' - . ~ S ilae'rerkes, Jr.,
Furman Sheppard, Alfred El- Gillett,
Thee. Mac Kellar, .• . N. S. Lawrence,
ano. Supplee, Chas. I. Dupont,
Jno. W. Glaghorn,7 ' -. ' Henry F. Kenney,
Joeeph Klapp, M. D.
Income for the year 1866,
Losses paid and accrued,
THOMAS CRAVEN, President
ALFRED B. GILIMPP; Me-President.
JAS. B. ALVORD, Secretary
STRICT ECONOMY
,IN MANAGEMENT.
PROVIDENT LIFE .AND TRUST CO.
OF PIIZLA_DEMPILTA.
OFFICE No.. 111 SOUTH FOURTH STREET
Centmenced businees 7th mo. 24,1885.
Organized to extend the benefits of Life Insurance among member
of the Society of Friends. All good risksof whatever denomination
solicited.
HOWLAIM PARRY, SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY,
Actuary. President.
WIT.LI kit .lONGSTRETH, Vice-President.
THOMAS WISTAR, M.D., J. B. TOWERED,
Medical -Examiner. Legal Adviser.
The Company,. In addition to the security arising from the a cc
ululation of premiums, gives the insured the advantage of an actual
paid lip capital. Ali the profits of the Insurance are divided among the
insured.
Life Policies and Endowments in all the most approved forms
Annuities granted on favorable terms. fe2B-ly
OGELSBY & HODGE,
PLUMBERS, GAS AND STEAM FITTERS,
No. 4 South Seventh Street,
G- A. OGRLSBY,
etta Iltainitlit Of all - kin& 'tarnished. Comte"' work p rompt
attended to. 6.11 work warranted. Apr 23
William J. Howard,
Henry H. Bennett,
Isaac Hazlehmet,
George W Hill,
John. H..Cheetntit,
John Wanamaker.
. 6200,000
Streets.
DIRECTORS
$103,95472
47,004 00
PRILADSLXHIA.
J. M. HODGE