Dud fongmg. BUTTER MAKING AND BUTTER EATING. [A Debate in the New York "American Farmers' Institute Club," Sept. 24.] Bad Butter.—Mrs. D. Wood, Venice, N. Y., stated that there is more poor butter this year than common. Not one farmer in ten h as a, suitable place to • set milk. Most pantries are too damp. Then there is not sufficient care in skimming the milk. 'A (rood milk-house is indispensable. An ice house is important Rimy farmers waste t i me enough every year to build, an ice house. No woman, however neat and care- NI, can make good butter in warm weather without a proper place to set the milk. To this must be added due attention to skim ming the milk. Dr. TRlbillai—ln the Philadelphia market, there is a qualityof butter which commands double price. They who make it always have spring-houses. In building bariis and houses for the farm, the spring is the 'com mander of the situation. Frequently more attention is paid to the: spring-house than to any other structure, and I..have seen such twenty or thirty feet long: The floor. is paved, or it may be of gravel, Over which . the water runs a few inches deep, and in this the milk is set. The temperature being. always the same, probably about 39 degres, the questions about skimming the. milk and churning are of secondary iniportance. They, who have these spring-houses'haie culty in making good batten , -• Dr. HALLEak..—.[ agree with Dr:Trimble. The grass of this country..is eotnpetent : to make better butter than is produced. going to market, we have to taste, and taste, to hesitate, and to reject, and at last We'do not get good batter. At the - back of all this, is a great cause, not often , taken into ! account, it is the deplorable, ignorance of the people. I remember staying over night at the horse of a farmer - in Herkimer County, who had abundant means, and I lodged in a poor apartment where there: were no con veniences for washing in the morning, and all other things were equally inconvenientand rough. Farmers must be elevated from this condition, and they and their wives;and sons, and daughters must - be galvanized'hy this Club, that they may have a realizing sense of their poverty, :und.of what, consti tutes wealth and enjoyment. Mr. DisTzaNst—The farmer in this 'coun try is a dung-hill fowl, in comparison with' what he ought to 'be: . N. C. AikEK.ER-I know that Philadelphia butter is celebrated.. There is a port of a ring of farmers who command high prices for their butter, and others strive for years, taking the greatest 'pains; to get into this ring, and when they attain thiS object it is said they make their fortune. Their butter goes only into particular families, whom they supply year after year. The utmost cleanliness, even to fastidiousness, is prac ticed, and when the butter is taken to•the city home, it is handled with the same care they would handle a keg of ,gold. In Balti r . more there is the same condition. There, this first-class butt& Intingt a dollar a pound. Now, Pennsylvania is very largeoState,' and it abounds in spiings, but :the butter of that State is never heard of in the markets of the world, like the butter of many counties in the State of New-York, and of the Ohio Western Reserve. I have eaten that Philadelphia butter, however difficult it may be to got a taste of it, and confess it is very good, though there is a taste of its firin g washed in water. But it is destitute of that crisp, sprightly flavor which comes from the fine blue grass-pastures• of higher latitudes. "Philadelphia Butter," it seems to me, is more esteemed because bad butter there is so common. Mr. DISTERNEIr--A gentleman in this city who had fine tastes and ample means, sent to Philadelphia for some of their choicest butter. He succeeded in getting a small quantity, but on trial, it was found inferior to the same grade from Orange County. Mr. SMITH, Westfield, Mass.—Up our way when we look for butter we look first for cows. Some cows make butter that nobody (qui eat. Others will make.good butter, and would seem as though it made little dif forenoe where the Milk was set; 4hile the stirring of the cream with a spoon for Ave minutes would bring butter., Mr. LAwToN—The difference in the qitali ty of milk in different cows is extraordinary. Some milk yields double the quantity of butter from 'double the amount of milk of other cows. The feed has little to do with it. For cows to furnish milk for the city, all that is required is quantity. For family use, I would advise every one to be very particu lar to get cows giving rich milk. Still, it is important that there should be a vt - triety of good feed. This holds true with regard to the food of human beings. In one part of Scotland where the food was the same con stantly, th© people became imbecile. Some kinds of food are required for the nourish ment of the brain; other kinds for different parts of the body; for one will not answer tor all. Dr. J. C. V. SMITH—Some years ago I was kquainted with the fact of a farmer having a large quantity of bones which he could »ot pulverize, and he put them on one. part of a pasture; there the grass, after a time, grew most prodigiously, and the cows pre ferred feeding on it; when put in other lots, where the feed was good, they fell away. People who eat much butter have better teeth than those who eat less. It is the phosphate of lime, or phosphOric acid, which develops the teeth. Accordin g . to statistics t wenty millions of teeth are drawn by the dentists of our country every year because 1•" ogle do not eat food which contains enough phosphate of lime, and which is contained in butter and in :unbolted wheat bread. This at a cost of 4620,000,009, or-one dollar a tooth. Dr. HALLzox—To produce a refined and THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1867. acute mentality, on poor food, is impossible. Nature refuses to honor the draft. A few years ago I was connected with the removal of a grave-yard in a rough country, where the labor required to support life from the soil was very great. The bones of the body were immense, showing that they had re ceived their development in the struggle for subsistence; but the crania were small, and by holding a candle on the outside and look ing in, the light showed a thin place at the base of the skull, where there had been full activity in the devotion required to preserve animal . life.- In the region of the intellectual and higher qualities, all was dark. That gospel written long before, still was read showing indisputably that the nature of the soil And the habits of the people will be in dicated in their anatomy. • Afterward, when the country was improved, and there were manufa,etures, and when wealth had ricetim-' ula,,ted by which - means bread WaeoAeoureci with less effort, I had anoppoituni*Aetex...-. amine the, skulls of later generation „a+hen, I found that the bones of the body were och smaller and the crania one-third larg . p it .- Here, on holding candle and it 'was dark at the base of the skull, and light glimmered in the region of the intel, !equal and moral, faculties. The anatomy of man reqnires the best that the two king- . dorns of the .animal and vegetable can pro- , duce; 'the 'choicest of fruit and the very. best of meat. 1143 can rise high above, the soil : on which he,atands. What makes good land ?• It is.gopd and Abundant,grass. Re form mint -commence at ,the foundation which is 'in farniihg and fruit gi owing, And in all 'departments of useftil industry. Iu vain are all oar efforts at reforin guidess we elevate the great mass °f i ll:an:laity. This world is not done ye,t; creatiot still is going on, and we must help God to 'develop a more perfect world. We must abandot our mentary reforrns. . Dr. JARvis—T his plan. of•building up •re form on the belly is •a doubtful basi,. These doctors may advocate their ideas about teeth and butter as much as they please, but the more they advocate the worse it will be for the doctors: , *children are taught to eat stale .bread and to chew it well. I prefer rye bread: Something may be granted - as to a variety, Of food in ; different stages of life, and in different occupationi3, but to lay a basis that highly.concentrated and choice food is the most proper for making a hardy race, which shall be able to perpetuate it self, and make an impression- on coming ages, is contrary to experience and philoso-. play. But let as not get too far from the sub - pet. There is another thing about cows. It is very important that they have exercise. ;Wile confined, as is too often the ease, both in cities and in dairy barns, with their heads between•stancheons, or in any other uncom fortable positions, diseases are engendered, nor can it be otherwise, for no being is more sensitive, and as this disease must go some where, it finds issue by the milk, and thence is transmitted into our food. Dr. J. C. V. Siurrn--Our friend being „_a. dentist, I , see, wants us to eat bard bread that we' may wear out our teeth that he will have a chance to pull them.— Weekly Tribuge. gtitittittf, SIR SAMUEL BAKER. The correspondent of the New York Tri bune thus speaks of this distinguished tilt: yeller as he appeared at the late meeting of the British Association for the advabeeMent of Science.at Dundee. The Geographical and Ethnological Sec tion, embracing not only narratives of his toric adventure, but also the exhibition of the. adventurers themselves, always pos sesses commanding attractions. The Presi dent, Sir Samuel Bakerovho, as a contro versialist, fights his opponents as he. fights the savages, who obstruct his way in Africa, is a man of fame and valor. lie has lately received knighthood for his splendid adven tures in the Region of the Nile. In the vig or of life, almost as gigantic as Belzoni, with a presence which commands attention, a voice that could be heard across the Nile,. and an eloquence with which few travellers are possessed, Sir Sal:6nel Baker makes, an attractive President. He avowed reluctant ly the _gloomy belief that 'Livingstone is dead. Sir Roderick Murchison said be believ ed the great doctor was alive ; and Sir Sam uel and Sir Roderick both gave the same reason for their belief—" The Mokanna men were such liars." But Sir Samuel remark ed that the Africans were scientific liars. A Mokanna lie was ;work of art, and the construction Of their story implied the.death of Livingstone. The Mokanna, men ought to come over and read a paper at the Asso ciation; on "scientific lying," which would bean addition to the Transactions of Sci ence, and,: considering 'the opposite uses Made by Sir BSker and Sir Murchison of the Mokanna mendacity, it is desirable that they *should contribute a paper on the ties of a lie'as a basis 'of scientific inference. Sir Samuel paid .a noble tribute to Sir Ro derick who has infused such iiitereet into geography that the Royal SocieV now num bers upwards of 2010 members; and he said it *as agonsolation to . 'the dying traveller, who might perish on his lone way, that Sir Roderick would search out his' remains and vindicate his memory. If in danger, Sir Ro derick, if he knew it, would move the na tion to rescue him. As an example of Sir Samuel Baker's oratory, I quote the follow inepassage from his impromptu address: " Columbus achieved - the feat 'that has completely altered the geography of his age by the discovery of America. flow little did be dream that within the Short interval of three, and a half centuries the New World that he had discovered would be able to de fy the Old : that upon the waves which rock edi,he trait eanoes, iron-clads would fly. the s,ta,rsandstripes; that a"yastnation of Chris tian men ,should' spring, from the new soil, and people the' desolatd wastes.; that IhO wilderness should become a garden, and the swamps luxuriant cotttn fields ; that great cities should arise upoik the margin of her rivers; that the slavetshould be rendered free; and that the elfetric spark should speak in the profound depths of the Atlan tic, and hold communication each minute with the West!—that ireary distant West, to which for weeks he lad struggled on to ward unknown shores, f.ost on a boundless ocean, but trusting in ,:.1, Divine guide, who watched over the human instrument that steered onward on the . rand path to civili zation. In the short 3riod of three him dred and.eighty years, small practical por tion of the interval sasligned to the, exist ence of man upon out earth, what vast changes have occurred, not only in , geo graphical discovery, but by its results 1 1 3 America has beeoine a giant, an irresistible power- upon her own , oil, separated'from Europe , by an. ocean, th to renders, her, secure ,frotn. hostile ,aggr essio With, every, varic-. r i, ty of climate from the frigid to, the torrid, zone, with fertile 'Bei boundless' forests, . • , • fnavkgable rivers'of p , digious 'extent, - and i i commodious ports, the future of that won derftg country ratly,,be rognosticated by a comparison ,with the At.. The first steps of a `kotiii„,o• . Ocilony ' are ow an full ' of' diffi culty,' but'if, in three hundred and: . eighty' year's; -America .has a tained, her present high position from an, •tterly,savage,state,,, what, part will that v: t continent assume in the future historx Of :he world?" ASTER The recent discovery, sy Prof. Watson'of the Veiversit'y of kiehi L. n, or anather small` planet' lying between he' orbits of Mars` and j upiter,' ririakea' the 16tal number of • as-' teroide now knoWn 'l3.TliereiS reason' to a believe'that Many blind e of this interest ing iimilY of planets, yet - remain midis! . covered: ThO:labOr o observing . So manyof theee bodies with tb aecuracynecefisary to compute their orbits, las become so great , that 'unlesi very Crier tic steps are taken' by astronoraers, many f 'the smaller ".ones` f w,ill escape their notic,, and again : be` lost. At the, present time t b or three are'mis-, mis sing, and'97ihg to the 'ct that their orbits bad not, been correctly etermined; they will l a probably need to 'be rediscovered when wanted. The method o designating planets by names belonging , the ancient my thology will have to beigiven up should the discovery of ilew a,sterbids continue at the present rate. Already bese 'small 'planets have'been numbered, a , d are better known to astronomers by thei numerical designa tion than by their class o appellations. THE BEAVER. AB At the last meeting 6f 'the American As -1 sociation for the Adva' cement of Science,' L. H. Morgan, Esq., of ochester,:read an interesting paper on 't habits of the bea ver. Having made thi, animal the subject of study for several ye rs,be was able-to give many interesting - cts regarding the extent of their operation . On' the southern shore of Lake Superior, ii Marquette Coun ty,. be foupd remajna, - '; long_ canals wad dams construbted bYthiSii for the purpose of transporting their cuttings, consisting of trunks of trees two or three feet long, from i the place where their es had fallen to their lodges. Some of thee? canals were 300, 400, and even 500 feet lo g. They were gen erally three feet Ivi 43, with an average depth of three feet. - n order to maintain a continuous depth of' ater, they made dams at certain distan6 s, and followed the Chinese plan—to' whom the lock was un known,--of clrawih,g,,th.etr cargo from, one level to another. Mr. Morgan has settled a long-disputed point regarding species. From. a comparison" of 'more than 100 skulls of American , beavers with four or five of "Eu ropean., origin, he is enabled to state that both Classes belong to the same family.. Nairtissztitts. ' 5 , = - go the gadieo. In Has. SugaMAN'B CORSETS, ladies find The laws of Health with Fashion's taste combined; Supporting equally each separate pat;t, - They cramp no action of the lungs-or heart, And no injurious ligature is placed To mar the flexure of the natured waist; Their fit is certain—and what's sure to please,. .. In all positions there is perfect ease, The figures of the young they help to form, Aiding and not repressing.every charm; Irregularities of shape they hide, • So that by none 0831 slight defecti be spied, While e'en a figure, which is understood As being "bad," may shy. their help seem good ; And matrons wearing them a boon will gain, Their early symmetry they'll long retaint:'. ALSO, LARGEST AND, BEST ASSOYFFIKENT OF Ladies', 'Blimps' and Children's SKIRTS - - "In the City, : At Mrs. SIEEIPEAT'S,.. 35 N. Bth., St., Corner . cifint6ert Strvist. seo26.3in- SAMUEL H. FITLTON, STAPLE & FANCY STATIONERY AND CARD ENGRAVING ESTABLISOIEN,T, 1317 Cl3l*ErlIT EtTILEET, or.t.333OPHILADELPHIA. _ . , LOUIS DgEKA, Stationer, Card Engraver and Plate Mutat. 1.033 ,CHEBTNT STR.III7, IN. -ENGINEER: \, \4i ;,.- 7 . 1 - 1 -- F - : ,,, (4 k l 0), , 1 _.,.. T PHILADELPHIA. SMITH & DBEER, TEXTH ..LIVD JIRCH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, FERDINAND J. DEB= THEODORB SMITH HATE ON HAND A FINN ASSORTMENT OF WAYMIRE, JEWELRY, AND SILVER WARE, apr2s-13! Of the, moat fashionable etylee. TO OUR We.take pleasure in announcing to Dealers in Fer tilizers, and the Agricultural public, that we have, within,the past year, increased our facilities for the manufacture of our RAW BONE PHOSPHATE, to an ex tent unequalled by any . other House in the United States or Europe. These facilities not only include the enlargeinent of our old established works in Phila delphia, kno:wn as, the DELAWARE RIVER RIOULTURAL CHEMICAL WORKS, but also the pnrchase of extensive and well stocked works at Chi cago, 111., with, all the necessary machinery, cars, &c., to conduct thebusiness. This establishment alone has piiiduned,' annually; over 5000 tons of dried Bones and Afeat,,andja capable of beingiargely increased. We desire, by the closeit supervision, to conduct theae . two concernsio that, our customers will deriven prac tical' benefiefrom their consolidation, in obtaining 'MANURE which shallmaintain a; standard and, uni forni qualify, and . it the rawest possible price. „• Peruvian Guano Substitute! 4 ., BAD - Cr:EPS. Raw Bone Super-Phosphate of IA me - , BAUGH 85 SONS, Sale roprietors and Manufacturers, Delaware River ChemiCal Works, Philadelphia; and Calumet , , ;-Works, Chicago. , . r Farmers are recommended to purchase of the dealer lecated4irt their,, neighborhood.. In* sections where no dealer is yet established, the Phosphate may tie' pi-insured' directly from the'imderslgded., A Priced Circalei will be sent to all dealers who apply. BAUGH .S 7. SONS* Off* No. 20 S. Delaware Avenue; Philadelphia; arid . 229 Lake Street, Chicago. . BA:UGH BROTHERS•& 0.0.., deneral Wholesale agents, No. 181 Pearl Street, eor ner of. Cedar, New York G'EORGE DUPrDALE, ~Pliolesale-Agent-for Maryland and Virginia, 97 & 105 Smith's Wharf, Baltimore. „, , Der We Rm .- prepared to Supply our Patent Sec tional Mill to all Manufacturers for grinding Bones, Guano and all oCher hard substances. auglb-ant j H. BIIRDSALL'S L I W I LTA n) lellmi I i L . kiALILLI I 1 M I L ISMI I d 1 . -ICE CREAM & DINING SALOONS, No. 1121 Chestnut St.„ abrard Bow, PHILADELPHIA Parties • euppliial- with Ice Creams. Water Um, Roman Punch, Charlotte Ranee, Jellies, Mane Mange, Fency and Wedding Cakes Candy Ornaments, Fruits, Ra , ,Ln JONES, TEMPLE & CO., WHOLESALVAND RETAIL Hat Blanufactu.rers, 29 SOUTH NINTH STREET, FIRST STORE ABOVE OECESTNII myl6-1y COLTON DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 'Originators of the Nitrous , Oxide Gael& the Painless - --Extmotiqn of Teeth. Forty thousand persons have inhaled the gas at our various offices, without an accident •or failure. The names and'residences can be seen at our offices in Philadelphia, : Boston, New York, ,Baltimore, St. Louis, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Louisville. Philadelphia Office, 737 Walnut Street, below Eighth. Come Eo the Headquarters. We never fail. 'SOMETHIN.G NEW! • „ . Send fifty cents for a Specimen Copy, of the beautiful PHOTOGRAPH MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE, Regular retail price, $l.OO. Address RBeHART & CRIDER, Publishers Peb.2l,—ly. , York, Pa. cjlE . :Nr.sg i . uiv-A,_Acms, FaR.III.,TIREACINE7AO....OI.ntS, Respectfully inform onr friends and the public that we have opened an establishment at the above place, where we will manu facture all descriptions of Fine Cabinet Work. Many years' ex perionce in conducting the manufacture of one of the oldest and largest establishments in this city, has given us thend4antageof PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE and SKILL in' ke ART o DESIGNING anCKAITUFACTURING FINE CABINET MORK, on tile ''moat • , Reasonable Tema. , For character and ability, we refer those who may favor ue to the undernigned gentlemen ' ' FARB . , 32iChestnnt Sued. . B.'B. KILT, N. E, corner,ifth and Waln4. W. -X.M8R0011,.1925 Eheetnat Street., B1.11K;E:NBINE; 35th and Bearing, W. P. TECIMAk POTTER, 220 Arch Street. JEWELL, 1103 vine street. TIIOMPSON BLACK'S SON & CO„ BROAD AND . CHESTNUT STREETS, DEALERS IN r , C t ,r3lE 4 ri •si c r si s • :‘, r Goode , d ‘ elkirered is any part of the. City, or 'packed.securely for the Country - . PLAIN AND FANCY JOB PRINTER , SANSOM STREET HAI,L. Fine WOrk—Original Style 9. :7 .PASTEST MENU; NEWESt TYPE;'' VILLED WORKMEN. BAUGH & SONS.. 248 8011T3Ii8E001111 STREET, vuiwm AND EVERY 'VARIETY 'OF Orders by mail Will reeeive prompt attention GROVER & BAKER'S HIGHEST PREMIUM ELASTIC STITCH AND LOCK STITCH 'SEWING MACHINES z.sT.Esr IMPROrBArEdrrs. The Grover & Baker S. H. Co. manufacture, in addition to their celebrated GROVER & BAKER STITCH Machines, the most per. fect SHUTTLE or "LOCK. STITCH" Machine in the market, and afford purchasers the opportunity of selecting, after trial and ex amination of both, the one best suited to their wants. Other tont panies manufacture but one hind of machine each, and cannot ear this opportunity of selection - f6 - titeir customers. A pamphlet, containing samples of both the Grover & Baker Stitch and Shuttle Stitch in various fabrics. with full explanations diagrams, and illustrations, to enable purchasers to examine, test, and their relative merits, will be furnished, on request,from our offices throughout the country. Those who desire machines whirls do the best work, should - notibil-' toainuller a pamphlet, and test and compare these stitches for ehemeetreo. oirlcE,l3o CHESTSTIIT STREET. NATIONAL BANK. OF- THE . .REPUBLIC 809 and 811 Chestnut Street , • PHILADELPHIA. • Capital ; $1,000,000. Fully Pai& -'• DIRECTORS: JOSEPH T. BAILEY, Of Bailey & Co., Jewelers. EDWARD. B. ORE IC Of J. F. & E. B. Orne, Dealers in Carpetings. NATHAN lIILLES, President of the Second National Bank. WILLIAM ERVIEN, • • ' - Of Myers & &mien, Flour Factors. OSOOOD. WELSH, • • • • • „ •Of 5.,& W. Welsh, Counnisidon,3ierchents. BENJAMIN ROW LAND, Jr.', , - Of B. liowhuid,'Jr.,'& Bro., Coal Merchants. SAMUEL A. BISPHAM. Of Samuel & Sons, Wholesile Grocers. WILLIAM A. BRAWN, ... • • ' Late aishier'of the Centi.al Nitional Bank. FREDERICK A. HOYT, - • • Of F. A. Hoyt & Brother, Clothiers. • • - PRESIDENT, - ' WILLIAM , RHAWN. • CASHIER, JOSEPH P. KNYEFO.R.D. , 'JAMES MOORE, COAL - DTALER. Eagle Vein, Shamokin , and other Coals, From the most approved Mines, constantly kept on hand. YARD, 747 SOUTH BROAD STREET. Orders left at 91S PINE STREET, or N: W, CORNER of TENTH and WII,ARTON STREETS, promptly attended to. SMYTH ADAIR, Practrical Mutiiinfactureri of S 17 _P _E .R I-0 1? SILVER-PLATED WARE, FACTORY AND SALES ROOMS, No. 35 -South Third Street, Up Stairs, _ • . • _1126 Chestnut Street, Second Floor. 1004-17 G. J3YRON MORSE, French Confectioner LADIES' AND G 01 REFECTORY. 902 and 904 Arch Bract, Phila Breakfast, Dinner, and Tea served in the very best manner. Polite and prompt attention given to all who may , favor us with their patronage. FRANCIS NEWLAND & SON, DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF . Paper Hangings, No. 52 North Ninth, Street, ONE DOOR BELOW ARCH. ST., mar2B.4in PIITLADELPHIA. ELWELL'S REFECTORY ICE CREAM . sALooNa 727 and 729 Arch Street. Parties and. Weddings famished. Ornamental Con feetionary, Pyraniicts, &0., -made tnorder. Philadelphia G. BYRON MORSE R. J. M. WHITESIDE