Biortitaitinits.
MINISTERIAL OULTURE.
BY PROF. AUSTIN PHELPS, D. D
Ti' following is the substance of an address delivered to
, envir
c Class in the Andover Theolo, , ienl Seminary,
,
1:107, at the close of the Annual Lectures on Sa
cred Rhetoric:
This, Gentlemen, completes the COurSes of
Homiletavic Lectures,' the delivery 'of '*hidli
you he made a pleasure to me by the
kindness of your attention to them. lam
constrained by certain convictions which
ar e often a burden, to me, to add a few
words of comment upon the general drift,
of the instructions;to which you have lis
tened, and the spirit in which they should
be applied to your life's work.
My treatment of the theory of preaching
h a s grown up in a course of years, on that
model of homiletic teaching which the Cal
vinistic mind has generally held to be essen
tial to the training of a preacher. The
ideal of a preacher which I have uniformly
hail in view, is that of. a scholar using ~his
scholarship with the, 'sin* of an orutoir•;. L l
have spoken to a group of scholarly hear
ers; and have ail:tied' td help you t6.4t, more
enlarged growth, of scholarly culture. Ido
this every year, with an ,incres,sing„convic
tin that, as it respects intellectual prepar
ation for the ptilpit, ftlio hikh Calvinistic
ideal of a preacher is, the tnie„oisie: t -
At the same time, I fOUtidaliMiside of.this
conviction, another whiCh isalsO deepening
with years. I. have tried, various' part's
of these lectures, to give you a hint of it in
the way of warning: It is, that our , Pro
testant denominations are motin all respects using
this theory of high culture in 'the ; ministry in a
Christian way. Soniehow or other, it is , net,
working altogether right in praetice. Taeknow
ledge some alarm at the , prospect before tis,if the
present drift of things, in one respect, is not ar
rested. A scholarly :ministry] taken as a whole,
we must confess, is working , away from the un-
Aolarly masses of the peopte::' , 'Perhaps it would
seem more strictlir accurate to say that the un
scholarly masses' id Any - from it. But
practically this makes no difference. The minis
try is in its coneeption,iaggresWe, uokurbeptive.
The commission is, "Go"—not "Wait."
You have heard front tiye-witnesses,ifig dip re
lations of the masses to' the phlpit, in Elle' Pro
testant portions of Continental Europe... In Grpat
Britain, the fact' is atiAeliiig More' atteann
every year, that the clergy and people are . drift:
in , asunder; and I repeat, it
,makes,no difference
which is anchored, Utile othr is moving. The
religious Press of Enl.-dand,„and spntland emalesses
the sundering. Infidel! entice
All parties discuss it, as a fact which no candid
mail will dispute. Reformers and Statesmenare
lookin , c . about them for other, agencies, tillantAbose
of the Church and the Pulpit ) to elevate .the'.de
graded and control the "dangerous" classes. Is
it not an ominous event, that,, in a country which
Christianity hai civilized for 'a thousand years,
vast masses of 'society should be..so viot : aAcl,
so brutal as to berol44Asifted
by that title "dangerous?" They are no longer
thought of by statesmen, as objects of hope,
scarcely even of eonapassion„ but IsiMply„as
threat hanging over the safety of the rest. They
are given up to the police. .
In our own' country, with the advantage's of
cur voluntary system in the support of the Gos
pel, the same widening of the . distance between
the Protestant ministry and the masses is palpa
ble. Politicians accept the fact, and act upon it.
The secular press, to a great extent, treats it flip-
Meanwh ire; ivluit .01.6.0ur' churches d
ministry doing.about it? 31,uch that is cheering,
but somewhat that is n'ot so.
In the Episcopal .Claurehitit is fre4uently
claimed as the mission, peculiar to that branch
of the Church, to reach the cultivated strata of
society. ,
Eoiseop.il wisdom charges upon churches of
Puritan origin, that, they have in them the, e.le- '
ments of low life.; flat' their historical antece•
plants are not respectable.; that their founders
were low-born and low-bred; that their social
affinities are not those of culture and refinement;
and that therefore a reaction from them is period
ically inevitable ' in the direetion'of the .Episcopate
and the Prayer Book. From such argument for
Episcopacy, one might reasonably infer that the
chief glory of a church is.to gather to its bosom
the elite of cultivated life; to
,administcy to . the
masses by churchly authority.`rather than wby
sympathy; and to rescue from low-bred sects,
die "Martyrs of Disgust'.''
Yet in our 'own churches and 'in the 'whole
Presbyterian group, the present., drift of things
is, not altogether, but to a eonsiderahle extent ;
in the same direction, .. The undercurrent may
still be right in the main, but many of the sur
face-currents, and certain local currents are not
i(). Our tastes in architecture; our ,craving. for
artistic music; lit Herne cases at -hankering koi
liturgies ; worldly views of what constitutes
min
isterial success; atUt IA" orei,:than ,alt!elS,e,' prin.,
ciple of elective affinity in the gathering of
churches, by which identity of social rank 'is'
made to mark practically the-outline of, Oturolt
membership, and still Viere- sharply- that .-Of
Christian fellowship—are all tending ;the isame
way. It is not difficult to see whither.. More
than one minister, and'' dwelt:4lml Student, alad'
layman, who have abandondd alltirches of Puritan
origin, have confessed to me, that they were f led
to the change, not by 'Convictions of coriicierice,
but by cravings of taste. They wished to release.
themselves or their families from association with
the "low-born and low-bred."
Yet the complaint is universal aniOn,gn,s, tht a
I k . ss proportion of uneducated masses; of A l um:len
lqrtli, is to be found in Calvinistic Churches, than
was fbund there thirty years ago. Christian men
'lre innocently wondering, and inquiring' ) k4Grhy
is this ?" We ars entering. upon an era of expe-,
ritnents for remedying evil. I haie not a,:
word to sar against those experiments.v.- They
limy till be excellent in thlir way. They , are all
'welcome as evidence that golembn are . 1 41 , 1141 .
after the right way. But this fact is observable
hi them thus far: thatA t a 140 extent,- 7 :not en,
t irely—they eithdi'"WafeNthe'elergy - Cut' o6the
question, or wiltitit.klieilwa i ftlijepesitiotk. W,e,
are creatingilitatergiffifiatilltiretayldigniri;
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1867.
bath schools, Mission schools, Mission chapels,
Young Men's Christian Associations, Colporteurs,
Bible readers, etc., to reach the masses of the
people, because of the admitted fact that our pul
pit, as administered to our own wants and tastes,
does not reach them. We are working, in great
part, upon a system which takes it for granted
that our own clergy, in Our own churches, cannot
reach them. In some case, the avowal is whis
pered that we:do, not want to reach them there.
Even in the Methodist churches, the same
complaint begins to be heard. . Recent Metho
dist authorities say that they are losing, in some
degree, their ancient hold upon the lower orders
of the people. They affirm that the spirit of
their denontination Is rising in the 'direction of
refinement,,, of education, of social position, and
pecuniary beneficence;. but they are not lifting
the masses with, them. They are simPly,egaring
overhead. The ideal of an~ educated ministry
being of recent origin in the Methodist Church,
'many earnest` friends of culthre there think they
see that, the work of clerical education is, not
wholly:a gain. ' They acknowledge that, as their
ministers become more 'highly cultivated, their
tendency is to work away from those'Ortions[of
the people which, are'not so;, ','Like seeks
The danger is that nature will outweigh grace.
Their educated preachers and their humble class
es are in perilAkarting-,company, beet,ytfre they
are in peril of lestag, sympat4y. : ,
In view of these facts 1t is'tiol-„strange, if the
whole -question of_ eferinar'editekiihniiindeigoeS
revision. It must not beWondered at, if many
Chirstian layitten infer that .
vation is a destructive one., It is not unnatural
that one of them should .say as he did : "Our
ministers are educated to death ;", or that _ano
ther should write: "They are' so trained as to
make it difficult for the churchei to'pport them
With their expeoslve tastes,;" .or ,that' a third
should believe that "they are; so ,cultivated as to
indispose them to become , qfpdstctr's of .rural
churches;" or that• a fourth'should affirm, that
"they are so made over, by ten years of scholas
tic seclusion, as to wither theli 'sYntpathy
with' the people every. " where. this and
much more is said by .laymen in their conversa
tions and correspondence on the. subject. You
perceive.inklings of it' now and- . then, in the re
ports of publinaseemblies:
I d 9 not endorse these criticisms; far from it.
Indeed, so far as my obserfation goes,. the.-men
who make their'., do not express ,theM,thcir
own personal wants, but what they suppose to be
the wants of.cOhetts , - , .I ; :frve-yetvto find the first
layman, with'intelligence eribugli to' 'Cleve a rea
so'firdilb'-opinbs6. on• such- d-7ttibjebt; Who kWants
anyother than the first, order; of,
thel'akit'Perfeet calture' in the pertin - of s firs own
pastor. Still,' such' criticisms 'thintarn-iir trail;
and they may become Wholly true, unless the
clergy prevent that result, each in his own expe
*nee. The youthful clergy, have, a, special re
sponsibility respecting ,it. Dr. Emmons said that
he never expected to convince a man of any thing
which lie did, not already believe after the age of
forty years. There is less of hyperbole in this,
as applied to educated mind, than , as applied to
the illiterate. -Clerical..mind, especially -after
oFientilive fdti rici-s4l r -stev—ptilytt ; -exererSilig"
there the inthority of a religious` teacher; is apt,
from' that't — time onward, to float on currenrs `of
opinion formed and set during, those years , . The
j unihr ministry; - iherefOre, - thostemambnly4bacre
the' cdrents clerical- practice,' if. they.need
change.
I .w.ish j ,therefore,.to commit these homiletic
discussions to you with the most solemn charge;
that 'yon receive them with' a spirit of practical
good sense' and of practical piety;.
things are, the substance of the whole matter. ,
have tried to proportion the theory Prekeh I
ing
as symnietrically as I could.' Rut in a Thonsand
applications.. of it, you roust-do; the, -,,work of
adjusting its Youmustqualifyrules.
You o must balance principles. You. Inns t ;inter
pretPrecept4 in,the light of circumstances, You
must:judge when it is a use, and when it is an
abuse, of any truth you may have heard here; to
applyitito your, own pract,icei Good senses and
piety shonlds64 pe,your, aPplicatibni of it, as of
all knowledgeiiand'alwayis should so shatoS them,
as to itake'your pulpit:reach the masses of the
people. I tell you frankly, that no .theory of
preaching is worth a farthing, which cannot be
worked practically to that result. No theory of
ministerial culture is either scriptural, or philos
ophical, or sensible, which cannot bridge the gulf
between the clergy and the Masses: The palpit
never can accompliSh its missien'On any such
theory—never. '
„The methods of lay labor,.whiCh are so popular
at present for the evangelizing of the masses, and
which in the main are so hopeful a sign ,of our
times, are defective and will fail, just :so: far=as
they assume to confine,to laymeolth,P44.Y Of TM
soual contact with, the, lower,,ontersyand. tfteptt
the clergy into an upper ,layer of ~
which they shall simply be, I:Teacher:o, to select
hearers, and teachers of teacheri ; reaching the
people only by proxy. No preacher can, afford
that iud of- seclusion,. Such an adjustment of
sovircts,in thObhuich:-.is hieraiehical. The phi
losoph.x of it is 'priestly. It is a return to the
4:1 7 £1 5 5. , ;-,.`of. Nothing
could doom the clergy to a wasted life more fa
tally. If I could be persuaded that the theory
of nainistelial.eulturchich I have tried to re
present to -ftiucOUld result legitimately in any
such drifting asunder of the pulpit and the lower
orders of society, I would abandon the whole of it.
Twould'Orgp it. a47"woliffi'ar4ip;i t . A Preacher
*had better - work , ine ^the -dark ; with nothing but
:mpther.3lit, a quickened, conscience,, and a Saxon
'Bible, to teach him whatlO 'do”, anal how to do it,
than to vault into an aerial ministry, in which
only the upper classes shall know or care any
thing abourn. You had better go and talk
the o grospel;iNt i he Cornish dialect, to those miners
who I ttoldA
nii ltvwitnesses summoned by the com
ttet, d he English Parliament, that they had
"never heard of Mister Jesus Christ in these
iiiiata,rthan to do the work of the Bishop of
London. Mike your ministry reach the people;
t 11,4 bring of pUrest cuiture'lf you, can '-`but
A ‘
reachtae "Q:ple; with elabakatekloctrkneAf po -
ble, but reach the people; with classic speech if it
tench the peldge. The great problem
of life to an educated ministry, is to make their
culture,aßouni - itiste,ail.of„a - , - *zury. Our temp
tatioiis-are i*'al4l "one way mission is all
t f lip„,skther_way,_
4t43N, trilitMicrir r tl
r clergy
need. It is inconceivable to me how any educa
ted man can see relief from our present
dangers, or from any dangers, in that
direction. Ignorance is a remedy for no
thing. So, imperfection of culture is
_always a
misfortune. Some remarks recently made at the
meeting of our General. Asspciation of 3lassachu
setts, suggesting, if correctly reported, reduc-
tion of the term of years in our seminaries, fbr
all students of theology, and hinting at the need
of "recovery" from the influence of the training
in Theological Seminaries,, certainly had not the
wisdom of the serpent. Every truly educated
man knows better. We do not, want inferior cul
ture if we can get any, thing else. The world
will not bear it from us, when it can command
any thing else. Bit we de need consecration of
culture. This is the thing which the world is
blindly craving. We need subjection of the per
sonal tastes which culture creates. We need
contentment utidei the limitations of culture
which the necessities of labor in 'ours profession
demand. Above all, we need faith'in, the Chris
tian ideal of culture, which measures its value
by its use; its dignity
,by,,its: lowlinep; its height
in character by its depth of reach: after souls be
low it. This was ChriWS own Weal 'of culture.
He possessed no other; He respected ,n 9 other ;
He, denotincect : ev.eky other- indst feaftilly: -.Not
an act of`His life, 'not a word from His lips; gives
any evidence that He would have tolerated the
awful anomaly ,of, •clerkal life, din which 'a-'nfan
ministers' placidly in a palatial church,
,to none
but elect and gilded hearers, with ail the 'plia
phe.rnalia of elegance around and, with cul
ture expressed in the voxy'fra,,oratce of the at
mosphere, while "Ave Points,' arid' "136We:ties,"
and "Ann Strddts' are growing up 'unda'red 'for
by any labors of,his, within hetiring rgan;
and his Quartette. " ,
,- - Our guard against the
. perill here indicated;
then, is spiritual asdistinct froM inteilectualin
its nature. The ,cry should be, not "Less intel
lect! ~, bess study"! Less cult . l r,e!" but simply
"Mere heart l' More prayer!''lMore . Ipdliners'sl
More subjection of culture to jthe salvation of
thosew''ho'have little of none of =it !PIT 'Veg'you
to ponder the subject in this' sprit ;. and' td begEn
your ministry., with a . bold rejectiotunf every
thing that implies yOui' personid seclusion. from
the poor and the ignorant claisde 'Eteject
every ,theory, of preaching, whi..ch cphteinplateS
that seclusion,as a necessity. Rectify .the,propor
tions,of any theory ; which though true in 'its
parts,, yet as a whole blocks your way to the
hearts of the peOPle., Prune down' any theory,h
whiCh for reasons yet unknow to . you, you : , can
not work to advantage, so as to• make your way
to the people's, hearts Stretch your theory to
the facts,of your life's work, be they what they
may. dold, no theory for a day, which: is not
elastic enough.to compass the necessities.of.your
position.' I ha;v . ef failed in my • endeavors to help
you, if you. have Rrived 'froth my words any such
' -
theory.
Esteem no institutions sacred which set you
above and aloof from the commonality. Revere
no clerical usages, no' laws of'etignette, no gdards
of your 'reputation, no` Vroprieta.4y ,cla.itns, which
require you to hold back - ffoth j'erso4 'labor.
- with rile numbret - t - Of - the - fniiSt - gnity., . Yield to
no churchly sentiments, or whispered arrange
ments, or tacit understandin g s, or'unuttered ilis
gusts through which churchesshall be Fathered
by the law of social affiinity, instead 'of the law
,y, _
of benevolence; so that their pastors cannot get
at the po9r and the degraded, because there, are
none such within hearing. Refuse to be pastors
of such ebnirchea,*if they insist upon their exclu
siveness. Accept rather the calls of the 'low-born
and low-bred." ..Let.it be said of you: "This
man - eateth: with publicans and' sinners." Re
fuse to be tempted by churches in whieh pageantry
of architecture, pomp Or worship, operatic music,
patrician caste,
,surnituous dress,'and other forms
of unchristian luxury wilt conspire against you,
making it Impossible for , the poor to be there' if
they would, and making them unwilling to be
there if they could. The man was never borne
who could long carry the 'load of such .a church
as that, with a Christ-like love of souls iu his
heart.—Congregationalist' and Recorder: •
SEWIVG MACHINES AT THE PARIS - RXHIBITHEN
"There seems to be considerable contradictiba
among the-,successful exliibitors as. to the awards
made in this dePartment.. .The recipients-of the
two gold medals severally advertise that theirs is the
only medal, thus contradicting each other, while all
the other prize-holders concur that no gold ,medal
was awarded,. to -any s-wing machine whatever.
Happtly, it is net . our duty , to decide this knotty
questibn g but, be it as it may t the Grover and Baker
sewint. 4 machines . have received Oa ; very-Highest
prize -+above •a'l medals—their regresentOve in
Paris having been decorated by the'Errippror with
the Cres,a of the:Legioner
Weqffid the above in one of our .Egglisli ex
changes, and transfer it to our coln.Mns.‘fith.satis
faction. It is gratifying to find ,that the Grover &
Baker machine, which stands - 'high at home,
should also receive the highest honor abroad. =When
it is remembered that one thousand Gold Medals
were awarded at the Exposition, and only'onelhun
dred and fifty decOrations,•it will be seen thaCthe
Cross of the Legion of Honer was considered. by' the
judges as a much higher award of merit than the
Gold Medal. ..Ne.other SeWing'Machine 'at theYE.,x
position received this'clistinctioh,ishe'viing that, in
the opinion of His :ImPerial Majesty, .and :the
judges, no other was equally,4Serying.
.This. award
places the Grover 4 Baker machine, Oat in Order on
the official catalogue : of the .Exposition, first
in.the estimation of the public, oil both sides of the
Atlantic.—/ 1 / 4 1 . Y Arxpress. . •• . •:-,
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issued in 3 vols., 18mo., price $3. Postage, 52 cents.
The two yo4unes of the .141 d, Testampgt T will
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I O,.EL I El
•i', 'FfN 013 R P 0.11 ATE D 1864.
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IN PRESS:—TO BE ISSUED OCT. 10,
FOB. SABBATH SCHOOLS.
Beggars of Holland and Grandees of Spain.
By Rev John W. Mears, D.D. 477 pp., Dim , .
Eight Illustrations-and a Map. • $1.60
A history of the Reformation in the Netherlands, il
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In this tale the author contrasts simple, Christian
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so debasing to society. It-is designed for yOung la
dies and their parents.
Shoe-binders of New York.
By Mrs.. J: McNair Wright. 237 pp., l6mo. Three
Illustrations. , . 1.00
A thrilling picture of low life 'in New York City, il
luminated by the loving labors of a Christian woman.
It is shown that there it a power in the love of Christ,
borne to the degraded, to raise them out of the depths
'of sin into holier walk.
Weak.neis and Strength; or, Out of the
Deep: ,
By
By the Alithor of "Peep at Eaton Parsonage," &c.,
&C: 295 pp.;'lBmo. Four Illustrations. .85
This is a:narrative that Will chain attention. The
thought is made real that human strength is unequal
to the reform of the life, that it is - weakness,.and that
God's strength is-equal to the work..
Ancient Cities •and Einpires; Their Pro
, phetic Doom.
See description below. A book that should have a
place in every library for Bilde classes and older pu
pils of the Sabbath-school.
STANDARD AND MISCELLANEOUS
Ancient Cities and Empikes; Their Pro
. phetic Doom. •
By E. H. Gillett, D.D., Author of "Life and Times
of John Huss," " History. of .the Presbyterian
Church," "England Two Hundred Years Ago,"
." Life Lessons," &c. Twenty-two Illustrations.
302 pp., 12in0.; . 1.75
. .
Keith Z),; the Prop h ecies good work for the
truth, but modern.research has opened rich stores of
information then unknown, and a new book on the
fulfilment of prophecy is called for. Such a book is
this, enriched from many Modern books of travel, and
fully illustrated by wood cuts.
Future Puitishment.
l3y'tlie. late Moses Stuart. 225 pp., 16mo. .90
An examination of all the .passages in the New Tes
tament in which terms relating'to Future Punishment
occur; including the 'kindred Hebrew words of the
Old Testament. This work is one of great value, and
being entirely out of 'print has been reproduced. It
will' be foundvaluable .by the popular reader'its well
as by the scholar.
Life Lessons in the 'School ,of Christian
Duty. ,
By E. H. Gillett, D.D., author. or "Ancient Cities
and Empires," "Life and Times of John Huss,"
&c. 407. pp., 12mo. ; 1.50
A.new edition of an already, popular,book, now first
issued by the Presbyterian Publication Committee.
Parental Training.
By Rev. lYilliam Bacon.. 209 pp., 16mo. 60 cts.
This book was antiounc'ell, on, our April list; but an
now in press:
What Then? or, The . Soul's To-morrow.
128 pp., large B2mo. Flexible muslin.
By the same author as "Life Lessons," 'and, like
that book, now issued in a second' bdition.
Elliptic Hook,
LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINE
MANUFACTURED' BY
Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co.
Embraces - alll the attachments of their ,other well-knoWn Ma
chine, with many peculiar to itself, and in all the requirements
of a _ _ .
Family 'SeOtrui
Is the , most pmfeet of . any ,in use
The following exitract from the report of the Committee on Sew
ing Machines at the New York State' pair, 1866; dives a condensed
statement of the merits and excellencies claimed for this machine:
"WE, the - Committee on Sewing-Machines, after a careful and
thorough investigation into the respective merits of the various
machines submitted for examination, find the Elliptic lock-Stitch
Sewing Machine to be sup'eribt to all others in the following points,
namely :
Simplicity, and Thoroughness of Mechanical. Construction.
Ease of Operation and Manage,aent.
Noiselessness and Rapidity of Movement. •
Beauty, Strength. and alastiditrof Stitch.•
Variety and Perfection of Attachment, and Range of 'Work.
Compactness and Beauty of Model and Pinisb.•
Adaptation to material of any thickness, by an Adjustable Feed-
Bar, and in the
Unequalled Precision with which it executes the Lock-Stitch, by
means of the Elliptic Hook: and we therefore award it the FIRST
PREMIUM, BS the
BEST FAMILY SEWING-MACHINE,
and also, for the above reasons, the FIRST PREMIUM as the
BEST - DOUBLE.THREAD SEWING-MACHINE."
C. E. P 4TERS, HECTOR MOITATT, Committee.
Agents wanted wherever not already established. Send for cir
cular to KEEN & WALRIALEY,
General Agents for Elliptic Sewing , Maehine Co.,
E'er Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey
may2-ly 920 Arch Stieet, Philadelphia.
MIL IL MORGAN'S
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY
*GILT. FRAME' MANUFACTORY,
Noe. 142 and 144 , North Ninth St" Philadelphia
Photo-itiniatures executed'in a superior style, at very low prices
SKYLIGHT ON GROUND FLOOR.
l -All styles of Frames on hand ur manufactured at short notice
. & .
~.
A s,
IMPORTERS, *241
illS s „ 4 44 1 ,.., A pi:
"la CtUrerB & 1113..
.1* While and Red Check
zle k
far bet
This season we offer a large, raided and well selected Stock
at redaded prices.
No. 43 Strawberry Street,
First. Street west of Second,
IMILADELPHIIek.