egtropmartitrt.
OUR SPECIAL EUROPEAN CORRESPON
DENT,
ONE THOUSAND MILES AT SEA, STEA
MER CITY OF BOSTON, May 28, '67.
DEAR EDITOR:—" I'm afloat! I'm afloat!"
ploughing my way over the Atlantic in this good
steamer, and, as I judge four-fifths of your read
ers have never been to sea, I will write what I
see around me for their especial benefit.
We left New York on Saturday last, at noon.
The, steamer was crowded with the passengers
and their friends who were bidding them adieu.
At a quarter before twelve the signal bell was
sounded, the friends went ashore, and soon we
were gliding out into the stream. For five min
utes the white handkerchiefs waved from the
piei and from the steamer, and then we were
done with adieus. :The beautiful bay of New
York, with its handsome villas and its frowning
fortresses formed a fine panorama on so bright a
day.. We soon found that we were on a fast
steamer, for we had already passed two steamers
that sailed at the same hour we did, and were
rapidly gaining on two others. The steamer
England, bound to Liverpool, the Guiding Star,
to London, and two others bound to Atlantic
ports, were passed in fine style before we got to
Sandy Hook, giving us presage of a quick pass
age.
Soon our engine was stopped, and our pilot, a
tough-looking-little man, who had been peering
out over the ocean with his large opera, or rather
field glasses, slipped down a ladder over the side
of the vessel, and was received into a little boat,
that had shot out from a pretty little schooner
painted bright green, with a large figure 9 on its
sail, which had been watching for him. A num
ber of letters were gent •ashore by him, contain
ing last farewells to friends at home. The last
link connecting us with our dear America was
severed. Now for watching the receding shore.
Away to the north-east stretches the low shore of
Long Island. Behind us was the Jersey coast;
in front and to the right of us the boundless At
lantic. But now comes a blank—we saw no re
ceding shore,—took no last glimpses of our dear
old land—no,• no; the next twenty-four hours
were spent in " settling accounts" with old Nep
tune. lie demands tolls from, all landsmen, who
venture upon his domain, and we took the advice
of our pastor (who had been this way before) and
quietly retired to our berths, kept our eyes shut,
and suffered much less than we had anticipated.
MONDAY, JUNE 3.-2700 _Miles at Sea.—We
are now within 200 miles of the Irish coast,
steaming rapidly over this broad Atlantic. It is
smooth as a lake—a bright sun is shining—a
vast waste of water far as the eye can reach—sea
meeting sky in an immense circle around us—a
snow-white breasted gull flaps its broad wings
careering around ns; but nought else is seen out
side of our ship, save the quiet piles of white
clouds dreamily watching us from all around the
horizon.
An hour or two ago we exchanged signals with
the steamer Persia, steaming at a rapid rate to
the west. Very soon hull down, two little lines
against the sky, (her masts,) anti then lost to
sight.
But stop—our voyage has not all been of this
" summer day on a mill pond" fashion. On Wed
nesday last a fine breeze from the north-west was
driving our vessel at a rapid rate. The waves
were crowned with glorious white caps, and they
seemed to be running higher as we sat and
watched them. The ship was rocking gaily, the
southern side of it rising and falling as much as
12 or 15 feet at every roll. The scene was ex
hilarating in the extreme. We read the 107th
Psalm, and judged the writer had certainly been
to sea and had seen what we were seeing then,
though probably not from the deck of an iron
built screw steamer of 350 horse power.
Presently a report like a gun was heard; the
topmost sail on the foremast was torn from' its
fastenings and was cracking away wildly, 100 feet
above us. The gale was evidently increasing, and
the passengers began to retire from the deck,
taking the opportunity to get towards the stair
way as the vessel righted, for the deck was as
steep as the roof of a house at every roll.
The rolling became so severe that we were soon
driven to our state-rooms, and 0 horror of her-.
rors! there we lay for 48 long hours—sea-sick,
helpless, cold—unable t:s. raise a hand to our
head—vessel pitching so severely all night and
all the next day that our limbs were made sore
from merely bracing ourselves in our berths to
keep from being thrown out into the floor. The
doctor sick, almost every passenger also—out of
150 cabin passengers, only 10 up to dinner on
Thursday. I thought I would have paid $lOOO
in gold willingly, just fir the privilege of being
sick in my own home, where I would not be
rolled to death, and where I could be waited on.
A good friend, however, a merchant from Bal
timore, who never gets sea-sick (happy man,)
guessed how forlorn we were, and put his head
into the state-room door with, "Can I do any
thing for you ?". He seemed like an angel sent
to despairing souls—and we were better able to
endure the horrdr. All Friday we had a very
rough sea, and not until late in the day could we
leave our berths, and then crawled upon the deck
amongst forty others, looking as badly as we did
ourselves. All day Saturday so weak, so unable
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1867.
to digest any food that we looked and felt as
though we had just come out of a month's spell
of sickness. So severe and so long continued a
blow, is seldom experienced at this season of the
year. Some who have crossed in December, tell
us they never saw the like. To be caught in it
makes one pay a high price for sight-seeing in
Europe, far higher than we had bargained for.
To-day, Monday, we have come up to our full ap
petites and are enjoying the delightful view and
fine, invigorating air, just as though.there never
had been such
.a thing as sea sickness.
We have just read the 107th Psalm again, from
the 23 to the 30th verses, and we feel how ver
dant we were, when we read it on Wednesday
morning last, before the storm.
But enough of sea sickness—the thought makes
us shudder.
Would you believe it, we have had birds flying
about us all the way across the ocean? Whole
troops of Mother Carey's chickens—out 1500
miles from land—where do they rest ? To-day
we saw 40 or 50 gulls merrily rocking on a wave.
The chickens rest on the water in the same way.
They are smaller than a pidgeon—the gulls con
siderably larger.
During a day we seldom see more than one or
two vessels—not a dozen, as we had anticipated.
The time is passed by the passengers reading, or
conversing together on the deck. In the eve
ning many sit down in the dining saloon and
drink and eat together until 11 o'clock, when the
lights are put out.
Our company is, composed of representatives of
our own continent, from Canada to Oregon. and
from Central America to New York; also of
Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany.
Among so many foreigners, there is much wine
drinking—more at dinner in our cabin, than I
ever saw among the same number in any of our
hotels or at our watering places.
We are favored by the presence of the Arch
bishop of San Francisco, the Bishop of Detroit,
and five priests. The Archbishop is a little,
spare man, who spends most of his time over his
books: The Bishop is a fat, jolly, " Dutch" look
ing man, weighing about 300 pounds, who enjoys
a joke and a glass of champagne hugely. The
priests are very retiring, and I have never seen
them converse with the Bishops nor the Bishops
with each other. Coming from such widely sep
arate districts, and going together to the great
convocation at Rome, I thought they would have
church matters to talk over that would keep them
busy as our ministers so generally are, when they
meet at Synod or General Assembly and occupy
half the night and all day in conversation.
The Bishops wear each a very handsome ring
on the third finger of the right hand, and the
Bishop of Detroit a handsome $5OO gold chain.
By the way, I wish I could be in 'Rome at the
time of the grand convocation of Bishops, June
29th. I bear credentials, you know, from our
Young Men's Christian Association, and the Pope
might allow me to represent their interests at this
convocation.
Yesterday was a beautiful Sabbath. At 10i
o'clock the ship's bell tolled, and about 100 of
the passengers, with some of the tars, well dressed
and neat looking, assembled in the cabin to hear
the captain read the prayers of the Church of
England. Prayer-books and Bibles were dis
tributed, and the captain, a fine, gentlemanly man,
led off, very solemnly and impressively, the whole
company responding promptly. We could not
kneel, nor was any singing attempted, but the
service was conductedin as impressiveand solemn
manner as I ever saw it done on land. No sermon was
preached, although two or three clergymen were
present. The captain told me he had been refused
so often, that for two years past he never asked
any one to preach, though he would be happy to
hear a sermon if any had proposed to officiate.
We had the Rev. Mr. Kerr, a United Presbyte
rian of Allegheny, whom we found to be a live
man, with his heart in the right place; a rever
end gentleman of Alabama, an Episcopalian,
whose heart is still in the " Lost Cause," and who
expects yet to see the South conquer the North
and still gain her indepenVenee; also a local Bap
tist preacher from New York, with whom I have
not, in my short convalescence, as yet conversed.
So you see, in our heteroge - neous company, we
have some little element of good—probably
enough "salt" to have saved the ship in the
gale of last week.
To-morrow we will be sailing up the Irish
Channel, and in the night will be at the wharf at
Liverpool.
We will try to write again from London, or
perhaps Paris. We hope to meet Rev. E. P.
Hammond in Liverpool on Wednesday. Adieu.
Yours, G. W. M.
P. S.—TUESDAY JUNE 4, 6 P. M.—lrish Sea,
Opposite Holyhead.—Just before dark last eve
ning, a little cloud to the north, about the size of
a large haystack, apeared to be less movable than
the other clouds. Inlay. low down on the hori
zon. Land ! land ! was passed along the deck,
and instantly all eyes were strained toward it.
The steerage passengers soon commenced dancing
for joy, and general delight was felt by every soul
on board. The haystack assumed more substan
tial form, and soon another low cloud, larger,
broader, swelling roundly above the horizon, also
-took solid shape, and as the darkness was fast
oming on, a little solitary light flashed out from
it. The first light-house! We were nearing the
Irish Coast. Rockets were sent up from the
deck, giving, by the color of the stars, the name
of our steamer. A signal light from, shore an
' swered us, and our arrival' was telegraphed to
Liverpool. This morning, at 4 o'clock, we ar
rived off Queenstown Harbor, and transferred
many of our passengers, by a little, dirty, black
British steamer, to the shore. This was our first
view of Europe. The Irish hills looked green
and brilliant in the bright morning sun. The
hedges cutting up the farms into little fields, (no
fences,) the low, white shanties, with here and
there a better house, one Irish lord's summer
residence, the white sails of ships and fishing
boats coming into the harbor, all contributed to
the beauty of my first view of an European shore.
When I actually saw two horses grazing, and half
a dozen sheep in the next lot, I felt happy, as if
meeting old friends, having seen nothing of the
kind since leaving America.
All day we have been steaming up the Irish
Sea. The Wicklow hills were in sight until din
ner; then for two or three hours sea and sky
again; then Snowdon hill, in Wales, the first
glimpse got of England's shore, and now the
beautiful bold promontory of Holyhead is before
me. The setting sun lights up its gray cliffs,
while the bright *hite light-house, near the beach,
forms a fine •contrast with the dark covering of
lichen and mosses which crowns the immense
rocky mound.
A most beautiful picture is Holyhead. It is
the first distinct view we get of Albion's coast.
Would that I could photograph it for you in this
letter, and with it my feelings, as I now gaze upon
it from the deck of our steamer. A curious fact
in the difference of latitude and longitude be
tween this and our home strikes us. It is now 9
o'clock P. M., but so far north are we that it is
still day light and will not be dark for au hour.
Last night we saw the light of the setting sun still
lingering at 11 o'clock.
By my watch, which is still right with Phila
delphia time, it is 4 o'clock in the afternoon,
though 9 o'clock at night by the sun. We have
gained a half hour every day we have been tra
velling toward the sun-rising.
It has been mild and pleasant all day, but now
so cold as to drive us from the deck down to the
cabin. To-night in the Liverpool docks, to
morrow on terra firma in old England.
LETTER FROM AMBROSE.
BAY CITY, May —, 1867
DEAR PRESBYTERIAN :—I do riot know how
it is at the East, but in this Western country
there is a good deal of what we call "progress."
It is not confined to any section, nor to any one
interest. Here at Bay City, for instance, we go
on, very much as C,(hicago did, say from 1843 to
1850. There is a "dimilar stepping from one thing
to another ; the like appearance of new faces in
the town; the like getting up, of individuals in
material prosperity; and the like talk of new en
terprises. A list of incomes has just been pub
lished for the year 1866. There is one report of
$28,000; and several from $lO,OOO to $12,000,
above the $l,OOO allowed. Probably quite a
number of our non-resident proprietors would: re
port much larger ; but these aie residents. They
may seem to be small, in a city like Philadelphia;
but they do very well for a town of eight thou
sand; though I suppose a census of the town, and
its adjuncts, might show as many as ten thou
sand.
Our churches grow with the growth of the
town. The Lutherans are just finishing a build
ing 40 by 70 feet, and a very good one of wood.
The Methodists have lately enlarged; the Bap
tists have built a Sabbath-school room, and are
talking of a brick edifice, to cost $35,000. The
Episcopalians have just enlarged; the German
Methodists are building; and the Presbyterians
are - talking of a lecture room.
This latter Society have given for Home . and
Foreign uses, the last year, about $1,500; be
sides the current expenses, of salary, etc..; and
besides donating their Pastor, since Jan. Ist—not
$3OO, as your correspondent had it—but $5OO.
The present and acting membership of the church
has a little more than doubled within the two
past years. Its Sabbath school has doubled with
in the past year; and its congregation, within the
first named period, has perhaps trebled. The
past winter has not been characterized by any
thing which might be called a revival; though
some havebeen revived.
ORGANIC LAW
Michigan is about to remodel its Constitution,
and the Convention is now in session. One of
the matters to be looked into is the prohibition
of the sale of liquors—distilled, vinous, or brew
ed. Our present Constitution, perhaps you know,
contains a most stringent prohibitory clause of
this sort; but it is a dead letter through the en
tire State—in this region it is a letter twice dead
—and the question returns, whether it is worth
the while to keep a proviSion in the Constitution
which cannot be enforced, and to which there is
not even an attempt to enforce it. There is a
division of opinion on that point, here as else
where, among temperance people.
TRIBULATIONS OT 0. S
The old muddle is on foot yet, in the Old
School, at and about Chicago. Its point of battle
is the Theological Semina7 at that place; but it
really includes the whole matter, about which
there has been a contest for the past year. That
is, the grand underlying trouble is the same. The
case of the Seminary is, that it wants money, and
cannot get it ; the 0. S. in the West being weak,
and , poor; with, the exception of a few men, who
happen to be at present in a grouty condition of
mind, and will not come down with the needful„
Their big man is Cyrus H. McCormick, of Reap
er notoriety. He presented the Seminary with
$lOO,OOO, to be paid in instalments. Thus far he
has paid $75,000, but refuses, as the case stands,
to pay further. To understand it fully, it is ne
cessary`to go back to the beginning.
Among the first undertakings of the 0. S. at
Chicago, upon getting fairly on their feet as a
Church, was a Theological Seminary. They
placed it at Hyde Park, a southern suburb of the
city, say five miles out. They started a town
there, got subscriptions, and elected two Profes
sors. The Professors were Drs. McMaster and
Thomas, well known as anti-slavery men. In the
mean time C. H. McCormick had got rich, and
like other men from Virginia, perhaps a 'trifle
ambitious. It seemed to him that the country,
and especially the Northwest, was going to smash
through abolitionism. Was he not ordained to
avert it? At any rate,
might he not arrest the
0. S. Church? He would try. So he got Dr. N.
L. Rice, from St. Louis, to manage with and for
him—bringing the Doctor to Chicago at some ex
pense.
The first thing done, was to kill the Seminary
on hand, and Hyde Park went into the hands of
the Gentiles. The ground being cleared, Mc-
Master and Thomas out of the way, a new enter
prise was undertaken.. Dr. Rice went to the Gen
eral Assembly, backed by $lOO,OOO of McCor
mick's money; argued his case through four days;
got his Seminary located at Chicago, with 'four
Professors, of whom neither .McMaster nor Thomat
was one ; but of whom Dr. Rice was one. The
Seminary has gone along very well, considering
all its difficulties; fed, all the while with the money
of McCormick and his friends in the North
Church. Dr." Rice, however, left it some years
ago, for tbe Fifth venue church in New York.
At the last General Assembly, in St. Louis, Mr.
McCormick, having returned from Europe, where
he had been for his health, while the war lasted,
appeared to look after the election of a Professor
in his Seminary. His candidate was Dr. Rice
again ; and he offered, if the ..iissembly would elect
him, to give $25,000, possibly , $50,000 More, to
the concern. But the Assembly, it seems; did
not think Mr. McCormick's health sufficiently
restored; and instead of Dr. Rice ,
who only got
twenty votes, chose this, same Dr.llicilfaster once
more by a vote of some 220, and who had no
friend to back him up with any money at all.
The good Doctor entered on his Professorship,
but died during the year, much lamented by de
vout men. But the man of Reapers is very much
discomposed, considering the treatment of the
Assembly ungenerous, and decidedly un, in sever
al other respects; and so stands on his dignity,
"at bay." _
How it will come out time will tell. I state
the case historically, so that, if we are joined to
gether again , we may all understand it. I notice
that some of 0. S. people, in telling the story,
do not begin at the beginning, and the writer here
of has a memory. A great amount, of ink, and I
am afraid of temper too, is being shed over it.
I have some other topics, but my letter is long
enough. Yours truly, AMBROSE.
G. W. M
I crave pardon of the audience, said a distin
guished songstress of the last century at Drury
Lane theatre, when called upon to warble a pop
ular air. I have sung this song so often that I
forget the first line, and until prompted. could
not proceed. Long faMiliarity breeds contempt,
as well as listlessness even with perils, as well as
with songs. Hence, our apathy and listleSsness
with regard to intemperance; an evil and a crime
formidable enough of
.itself alone to effect the
ruin of a people. •
,:
The growth of this evil among us has been so
gradual as scarcely to have been perceived until
its roots had stricken deep into our social soil,
commingled with our usages, become part and
parcel of the etiquette, and in truth,of the very
hospitality of our time !
To denounce the use of intoxicating drinks as
a crime has long'been . utter a Mere platitude.
To assert that opium and alcohol have ever been,
with the single .exception of. war, the deadliest
enemies of mankind, and that since the Chris
tian era they have destroyed five hundred and
eighty millions of
,the human race! instead of
awakening impressions terrible as 400tn ' are re
ceived by our apathetic communities as the stalest
of truisms,as thrice told tales signifying nothing.
And the ather still mingles the mebriatingbever
age in the presence of his young sons, and the
husband still, night after night, returns to his
wife and daughters saturated with the fumes of
bachanalian revels. • Who can wonder at the in
crease of besotted households? or, that, as the
tide rolls on, houses of refuge are beginning to
rise here and there as in NeW York, even for
female inebriates?
Look abroad over the land, take note of the
habits of many of our so-called eminent men.
Look into our State Legislative halls and into
the halls of Congress. At the occupant of our
chief executive chair! At those chosen by the
suffrages of the nation to frame and enforce a
nation's laws. Look,—but we sicken at the
spectacle, and the reader cries forbear.
The consequences of drinking have ever been
disastrous, but the world is now being flooded
through chemical agency, with new compounds
of the most questionable character. The draught,
that once only intoxicated, now maddens, and its
actioa on the human tissues has become baleful
to the last degree.
Yet the dealers in this infuriatinc , poison
abound and are on the increase on every side.
They infest our cities in numbers and loathsome
ness, equalled only by the pests that ravaged
Egypt while under the special ban of God. They
take all shapes and burrow in all loc'alities. On
the corners often of our most brilliant avenues,
they lure the young and the yet decent, by the
splendor of marble counters, frescoed ceilings,
and mirrored walls, and thence through
,every;
grade of structure, appointments and proprietor-.
ship, downward to those precincts which poverty
and pollution have marked as their own. Thus
numerous, thus widely dispersed, thus varied in
character, are the resorts of our youth, where,
THE SITMATION.
morning, noon, and 'night, irrespective of age,
sex or condition, are dispensed to all comers the
bale-fires of hell. And still the number grows.
Vainly we turn to this official or to that court, as
the advanced posts of this detestable traffic are
being pushed into new neighborhoods, to depreci
ate property to the half of its former value, to
banish quiet from its few remaining retreats, and
to clutch more and yet more fresh victims into
its infernal grasp.
All remonstrance is vain where all are power
less and all apathetic. Do, we not see offieial au
thority, through this blasting posted on
every hand? Our magistracy - and laws have-be
come alike inefficient with any but the meanest
and most
_insignificant of offenders,_leaving in
every 'department of out=lawry, the more accom
plished and hence the more dangerous villains,
to stalk with impunity at large.
Now we submit that this state of things calls
solemnly for renewed exertion, for some more
earnest and bolder effort to save our civilization.
The having attained, in any way, or by any
means; to such a fearfully bad eminence ' proves
the causes therein operating, to be of sufficient
potency not only to loosen all , restraint, to throw
the reins, free on the neck of the most .rampant
and reckless extravagance, to deprive age of rev
erence, virtue of respect,' and to brutalize the
young,
but; to finally elevate monstrous' crime
out of its lurking-places in the purlieus, into an
aggressive demon that shall more fully yet con
front and perhaps assault us in our great thor
oughfares of popular resort and in our very
homes.
We are sensible that all this is only stating
our case and not so well perhaps as .it <has often
been stated before. But whither shall we turn
for the remedy? Nothing it seems to us short
of a fully aroused public sentiment can, in a strug
gle of this magnitude, prove of any'aVall. Some
thing is requisite •to bring our people to their feet
en masse. Appeals are needed, which, like some
vast line of subterranean explosionsi shall thrill
society and startle us from our torpor. We need
a Wilberforce, a Howard, who, with heart and
soul will take this viral business in hand, and
with an energy like that of Peter the Hermit
preach a modern crusade against this tyranny,
more despotic, more cruel, than all Moslem rule,
It is being often remarked„ that there is a dearth
among us of truly great, good, and earnest men.
Have we really lost the breed of noble blood?
We would not dishonor the championii we haVe.
But all attempts hitherto made •to grapple =with
the demoralization around us, • seem but spas
modic, the mere, vim of fresh recruits in a single
charge, not the persistent nerve - of irresistible
veterans—the right onward, ponderous pressure
of the Macedonian phalanx which no obstacle
could for a moment withstand. Ina word, we
want success in this mighty. struggle. Success !
Since nothing but success _can save us .froM a
deterioration fearful indeed to even contemplate.
E. D. M.
INDEPENDENOY IN NEW ENGLAND.
MR. EDITOR:—An instructive transaction
which made no little noise last year in the vicin
ity of Boston, has•not, think, received from
you the attention it deserved. At this late day,
when the heat and strife have passed away, and
the lem - rArder 1.1 GongregutiuntoeibT,--then at vari
ance with regard to it, have joined in loving
wedlock, I wish to review the matter, for.the sake
of an important principle involved. I do ,not
say settled, for proceedings among Congregation
alists never settle ,any thing, any more than would
the rulings of the Supreme Court, say of the
Nez Perces Indians.
When Mr. A. took the spiritual oversight of
a large and wealthy Church near Boston, he
ab
surdly covenanted to submit himself to its disci
pline as a member. And when, in the course of
human fickleness, Mr. B. took his place, be still
remained in the village and the Church, though
he took temporary charge of another: Church.
His successor did not manifest _the loyalty that
many wished, - and a minority felt relieved when
he accepted a call to another field of labor. Mr.
A. had done not a little to make his place 'un
comfortable, and' the majority of the Church
seemed to be resolved to be rid of him before their
pastor was dismissed. A forced construction of
the 18th chapter of Matthew was their code in
a discipline of three steps. It is posSihre that Mr.
A. did not mean- that the matter should be fin
ished up so soon. He was busy with hay that
was, being cut out of town, and at home only ; at
unseasonable:hours. The good deacon who " la,
bored" with him was a little hard of hearing, so
that a little misunderstanding brought Mrs.*.
into a discipline with her' husband. The pro
ceedings, if regular, w.ere barely so. A church
meeting was called for, the night before the coun
cil, that was to dismiss Mr. B. Mr. A., When no
tified to attend and answer to charges Of impro
per use of his tongue, sent word that he would
be through with his hay that week, and at their
service at any time thereafter, but that it was not
possible for him to attend that night. An ex
cited meeting was held. Mr. 8., really the ag
grieved party, moderated it. The conclusion was
that Mr. and Mrs. A. were excommunicated. It
is in dispute whether more thad one person
swung his hat and cheered when the vote was
declared.
Mr. and Mrs. A. demanded a council. The
Church acceded to their request, but afterwards
reconsidered and rescinded the vote. An ex
parte council gave them letters of - dismission, and
now as Invrite Mr. A. is being installed over an
other Church.
Mr. A. sympathized with the Congregational
ist, Mr. B. with the Recorder which leaned less
towards Independency. They took different
views of the action of the Church and council.
But I heard from no quarter :any intimation that
a minister is the property of a denomination, and
that the particular church on whose roll his
name happens to be,' may not "unfrock" him if
they choose without regard to the interests of
others. - They have a right to shoot their half of
the elephant if they see fit. Or is it • admitted
that an excommunicated man may be a minister
in good and regular standing? The unfortunate
Mr. A. hired, I understand, a minister to preach
for him durinik the time of 'his excommunication,
but whether as a matter of ecclesiastical necessi
ty, or merely of decorthn i l know not. Congre
gational papers of every ; stripe agree in fighting
shy of ecclesiastical ,questions while they unite
to denounce the "iron rule of Presbytetiianisni."
NOVANGLITS.