%ural Nantrants.
BEET SUGAR,
That this country, even in its middle and
northern portions, may be able to.produce
its own supply of sugar, scorns now prob
able from the folloWing account—written by
corrottpond'ent and we holieve•an editor of
the N. Y. Tribune—of the progress made in
the culture of the beet and• its conversion
into sugar in the State of . Illinois. The
facts stated are very interesting - and `iin
portant:
"We think we have inipcsAtint news re
garding beet sugar. L'ast year :a number of
enterprising capitalists, of Springffeld, 111.,
organized a company for the purpose of
making beet sugar. The place selected was
at Chats'worth, Livingston County, El., •and
the works Wet% 'ender' bite direction of the
liessrs. Gennert, the original projectors.
" They planted 400 acres, mostly fresh
prairie, and raised a drop of 4,00 p tons of
fine beets, ata cost of $4 a ton in the pits.
The varieties Were the White 'Silerian'and
the litiperial, and upon a test of various
parts of the crop, the average ,yield of - fair
refining sugar is ! per cent. This is con
firmed by analysis made at Belcher's sugar
refinery, St. Louis. When refined, the yield
is 5i per cent. of sugar, &Val to New York
refined B. *Quite a number of barrels have
been made, and the works, are in operation
this winter. When all the beets are worked
up, the yield must •reach nearly '400,600
pounds of refined sugar. 'The starting of
'new works and expensive• machinery is al
ways difficult, and this company has had its
share, and there has been delay. But •this
delay has been of use in settling the question
whether beets can be kept in 'large quanti
ties during the fall and winter months. They
find that the less during four months•is only
one per cent. The conclusion of this vast
experiment, worthy of the Prairie State, is,_
that boots can be grown on the raw but rich
soil of the West, as well 'as on the highly
fertilized soils of Belgium'and France; that
the yield of sugar is almost precisely the
same, and that the beets can be 'kept till
they can be used.
The importance of these facts scarcely can
be over estimated. The prairie region is
equal in extent 'to England, *Arm,' Spain,
and Portugal combined, and, on almost every
acre the beet can be cultiVated. Underly
ing are inexhaustible beds of coal; and' a
people fully competent to enter Upon 'this
new enterprise are ready. Sugar is next in
importance to Wheat. A beet sugar crop on
these prairies will be of groater value than
the corn crop. Granting these to be facts,
the time cannot be distant when sugar will
be sent from the 'West to New York, and
exported to foreign countries. •
HOG-RAISING.
It is well known to farmers who are-vers
ed in the science of hog-raising - that the pigs
of a well-bred 'and Well-fed "sow,' after they
aro a few days old, instinctively choose their
places at the udder of the dam; each little
pig selecting its own • peculiar -teat; and.
when they take their food, each one, amid
the' rush and rough-and-tumble, fetches up
in his proper place with as much accuracy
as a well-trained 'family of children•come-to
the dinner-table. The smallest, the runt, or
what in common parlance is called the " tit
man," finds himself- crowded to the last
teat at the rear end of the-udder. If , the
number of pigs be greater than:the number
of teats, the weakest pig cannot be reared.
We have in mind an instance in which the
brood of pigs numbered one more than the
teats on the udder of the sow. The smallest
pig had no place at the dinner-table.. After
a few days the little thing, wofully,emaciat
gi. and sickly, died of utter starvation. In
every brood of pigs; in every flocks of lambs,
n every herd of neat cattle, in every drove
horses, in every nest of :birds, in every
brood ; .of domestic fowls, in .every ear of
grain, Paine Nature makes provision for the
propagation of its kind, : by concentrating
the excellencies of that species in ono seed
.or one animal which are to
,be transmitted
to the offspring or products of the race or
kind, This is an established andincontro
vertible law; and its manifestations are re
cognized in both the animal and, in the vege
table kingdom.
In reverting again to the brood of swine,
the poorest pig, which corresponds to the
shrunken, half-developed nubbin of 'corn, or
to the small kernels on the tipond of the
oar of .grain, lives at the rear end of the
udder. Pigs reared here are utterly unfit
for breeders, whether male or female; be
cause they are destitute of that prolificacy
which is common to the pigs that suck the
forward teat* 'Why do many sows of choice
breeds hrjng rerth only two or three pigs at
ono litter,' *lien 'they ought to produce as
many as they 'are teats on the udder? And
why do somd sows always drop as many
pigs as they are' able to rear ? In the former
instance they shoW ill-breeding—that seed
animals were`: selected at random, without
any reference to' their prolificacy. In the
latter instance we have the assurance that
the dam possesses many- of those qualities
which a skilful breeder desires to have trans
mitted to the young stock. Let the !`titman"
be selected frdm a brood sow; and chose , the
runt in her brined for a breeder; and let-the
titman of thicinext brood ;be savedfas a
breeder, and it *ill be , found -that in: a Short
period of, time there will be a wonderful de
generacy, WhiiehltannOt repaired , by'the
most judiciouSi system of brooding for a de
cade of years. '‘ On' the .contrary, select the
female pig that sucks the forward teat, and
continue to choose the "sow-pig that suck
eth before" fod , a brood animal, and every
year will discloe most satisfactory develop
ments in the fonnr and syrnmetry,,of the herd'
of swine. ,1 •
Blood will toff: We eapnot,tra . aeeepcl: ll 9.r
thwart the established and,atilitit,eraWe temi,
of the animal kingdom. In the pigs that
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, MAY 9 1867.
are reared at the forward end of the udder
is concentrated a greater degree of prolifi
cacy, and greater power to transmit more
of the excellent points which constitute the
perfect animal, than can be found in any
other pigs in the brood. And these are the
only ones that ever should be saved as
breeders, whether male or female. The se
cond or third pig from the front may, to ap
pearance, be quite as beautiful, thrifty, and
make as heavy an animal when slaughtered,
and perhaps heavier; but such swine are
not the right ones to select as breeders: It
is not the Most beautiful animals that can
be relied on as `breeders ; but the ones that
will transmit the greatest number of excel
lent points of desirable form and - symmetry
to the progeny. Blood will tell. Like will
produce like to a certain extent.—lndepen
dent.
gritittiar.
THE MIOROSOOPE'S TESTIMONY.
. It is not till we descend to, the' minuter
organisms that we gain ; even a feeble con
ception of the Divine Skill. If one were to
give much attention to an insect so common
.
and so • slightly regarded,as On house fly
'most :people would look down upon him as
wholly given over to frivolity.. But there
is no part of nature unworthy of notice ;
and a naturalist; studying the structure of a
creature ,so little exalted. as the domestic
fly, has soon ample reason for feeling him
self face to face with the all-present God.
To economise, space, we confine ourselves to
the eye. .liiltitudes of insects :have two
kinds of eyes, the one kind simple, : and con
stituting small elevated shining black specks
on the top of the head; the other sort, two
in number, just where - we should expect to
find them, and composite in structure. Boys
. sometimes purchase or receive as a present
a bitof cut glass, so shaped as to • have a
multitude of facets... When . this is put to
the eye,, every facet presents-a highly-colored
image, .and thg
,gen.eral effect of the Whole
is in no slight degree beautifUl. When God
would construct the apparatus of vision for
a fly, He adopted a similar principle : He
cut a lens, if. it may be so worded, into .no
fewer; than 4,000 distinct facets; and, as in
case of honey-combs, that He might, econo
mise space, He made each of them-a hexa
gon, that mathematical figure being capable
of filling an area, without leaving any in
terstices. How utterly'would it be beyond
the power of the most skilful workman suc
cessfully to .place 4,000 facets side by side.
within the. -minute space , occupied by the
eyes-of a domestic fly ! Yet this has been
done by the Creator,. Nay., He has.effected
even more than this. A facet of
. an insect's
eye is, after all, nothing more than. an opti
cal instrument, capable of informing the
little animal-possessing it of what is passing
;within that portion of the landscape which
it sweeps. But, in order that this 'intelli
gence may be transmitted, it is needful that
a nerve connect 'the instrument with the
brain of the insect. As' might have been
expected . ; the infinitely, wise Worker has
,made provision' tb Meet this necessity; for,
virtually speaking, '4,000' telegraph-wires
connect thelieveral optical"instruments with
-the brain, thus transmitting intelligence from
the spot whernit first became known to the
central office. How vast beyond all finite
conception the wisdom and the power that
have been- brought into -requisition -for-the
the benefit of tiny
. existences, on which
most persons do not condescend to - bestow a
single thoilght! The - microscope set's limits
to oar admiration for man's mechanical skill.
Let it, be turned, for - example, on a fragment
of the smoothest paper, and the object will
'appear covered with coarse felt, like a white
hat. Let it next - be directed towards any
work of God—we care not which it be—and,
instead of old beauties vanishing, a crowd
of new beauties will appear.
As in prosecuting 'the inquiry, we descend
to a loWer platform in the, pyramid of ani
mated beings, the transcendent greatness of
the Divine architect- of nature increasingly
shines forth. Nowhere is it more manifest
than when investigation is made respecting
the animalcules, called infusoria, from -their
being found occasionally in various infusioni
Here again we note 'the - great variety of
forms which' it has pleased. Him, who does
'all thing's well- to bring iiito being. Trian
gles,, cylinders girded round with rows of
wheels, spherical bodies like globes
mounted, rectangles so connected as to make
a series of 'zig-zags, and other forms too
numerous to describe, illustrate the variety
to be met with in this neglected portion of
nature.. Some animalculte are known of a
size so minute, that a million of them would
do no more than occupy the space covered
by a grain of sand ! Yet is each one Of
these inconceivably minute creatures pos
bossed of ' organs perfectly adapted to its
mode of life !. "Thou thoughtest that I was
altogether such an one as thyself'," was a
chargnbrought by the All Holy- God against
'some of the morally depraved in'the Jewish
Church. If any persons are in .danger of
supposing that 'the - great discoveries of
modern science have: perceptibly diminished
the distance between ; man and his „Maker,
and are inclined to think Gott not infinitely
exalted in all-formative skill above the most
gifted of his , Cre,atures, a study of facts like
-those now mentioned- will: dispel such. an
illusion. The scientific triumphs of our . age
have, undeniably been great, but. just as the
diameter of the earth's orbit- dwindles into
a mathematical point, whenastronoiners try
td tide it as a. base line, whence to calculate.
the distances of the fixed- stars, so the7in
tellect and skill of the most highly gifted
mortal
. -are diminished to nothingness, and
disappear iviien viewed side by Side'with the
similar 'attributes' of• God revealed in , the
Creation. • -, : • . , „ ,
It is related' of avgreat man-,that : when
:dying he ; expressed his egret t,llat he s tiad
seen so beautiful -World. It
yiaS a perfectly regftiinateLsotirce_of -grief.
But even had he travelled far, and visited
many countries, he might still have made
the same lamentation when life began to
draw to a close. For how little of this
beautiful world can any see during the brief
limits within which human life is confined!
Not merely is the globe to vast for us to
traverse it in every part, but the :minutest
speck of organic or even of inorganic matter
has in it secrets to disclose, had we only the
time and ability to interrogatedit aright: In
reflecting on these matters, we feel ourselves
driven to the thought, which meets us at
every turn, that human life is far too brief
to , permit of our here doing ,anything effec
tive to understand the works and.Alle,ways
of God. As we sit sadly musing, an ex
ceeding longingfor immortality comes over
•ourspirits,-and . we increasingly appreciate
the glorious gift of an eternal anii lap&
residence above, purchased by Christ for
those who 'seek 'salvation *through His blood.
--Rabat Hunter in Sunday Magazine.
COAL SUPPLY OP THE WORLD
, The question started some time since as to
the length of time our coal was likely to last
has led'to inquiries by onr GoV-ernment, , as
to the coal. supply of other 'countries,' aiad
the 'result must be very-re-assuring to :those
Cif there be any such) who fear that the
world will be short of coals some three or
four thousand years hence. The informa
tion appears in the foiln of a blue-book; con
taining reports which have :been received
from secretaries to various British Embas
sies and Legations respecting the prospects
of a supply of coal; if need be; from abroad.
'The -return includesireporta -from -Au'stria,
, Baden, Barvaria, Belgium, Brazil, Prance,
Prussia,. Russia, -Spain, the "United States,
and the, Zollverein. France, in 1865, pro
duced 11,297;052 tons, and imPorted, 7,108,-
286 tons, of which, 1 1 ,455,206 tons were im
ported 'from - Great Britain. Every year
shows-an increase of ,coal consumption: in
that country. 'Prussia is rich in mineral
fuel, especially, in very, good coals. The
working of the coal pits is rapidly - and con
tinuously increasing. No coal is exported
from Russia, which is -supplied in a great
degree from other Countries; prominently
Great Britain. During 1863, - the latest date
from which statistics are supplied, the coal
produce of Spain amounted to 401,297 tons."
No coal is exported fromthat kingdom. Aus
tria, Bavaria, Belgium, and_other continen
tal countries all seem to have well stocked
coal-cellars to fall beck upon.
In,the year ending June 30th, 1866, the
produce of the United States was 20,553,550
tons, being an increaSe''of 3,447,049 tons as
compared with the :previous year. It has
been estimated that the capacity of the
Pennsylvania mines alone is fully, equal to
20,000,000 tons a year. In nine counties of
the State of Missoiri there are about 3,500
miles of coal lands, 'which -average a mean
thickness of 11 feet, Professor -Snealow's
computation makes,tont 38,000,000,900 tons,
of, coal in these nine counties alone.`ln-40
counties of the same State there is said to
be sufficient coal to last 3,000 years of'Boo
working days each, if an average of 100;000
tons - were mined every day. Professor Rog
ers has estimated that the -Illinois coalfields
are six times as extensive as those of Great
Britain, and that it would "take 100,000 years
to exhaust them. 'South America, too', has
abundance of coal.
British Columbia, Falkland Islands, Mau
ritius, Newfoundland,.New South Wales, and
New Zealand are all reported on in an Ap
pendix. In none of these, hoWever; is there
coal in. any quantity, with the exception of
New South ' Wales, where this
.vatuable
mineral is described as abounding. The ex
ports of coal from the colony are extensive,
and are rapidly increasing. Coal, too, has
been .discovered in Natal, so that the notion
prevalent among men of science in England,
that there •is "not an inch of coal. in Africa"
requires qualification. The coal of Natal is
of good quality and large quantity, forming
a huge water-shed, draining a very, large
area into one natural outlet, the channel of
the Tugela river.. The' coal occurs in seams
over , six feet thick, which alternate with
beds. of shale; and it may be seen `running
directly into the face of :the .hills. It is
richly bituminous, burns readily; makes'ex
cellent fires, and cooks well. .It is already,
in almost universal use , among the black
smiths -of the colony. There are no engineer
ing difficulties between , the coal-field and
the sea ' which would prevent the speedy
construction of a railitay, and the coal could
thus be sold at the port fbr . about £1 ster
ling per ton. ,Steam vessels of large burden
could -be made to perform profitable voyages
of six and seven thousand miles,. with a speed
of twenty - miles an hour; if they could obtain,
`coal at this price, and Natal is less than
7,000 miles from England, and much less
from India.
So much for the .world's coal supply, and
for our-own position .even were we to run
short of coals at home.—Builder.
THE COMPANION STAR OP SIRIUS,
The grand discovery of the planet Nep
tune, by the calculations of Leverrier and
Adams simultaneously- proceeding seems
almost to yield in its splendor to the dis
coveries more recently made in the neigh
borhood of that great landmark of astrono
mers, that "superb Star," whose light, which
it takes twenty of our years to transmit to
us, and whose glories it would take four
hundred , such suns as ours to kindle; has
.been for a long time one of the great land
marks, of astronomic observation., Certain
undflations of regular recurrence perceived
in it, and which could not be ascribed to
parallax, were by anticipation ascribed to
the attraction of an Unseen companion; and,
in January 1862, Mr. Alvan Clarke of New
York, discovered in its neighborhood a.min
ute star which, had eluded all previous ob
servation. Its real existence..has not been
d Sir TOhn Herschel believes there
is every reason to `"regard thiß as tin; unseen
companion, the - presence of whose mild
power awakened the mystic palpitations in
the fiery element—at forty-seven times the
distance of the 81111 from the earth, their cal
culations have fixed this dim and remote
stranger. Eclectic..
Pbtrtiotimitto.
=MEI=
This is a personal in
vitation to the reader to
examine our new styles
of Firism CLOTHING, Cas
.simere Suits for 1.16,
.and Black Suits.fors22.
Finer "Suits, all prices
up to $75.
WANAMAKER & BROWN,
OAK HALL,
Southeast corner of
SIXTH & MARKET STS.
QEEDS ! SEEDS !I—We have now on hand,
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Retail price lists, on application.
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COLLINS, ALDERSON k CO., Beadsmen and Florists,
Mar. 7-3 m. 1111,14 1113 blarkst St., Philadelphia, Pa.
SILVER .PIPS
'Rave you seen the new Silver Tipped Shoes for 'children? They
lutve all the. 'Utility of copper . ,and are highly ornamental. Applied
to the most genteel Oleos mare. apr2s-2m
CLEMENT SMITH & SONS,
FURNITURE IAUARFROOMS,
Respectfully inform our..friends:and.the public that we ,have
opened an ostablishment at the above place, where we will-manu
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perform in conducting the manufa . eture of one of the oldest and
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PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE and SKILL in the ART o
DESIGNING and MANUFACTURING,EINE
CABINET WORK, on the most
Reasonable Terms.
For character and ability, we refer those who may favor TU3 to the
undersigned gentlemen
C. FARE, 324 Chestnut Street.
S. R. HILT, N. E. corner kifth and Walnut.
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a. P. M. BIRKENBINE, 35th and Bearing, W. P
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ANSPN.7EIATELLJIO3 Vine Street.
PERUVIAN GUANO SUBSTITUTE!
33.:L.T0711'S
RAW BONE
SUPER 'PHOSPHATE OF LIME,
DELAWARE RIVEIt CHEMICAL WORKS,
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STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES, BLAOKBERRIES,
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