THE PAEDOHING POWEE.
To the Editor — Bear Sir: — I cannot
agree with a very distinguished Senator in
thri opinion that the President is legally au
thorized to distribute pardons, as he con
tinues doing, in advance of all Court action
on the crimes forgiven. The position has, I
know, been judicially recognized in one or
two instances, either by decisions or at least
dicta ; but I have still the hardihood to
dissent.
The President issues these pardons loithout
any ostensible call of duty in the public service ,
:uM jfist as if they were personal boons of his
oibA, b'estowable at' pleasure; acting com
irfonly on the request of some friend or
friends of the culprits, or at the suit of a feed
pardon-broker. At any rate, no public ex
igency, and no known-peculiarity of private
ciifeuinstances, moves him.
Now I admit the pardoning power is given
hythe Constitution in general terms. And
what then ? Is it therefore unlimited ? Sup
pose a crime were pardoned, not in advance
of the Courts, bu t of its own perpetration , as
bj^ 1 Roman Catholic “indulgence;” how
would that answer ? Unlimited power is a
strange thing in our system. 1, know not
where to iind it, though of general powers
we have plenty. Pray, may not reason and
thpjhTit'ure of things impose limits on a.gen
eral power ? Slay not usage, arid the common
'resulting from it, impose them?
And first, reason and the nature of things.
Observe the state of the country. The
President himself holds that our public order
t A fully restored. It is therefore in no policy
<rf quieting rebellion, or inducing rebels to
return to their allegiance, that his amazing
prodigality in the article of. clemency char
ters^, persisted in. He goes upon the very
assumption that all is peace and good citi
zenship again—in other words, that the laws
are ohee more able to take care of them
selves. fit is in just these circumstances, (by
his,-own showing) that he goes on interven
ing, daily between the laws and their viola
tors, between courts and culprits; forestall
ing ahd defeating the functions of our crim
inal judicature by pardoning all comers at
hißlsple, private, irresponsible discretion!
And though his practice has been hitherto
confined for the most part to criminals of
one grade, it might be just as well applied
to counterfeiters, smugglers, mail-robbers,
pirates, as to traitors. So that to overreach
the'-tribunals in the treason category is,
potentially, to head off their action altogether
—in effect to nullify their jurisdiction. And
then where are we? Penal justice is at an
end; crime ceases to be crime; the legal
economy becomes a by-word; public morals
make a common grave with-public security;
and licensed brigands have possession of the
country. .
I think the President errs both in manner
and substance. Apart from the tendency of
his., measures to the extreme consequences
just referred to, there are valuable rules of
m.o'deration, propriety, decency, which they
seem to me to violate. Pam sure I have
the general feeling of the public mind with
me "When I speak of the pardoning power,
in a time of profound peace, as one of last
resort ■ —essentially a power of revieio ; to be
exercised occasionally and with discriminative
caution, on special grounds of evidence, so as
riot to weaken the authority of the judica
tories, but only to keep the execution of
their judgments from excess of rigour in a
few exceptional cases, where justice need Buffer
no loss of character by the intervention.
Pushed however to extremity, the Presi
dent’s course of action would not simply
weakervthe agencies of criminal justice; it
-v?ould virtually annihilate them. For if he
may legally screen all traitors from prose
cution, he may do the same kind office for
all criminals of whatever grade. The general
words of the power make no distinction
among them. And then, as to criminal juris
diction, the Courts are out of function
entirely.
What, Sir! is the Constitution at ctosb
purposes with itself? Has it empowered
one branch of the government to supplant
another ? I have deemed the Bench a very
important branch; none more so. What but
judicature can assure to us practically the
benefits of'our system in any of its parts?
Without judicature what were the President
■ but a prior cipher?—or Congress itself but
a collection of ciphers ? ; The judges are the
keepers of our lives, liberties, estates, char
acters, and Christian morals. Can it be that
this pardoning power of the President, a
power rather incidental to theirs than above
it, may be made, to stalk over the judicial
world, and tread out all its life ?
Happily there is a barrier principle that
forbids this trading-out business. Nothing
is better settled in the philosophy and the
Mw.o£ interpretation than that every written
instrument must, if possible, be upheld alike in
•all its parts, so that no part shall destroy or
frustrate another, or prevent its taking full
'effect.
in djefte then we have a rule, founded in rea
ison and the nature of things, that qualifies
.the verbal generality of the pardoning
power. ’The Constitution must be so inter
preted as to be consistent with itself; in
other words, the jurisdiction of the Courts,
-no less.than the pardoning power, must be
maintained in its integrity; which can only
be done by a constructive limitation of this
pdweir''as to time. When the judges have
“made 'treason odious,” by indictment, trial,
an d'conviction, then, if circumstances make
a caffe'for -pardon, let the President do his
duty;’but till then his interference is pre
mature and unwarrantable. Even then, to
pardon indiscriminately would be monstrous
abuse.
iSfecondly, we have usage, and as I think,
•a-resulting common law, to the same effect.
\;>-On this j head I content myself with evi
dence affoisdediby the several . State Consti
tutions, which of course express the pre
vailing sentiment of the country.
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 17, 1867.
Of some of the recently admitted States. I
cannot speak with certainty; nor is it need
ful, as their population is comparatively
small, and their opinions and usages may be
presumed to correspond with the elder com
munities from which their settlers have been
mostly derived. But I have twenty-eight
State Constitutions now before me, covering
all the long-settled portions of the Republic,
where nineteen-twentieths of its people re
side, and where all its characteristic habits
both of thought and action have been formed.
On turning to these Constitutions what do
I find ?
I find that six of them vest no pardoning
power in any body; preferring the hazard of
now and then a possible excess of judicial
rigour to that of the abuses far more likely
to occur in the proceedings of a “pardoning
agent,” however wisely chosen.
Well, Sir, in one of the remaining twenty
two States, the governor has a pardoning
power, but must in ail cases report his reasons
for using it, to the Legislature-^ among, which
reasons I presume the advice of Thurlow
Weed, of Senator Cowan, or of General
Grant himself, would scarcely be deemed en
titled to a place. In two States the power
is in the governor “ under such rules and regu
lations as shall be prescribed by law,” that is,
without a jot of arbitrary discretion. In
two other States the same arrangement is
adopted in slightly different phraseology; in
two the power is general in the governor
(save as usage and the common law control
it;) and in fifteen (more than two-thirds of
the twenty-two) it is expressly limited to
take effect “ after conviction.”
Row without enlarging on the details of
this statement, I assume, first, that it shows
an almost universal jealousy of the power
in question; and next, a very general senti
ment and usage to the effect, that if allowed
to exist, it should at least be limited to fol
lowing the Courts, and never preceding them.
So that if majority views and-customs make
law (we should not be a free people if 'they
did not) here is law against the licentious
practice of-the President.
And lot me ask, has this law been ever
violated by any President before ? Is itnot
an unheard-of thing that villains should be
officially pardoned, that is, screened from
punishment, not because they have been
harshly tried, or doubtfully convicted, or too
severely sentenced, but simply because they
are villains ? I confess, the proceeding is
new to me entirely.
It may be asked, however, why the Con
vention of ’B7, knowing the sentiments of
the country as regards the pardoning power,
did not partake of the common jealousy on
the subject, but gave the power in unquali
fied terms. A very reasonable question, and
the only one of any moment in the case.
Fortunately, it can be answered. The
Convention did partake of the common
jealousy, and objection was earnestly raised
against the generality of the power. But it
was stated in reply, that in the possible
event of a rebellion or insurrection, there
might be great, importance in the President’s
being authorized tfo tender jto the disaffected
parties a general amnesty or forgiveness
upon condition of their returning to their
duty; and if I am correctly informed, it was
upon this single consideration that the un
qualified terms of the power were left unal
tered. Rot only so, but the writers of the
Federalist put their justification of those
terms upon that ground alone.
From all which the proper inference is,
that a case of rebellion or insurrection was
to be an exception to the general rule of the
subject; leaving the rule undisturbed in other
respects. A broader inference would be a
false one. Ordinary times, like the present,
have a law of their own; and it is not to he
displaced or jostled by measures suited only
to a time of public convulsion. When civil
war breaks out, judicature withdraws from
the scene, and pardoning before conviction
is no interference with its rights; but when
peace and order revive, the rights of judica
ture are again paramount, and'pardoning
before conviction is a gross offence against
them. I am &c.
Jany. 2,1867.
LETTERS FEOM A .COUNTRY PARSONAGE.
Don’t Cry, Mother.
So urged a daughter who had been but an
hour a bride. The marriage ceremony Was
over, refreshments taken, bridal costume
rearranged and travelling attire adjusted.
A railroad station a mile or two distant must
be reached within the next hour, from
whence to be borne away on the wedding
tour. The guests had clustered around the
bridegroom and the bride, tendering joyous
salutations and-well wishes for a bon voyage.
When all had done with their salutations,
father and mother came. His was a simple
kiss, accompanied with a “God bless you,
my daughter,” yet with evident and unut
terable yearnings agitating his paternal
heart.
And now it was mother’s turn, who stood
trembling with crowding emotions and holy
affections, but with strong efforts to appear
calm. When, however, that daughter, who
had just pledged herself to the keeping of
another, threw her arms around that neck,
and leaned again ‘upon that bosom where so
often she had so confidingly nestled in in
fancy, the pent up emotions in that maternal
heart must have outlet, else would the heart
itself burst. The mother sobs aloud with
big tears fast following each other.
“ Don’t cry, mother;’ urged the bride;
while the voice of the speaker was choking
with its own loving 1 affections.
Cry, mother, we are constrained to inter
pose. It will do you good by bringing relief
to. your pent up feelings. Tears are God’s
safety valve for letting off an excess either
of joy or sorrow. So strangely do -joy and
sorrow intermingle, that the feelings can
with difficulty be distinguished. Nor is it
easy to find an earthly place or condition
where gladness and sadness so overlap and
intertwine with one another as at a wedding.
“ Bon’t cry, mother,” again urged the young
wife, as her eye turned to that manly form,
whom now she called husband. Rot an un
moved spectator was he of the scene; yet
with no signs of jealousy at the fondness of
his bride for another.
Don’t cry , mother; and we divined these
unuttered reasons for the loving appeal:—
“ I go, mother, from this dear, dear home ;
from und father’- • fir
mr father’s protection) ora a
brother’s devotion, front a sister’s love, and
from your own unselfish counsel, your pure
affection and unmixed kindness. But Igo
with my husband. He will henceforth be
all the world to me. Whithersoever we
may go, or wherever we may be, I shall
be loved and Will be happy.”
As witnesses, we could also cordially unite
our confidence that this loving protector
would be faithful to the sacred trust now
reposed in him. Leading away from her
father's house, not again to return, save on
transient visits, he would protect, cherish
and love until death. Hence we could join
the bride in saying, “Don’t cry, mother,
your daughter goes to enter upon a more
enlarged sphere of duty, usefulness and
happiness.”
Doubts and fears were not, perchance., the
sources of mother’s tears. Her heart, no
doubt, beatun unison with her daughter’s in
all her fair prospects and bright anticipa
tions, , Forgetting, also, for the moment,
the chair at the table hereafter to be vacant,
and the family circle no longer to be lighted
and cheered, by that happy, loving face.
Passing lightly, also, over the parents’ lone
liness when the joy was departed; still
mother wept. Not into the future with
anxious gaze was she endeavoring to look,
but over the past. Thirty years ago mother
had herself been a bride and gone through
all these marriage scenes; had thrown her
H. W. Warner.
arms around mother’s neck at parting, and
mother had also wept.
And these thirty years? Was mother
weeping with regret at her man’iage, as
bringing with it tob many cares, sorrows
and disappointments? No; here stands
beside her now that hxxsband on w-hose
strong arm she leaned when turning away
from mother’s tears. Thirty years have
wrought changes upon that manly form, yet
the ripened, chastened love' of husband and
father attest his faithfulness. These long
years of -mai'ried life had also been pleasant
and prosperous beyond the ordinary lot.
Yet is mother weeping at the retrospect.
Trials, sorrows, disappointments, separa
tions, death have commingled all along.
Father, who kissed me when a bride, and
mother, around whose neck my arms were
thrown when leaving home, have died.
Brothers, sisters, relatives, fx-iends, who gave
me their salutations, have also gone from
earth or'are separated.
Then for a moment mother’s thoughts
turned .towards the nnrevealed future.
‘‘ Tlxirtyiyears from now ? Where then, and
in whatGbpnditipn, will be bridegroom and
biude;i|p|ief,' mother,'brother, sistei’Sj yea,
all thiirlyoyous company ?” These Queries
are, however, hushed, and mother in her
tears dobs not speak them.
No, nor let any croaker utter them in
hearing of the joyous wedded pair. Withhold
that ominous shake of the. head and sepul
chral wag of the tongue; O wait. No, don’t
wait, but be glad now. Go on the wedding
touxM’ejoicing and keep on rejoicing as long
as possible. Seasons of darkness may here
after brood over the pathway of life. Trials
and sorrows may come. Let them come;
your present joyfulness will be no source of
weakness in your hour of affliction. Let to
morrow take care of itself. Sufficient unto
the day is the evil thereof.
“ Although it still be subject of debate,
And Worthy men stand on opposing sides,
Whether the cup of mortal life has more
Of sour or sweet"
The joyous, hopeful Christian will respond
to all such repiners :
“The drinker, not the cap, we blame.”
A. M. Stewart,
LETTfft FEOM REV. S. SAWYER.
Trip Westward : — Dr. Seacock on the Eight
Hour System — Rev. W. Calkins and his
Hew Meld —Something about the Canadians
—Detroit and the Brethren there—On to
Chicago—lnterest of Dr. Patterson in East
Tennessee —College at Maryville and In
stitute for Colored People, etc., etc.
New York City, December, 1866.
Mr. Editor :—After exploring New York
City and,Brooklyn awhile, with reference to •
my mission, I started Westward, stopping a
few hours with Rev. A. M. Stowe, whose
acquaintance I enjoyed exceedingly, and
then hurrying on to Buffalo. I heard Rev.
J)r. Heacock on the benevolent bearings of
the eight hour system. His reasoning was
very forcible, and has awakened general
interest in the question discussed. Turning
to the Cyclopedia, he found the scientific
formula Of human labor set down at eight
hours in the twenty-four, and apprehended
that much of the intemperance and Sabbath
desecration of the day might be attributable
to the overtaxing of labor, he proceeded in
the most, direct manner to state the ques
tion, to construct bis argument and to meet
objections. Brief reports of his sermon
were published in the city papers. |p
I called on Rev. Mr. Calkins, formerly of
your city; and found him comfortably situated
in his new field, with his heart intently set
on building up the kingdom of Christ. I
met with his people on two occasions, and
came away with the conviction that the
Lord will use him to do a most important
work in ?the North Church. The young
people take hold nobly, and seem inclined
to co-operate most heartily with their pas
tor. •
Rev. Dr; Clarke, I found one of the most
interesting ministers in Buffalo. The Minis
ters’Association met at J>r. Heacoek’s, and
closed their session with an oyster supper.
It is quite an institution.
Prom Buffalo I struck across Canada to
Detroit. There were two feet of snow south
of Lake Erie, but very little in the Province.
Baggage inspectors were on hand to look out
for smuggled goods. The delay was some
thing of an annoyance, but the many facts
I heard about smuggling satisfied me that
the inspection was necessary. At bi'eakfast,
I entered into conversation with an intelli
gent Canadian, who had a sprightly wife
and four childi-en. He spoke glowingly of
the school system. He used to oppose the
education tax until he was married, but
now that he has a family of children, he
thinks their provisional plan admirable. On
many accounts, he would like the Recipro
city Treaty l’enewed. He had not much
respect for, or dread of, the Fenians. Parties,
he said, were divided into Liberals and
Tight-baeks. The Tight-baeks represented
the land monopoly, defended monarchy and
nobility, talked against the Republicanism
of the States, and seemed to imagine that a
govermental Paradise was attained by mak
ing the rich richer and. the poor poorer.
The feeling in favor Of annexation to the
United States is constantly increasing. A
Confederation of the Provinces may be ac
complished mean while, to get rid of certain
duties they now have to pay each other, in
their exchange of commodities, which might
delay annexation, but they feel certain that
this consummation will be reached. There
are many grievances they complain of, -one
of the most patent of which is, the course of
the Hudson’s Bay Company. This Company
is essentially foreign and English. It ships
$30,000,000 worth of furs, and $40,000,000
worth-of copper across the ocean. Two
and a half cents per pound are paid to the
Canadians for digging the edpper, which
leaves only $5,000,000 annually among the
people, making a drain of $65,000;000 every
year to England. Under a different.govern
ment they think all this might be changed
for the better.
They ai’gue that the United Starts-might
have stopped the Fenians from invading
their territoi’y, but when reminded of the
course of England with regard to the Ala
bama, they own up, and say that their
Government ought to pay the “ bill of dam
ages” we have presented. In case Great
Britain should have a war with the United
States, they Will make common cause with
England, of coarse, and present a bold front,
and perhaps strike one grand blow “for
appearance” and consistency’s sake, and
then surrender “horse, foot and dragoons”
and come under the Stars and Stripes, which,
after all, and above evei’y thing else, the
majority of their people wish to have wave
over them.
There was good sleighing in Detroit.
Here I met with Rev. George Dufficld, D.
D., in possession of all his faculties, and still
the most potential man in the Peninsular
State. His colleague, Rev. William A.
McCoi-kle, is a most estimable man, genial,
evangelical and earnest in his work. Rev.
Dr. Hogarth is also laboring in one of our
strong churches here, brilliant, graphic and
hopeful; as evbrv -These bi-ethren‘-gave me
a hearing with regax-d to xnattej'ajn.Hast
Tennessee, and in the spi-ing, Detroit yvill
do something pi’actical to hold up our hands
in that region.
The next point .1 reached was Chicago,
and Rev. Z. M. Humphrey, D.D., and Rev.
Robei-t W. Patterson, D.D., gave me the
same assurance with regard to this great city.
Dx*. Patterson, like Dx*. Duffield, seemed
specially interested in East Tennessee, and
the claims of Maryville College, and the
plan of a Collegiate Institute for the educa
tion of colored young men fox* the ministry,
they cheerfully entertain and commend to
Christian liberality.
The Collegiate Institute to educate
colored young men, it is thought, had best
be located at Chattanooga, under the charge
of Bev. J. B. Beeve, now of Philadelphia, a
graduate of Union Theological Seminary,
New York. In himself, he could answer all
objections to such a movement, and belong
ing, as he does, to the colored race, we
might work much faster and more widely
through Pirn. Ought Hot about $30,000 to
be raised for this enterprise ? This is the
opinion of some of our brethren iq the “West.
East Tennessee is the best locality in the
country for such a movement. It is to be
the Massachusetts of the South, and em
braces .over two thousand square miles of
territory, more than the old Bay State con
tains. Under present circumstances, ought
we not to establish an Ecclesiastical West
Point there, whence we may send out our
spiritual Shermans, Sheridans, and Grants
toward Vicksburg and the sea? Would not
all the denominations, animated by piety
and patriotism and working for the whole
country, do well to concentrate their efforts
for awhile-in that mountain region? Its
healthfulness, its history, its position, the
fact that it is surrounded by rebel influences,
ready to make constant raids upon us, its
desolations from the war, all make out a
case of special interest. And at a time
when “The Lost Cause” selects General
Lee and Admiral Semmes and their like to
man its institutions of learning, many
brethren in Tennessee and northward, feel
that the principles at stake call on us liber
ally to endow our Colleges there, and to
place over them men who will stand by the
Stars and Stripes, and uphold and spread
abroad the Puritan type of civilization. I
hope to get $25,000 in your city, $50,000 in
New York, and $25,000 west of here for the
Institution at Maryville. But not to make
this letter too long, I only add,
Yours, very truly,
Sam end Sawyek.
War Expensive.— The new ways of war
making, such as rifled breech-loading guns and
rifles, transporting whole armies by rail, &e , make
terrible inroads into a nation’s resources. The
last of these, during our war, cost us $42,500
000 for the expenses of the Bailroad Bureau
alone—not'including the work done by existing
roads on contract ' 4f£ 8
EEV. E. P. HAMMOND’S LETTER FROM STRIA.
No. XIV.
We are out of quarantine, where we have
been kept eight days, for no other reason
than to replenish the unfurnished treasury
of the Turkish government. But we had
plenty of books to read, company and excel
lent food from a hotel in the city, and fine
surf bathing, so that our prison home was
made quite comfortable. We regarded oui--
selves as quite fortunate in getting thus far
on our journey without encountering but one
Lazaretto.
An aged Scotch gentleman who was'anx
ious to see the earthly Jerusalem -before he
ascended to the heavenly, told us that it was
the thii’d quarantine in which he had been
impi’isoned on his way.
Dui-ing our visit to Beyrout, we became
deeply interested in the work of missions
connected with the A. B- C. F. M.
Within one hour, after we left the Laza
retto, we were standing in a chapel crowded
full of children. I thought-at the time I
had never witnessed a more intei-esting
sight. The little girls, all had clean white
lace mantillas on their heads, and the boys
each a l-ed Turkish Fes. They sang beauti
fully some of the same tunes used in America.
A few of the children understood English,
but all that was said was translated by Rev.
H. 11. Jessup. %
The Sight we witnessed was enough' to
convince us that the American mission had
accomplished a great work, even in over
coming the pi'ejudices against caste or sect;
for there we saw, sitting side by Side, the
children of Druses, Maronites, Greeks, Mos
lems, Jews and Protestants.
It was most intei-esting to see-their looks
of curiosity change to those of mtei-est and
anxiety as the meeting progi-essed. At the?-
close of the fii-st meeting, another lor in
quiry was appointed. A number remained,
who seemed deeply anxious about their
soul’s salvation. Several other meetings
wei-e held; at all of them the manifest pre
sence of the Holy Spii'it was felt. At times
numbers wei-e in tears. All who took part
in these meetings felt that the many prayers
which had been offered for a blessing on the
childi-en and youth had been .to some extent
answei'ed. Mr. Jessup told us that after we
left twelve gii-Js voluntarily eame to see him
to ask how their sins could be forgiven. His
heart was full of tenderness and gratitude
to God as he saw the seeds of Divine truth
springing up.
The beautiful sehool-building for which ho
raised the money in the United Sates, is now
complete. J f some of those who contributed
to it, and also those who have been support
ing one and another of the children, could
have seen what we did, they woqld have felt
a thousand times repaid for any saci-ifices
which they have made.
The Sj’rian College, under the presidency
of Dr. Bliss, is just about commencing its
first term. As there-are nine hundred chil
dren in the different Protestant schools in
Beyrout, it will no doubt be well patronized,
when once it is befoi-e the public. It is well
known that this is the college in which Pro
fessor Stuart Dodge has felt such a deep
interest. He is soon expected in Beyrout:
May God’s blessing ever attend him and
reward him for all the sacrifices he has made
to assist in extending the Redeemei-’s king
dom. His brothex-, A. G. P. Dodge, Esq.,
who labored so earnestly in the revival in
Williamsport, Pa., is also expected to make
a short visit here.
One morning a man of the Greek faith
called on Dr. Bliss and told him that he had
a son whom he wished very much to have
educated in his college. He was able to
clothe him, but he could not raise the fifty
dollars a year which was needed to pay his
board. His boy, of about fourteen years of
age, was with him. Bev. Dr. Budington. of
Brooklyn, who, with his wife, has b.een with
us since we left Paris, was present and heard
the converstation. lie became so deeplv
interested in the welfare of the youth, that
he at once was led to assume the responsi
bility of the fifty dollars a year for his educa
tion. Dr. Bliss told me there were many such,
who, though of a different faith, were ready'
fox the sake of having their children edu
cated, to send them to a Protestant school
or college. I trust that many in America
will follow the example of Dr. Budington
and in some way raise fifty dollars and send
it to Dr. Bliss for the education of some of
the many Syrian young men. Thus, in time
as the young men, many of them with the
love of Christ in their souls, shall scatter
abroad among the hills and mountains of
this dark land, the darkness shall give -wav
to the light of the glorious Gospel.
Bev Mr. Jessup has so often written Y ou
about this city of 85,000, and the cause of
Christ in this vicinity, that I fear any thing
I might say would be but a poor-repetition
THEEE GEADATIONS OP LOVE.
A Christian, says Biciiard Baxter, doth love
God m these three gradations: he loveth him
much for his mercy to himself, and for that good
ness which consisteth in benignity to himself but
he loveth him more for his mercy to the Church,
and for that goodness which consisteth in his be
nignity to the Church. But he loveth him most
of all for his infinite perfections and essential'ex
eellencies, his infinite power, and wisdom, and
goodness, simply in himself considered. For he
knoweth that love to himself obligeth him to rc
turnsof love, especially differencing, saving grace;
and he knoweth that the souls of millions are worth
more incomparably, than his own, and that God
may be much more honored by them than by him
alone, and therefore he knoweth that the mercy
to many is greater mercy, and a greater demon
stration of the goodness of God, and therefore
doth render him more amiable to man.
Bstrout, Stria, No* Stli, ISG6.