Mural f wimrng. METHOD OF. CURING MEATS FOR FOOD. Not only in man, but in all the higher developments of animal life, there is found a connecting system of arteries, veins and capillaries traversing every portion of the body, even to its remotest issue; and that through these there is a constant circula tion from the heart as a focal centre, and back an-ain. We know, too, that the cur irent of this circulation is sent from the left ventricle of the heart through the ar teries and capillaries to every fibre of the body, and thence back through the veins. Physiologists tell us that these circuits are made in from ten to twenty-five seconds, and that all the blood in the human system passes through the heart at intervals vary ing from 11 to 21 minutes. Seasoning from these premises, the dis covery was long since made that by intro • ducing a strong liquid antiseptic into the left ventricle of the heart of the human body, after death, and while the continuity of the circulating organs remained un broken, it would permeate the whole system, driving the blood before it, and result in a kind of temporary embalmment This is practiced to some extent before and :ing the war, in oases where persons had id of sickness, far removed from their tes, in order to enable friends to trans ■t their remains long distances, involving isual delays in burial. Our attention was recently called to a vel and important application of this and to witness several entirely satis :ory demonstrations of its successful ap lation to the curing of meats for food. process is exceedingly simple, and isists in using the natural organism pro id for the circulation of the blood as a iduit for the infusion of pure brine into animal. The method has been in daily at an extensive slaughter-house in Bdf -10, for several months past, and is pro \nced a decided success by all who have leased it. It applies equally well to ile as to swine, although the demonstra is witnessed by us were confined to 'the ;er. The animal is rendered senseless a blow on the head, is brought to the ;e oi the scalding vat, and laid upon its )k. The operator makes an incision just )k of the forelegs, laying the sternum or last-bone bare. Then he sawß through the ie, exposing the heart to full view, which pierces with a sharp instrument, causing 3 arterial blood to spout. With very ;le loss of blood, the dead animal is raged into a vat of hot water, and after iking for a minute or two, is delivered by itly-oontrived machinery upon a table, jre his bristles are removed, and he is isentty dangling by his heels a closely iven and cleanly corpse. In this oondi in he is lowered by machinery into a >m below, where he is placed upon jther tabic to he salted. Over this table, the height of eight or ten feet, is placed of strong, cold brine, keeping 1 temperature of thirty-two degrees, into ich are inserted rubber tubes terinina g in small metallic pipes. An orifice ■ring been made into the left ventricle of heart, one of these pipes is inserted i it and tied, "and the brine flows into , channels of circulation, driving the lod before it and out of the incision in j heart itself. As soon as the blood ises to flowj a full circulation of brine s taken its place, and in from eight to i minutes the the flesh is sufficiently im sgnated with salt to warrant its being mediately sent; to market. The animal ;hen disembowelled, cut up, and the pro !t disposed of in the usual way. Those ■tions designed for smoking are submit . to that process at once, and the rest is :her packed or dry-salted, as may be de id. The great features of this process of ing meat for food are that it may be td in all seasons of the year and .in all rates; that ft is simple and easy in its dication, requiring no peculiar skill and expensive or complicated machinery; 1 last, but not least, that it obviates the customary delays in getting the pro it to market which is involved in the ,process, and thereby largely reduces amount of active capital necessary to on the business. This new process seems to us to be destined to become a tuable agency to the world’s economy in rm climates. In the greatest cattle-raising regions of two American continents—the plains Texas, Mexic* and California, and the ipas of South America —beef is pre •ved with great difficulty. Texas herds ! obliged either to find their way North droves to be slaughtered, thereby in- Iving great expense and risk, or they sold at from five to ten dollars a head slaughtered solely for their hides and >w. This latter is done almost exclu 'ely in Mexico and Brazil, thus causing immense waste of choice food every Our own enormous corn produotion d the high cost of transportation have cessarily resulted in its large conversion io the more concentrated form of pork, ate years; and the consequence has :n that the cattle and pork interest of country has been developed into such irmous proportions that it now ranks tnd only to that of breadstuff's in value importance. This development must ;inue4o go on in the future, even more idly than it has in the past, 'and cannot to be stimulated by the economic pro i which we have been considering. 'he. valuable discovery was patented in by Dr. N. B. Marsh, of Cincinnati, the patent for the whole United Stateß med exclusively by Col. William C. rger, of Buffalo. —Buffalo Paper. BOTS 'IN HORSES. je of our most valuable horses died, a nights since, by a sudden attack of ter i distress in the stomach The cause is death was supposed to be the bots, on post mortem examination, these ani were found in great numbers in his ich. A par oh was cut out and exhib at the house, on which the ugly-look creatures swarmed as thickly as they 1 lie together, each of them with his ing and hooked beak plunged in the coat of the stomach. A place as large as the palm of one’s hand was completely covered with them, and hy the side of that was a patch nearly as large, from which the inside coating of the stomach was en tirely eaten away. The victim, in the present instance, had been in good health till within a few hours of his death. He had done a rather hard but not unusual day’s work on a warm day, and thereupon at night fell sick, showed signs of terrible distress in the stomach, and died before morning. Post-mortem examination showed that corrosions of the coat of the stomach killed him, and greedy swarms of hots were close by the corro sionsj with their heads burrowing in the flesh. On these facts our common sort of ob servers Taise the theory that the bots, being always present, more or less, in horses, are usually content to feed on the contents of the stomach, or the mucus of its coatings, in a harmless way; but when, by over-work or other causes, the horse is weakened, and incipient inflammation takes place in the stomach, they fall to and in continently devour the very walls of the house in which they dwell. Whether this theory will stand proof or not in respect to bots, I am satisfied that it is substantially a true representation of-the operations of many other parasites. Their way is to remain harmless and unperceived in ordinary states of the health of their victims, and to s'eize the opportunity of some incidental weakness, to bore into the vitals and insure death. —Oneida Circular. gtitirtifit. LECTURES BEFORE THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN, ASSOCIATION. UKOI.OtiY, BY THEODORE D. RAND, ESQ, A few evenings since, a most interesting lecture on Geology was delivered by Theo dore D. Band, Esq., who displayed not only love for the science, but a proficiency in it, combined with the happy faculty of making everything plain to the class, and infusing into his hearers a portion, at least, of his enthusiasm in its pursuit. He exhibited specimens taken from the various geologi cal formations, so that his audience could readily understand what he was talking about. He gave a rapid view of the ele ments of the science, the various strata forming the earth’s crust, the order in which they invariably occur, and the gene rally accepted views in regard to the mode of deposit and^upheaval. He then gave a full description of the origin of the coal formation, vast shallow lakes of former ages filled with a dense growth of ferns, growing much more rapidly then than simi lar plants do now, filling the lakes with their tangled growth, and year after year accumulating the immense deposits which, were, in the course of time, depressed and covered with an earthy stratum. There is a succeeding age of rest, another series of vegetable growth takes place, again sinking and being covered with a deposit of water worn stones and mud, the whole forming the strata of coal with their covering of conglomerate rock. The coal mines and mining then went in rapid ‘review before the class—making up a lecture of the scientific combined with the useful. It is not often that our attorneys give their attention to scientific pursuits. In Mr. Band we have the rare instance of a thoroughly scientific mind pursuing the daily routine of an active legal business. He also runs a flourishing mission school on the Sabbath—certainly a busy man. THE BAROMETER. BY PROF. P. B. CHASE. On Friday evening last, the subject was the Barometer, which the lecturer said was discovered in the days of Galileo, about the same time as the telescope. The instru ment was suggested to some Italian work men, who, in putting a pump down a deep well, discovered that they were unable to suck water higher than thirty-two feet— above that height, the pump-barrel con tinued empty. This led to the discovery that the atmospheric pressure was equal to that of a column of water thirty-two feet high, or of mercury (being thirteen times as heavy) one-thirteenth as high, or about thirty inches. Atmospheric pressure be came the subject of investigation among all the philosophers of Europe, and soon the above results were verified. The changes of the mercury column were, however, attributed to witchcraft, in some instances, as their aocuracy in predicting changes of weather became known. The mechanism of the instrument, with the various methods of obtaining accuracy and sensitiveness, were together with the reason why a dry, heavy atmosphere caused the| column to rise, and a, moist, more steam like air, was lighter and caused a fall in the column. The fact that a large number of observa tions of Barometers in various observatories had been taken for several years, at the same hours, by scientific men at, say Green wich, St. Helena, Philadelphia, and else where, was then stated. The result con firmed the general law, that at 10 o’clock A. M. all the Barometers rose,'at 4P. M. they fell, at 10 P. M. they rose again, and at 4 A. M. fell; showing a change in the density or the height of the column of air four times daily, and at regulvrly. stated periods —a tide in the air, rising and fall ing even more regularly than the tides of the ocean. For twenty-five years past these facts have been before our scientific students, and the cause is at last discovered and proven to be the unequal velocity through space of the different sides of the earth’s surface at the different hours of the day. The velocity is made unequal by the backward motion of the one side of the earth around its axis, while the other side is moving forward, the whole body iii the meantime pursuing its constant path around the sun. This unequal velocity gives a tendency to the air to pile vp at one part of the daily revolution, while it is depressed and of less height at another; causing these daily and regular tides. From these data, it has been ascertained that, by the Barometer, the weight of the air, as well as of the earth, can be ascertained, and from these data again the distance from the earth to the sun can be accurately measured. This brings us to the fact that, after two hundred and fifty years, the use of the Barometer is made to prove the accuracy of the teles cope, and it becomes a curious fact that they were both discovered simultaneously, in the same locality, and for two hundred and fifty years have been watching each other without the world knowing it. The distance of the earth from the sun, he ex plained, is proven by watching the eclipses of Jupiter’s moons when the earth is nearest to that planet, and then again, six months afterward, when farthest from it. The difference in the time occupied by the light in travelling from Jupiter to the earth in the two different observa tions being some sixteen minutes, and re quiring a space to be travelled of one hun dred and eighty-four millions of miles greater in one instance than the other. This space is the diameter of the earth’s orbit. It is six millions less than the generally received number, and its accu racy is proved by the Barometric observa tions. , These truths lead us to the most sublime manifestations of the Creator’s power, to whose mind all these vast distances, these intricacies of scientific research, are as plain as our alphabet is to us. The lecturer, Prof. Chase, was as easy and pleasant in-his delivery as though engaged-in conversation with a friend. He was so animated, as he brought out these hidden conclusions, that the class came down in applause as he reached them— showing that his animation was oontagious. Lectures like these, while they interest and instruct, must tend to elevate the crowds of young men who weekly attend them. .We learn that there is in store a fine lecture by Professor Hayden, recently returned from the plains of Kansas and Colorado, where he has been pursuing scientific research ; also from our renowned chemist, Professor B. E. Bogers, on the Philosophy of Combustion. A STAR ON'FIRE EV EDWIN DUNKIN, OF THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY. About the middle of May last, astrono mers were startled by the announcement that a new star of considerable brightness had suddenly burst fqrth in the constella tion Corona Borealis,(the Northern Crown.) Its increase of magnitude must have been extremely rapid, for on the 9th of May an observer, who was occupied that day in scrutinizing that portion of the heavens, felt certain that no object comparable to it was visible. On the twelfth, three days afterward, the star shone with the brillian cy of one of the second magnitude, or equal to the three well-known stars in the belt of Orion. The important results ob tained from the observation of this truly extraordinary astronomical object are sufii-, cient reasons for our giving a brief and popular account of its short history , which we are sure will be duly appreciated, by our scientific readers. The first person who appears to have noticed this new variable star was Mr. J. Birmingham, of Tuam,- Ireland, who ob served it May 12th. Subsequently it was seen on the 13th, at Rocheiorts, by M. Courbebaisse, and on the- same day at Athens, by M. Schmidt,; on the 14th it was noticed at London, Canada West, by Mr. Barker, apd on the 16th at Manches ter, by Mr. Baxendeli. These observers saw it independently, without any previous notification. Attention being, pow drawn to the star, it has since been regularly ob served, either for position or for the inquiry into its physical constitution, at most of the public and private observatories in Europe - and America. Its brightness rapidly diminished after discovery, but probably not in the same ratio as it had in creased before.,. The relative magnitudes, determined by comparison with neighbor ing known stars, are as follows :■ — May 12, . . . 2 magnitude. “ 15, . . 35 “ <• 18, “ 21, “ 24, “ 80, Yery little change had taken place from May 30th to June 22d. Oa the evening of the latter day the magnitude was reckoned ap the ninth. So far, this discovery would not probably have attracted any greater attention than that of any ordinary variable. The new star would most likely have been followed very closely only till the extent and period of-its variability were satisfactorily estab lished. Of such objects the firmament con tains many extraordinary examples; stars which appear for a season and then dis appear, again reappearing, performing in the meantime all their changes of bright-, with perfect regularity. While there are some which complete their period in , days, there are others occupying months, or perhaps years, between the intervals of maximum magnitudes. If our new star had been, therefore, simply one of- this class, interesting though it might have been from the abruptness of,its first appear ance, it would merely have added one to the list of those known variables which are to be found scattered here and there among the fixed stars. But astronomical observations have un folded other properties peculiar to this star, giving us an insight into physical composition different from that of others around it. This has been attained from the observation of speetrum, as viewed through a spectroscope attached to an as tronomical telescope. On looking at an ordinary star through a spectroscope, it 3 spectrum is seen with trausverse daik lines across it, similar to Fraunhofer’s lines in the solar spectrum. Some of these are common, or nearly so, in most stellar spectra; while each Btar has generally, in addition, its own peculiar dark lines. This would seem to show that whereas certain metals or gases are indi cated as being present in the majority of stars, each one contains materials peculiar to itself.. Now this marvellous star in Corona Borealis, which has so astonished ns all, has not only the ordinary stellar spectrum withthe dark lines across it, but there is also a second spectrum, apparently superposed upon the other, in which four or five bright lines have been observed. Mr. Huggins, who has devoted his whole astronomical attention to this class of ob servation, has, in conjunction with Dr. W. A. Miller, concluded that the light of the star is compound in its nature, and that it has really emanated from two different sources. Hr. Huggins remarks that “ each light forms its own spectrum. The princi pal spectrum is analogous to that of the sun. The portion of the star’s light repre resented by this spectrum was emitted by an incandescent solid or liquid photosphere and suffered partial absorption by passing through an atmosphere of vapors existing at a temperature lower than that of the photosphere. . . . The second spectrum, which in the instrument appears on the one already described, consists of. five bright lines. This order of spectrum shows that the light by which it was'formed was emit ted by matter in the state of gas rendered luminous by heat.” Independent observa tions, made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, principally by Mr. -Stone and Mr. Carpenter, and at the Imperial Obser vatory, Paris, by MM. Wolf and Rayet, gave results confirmatory of those made by Mr. Huggins and Dr. Miller. Such, then, is a brief account of the an alysis of the light emitted from this tempo rary but brilliant visitor to our sky; show ing with little doubt that, from some cause unknown to us, it must have been the sub ject of s’ terrible catastrophe at a period perhaps distant; for it must be borne in mind that,owing to its immense distance from us, we may be only witnessing the calamity of a past age. Prom the sudden blazing forth of this star, and then its rapid fading away, Mr. Huggins and Dr. Miller have suggested that, in consequence of a great internal convulsion, probably a large quan tity of hydrogen and other gases were emitted from it; “the hydrogen, by its combination with some other element, giving out the light represented by the bright lines, and at the same time lieating to the poipt of vivid incandescence the solid matter of the photosphere. As the hydrogen becomes exhausted, all the phe homena diminish iu intensity, and the star rapidly wanes.” That hydrogen gas in a state of combustion was present, is very probable ; for, by comparing simultaneous ly the bright lines of the stellar spectrum with those of hydrogen pfoduoed by the induction spark, taken through the vapor 6f water, it was found that two of the lines sensibly coincided. During a discussion on this star, at a meeting of the Royal Astro nomical Society, on June Bth, the astrono mer royal expressed his firm belief that this wonderfulobject wasaetually in flames. If we were inclined to speculate on this unique astronomical phenomenon, or the probable consequences arising from such a sudden outburst of fiery gas, what an ex tensive subject for contemplation it opened to us. Astronomically we have known this minute star for years without suspi cion ; it has been-|classified with others of similar magnitude ; it has been one of many millions of such; while now it will be re membered by all future generations as one of the most extraordinary among the most celebrated stars of the universe.. Or, let our speculation be carried a little further, and-letruis reasonably suppose this small aha bitiert'O nearly invisible object to be an immense globe like our . own sue, and surrounded probably with planets and satel lites depending upon their centre for light and heat; what would be the effect of this sudden conflagration on them ? It makes one almoßt shudder at the idea of a system of worlds being annihilated at once without warning. But such must doubtless be the fact. We, however, in this quiet world of ours, can scarcely, perhaps, realize such a ca tastrophe ; but were our sun, which is only a star analogous to those in the heavens around us, to be suddenly ignited in a smilar manner to this-distant and unknown sun, all its attendant placets and satellites, the earth included; would be destroyed.— Leisure Hours. ■ 4 8 “ 6 7 “ 7 8 8 8 ELASTIC STITCH SEWING MACHINES - ' WITH LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. Grover & Baker S. M. Co. manufacture, in ad celebrated GROVER & BAKER . most . Perfect SHUTTLE or LOCK STITCH Machines in the' market, and af ford purchasers the opportunity of selecting, after trial and examination of both, the one best suited to their wants t Ofrher'companies manufacture butane k%vd of machine each, and cannot offer this opportu nity "of selection to th,eir customers. A pamphlet, containing samples of both the Grover & Baser Stitoh and Shuttle Stitch in various fabrics, with full explanations, diagrams, a? d illustrations, •to enable _ purchasers to easamtne t test, and compare Mtheir relative merits, will be furnished, on request from our offices throughout he country. Those who desire machines which do the best work, should not fail to send for a pamphlet, and Ac. &c. GEO. W. lEKKINB, * 1037 Spring Garden Street, Union Square, PHILADELPHIA. HMS-ly SMITH & MOORE, SOLD AND SILVER PLATERS, 263 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, Philadelphia. All Goods Plated by ourselves on the Finest Metal, with the Heaviest Plate. All kinds of Old Work Replated. W.T-ly TRUSSES, SUPPORTERS, /HIE IS, And all other Surgical Appliances of the roost approved hinds, infinitely superior to all others, at Kp. 90 NORTH SEVENTH STREET. Ladii s attended by Mrs. Dr. MoCLENACHAN. Male Department by a eompetent Surgeon. HIGHEST PREMIUM AND LOCK STITCH fpstrftams. RESTORE YOUR SIGHT! USE DR. 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