tuna Pratrag.
THE OLD-FASHIONED THRESHER.
BY REV. E. E. ADAMS, D.D
Wield the flail'!
Gracefully it swings
On the pliant skin of the silver eel.
The bright grains rattle
In bloodless battle ;
And the broad floor rings.
Better in their wars, if nations
Would hurl such rations;
Not the iron and lead
Which strike down thousands dead
Thresher, hail with your flail,
Beating out grain for meal,
In ages olden,
The docile patient kine
Trod out the kernels golden
By the Nile-stream and the Rhine;
While the kind master
Drove them with his staff.
And the dumb brutes, unmuzzled, took
Their toll and thanked him with a look ;
Then trode it faster,
Sundering the sweet grains from the chaff.
But strange inventions
Interrupt the train
Of the old past—the grain
Men gather with clashing
Knives and thresh it with contentions
Of steel with steel,—dashing
Through moments the hard tasks of days,
Until the muses lifeless lie
Before the giant of utility;
And nature now no longer tunes our lays.
0 I for the homely things that used to be.
Hail! thresher, hail l
With the music of the flail I
THE TILDEN TOMATO.
The Tilden Tomato has already acquired
reputation among those who cultivated it.
As far as experiMents have gone, it would
seem that its good qualities consist in its
size and shape, the solidity and firmness of
its flesh, its excellent and refined flavor,
and its quality of remaining long on the
vine after it is ripe, without decaying. If
these merits ' shall be satisfactorily estab
lished after fuller experiments in its culti
vation the present season, it will prove a
valuable acquisition to the kitchen garden.
—Exchange.
Our experience of the Tilden Tomato is
less satisfactory. We have raised it this
season from seed obtained from one of the
best stores in this city. We sowed them
the same day and in the same hot-bed with
seeds of the common, smooth red. The
two kinds were transplanted on the same
day, and placed in precisely similar soil,
and sufficiently distant from each other to
prevent hybridization. The Tilden, though
described in the catalogue as earlier, gave
us ripe fruit just two weeks later than the
In sume respects they are superior
to the other; the fruit is somewhat larger
in the aggregate, and the flesh of it rather
firmer, but these points of superiority are
much slighter in degree than we had been
led to espeet. In productiveness it has no
advantage. As both kinds are still bear
ing, we are not able to speak of its com
parative "holding on" qualities. We saved
the seed of a few of the largest and earliest
apples, but shall probably throw it aside,
and use, as heretofore, the old smooth red
for common use, and for a specialty the
Fiji, which is far before the Tilden in all
the excellencies ascribed to the latter.—
RURAL EDITOR, AMERICAN PRESBYTE
RIAN.
IMPORTANT TO FARMERS,
The following decisions have been given
by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
at Washington :-
1. Farmers will not be required to make
return of produce consumed in their own
immediate families.
2. The farmers' profits from sales of live'
stock are to be found by deducting from
the gross receipts for animals sold, th pur
chase money paid for the same. If ani
mals have been lost during the year by
death or robbery, the purchase money paid
for such animals may be deducted from
the gross income of the farm.
3. No deduction can be made by . the
farmer for the value of services rendered
by his minor children, whether he actual
ly pays for such services or not. If his
adult children work for him and receive
Compensation for their labor, they are to
be regarded as other hired laborers in de
termining his income.
4. Money paid for labor, except such as
is used or employed in domestic service,
or in the production of articles consumed
in the family of the producer, may be de
ducted.
5. No deduction can be allowed in any
ease for the cost of unproductive labor.
h house servants are employed a portion
or the time. in productive labor, such as
rile making of butter and cheese for sale,
a proportionate amount of the wages paid
them may be deducted.
Expenses for ditching and cleaning
land are plainly expenses for perma
nent improvement, and. not deducted.
The whole amount expended for fer
tilizers applied during the year to the
farmer's land may, be deducted, but no de
duction is allowed for fertilizers produced
on the farm. The cost of seed purchased
for sowing and planting may be deducted.
8 . If a person sells timber standing, the
Profits are to be ascertained by estimating
the value of the land after the removal of
ale timber and from the sum thus obtain
!tl deducting the estimated value of .the
land on the first day of January, 1862, or
th ao
at d the day of purchase, if purchased since
ate.
'• Where no repairs have been made by
t 1 a taa•payer upon any building owned by
hlui during the preceding five years, noth
irig can be deducted for repairs made
during the year for which his income is
btiluated.
1 '!• A farmer should make return of all
BALLARD'S
Ltl
D NATIONAL SHOE STORE
ONE 11:1 E.
his produce sold within the year,• but a
mere executory contract for a sale is not a
sale; delivery, either actual or construc
tive, is essential. The criterion by which
to judge whether a sale is complete or not,
is to determine whether the vender still
retains in that character a right over the
property; if the property were lost or de
stroyed, upon which of the parties, in the
absence of any other relation between them
than that of the vender and vendee, would
the loss fall.
HARDY BULBS.
The time is come for planting Dutch
bulbs. Every garden should contain a few
of them, as they are the first flowers to
open in the spring.
Of these, " the snow-drop, who, in habit
white and plain, comes on, the herald of
fair Flora's train," will often peer out be
fore the last remnant of snow has finally
taken its departure. Then follows the
many-colored crocus, the early and late
tulips and hyacinths bringing up the
rear.
They are all perfectly hardy, and will
grow in most kinds of garden soil, although
they prefer it somewhat sandy and free from
stagnant water. The time to plant is Octo
ber; it is better to have them by them
selves, and in a sheltered nook if possible,
not that they will not stand the cold, but
that they open their flowers so early that
the cold winds are aptrto mar their beauty.
Tulips, hyacinths, and narcissusses should
be planted four inches deep; crocus, snow
drops and other small bulbs, two inches;
after planting, spread over a mulch of
manure three or four inches deep, which
must be raked off at the end of winter.
Besides the kinds mentioned, there are
the crown imperials, of various colors, re
markable for exceedingly quick growth
early in the spring, with various colored
flowers and quite showy. The lilies also
may be planted in the fall. Of these
there are many kinds, embracing the Japan
lilies, which. are exceedingly beautiful.
There are two kinds of hardy gladiolus
also, that may be planted in the fall with
white and red or purple flowers. Another
old friend is the grape hyacinth, a neat
little thing with blue flowers, quite early
in the spring.
For out-of-door planting, home-grown
bulbs are just as good as any; but for pot
purposes in the green-house or windows,
the imported bulbs are much the best,
though now rather dear.—Prairie Herald.
gtifittifit.
LOST ARTS.
In regard to colors we are far.behind the
ancients. None of the colors in the Egyp
tian paintings of thousands of years ago are
in the least faded, except the green. The
Tyrian purple of the entombed city of Pom
peii is as fresh to-day as it was three thou
sand years ago. Some of the stucco, paint
ed ages before the Christian era, broken up
and mixed, revealed its original lustre.
And yet we pity the ignorance of the dark
skinned -children of the ancient Egypt.
The colors upon the walls of Nero's festal
vault are as fresh as if. painted yesterday.
So is the-cheek of the Egyptian prince who
was contemporaneous with Solomon and
Cleopatra, at whose feet Caesar laid the
riches of his empire.
And in regard to metals. The edges of
the statues of the obelisks of Egypt, and of
the ancient walls of Rome, are as sharp as
if but hewn yesterday. And the stones
still remain so closely fitted, that their
seams . '
laid with mortar, cannot be pene
trated with the edge of a penknife. And
their surface is exceedingly hard—so hard
that when the French artists engraved two
lines upon an obelisk brought from Egypt,
they destroyed, in the tedious task, many of
the best tools which could be manufactured.
And yet these ancient monuments are
traced all over with inscriptions placed
upon them in olden time.
This, with other facts of a striking
character, proves that they were far more
skilled in metals than we are. Quite re
cently it is recorded that when an Ameri
can vessel was on the shores of. Africa, a
son of that benighted region made, from an
iron hoop, a knife superior to any on board
of the vessel, and another made a sword of
Damascus excellence from a piece of iron.
Fiction is very old. Scott had his coun-.
terparts two thousand years ago. A story
is told of a warrior who had no time to
wait for the proper forging of his weapon,
but seized it red-hot, rode forward, but
found to his surprise, that the cold air had
tempered his iron into an excellent steel
weapon. The to npering of steel, therefore,
which was new to us a century since, was
old two thousand years ago.
Ventilation is deemed a very modern art,
but this is not the fact, for apertures, un
questionably made for the purpose of ven
tilation, are found in the pyramid tombs of
Egypt. Yes, thousands of years ago, the
barbarous Pagans went so far as to venti
late their tombs, while we yet scarcely know
how to ventilate our houses.
NITRO-GLYCERINE.
M. Emile Kopp, a very good authority,
reports to the French Academy the suc
cessful use of nitro-glycerine in some sand
stone quarries near Saverne. The peculi
arity of the case is that the nitro-glycerine
is all made upon the spot just before it is
wanted for use. The very dangerous trans
portation of this fulralinating material is
wholly avoided. The materials from which
it is made are not dangerous, though some
what inconvenient to transport. 11f.' - Kopp
recommends the following method of prepa
ration; which he considers simple enough
to be executed by an ordinary workman
under any temporary shelter in 'the quarry
itself. In a large earthenware pot or basin,
placed in cold water, the. workman mixes a
quantity of fuming nitric acid (50 degrees
Blame) with twice its weight of the most
concentrated sulphuric acid. In another
pot he evaporates some commercial glyce-
BALLARD'S
37 NORTH EIGHTH STREET;
NEAR FILBERT
ONE PRICE.
THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1866.
rine until it becomes sirupy, and marks
30deg. to 31deg. Baume. When both
these liquids have become perfectly cold,
the Workman places 3.3 litres (5.8 pints)
of the mixed acids in a glass globe or
earthenware pot, which must be kept cool
by immersion in cold water. He then
pours into the acids 0.5 litre (0.88 pint) of
the concentrated glycerine in a fine stream,
with constant stirring. It is important to
avoid any sensible heating of the mixture.
After waiting ten minutes, the workman
turns the mixture into five or six times its
volume of cold water. The nitro-glycerine:
falls to the bottom as a heavy oil. Washed
once more with a little water, it is ready
for use. It is still slightly acid and watery,
but these impurities do not hinder its effectu
al working. The oil is employed for blast
ing in open quarries in the following man
ner : Let the object be to detach a con
siderable mass of stone from a ledge. At
7 to 10 feet from the edge, a hole 2 inches
in diameter is sunk to a depth of 7 to 10
feet, and well cleaned out. Three to four
pounds of glycerine are then poured in.
Next the workman lowers down upon the
oil a little cylinder of wood or tin, about 14
inches in diameter and 2 inches high, filled
with gunpowder. This cylinder is let
down by means of a common fuse, which is
attached to the cylinder, for the purpose of
carrying fire to the powder. Holding the
fuse straight, the workman fills the hole
with fine sand. No tamping is necessary.
The shock caused by the inflammation of
the powder explodes the nitro-glycerine.
The explosion is so sudden that the sand
has no time to be thrown from the hole,
and no pieces of rock are projected into the
air. Formidable masses of rock are cracked
off and slightly displaced ; but the rock is
not broken into small pieces, and there is
but little waste. Herein lies the principal
advantage of nitro-glycerine over gunpow
der in blasting. M. Kopp is of opinion
that the transportation of nitro-glycerine,
whether by land or sea, ought to be abso
lutely prohibited, and that its use in the
covered galleries of mines would be dan
gerous, on account of the very poisonous
properties of its vapor, ; but if manufac•
tured on the spot at the time of using, he
believes it may be safely and advantageous
ly employed in all blasting operations con
ducted in the open air.
IRRIGATION IN AUSTRALIA.
The project of collecting and storing
water upon the large scale, so that it may
be had in abundance at all seasons for do
mestic and agricultural purposes, has long
been under discussion in Australia. Latter
ly it has acquired political importance, and
the idea now•bids fair to be pat in practice.
Victoria, the wealthiest and most enterpris
ing of the Australian States, has recently
determined to spend a million of pounds
sterling toward carrying out the project.
The rain-fall of Australia, on an average of
years, is sufficient to supply the wants of
all the inhabitants, but the conformation of
the country affords little natural storage.
If the experiment now in progress prove
successful, it may alter the character of the
cultivation throughout the entire country.
In Queensland, in the districts below the
Darling Downs range, it is thought that
artesian wells may be found useful, and it
is proposed to sink such wells at once, as an
experiment. The supporters of this scheme
find encouragement in the experience of
the French, who have derived great advan
tage from wells bored in the deserts upon
the outskirts of Algeria.
THE INDO-GERMANIC RACES.
Professor J. Oppert, well known by his
researches on the Assyrian cuneiform in
scriptions, has published an address to the
students attending the Sanscrit class at the
Imperial Library of Paris, which contains
some new and interesting matter. He con
troverts the views held by many students
of comparative philology, concerning certain
"Aryan" ideas pervading the whole of the
so-called Indo-Germanic races. Such an
"esprit aryen," be holds, has no more real
existence than the much vaunted " idee
sem:ague." Nor do, in his opinion, the
Aryan and Semitic races differ from one
another in a physiological point of view,
nor have they been subject each to differ
ent influences of climate or locality. On
the other hand, he attributes to Semitic
influence a very considerable portion of the
elements of which the Greek race more
especially is composed. He promises to
develop his ideas on this head in a larger
work on the origin of the Greek and Latin
races.
ANOTHER SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION.
It is stated the French Government cot
template sending a scientific expedition to
Armenia. The venerable M. Dulaurier
has•been offered the command of the expe
dition, and it is said he will accept it, de
spite his great age, delicate health and
weak eyes, and, I may add, despite the
fact that this distant and perilous voyage
cost Schultz and Hommaire de Hell their
lives. The expedition will he absent a
year, and after exploring Russian, Turkish,
and Persian Armenia, will repair to Jerusa
lem to study the numerous interesting MSS.
contained in St. James' Convent.
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air DR. J. STEPHENS & CO. have invented and
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Is agent. cooling. Cathartic or Purgative medicine,
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After more than twelve years of constant use, this
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SUBSTITUTE FOR PERUVIAN GUANO,
being found active in its operation, and of great dura
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annuall abundantly improve the high popular value
of this Fertilizer, and establish the fact of its being
relied upon by a wide circle of agriculturists to sup
ply all wants in the direction of Manure for every
Crop. .
BAUGH & SONS,
Sole Manufai3turers and Proprietors,
Office, 20 Sonth Delaware Avenue,
PHILADELPHIA
Price $56 per 2000 lbs. Cash.
JUST PUBLISHED, the Thirteenth Edition of our
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NEW SERIES OF
MUSIC BOOKS FOR SNOW,
By Dr. Lowell mason.
THE SONG GARDEN, First Book, pp.
160, 50 cts.
THE SONG GARDEN, Second Book. pp.
208, 80 ets.
THE SONG GARDEN, Third Book (will
be ready Oct. Ist), pp. 224, $l.
The object this series is to provide books for
teaching musie, on a somewhat similar plan to that
which is so generally adopted in School Reading
Books. The First Book contains first steps in Musi
call Notation, with quite simple songs. The Second
Book has a very carefully prepared exposition of the
Elements of Music and its Notation, with many ex
amples and exercises, and a choice collection of
School Music. The Third Book, now nearly ready.
will complete the series, containing a Review of the
Elements of Music, with a treatise upon and many
exercises in vocal culture, with numerous solfeggios
and a large collection of new songs.
Each book is complete in itself and can be used
separately.
The publishers recommend these books with confi
dence as the most complete, attractive, and philoso
phical school music books ever prepared. The First
and Second. Books are already in most successful use
in many of the best schools in the country, and the
publishers have received very warm commendations
of their working qualities from some of the best
teachers in the country.
MR. CHARLES H. GREENE, Teacher of Music in
St• Louis Public Schools, writes of the Second Book
that its Elementary Department "has never, in my
opinion, been equalled by any author in this or any
other country," while the songs are "rustwhatschool
songs ought to be."
MR. W. W. PARTRIDGE, of Cleveland, Ohio,
says that the First and Second Books "are the best
for the purpose designed that I have ever seen."
MR. WILLIAM C. WEBSTER, of Detroit, says,
" ' The Song Garden' is answering all the expecta
tions I had formed of its influence upon the good
cause of music in our schools. By its use scholars are
more interested in their lessons as well as more
rapidly advanced in their study."
tar Copies sent by mail postpaid at the prices.
Published by
MASON BROTHERS,
596 Broadway, New York
Lossing's United States
SCHOOL HISTORIES.
These Histories are now well known by many of
Our best educators as leading works in their depart
ment, and their practical success wherever used in
schools has demonstrated their great merit as text
books. The series consists of three volumes, and is
most admirable and completein its adaptation to the
wants of all grades of schools. The followine are the
titles and prices of the three works:
LOSSING'S PRIMARY HISTORY, U.
S., 23S pp., 12mo. S 1 00
LOSSINIPS COMMON SCHOOL HIS-
TORY, 11. S., 378 pp., 12mo. 1 75
LOSSING'S PICTORIAL HISTORY,
U. S., 4:10 pp., 12mo. 2 00
The first or Primary History, is intended for begin
ners, and is written in a plain, pleasing style, accom
panied by beautiful illustrations., The work is every
way well adapted to primary classes.
The second, or Common School History, is intended
for the larger part of pupils in common or grammar
schools. It contains compact. well-written statements
of all the great facts of American history, clothed in
language clear and elegant, and it is believed its use
as a text-book will tend to make daily class recita
tions in History one of the most profitable and inter
esting of all studies.
The third, or Pictorial History, is intended for stu
dents in High Schools and Academies who wish a
fuller work than the preceding. It possesses all the
merits of the other works, being equally well adapted
to all purposes of a text-book.
Each of the three books of this series is copiously
and beautifully illustrated with maps, views, and
portraits, and neatly printed on highly-finished pa
per. The Second and Third Books contain notes re
vealing many curious and important historical facts.
which add greatly to their value as interesting text
books. The chronological table of American events,
the sketches of American biography, and the inser
tion of the Declaration of Ihdependence and the
Constitution of the United States, arranged for study
and class exercise, are also among the excellent fea
tures of these works.
Favorable terms made for introduction. •
MASON BROTHERS, Publishers,
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OFFICE, 730 cnEwrivuT STREET,
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PHILADELPHIA, January 1. 1866
DEAR SlR: — The Ice business heretofore carried on
brus under the name of Moll ere Ice C 0.," will here
after be known as the COLD SPRING ICE AND
COAL COMPANY." We respectfully solicit from
you a continuance of your favors under the new ar
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supplied by the Cold Spring Ice and Coal Co. with Ice
of toe best quality, always at the lowest market rates,
and with regularity and promptness.
WO LBERT Sr BROTHER.
(INCORPORATED APRIL. 18 4.)
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WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
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BA LLARD'S
1315 CHESTNUT STREET,
BELOW BROAD.
ONE PRICE.
4th Vittairativo.
PRESBYTERIAN
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE,
N 0.1334 CHESTNUT STREET,
AMADELPHIA
BOWEN'S DAILY MEDITATIONS.
12n0.,4.29 pp. V. 75. Tinted paper, gilt edges, ~'3 50.
The author, Rey. George Bowen, grew up in New
York City, a skeptic, but. "by a remarkable chain of
providences," was led to Christ, and has been .1 , 7 eigh
teen years a missionary in India.
"He became one of the most earnest an t
single
hearted Christians we have ever known. Inc Bible
was his book,.and he searched it constantly, prayer
fully, for hidden treasures. If he had met you on
Broadway, he would stop you a moment to tell of some
new beauty or sweetness he had discovered in the
Divine word. Such a man's meditations are as water
fresh from the fountain. They are deeply spiritual.
and adapted to quicken the faith and love of the
reader."—Herald and Recorder, Cincinnati.
Rev. William R. Williams, D.D., of New York, (Bap
tist), says, "It is a book of rare merit, marked by deep
piety, insight into Scriptures, original genius, and
uncompromising directness. I know of no book of is
class equal to it."
In this opinion heartily concurs the Rev. Thomas II
Skinner, D.D., who knew the author well while a stu
dent in the Union Theological Seminary.
Rev. E. E. Adams, D.D., of Philadelphia, and many
othhrs well qualified to judge, have commended the
book in the strongest manner, and particularly for its
freshness and originality.
LEAVES OF CONSOLATION.
Selected and edited by Mrs. H. Dwight Williams.
12m0., 360 pp. Sl 50. Tinted paper, gilt edges, $2.
This volume will be welcomed into many stricken
and sorrowing households. It is composed of judici
ous selections from the choicest literature in our
language, addressed to the desponding and desolate.
who, in times of bereavement, love to linger among'
the " graves of theirhoasehold," and dwell upon the
state oflhe departed. The aim of the compiler is to
induce some to make a good and wise use of afflictive
dispensations, to see the hand of God in them all, and
to feel that "the Judge of all the earth will do right."
To many sorrowing souls this will be a precious balm.
—Presbyterian Banner, Pittsburg.
SOCIAL HYMN AND TUNE BOOK.
ISSUED LESS THAN ONE YEAR AGO.
16m0., 510 pp. The SIXTH EDITION is in press
(2500 each edition.)
SOCIAL HYMNS.
Just issued. 18mo., WU pp. This is the same as the
"Social hymn and Tune Book," with the omission o/
the tunes, and is published in corresponding styles of
binding. Muslin. 75 cents Sheep, 90 cents Flexible,
$1 10.
NEW SABBATISCIIOOL BOOKS.
DUTCH TILES; Or,
Loving Words about the Saviour.
18rno., 171 pp.. 19 original illustrations. SO cents
WHAT TO DO.
For the Little Folks.
•
113 pp., 6 original illustrations. 60 cents
BLACK STEVE; Or,
The Strange Warning.
18mo., 83 pp.. 2 original illustrations. 40 cents
RIFF, AND OTHER TALES.
18mo., 84 pp., 3 illustrations. 40 cents
li)otggraptit.
WENDEROTR I TAYLOR & BROWN'S
FINE ART GALLERY,
912 and 914 CHESTNUT STREET,
1019-13 ,
AGENCY, 353 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.,
ATELIER PHOTOGRAPHIC.
A. J. DE MORAT.
S. E. corner Eighth and Arch Streets.
PHILADELPHIA.
The public are invited to exams speohness of Life
Size in Oil, Water Colors, Ivorytype, India Ink, and
Porcelian Pictures of all sizes.
CARD PICTURES, S 2 50 PER DOZEN.
Entrance on Eighth Street.
X. P. SIMONS would call attention to his LIFE
SIZE PHOTOGRAPHS. Those living at a distance
can have Daguerreotypes, Photographs, Scc., copied
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and description of complextion, hair, &c. All pic
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M. P. SIMONS,
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G. C. REIJKAUFF,
LOOKING-GI/ASSES, 14
PHOTOGRAPH AND 11111 i
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OLD WORK REGILT
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