IDE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN
AND
GENESEE EVANGELIST.
Belisten s and Family Newspaper,
IN MN INTERIM OP TEM
Constitutional Presbyterian Church.
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY,
AT TEE PRESBYTERIAN HOUSE,
1334 Chestnut Street, (2d atom) Philadelphia.
Ser..lohn W. Nears. Editor and Publisher.
3mtritaitturbgteriait.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1866.
LAY PREACHERS.
Some months ago we noticed a movement
started in the Church of England, under
the auspices of the Archdeacon of London
and others, for bringing laymen of that
Church, of suitable qualifications, into some
official connection with the work of minis
tering the Gospel to the masses which the
existing ecclesiastical arrangements failed
to reach. The plan suggested by the ori
ginators of the movement, was the rather
incomprehensible one of a quasi diaconate
—a class, (perhaps we should say an order,)
selected from the laity, and authorized by
Episcopal authority to render assistance in
the ministry„ under the direction of the
parochial clergy. It was submitted to the
archbishops and bishops of the Church,
and by them entertained as a proposition
of high importance. The scheme, however,
received important modifications under their
hands. A.s offered to them, it seemed likely
to breed confusion, if nothing worse, in
the three•orders system of Episcopalianism,
and the plan of a sub-diaconate was incon
tinently dismissed. They, however, deter
mined upon the public appointment of such
persons as the bishop, after due examina
tion; shall deem suitable, to whom the name
of "Readers" shall be given, and who
shall perforni substantially the work con
templated in the original proposition.
The precise official niche which this
new class is to fill, is not very apparent.
The amendment of the - scheme at the hands
of the Episcopate, does not much relieve it
of its complexity. The Readers are not to
be set apart by the imposition of hands,
and so the three Orders is supposed to re
main intact. They remain in the laity, and
yet are taken out from the ordinary rela
tion of the laity to the Church. The sys
tem, in its working, will undoubtedly re
veal some crudities, and the time spent and
vexation suffered in untwisting the ecclesi
astical kinks, will, for awhile, impede its
progress, and possibly cause into becotne a
dead letter on the records of the Upper
House. If, however, there is true earnest
ness in the project, and if there shall be
patience to bear with its earlier defects and
amend its mistakes, it may grow into an
enterprise of inestimable importance.
Intended remedies for existing defects,
if they fail as remedies, may still serve as
symptoms of those defects. The Church of
England is not alone in making the dis
covery that, under the existing arrange
ments for ministerial labor, a thoroughly
aggressive evangelism is not likely to be
carried forward, and that some better sys
tem must be devised for entrusting men of
good common judgment, talent for address,
and warm Christian zeal, but not educated
for the ministry, with the work of publish
ing the Gospel; and that, for the effective
ness of the measure, some official status, or
some definite ecclesiastical relations, must
he given to those men. That Church is
not the first that has attempted to give
shape and system to lay effort. The idea
is measurably realized in the' Methodist
class leader, and in the Presbyterian ruling
elder,* although it must be confessed that,
in both cases, the realization is at present
mainly theoretical; and up to the present
hour, a well systematized plan for a lay
agency for carrying the Gospel, by public
proclamation, to the multitudes of rthe
Christian world, is an open problem—
almost the problem of the Chureh in this
We should rejoice to see it worked out
and put in successful operation by say
evangelical branch, of the Church. Our
hope of such a result from the movement
above mentioned is not high; and we
therefore hope that those who earnestly de
sire that some explicit system for< a lay
ministry should be brought into being, will
not stake their views of its feasibility upon
the success of this scheme. There is little
adaptation to it in the polity of that
Church. The whole system of the Chris
tian ministry is there so ramified with
orders, prerogatives, prescriptions, and
crossing and recrossing tracks of authori
ty, that the kind of labor proposed will
lack the quality of freeness—a point no
where more desirable.than when a preacher
goes among a people unused to rules,
and in dealing with whom the device of
the moment must often stand in the stead
of the wisdom of rubrics.
A still greater occasion of doubt lies in
* It is not meant by this to clue the Presby
terian ruling elder among the laity. By lay
efert we refer to those religious labors which
areperformed by persona who do not bear the
e B lguation of ministers of the Gospel; i. e.,
ministers of the word and ordinances. We nse
the term rather in the popular than the ecclesi
astical sense.
U.
. 4
but it.f
M 440
New Series, Vol. 111, No. 34.
the present distracted state of the Church
of England. Between the upper and nether
millstones of ritualism and broad-church
ism, its struggle is rather for self-preserva
tion than aggressive upon sin at large.
The ritualists will, of course, scout the idea
that men are to be fitted for the Church
and heaven by becoming evangelized.
Their faith is not in the living Gospel, but
incenses, altar-lights and ribbons. Broad
churchmen see no distress in the case of
the neglected millions, except it be want
of good morals, the common decencies of
life, or bread. The Gospel, as such, is
nothing to them, and why should they
make any special effort to bring the wicked
under its power ?
In view of these embarrassments under
which the really evangelical portion of the
Church of England must take hold of the
work of a systematized lay effort, we could
wish, not that they had overlooked it, but
that, as an experiment, it was also in other
hands. We should be glad to see the non
conforming Churches of ,the old country
giving to it their better-conditioned ener
gies for such a work. We should be espe
cially glad to see it occupying the attention
of any or all the evangelical denominations
in this country, for here, more than any
where in the old country, the experiment
might be comparatively unembarrassed,
and would have free working room. It
has been repeatedly commended to the
Presbyterian Churches. The occasion for
it is sufficiently pressing, and it is worth a
trial.
JOHN ROSS.
"A prince and a great num."
[The following brief sketch of the dis
tinguished Cherokee Chief JOHN Ross
was prepared for our columns by Dr. S. W.
Butler of this city, son of Dr. Elizur But
ler, who was for more than thirty years a
missionary of the American Board among
the Cherokees, and who, with Rev. S. A.
Worcester, suffered imprisonment in the
Georgia penitentiary eighteen months, for
resisting the encroachments_ eL that State
on the rights of the Cherokees, and on ,
their own rights as citizens of the United
States. In this they were sustained by the
Supreme Court of the United States, whose
mandates, however, under the connivance
of President Jackson, were for a time nul
lified, though the missionaries were finally
liberated, thereby postponing a conflict
which broke out in the rebellion of 1861.]
On Sabbath afternoon, August sth, the
remains of Hon. JOHN Ross, Principal
Chief of the Cherokee Indians, one of the
most remarkable men of our times, were
consigned to earth in Wilmington, Dela
ware, by his afflicted family, the official
representatives at Washington of the Chero
kee people, and a large concourse of citizens
of * Wilmington, with many friends from
abroad. As a representative man, one who,
in the orderings of Providence, was largely
instrumental in elevating his people from a
state \ of barbarism and ignorance to civili
zation and Christianity, his memory is
worthy of more than a mere passing notice.
Mr. Ross was born on the 3d of Oct°.
ber, 1790, in the Cherokee country, which
was then located within the bounds of the
States of Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and
North Carolina. His father was a Scotch
man, his mother a Cherokee. In the
neighboring . State of Tennessee he obtained
what was then regarded as quite a liberal
education, which was greatly improved in
after years, by reading and observation.
He early gave evidence of great energy
and sound judgment, and thereby gained
great influence in the nation.
In 1812 he went with a small party on
a mission attended with some peril, the
object of which was to prevent Tecumseh
from enlisting the Western Indians in the
war against the United States. On his re
turn he took a commission in the Cherokee
regiment, which fought in the service of
the United States in the Creek war, and
was in the battle of Horse Shoe.
As a prominent and influential man in •
the councils of the r nation, one of his first
efforts in the cause of civilization ,was to
open public wagon roads through the na
tion. In this he had to contend against
the prejudices of those who were jealous'of
the influence of the white man. He suc
ceeded, however, and in this way an impor
tant step was taken toward giving •the
Cherokees the character of a pastoral peo
ple. Through his influence, about the
year 1826, the Cherokees adopted a consti
tution and written laws. These were
printed a year or two subsequently, for the
first time. This eonbtitution was republi
oan'in forrit, and was modeled after that of
the United•Statee. It gave the Cherokees
a Principal and an Assistant Chief, who
were elected every four years, and a Senate
s is 4 4 V: Il_ DAY, AUGUST '23, 1866:
and House of Representatives (called
" Committee" and " Council') elected
every two and four years, also a judiciary
system much like that of the United States.
Abqut this time, as a result of this grop
ing, as it were, of the Cherokee people
after civilization, one of the most remark
able inventions ever made by man was
brought to light. George Guest, an untu
tored Cherokee, impressed with the supe
riority of the white race, and attributing it
to their ability to " talk on paper," set
himself to work to invent an alphabet.
After the most persevering effort, he suc
ceeded in giving his people the most simple
and perfect alphabet perhaps extant, being
a syllabic one, composed of eighty-five
letters. Some of the characters were origi
nal, while others were copied from the
English alphabet. While engaged in this
work, Guest became an object of ridicule
with many of his people, and was charged
by' some with sorcery ; but. Mr. Ross, on
hearing of his efforts, visited him at his
cabin and gave him his countenance and
support. As a result of this invention a
large portion of the Word of God has been
translated into the Cherokee language, and
is printed in their own characters, and
nearly every man, woman and child can
read it. Two or three years ago the Ame
rican Bible Society printed and .sent the
Cherokees three thousand copies of the
New Testament, beautifully printed in
their own characters, to supply the wants
of the people, as their own presses had been
silenced by the war which had desolated
their land.
Under the new constitution, Mr. Ross
was elected Principal Chief in 1828, since
which time he has been regularly re-elected
by vote of the people, every four years, to
the present time. Soon after his elevation
to the Chieftaincy, began that struggle with
the State of Georgia, and ultimately with
the other neighboring States, and the
United States, which ended in might pre
vailing over right, and the final removal of
the Cherokees from their rightful domain
east of the Mississippi to lands set apart for
them_west of that river. The real object of
removing . the Cherokees was aid
of the area of slavery, and the possession of
some gold mines within the bounds of the
nation, and the means made use of was a
fraudulent treaty made with a few irrespon
sible individuals, by which the whole na
tion was' bound against their solemn pro
test. This action of the Government very
naturally created feuds in the nation, which
were, however, buried in the treaty of 1846,
and but for the rebellion of 1861, would
never have been revived.
Through all these troubles, Mr. Ross
was the consistent, earnest, and able advo
cate of the cause of his people, counselling
moderation and submission to the authority
of the Government, when he found that
peaceable resistance to its oppressive mea
sures was vain. And when, in 1837, a re
smoval was forced upon his people, he suc
ceeded in effecting an arrangement with
the Government by which the contract for
the removal was given to Cherokees instead
of to heartless white contractors, who, he
knew but too well, would have embezzled
the funds at the cost of thousands of lives.
As it was, the effects of this forced emigra
tion of fifteen to twenty thousand people
over two thousand miles, through a country
in which they were beset with wiles and
temptations of every kind, could but be
very fatal to both the lives and the morals
of the people.
It has been remarked,as a striking Illus
tration of the sterling' qualities of the
Cherokees, that after this removal across
the Mississippi, they had no sooner settled
in their new home than all the laws and
the form of government they had before
their removal,' were immediately put into
harmonious operation.
With Mr. Ross, the greatobject was the
education of his people, and their advanee
went in husbandry and the mechanic arts.
To this end, it was his policy. to expend the
monies received from Government for the
lands which they had been forced to sell,
for educational purposes, and to supply the
:people With implements of husbandry and
the mechanic arts, instead of having them
distributed. ilr capita, as =is the deplorable
'custom with-most of the Indian tribes: By
this means the Cherokees` established cotn
mon schools throughout the nation, and a
male and female seminary, or high school.
These schools were absolutely free. The
teachers were paid liberal salaries, no dis
tinetion being made between the salaries.of
male and female teachers, as Mr. Ross said
he could not see why a woman' jabs3r: of
the same kind wail not worth as much as a
man's.
Thns the rebellion of 1861 found, the
Cherokees peacefully pursuing a °tune of
rational and remunerative b2dustry based
on freedom and'intelligence. They were
rapidly becoming an educated and wealthy
people. Their traditional instincts were
that of opposition to the spirit, and princi
ciples, and people by which the country
was plunged into war. But the leaders of
the rebellion, with an eye to the vast do
main occupied by the Indian tribes of the
West, early sought to entangle them in the
war against the National Government.
They succeeded in cutting them off for
awhile from help from the United States
troops, and by menaces, threats and decep
tion, finally succeeded in compelling them
to enter into treaty stipulations with them.
This was : firmly zesisted, as long as resist
ance was posgble, but the same principle—
the preservation of his people—which in
duced Mr. Ross to yield to the forced re
moval of the nation west, in, 1837, impelled
him, for the time, to yield to the force of
circumstances in this case. But the rebels
never felt much confidence in the sincerity
of the Cherokees, and appreciated the ne
cessity of keeping a strong force to guard
them.. It was also a significant fact, that
the posts of honor in the rebel armies and
councils were not given to the leading men
of the nation.
In 1862, the approach of the United
States forces gave the Cherokees an oppor
tunity of evincing their loyalty to the Gov
ernment by enlisting into its service, and
three regiments were formed out of a
voting population of 4500, who fought to
the close of the war. At this time Mr.
Ross esoaped from the nation, under escort
of a small body of United States troops,
who, at great risk, went for him, and took
up his abode in this city. That he could
not safely have remained in the nation was
evinced by the persistent, and in some in
stances, successful efforts made by rebel
guerillas to murder members of his family,
and by the destruction at their hands of
all his property. But Mr. Ross did not
in his exile from the nation forget his peo
ple, but labored earnestly with the authori
ties at Washington on their behalf.
It is worthy of note here that the Chero•
kees, under the administration of Mr. Ross,
havh3g - voichlarilyemaneipated-their slaves
in 1862, have been the first to grant them
equal political rights with themselves, and
thereby set an example worthy of imitation
by white men.
In the face of all Mr. Ross had done
and suffered, the last year of his life was
embittered, and his days much shortened,
without doubt, by the heartless treatment
he experienced at the hands of a corrupt
Government official. Justice was, however,
done by Government when he was on his
diving bed. The last several months of his
life were spent in Washington in company
with a delegation of his people in settling
their affairs with the Government. He,
howev'er, became so ill. as to be unable
to . trans'act business, and a treaty was con
cluded by the delegation without his coun
sel and advice just before his death.
Mr. Ross died at Washington on the
Ist of August, aged seventy-six. For two
or three days before his death he was de
lirious, and talked incessantly of his people,
frequently averring that he was not a rebel,
but that he had done all that he could do.
His last intelligible words were : " Z have
done all lcould for my people." Thus this
good and great 'man, who was hounded
through life by wicked and corrupt agents
of the Government, finally had Ids gray
hairs brought by them with sorrow to the
grave.
Mr. Rosa had five children by his first wife,
a Cherokee, four of whom are still living.
The old* son was captured by the rebels,
though a . non-combatant, taken to Texas,
and starved in a stockade, so-that when he
was released he barely had strength to
reach St. Louis, where he died. His
second wife, an accomplished lady of Wil
mington, Del., died rather more than a
year ago. By the latter marriage he had
two children, a son and daughter, both of
whom were with him when he died.
Mr. Ross had been for many years a
consistent Member of the Methodist Epis
copal ()lurch and at the`tithe of his death
was connected with Trinity M. E. Church
of this city. He was a consistent tereper
once man, never yielding his principles
even among the corrupting influences of
public' life at Washington. On his:death
bed he took alcoholic stimulants under
Feted, and only when specially ordered to
do his medical adviser.
Ftmeral . sbrvioeh were held at Washing
ton city , on Friday, the 3d inst. The body
was embabned and dressed in a suit of
black cloth.. It was placed in a Seollay
deedorizing case, covered with black cloth,
which was heavily, mounted with silver
h a ndles'and. 'trimmings, and bore on the
breast a silver plate inscribed, "Joan
Rosa, Chief'of the Cherokeea; born Oct.,
Gene,see Evangelist, No. 1057.
3, 1790; died August 1, 1866." A beau
tiful wreath and bouquet of flowers, from
the green-house at the Executive Mansion,
were placed on the coffin by a lady during
the service. The funeral services, which
were very impressive, were conducted
by Rev. B. P. Brown, of the Foundry
Methodist Episcopal Church ; Rev. Dr. A.
D. Gillette, of the Thirteenth Street Bap
tist, and Rev. Dr. Septimus Tustin, of the
Presbyterian denomination; and at the
conclusion, the corpse was borne to the
hearse by the following pall-bearers :—Col.
Win. A. Phillips, of Kansas, Attorney to
the Delegation, and commander of the In
dian Brigade; Capt. White Catcher, Capt.
Joseph McDaniel, Capt. Smith Christie,
Lieut. S. H. Benge, D. H. Ross, Esq.,
and the Rev. J. B. Jones, of the Bap
tist Church. The above named gentle
men are all members of the Cherokee
delegation, tried and veteran soldiers, who
ventured life and limb to defend the flag
which their venerable and beloved chief
loved so well.
Queen Emma, the dowager queen of the
Sandwich Islands, relict of the late Keine
hameha IV., is now in this country, having
arrived early in the month from England,
where she has spent the last few months.
Whether our people are becoming cured of
that rage for titled visitors which has hith
erto'scandalized our republican simplicity,
or whether from the deep public absorption
in weightier matters, we know not—but for
some reason we are taking this royal visit
quite tamely. The official compliments and
ceremonials always due on suchrcoasions,
are going forward. The queen was waited
on in New York by the local representatives
of the Government, and shown those objects
which were calculated to impress her with
the greatness and power of our nation. At
Washington she had a formal reception by
the President, who conveyed, his welcome
in a graceful speech, which, by the way, is
about the first since his accession, in which
he forgot to tell that he was first an humble
tailor-boy, then a Tennessee lawyer, then a
State legislator, and so onto the climax of
greatness. She was domiciliated with See'y
Seward,and accepted national hospitalities of
various kinds, conducting herself with wo
manly amiability and the gracefulness of
an accomplished lady. But thus far, out
aide of these official courtesies, the advent
of this lady has raised, scarcely a ripple on
the surface of society.
Our people have lost their propriety on
less worthy occasions. Queen Emma is,
from all mounts, a lady who hut interest..
ing traits. With Christian people, it is a
matter of no light consideration, that,
although herself having some mixture of
English blood, she still represents a
race so recently brought up from the
most pitiable 'heathen degradation,
tirely through the instrumentality of the
THE FUNERAL AT WILMINGTON
The remains of Mr. ROss were interred
in the beautiful Wilmington and Brandywine
Cemetery, Wilmington, Del., on Sabbath
afternoon, the sth inst., from the residence
of his brother-in-law, Mr. John W. Stapler.
They will, no doubt, be reclaimed by his
people when the National Council meets in
October, and removed West. The funeral
services were held in the new chapel of
Grace M. E. Church. The opening prayer
was offered by Rev. J. G. Hamner, pastor
of South Street Presbyterian Church, in
this city. The Scriptures were read by
Rev. Mr. Curtis, after which remarks ap
propriate to the occasion were made by Rev.
Mr. Rittenhouse, of the Methodist Episco-
Pal, and Rev. Mr. Aikman. of the Hano
ver Street Presbyterian Church, Wilming
ton. Both these gentlemen acquitted them
selves well. The funeral was one of the
largest that ever took place in Wilmington.
The Cherokee delegation acted as pall
bearers, as at Washington.
The following beautiful and appropriate
lines were written by Francis De Haas
Janvier, Esq., of Washington, who knew
Mr. Ross well, and honored him :
JOHN ROSS.
Dead! The mighty Chief is dead!
Fallen is the Nation's head 1
Eyes unused to tears, to-day,
Weep, in sorrow, o'er his clay.
Dead! Let all his people mourn,
Stricken, silent, and forlorn;
Let them gaze, with sad sarprise,
On this costly sacrifice.
Dead! That they might live, to be
Faithful, prosperous, and free ;
Theirs alone, his latest breath;
Theirs his life, and theirs his death.
Dead I We stand around his bier;
Ended is his great career ;
Bat we know, though life is o'er,
He is deathless, evermore.
Dead below, he lives on high ;
Lives where virtue cannot die
Lives where God new life imparts ;
Lives in all trot patriots' hearts.
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missionaries sent out by the American
Board. Herself taught the truths or
Christianity and whatever of human learn
ing she has, by them, and moulded by their
influence to grace her royal state, she is a
living illustration of the wealth of blessing
for body and soul which Christian missions
from America have carried to those dark
regions of the globe.
We are sorry to add that the religious
history "of the queen has disclosed some
weak points, the most conspicuons of which
is a susceptibility to the seductions of
pageantry. It was through this flaw in
her constitution, that she became one of
the first victims of the attempt to transfer
the simple-hearted Islanders to an Anglican
ritualism, tend is now one of the most influ
ential supporters of the hierarchy transport
ed to the islands by Bishop Staley. Her
interest in that enterprise forms the true
errand of her visit, both to England and
the United States. She comes for money
for Bishop Staley. This fact may, by-and.
by, induce some of our highest churchmen
and churchwomen to attempt a demonstra
tion over her, but it has unquestionably
done something to abate the public interest
in her visit.
The Anglican movement in the Sand
wich Islands is now pretty well understood
It, is an open onslaught upon the American
missions, for turning over the converts, not
merely to an ordinary prelacy, but to the
most excessively Romanizing influences in
the English Church. Bishop Staley, ite
head, visited England last year, retailed
the foulest slander against the American
work, and asked for money. His suooess
in the latter particular was mortifyingly
small. He then came to this country,
showed himself to the Episcopal Triennial
Convention, told the same stories, and asked
for money. His success was next to no
thing. Stung by his failure, it was' a
bright thought to try the influence of a
woman, and that woman a queen. She has
been, as we have said, to England, and not
without effect. The London Patriot makes
the following remarks in relation to her
visit there :
Queen Emma is about to set sail again for
Hawaii, after her lengthened, and, we hope,
pleasant European sojourn. She has enlisted
the interest of the English people by her
graceful demeanor, and she returns laden
with the good wishes of us all. Bat not, it
would seem, with so much High-Chnrch cash
as she expected. The John Bull has to re
' mind its Mends "of a vulgar but true pyo
verb, that sympathy without relief is like
mustard without beef." Some £5OOO have
been raised in aid of the Anglican Establish
ment in Hawaii, and about as much more
toward building a cathedral, which is to cost
£10,000; and this, the paper already
_quoted
thinks, altogether insufficient. The Bishop
of Oxford has not dared to challenge public
opinion again as he did last autumn on the
subject of the Anglican scheme ; but " the
friends of the Mission had a most interesting
meeting" at Willis's Rooms last week, at
which pretty pictures of the proposed cathe
dral were exhibited—the interior view " de
picting the Bishop of Honolulu, vested in
mitre, chasuble, and alb, giving the benedic
tion I" The Primate, the Bishopof London,
and the Bishop of Oxford appeared as spon
sors for Bishop Staley's enterprise. The
Bishop of London, we are told, "folly re
cognized the benefits conferred by the inde
pendent missionaries," but insisted that
Bishop Staley deserved theirentire confidence
and hearty support, and referred to Queen
Emma as, "in her own person, affording the
best proof of the benefits of Christianity being
extended to
.the Islands." And in that
reference he vindicated the American mits•
sionaries, and demonstrated the unnecessary
character of Bishop Stale ' s expedition ; for,
though we dare say his Lordship forgot to
name it to his audience, it is nevertheless a
fact that the Queen owes all her education
and religious knowledge to the American
missionaries, in whose schools she was in
structed before Bishop Staley came near the
Islands. Mr. Manley Hopkins tried hard to
Make out that the late king had asked for a
bishop ; but he was obliged to admit that he
had none but circumstantial evidence to give:
Bishop Staley, he informed "the friends
the mission," wrote hopefully of the future,
though "fighting against difficulties and op
position caused by denominational Clam
dans ;" as if the Bishop and his followers
were not "denominational Christians,"
As a matter of fact, this attempt of the
Anglicans to enter into other men's labors in
a small group of islands at the other side of
the world . , is about the moat shameless piece
of denominationalism and sectarianism- which
modern Christendom can show. The Guar
dian informs the world that the hope which
Queen Emma cherishes most warmly "is
directed to the firm establishment of the
English Church in her brother's dominions,"
and she expects she will snoceed. By all means,
since they have convinced themselves of the
Christian propriety of such an enterprise, let
these Anglicans try their best; but common
decency should keep them from slandering
their forerunners in the work, but for whose
labors Bishop Staley would have found l not.
large and well-ordered city in which to build
a cathedral, but the huts of naked savages,
amongst whom we doubt whether Anghesin
zeal would ever have ventured anything."
PHILADELPHIA CHURCHES.-With the
pretty extensive absence of pastors, for
their sunimer vacations, there has been this..
season less than the usual closing of ebur-i
ohes. The few that have suspended sexti
vices are resuming them, and one by tne
'pastors are returning and receiving, frciii
their people a welcome home,