Jiouttfannuis.
JOHN HUSS AND MARTIN LUTHER.
The story of John Huss, the great Bo
hemian Reformer, has been often told, and
is sufficiently familiar to the student of ec•
clesiastical history. But it may be doubted
whether it has been so well known 'to ordi
nary readers, either as it deserves to be, or
as that of Luther unquestionably is. This
is partly to be ascribed to the remoteness
of the age in which he lived—it is now
just 450 years since his martyrdom; partly
to the character of the reformation he aimed
at, and which did not touch the great doc
trinal abuses, the correction of which, after
all, was an essential preliminary to any rad
ical reformation, such in a word, as the
Church required, and Luther achieved ;
partly to the fact that the 'heroic effort, he
made was not successful, and that his morn
ory has been clouded by the subsequent
excesses of his followers; lastly, and above
all perhaps, to the circumstance, that the
more illustrious name of Luther has eclipsed
that of his great predecessor, ' in the blaze
of whose fame this bright morning star of
the Reformation has almost faded from our
eyes. For these reasons it may be well to
say a little respecting the principal inci
dents of his life, and the more striking
traits of his character, a periodical,
which must have many thousands of read
ers who have not paid much, or, perhaps
any, attention to , the. claims of the great
Bohemian to the grateful homage and ever
lasting remembrance of mankind.
Nor can any who love and revere the
name of Luther forget that it was probably
due to Huss that' LUther was able to do so
much; nay, that he, lived , to 'do anything.
We may say this,,not merely because Huss
was a pioneer in the same great work; that
he shaped many of the stones, and hewed
much of the timber of that Temple he was
not permitted to build; that he made an
impression on the outworks of the fortress
which it was reserved for Luther to storiti;
not merely because Luther derived some
lights, and still greater stimulus, at an
early period of his career, from the history
and writings of Huss, as is seen clearly in
his letters, and in the allusions he made to
him at the Leipsic Disputation ;* not mere
ly, I say, for these reasons, (in fact, all, the
"Reformers before the Reformation," as
they have been well called, are entited to
some of that praise,) but for a more special
reason. In all likelihood, Huss was not
simply the precursor of Luther, but liter
ally paid down, in his , martyrdom, the ran
som of his life. That violation of the
imperial safe-conduct which, to the eternal
shame of Emperor, Pope, Cardinals, and
the whole Council of Constance, involved
the death of Huss, was the very thing
which probably prevented the like crime
in the case of Luther at Worms. Vehe
mently was Cherie§ V. urged to imitate the
conduct of Sigismund, and violate, for the
sake of the Church, the safe-conduct
granted to Luther; strongly was he plied by
the same casuistry, namely, that "no faith
was to be kept with' heretics ; " but Charles
replied that " he had no wis to blush like
his predecessor Sigismund,"—in allusion
to the story of Sigismund's having mani
fested so much weakness, when Huss al
luded to the subject of his safe-conduct, at
the Council of Constance. The scandal of
that iniquitous transaction 'of the previous
century, was Luther's aegis at Worms, and
hence he safely quitted that place which he
had entered with such dauntless courage,
in defiance of so many omens of evil. Thus
was Huss probably the saviour of Luther—
Dipped in his fellow's blood
The living bird went free.
The courage of Luther indeed was as
great as though he too had died a martyr.
During his whole progress to Worms,
whither he went with such inflexidle ob
stinacy against all the remonstrances of his
friends, and the muttered threats of his
enemies, it is evident that he contemplated
the too great likelihood'Of sharing the fate
of Huss. The genies and maxims of ec
clesiastical policy were unchanged; the
terrors of Reformation at least as strong;
and the inheritors of the persecuting prin
ciples of Constance equally unscrupulous.
He would assuredly have died if .Charles V.
had not been afraid of "blushing."'
And as Huss deserves the veneration of
posterity, scarcely more for what he,did in
the cause of Reformation than for the
spell which his mane and fate.thiew around
Luther, so his history itself is full of deep
est and most tragical interest. ,In the vast
catalogue of martyrs there is hardly a victim
whose fate awakens such unmingled admi
ration for the unflinching fortitude and
constancy with , which he adhered to what
he deemed truth,
.and suffered for it; or
which, inspires such vivid, and, indeed,
exquisitely painful sympathy, as we read
the story. Exported, single-handed, to the
concentrated enmity of the whole Roman
Church and hierarchy, as embodied .in the
Conned of Constance,—to Pope and Cardi
nals, Emperor and Princes; feeling that
the whole might of prescription, both of
the present and the past, was against him;
doubtless often tempted to ask himself; as
Luther sometimes did, and as Huss wasstill:
more likely to do in that earlier and darker
age, "Whether it was possible that he alone
should be right, and all the rest of the World
wrong?"--troubled with those tremors of
heart which such a pOsSibility could not
bat awaken, he yet held on his way—though
darker and darker at every step—undaunt
ed. Such was the mastery which the truth
had over him, so gloriously imperious was
conscience, so profound his reverence' for
Scripture, and so resolute was he, like
Luther, 'to yield obedience to that alcine,
that he was proof alike against shame and
ignominy, cajolery and adulation, promises
and threats, and at last sealed his testimony
by enduring death in the most appalling of,
all shapes. This last proof of heroism, in
deed, many men have given, both' before
* " When I studied at Erfurdt," says Lather,
in the edition of the letters of Russ (1587), "
found in the library of the convent, a book en
titled The Sermons of John Huss. I had a
great curiosity to know what doctrines that arch
heretic had propagated. My astonishment was
incredible. I could not comprehend why they
burnt so great a man, who explained the Scrip
tures with so much skill and gravity. . . But as
his name was held in such abhorrence that I
imagined the sky would fall and the sun be
darkened if I made honorable mention of him,
I shut the book with no little indignation."
and after hail. But very few, if any, ever
passed such an ordeal of absolute abandon
ment to the " cruel mockings" and wrongs
of a hostile world, with so majestic a pa,
tience as he did. Huss before the Council
of Constance is one of the sublimest pic
tures in the whole gallery of history.
* * *
While it is true that John Huss was a
pioneer of the Reformation, it is also true
that the Reformation he sought was not of
doctrine so much as of morals and of gov
ernment. He pleaded, quite justly, that
he was not guilty of the heresies of which
his enemies accused him; he was, as already
said, burned for very different reasons. He
was orthodox on transubstantiation, believed
in the, intercession of saints,. worshipped
the Virgin Mother; held by'purgatory and
prayers tor• the dead; and, though, he
thought the cup ought to be given to the
laity, did not make even that (which was
the bond and characteristic symbol of his
followers) an essential point. In inveigh
ing against the monstrous evils of the great
schism, against the corruptions in the gov
ernment of the Church, and the vices of
her ministers, he had done little more than
many others, both before him and after
him. Nay, at Constance itself almost
equal freedom was used, But, as Wad
dington justly observes, the offence of Huss
consisted in this—that the "Bible," and
not the "Church,", was the source of, his
reforming zeal.
It would have been well if the Reforink
tion that Huss contemplated hid included
dogma; for there could' be no effectual is,
formation without it. Hence chieflYit was
that Luther's ,was .more durable and effica
ohms: Both reformers had their eyes first
opened by those moral enormities which
most readily struck the sense, and which
were the ne plus ultra of the recession of
the Church from Christian truth. Both
spoke with - almost equal vehemence against
false miracles, indulgences, and the vices
of the clergy. But Luther looked further,
and saw deeper; and attacked, one after
another, those' corruptions of'' doctrine
which were the secret roots of the evils in
practice. So little force is there in the
modern .and too favorite notion, that dogma
is of little or no consequence, or that one
set of doginaS is nearly as good as another I
Looking at men in geheral, as are their
convictions, (supposing these firm and sin- ,
cere,) such also will be their life, whether
good or evil. The superstition which
buries truth, and the scepticism which
doubts whether there be any, are in the
end almost equally pernicious to the morals'
of mankind; .both alike tend to repress all
that is noble and magnanimous in our.
nature. What we find true in politics, is
certainly not less true in theology; and we
all know what sort of patriot and statesman
he is likely to prove who believes that it
matters not what party-badge he wears or
what political creed he professes; who
doubts whether it be not wisest to let the
world jog on as it will, and to acquiesce in
any time-honored' abuse or inveterate cor
ruption which it will trouble and involve
sacrifice to: extirpate. But there is this
difference in the two cases, that the world
will tolerate in theology the character which
it is too astute not to abhor in politics.
It is in vain, however, to blame Hues for.
not going deeper or further. He' lived a
century before Luther; and neither he nor
his contemporaries were prepared in the'
fifteenth century to receive or act upon
views which were feasible only in the six
teenth. But to this high praise he is un
questionably entitled, that he asserted the
very same maxim on which Luther justi
fied his resistance at Worms,—the absolute
supremacy of conscience, unless its errors'
be demonstrated by clear proof from what
both of them affirmed to be alone the ulti
mate authority in matters of faith,—the
Scripture. Though much more than this
is required-fora full and consistent system
of religious liberty, it was a large instal
ment of it; and for vindicating so much of
the great charter of the "Rights of Con
science," and ratifying it with. a martyr's,
seal, John Huss is entitled- to be, held in
lasting and grateful remembrance.—Good.
Words,
SKETCH OF COUNT BISIvIARK,
Count Bismark was,, says the Pall Mall
Gazette, born in 1814 at Schoenbausen, on
the : Elbe, and is of a family which: claims
lineal descent front one of the ancient chiefs
of a powerful Sclavonic tribe. He studied
at the Universities of Gottingen, Berlin,
and Griefs Wald, becazne volunteer in the in
fantry, was made member of the Diet of
Saxony in 1846, and of, the general Diet in
the following year. The singular vivacity
of his language, and his irrepressible ten
dency to start some bold and audacious
paradox, which he then maintained with
remarkable vigor and ability, quickly fixed
the attention of political people. One of
the theories which he expounded in this
fashion: was to the effect that large cities
were centres of all that was mischievous
and w'rong—that they were obnoxious in
the highest degree to the general welfare
of nations, and ought to be destroyed as hot
beds of evil principles. The Revolution of
1848 had the effect of completely confirm
ing M. Bismark in his absolute tendencies.
The King had attentively watched the
career of the young statesman whose politi
cal views were' so eminently, acceptable to
him, and in 1851 M. Bismark was invited
to enter the diplomatic service. His talents„
were,, it would aPpear, quite understood
fiom the first_; for soon afterward the post
of Prussian representative in Frankfort was
vacant ; it -was . certain that difficult and
delicate questions would then require to be
discussed- and settled, and Bismark was
appointed. Whether anything occurred
here to wound' his susceptibilities or irri
tate his Aogmatie and overbearing temper,
cannot be actually ascertained ; but, un
doubtedly, from that period may be dated
his constant manifestations of enmity to
ward Austria. He' never lost any opportu
laity of declaring, in season and out of sea
son, that Austria was not only the heredi
tary foe of Prussia, but was a common
source of danger to Germany, and disquiet
and uneasiness to the whole .of Europe.
Though, in point of fact, Austria always
has been, and in the nature of things always
raustibe, a conservative power rather than
otherwise, sluggish in commencing war,
and more often condemned to defend her
self than to attack others, by continual
THE A'.I4EIiICAN PI,EBRYTERI4N. TiftliSDAY, AIiGUST 2, 1866.
reiterations these accusations received a
certain amount of credit. The Prussian
Liberals did, indeed, dislike M. Bismark,
but not with that bitterness with which a
man is said to regard the enemies in his own
household. At any rate, they detested
Austria more; and when, in 1862, M. Bis
mark was sent to Vienna, and contributed
largely to the exclusion of Austria from
the Zollverein, organizing a systematic
opposition to Count Rechberg and all pro
positions which emanated from him, the
hatred of Liberal and Constitutional prin
pies which has always distinguished the
Prussian Iliniater was apparentlY forgiven,
if not forgotten; It will be remembered
that in 1858.,a remarkable brochure ap
peared,, entitled, ; ," La Prusse et la Question
Itahenne," in which an alliance of Prussia,
Russia, and France was advocated as the
sure means of establishing a German unity
„which should be at once safe and honorable.
Of course, it was to be under the, guardian
care of Prussia. There is hardly any doubt
'that M. Bismark, if he did not actually
write this pamphlet, inspired it, and super
intended its introduction into the world;
and this fact gives a light whereby to read
its character, for it would seem that he is
not only despotic in theory And' . daring in
'action, but that; contrary to the generally
accepted idea, he has patience and can
" bide his, time." In 1859 M. Bismark
: was lent as ambassador to St. Petersburg,
and remained - for three years at the Court
of the Czar. Whatever influence he imay
,have acquired there,. will probablY remain
'barren exceiit - under, certain circumstances
which are not very likely to arise: When
M. Bismark left ,St: Petersburg, he was,
for about six - months, ambassador at Paris,.
and was s summoned' thence to Berlin to
;officiate in the double capacity of Minister
of Foreign 'Affaiii and Maker of the Mlles
Household. This was in 1862. At this
time Prussia was a prey to internal conflict,
carried on, however, with a phlegmatic
calm and cumbrous slowness which were
both incomprehensible and vexatious to
English politicians. The Lower Chamber
steadily and'resolutely resisted the military
reorganization, which tended to weaken
the landwehr as much as it would strength
en the standing army. That in this matter
the members were guided by a wise in
stinet,- is shown by the reluctance of the
landwehr to commence hostilities in the
,present unjust quarrel, whereas M. Bis
;mark's strength lies in the readiness, of
, professional soldiers to engage in any quer
qel. The Budget then was condemned by
an immense majority, but the Upper House
approved it, and the session was abruptly
i closect by Royal mandate. M. Bisniark
, continued in power, and his administration
was distinguished by extreme rigor toward
the press. In 1863 an address was pre
sented by the Deputies to the King, in
which the Minister was straitly charged
with having violated the constitution.
Soon after the Polish Revolution broke
out, and contributed not a little to the
difficulties of the Government. A secret
treaty was concluded with Russia on the
lith of February, in 1863, and as soon as
the Chamber was cognizant of the fact, a
vote of censure was passed against the
Ministry. N. Bismark was nothing daunt
ed thereby, and his conduct at that time
may indicate what we are to expect of him,
generally. He became more than ever in
flexible-and -- headstrong. His
.` apparent
success in the Danish question did not,
however, materially alter the hostile atti
tude of the Liberal party toward him, and
in June, 1865, a storm broke in which
Constitutional rights and principles were
effeetually trampled on by ihe audacious
Minister. It would appear that his abilities
are by no means unappreciated at the
Tuileries, since, when he left the Embassy
at Paris, his Imperial Majesty conferred on
him the Grand Cross of the Legion of
Honor. Count Bismark, has been,, not in
aptly named by his disaffected countrymen,
Der .Maan von Blut and Eisen, (the-man of
blood And iron.) His portrait is familiar
to us 'A large "head: capacioue -fore
head, firth, resolttee mow`h;,and
bearing Brilliant and' bingul i arlY restless
eyes rather take from the otherwiseAfoi 4
euahly German character of his features ,
THE IVIEAAST.IIICHTY WIN GOD . .
Nothing is more . remark.able in the Bible
than to see how God, as if to. teach us to
trust in nothing . aticrin none but:flimself,
selects means that seem theworse fitted
to, accomplish His end.' Does He choose'an
ambassador to Pharoah ?—it is a man of
n stammering, tongue. Are the streams of
Jericho to be sweetened ?—salt is cast into
the spring. Are the eyes of theblind to
be opened ?—they are rubbed with clay.
Are the battlements Ora city to be throth
dovin ?—the means employed is , not the
blast of a mine, but the breath of an empty
trumpet. Is a rock to be riven ?—the
lightning is left to sleep above and the
earthquake with its throes to sleep below,
and the instrument is one, a rod, much
niore likely to be shivered hti the rock than
towshiver it. IS the world to be converted
by preaching, and won from sensual de
lights to a faith whose symbol is -a cross,
and whose crown is to .be won among the
fires of martyrdom ?—leaving sohools, and
halls and colleges,God summons his
preachers fiom th shores of Galilee.
The helm of the Church is entrusted to
hands that had' never steered aught but a
fishing - boat; and by.the mouth of one vile
had been its bloodiest persecutor. Christ
pleads:llia cause before-the philosophers'of
Athens and in the palaces of Rome. And
when He chose .the weak things of the
world to confound the strong and the fool
ish to confound the wise, what did .God
mean to teach us but that we.are to look,
above the instruments, to the great hand
that moves them; and that whether it
was a giant or the devil that was to be con
quered, the eyes of'the body or ,Of the soul
that were to be opened, walls of stone, or
what are stronger, walls of ignorance and
sin that were to be overthrown, men are
but instruments in. His hand,—the meanest
inighty with Him, the mightiest mean
without Him. - =-Dr. Guthrie.
HENRY H ASPER,
No. 520 ARCIiSTREET, rartLAnxiipaLs.
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BROAD AND CHESTETIT STREETS,
DEALERS IN
FINS TEA S,
AND EVERY VARIETY OF
CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES.
Goods delivered in any part of the City, or packed securely for the Country
prmorketping toAS.
FURNITURE.
I have a stock of Furniture in great variety whieb
I will Ballet reduced prices.
Cottage Chamber Setts,
Walnut Chamber Setts,
Velvet Parlor Suits,
Hair Cloth Suits,
Reps Suits,
Sideboards,
Extension Tables,
Mattresses
A. N. ATTWOOD,
1038-tf 45 SOUTH SECOND ST., rmarLe.
PATENTARTICLES
PATENT ICE CREAM FREEZERS,
Patent Old Dominion and
French-Infusion Coffee Pot,
Patent,Sliding Ice Pick,
Patent Gas Stoves,
Patent Fruit Cans and Jars,
Patent Flour Sifters,
Patent Door Springs.
Manufactured and for sale, Wholesale and Retail, by
CHAS. BURNHAM & CO.,
119 South Tenth Street. r
WILLIAM YARNALL,
IMPORTER AND DEALER IN
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS,
No. 1232 CHESTNUT ST., S. E. COE. 12TH,
SUPERIOR REFRIGERATORS,
FINE TABLE CUTLERY, WATER COOLERS
FAMILY HARDWARE.
IRONING TABLES. fra. ea.. 1044-1 y
WALL PAPER
S. W. COR. I.OTH. •Sr, GREEN.
CURTAIN PAPERS, BORDERS, &C.
Good Workmen for putting on paper, and all work
warranted.
3.046.6 m JOHN H. PHAEY.
DANNER'S WASHING MACHINE.
Best in the City.
IT SAVES TTATE
SAVES LABOR..
SAVES CLOTHES
EVERY FAMILY SHOULD HAVE ORE.
For sale at the Furniture Store of
Agents wanted.„ , . I EIA.A-e..
1047:6m No. 837 AtARIKkT Ntieek.
CONF ECTIONS ,
T 4 V 7 P .. : 1)1 %. -..
r i.'-
CAMPHOR TROCHES;
Positive Preventive of
C 1 - 1 0 Mt E iaA. -i'.\ \..,
o Diar c r o l l t e aLli t y or sen e u r ir ed d i C vi ho p ienslior t. lists t
,;..,
4 - 1 12th* Rue 5:5., Philo. t 1
Pe
t• 13 . 14 °
9 . 4 ; -Mailed Olii Tell''
(INCORPORATED APRIL. I& 4.)
Wardrobes,
Lounges, and
PRINCIPAL.
Circulars may be obtained of S. P. Moore
1304 Chestnut Street. and at the Presbyterian Book
Store 1334 Cheitnut Street.
FREDERICH, MI).,
Possesslug full Collegiate Power, will oommence its
TWENTY-FOURTH SCHOLASTIC YEAR,
I WITH LATEST
The Grover & Baker El, If. Co. manufacture. in Mk
ditiori te their celebrated GROVER & BAKEIf.
9TITCH Machine& the most perfect SIIIITTLS or
LOCK - STITCH" Machines in the market. and af
ford .purchasere the opportunity of selecting, after
trial and examination of both, the one best gaited to
their, wants: Other companies manufacture but owe
kind of machine each, and canna offer this opportu
nity of selection to their customers.
A pamphlet. containing saraes . o both the Grover
& Baker Stitch And Shuttle Sti tc h zn f
va t rious fabrics„
with full explanations. diagrams. a , d /frustrations,
to enable purchasers to .zrateine, test. and coispewc
their relative merits, will be furnish t4d, on request.
from our offices throughout he country. Those who
desire machinate which do the beat work, should net
fail to send for a pamphlet, and toot and compare those
stitches for thoreweleeo.
You Gan make Six Dollars and Fifty . Cents.
and examine an invention urgently needed by every
body: Or a sample sent . five by mail, for 50 meta that
retails fork. by A. L. WOLMTT.lloChatharn &pros
New York. 101 -ly
krinaols ant( grOtutics.
NYAIT HSI
COMMERCIAL COLLEGE
TELEGRAPHIC INSTITUTE
ASSEMBLY BUILDING,
S. W. COR. TENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS
The Philadelphia College, an Important
Link in the Great International Chain
of Colleges Located in Fifty Princi
pal Cities in the United States
and Canada's.
The Collegiate Course embrac‘
BOOK - KEEPING,
as applied to all Departments of Business; Jobbing.
Importing Retailing , Commissio n , Ba n ki ng , Manu
facturing, Railroading. Shipping, &c.
PENMANSHIP,
both Plain and Ornamental.
COMMERCIAL LAW.
Treatiugof Property, Partnership, Contracts, Corpo
rations, Insurance, Negotiable Paper, General Aver
age: atc.
COMMERCIAL CALCULATIONS.—Treating of
Commission and Brokerage, Insurance, Taxes, Du
ties,. Bankruptcy, General Average, Interest, Dis
count,' Annuities, Exchange, Averaging Accounts.
Equation of Payments, Partnership. Settlements, &c.
BUSINESS PAPPIR.—Notes, Checks, Drafts, Bills
of Exchange, Invnices, Order, Certified Checks. Cer
tificates of Stocks, Transfer of Stock? : Account or
Sales, Freight, Reoeipts, Shipping Receipts, lee.
TELEGRAPHING.
by Sound and Paper, taught by an able and experi
enced Operator. A Department opened for the ex
clusive use of Ladies.
PHONOGRAPHY
Taught by a practical Reporter.
Diplomas awarded on a Satisfactory Examination.
Students received at any time. 1030-Iy
ILMIIIA MALE CHM,
UNDER THE CARE OF THE
SYNOD OF GENEVA.
This is a regularly Chartered College of the first
rank, and presents advantages of the highest order to
;those who desire a
THOIIOIIOII, ELEGANT, CHRISTIAN
EDUCATION.
The. Buildings, Grounds. Fixtures, 4kc., are esti
mated at more than $lOO,OOO. The government is firm
and safe—the. Course of Study tully equal to the well
known Standard of other Colleges, including Modem
La without extra expense. Next Session
begins
SEPTEMBER sth
Apply early, in order to secure rooms.
Ad. Rey. A. W. COWLES, D.D.
1053-2mdress
President.
THE WEST CHESTER ACADEMY
MILITARY INSTITUTE
The Second Term of the scholastic year commences
on the Ist of February next, and closes on the last
Thursday in June. The Corps of Instructors numbers
Ten gentlemen of ability, tact, and experience, beside
the Principal, who is always at his nost in the School
room.
The. Principal having purchased the extensive
school property of the late A. Belmar, lately occupied
by the Pennsylvania Military Academy, designs re
moving his school there before or during the Easter
Recess.
For Catalogues, apply at the Office of the AMERI
CAN PRESBYTERIAN, or to
WIGWAM F. WYERS, A. M.. Principal
EIRE iD CLASSICAL SCHOOL,
FOR BOARDING AND DAY SCHOLARS.
FORTIETH STREET AND BALTIBIORS
AVENUE,
WEST PHILADELPHIA.
REV. S. H. McIMMJ:Ir,
PRINCIPAL
Pupils Received at any time and Fitted
for Business Life or for College.
RRpgarsaßt4
Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D.: Rev. J. W. Mears; Rev.
Jonathan Edwards, DJ).; Rev. James IV. Crowell,
D.D.; Dr. C. A. Finley, D. S. Army; Samuel Field,
1023. tf
lISTIIIIII
YOITIC4Gr M...A.3D I 3EB.
NORTWEST CORNER OF CHESTNTT and
EIGHTEENTH STREETS.
REV. CHARLES A ShUTH , D.D.,
FREDERICK FEMALE SEMINARY,
THE
. FIRST MONDAY IN SEPTEMBER.
For Catalogues. &e., address
Rev. THOMAS M. CANN, A.M
GROVER &BAKER'S
HIGHEST PREMIIIM
{ LAST! C STITCH
AND LOCK . STITCH
SEWING MACHINES:
OFFICE, WM FamorrErirr srEERT.,
PHELADZIPRIA.
cc DON'T BE FOOLISH'',
SON,
President.