THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN AND GENESEE EVANGELIST. ▲ Rellglousantl Family Newspaper, IK THE INTEREST 07 THE Constitutional Presbyterian Church. PUBLISHED EVERT THURSDAY, AT THE PRESBYTERIAN HOUSE, 1334 Chestnut Street, (2d story,) Philadelphia. Rev. John W. Hears, Editor and Publisher. • THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1866. THE AGE OF CRITICISM. ITS NECESSITY, ONE-SIDEDNESS, AND WEAKNESS. “Fides prtccedit intellectum.”* — Auqustine. “Neque enim quiero intelligere, ut credam, sed credo ut intelligam. Nam et hoe credo, quia nisi credidero non intelligam.”t — Anselm. “If ye will not believe, ye shall not be es tablished. 1 ’ — Isa. vii. 9. The mental characteristics of the age through which we are passing, may be con oisely described in one word: Critical. It is'an age of question, rather than of asser tion ; of doubt, rather than of belief; of analysis, rather than of synthesis. In lite rature and .in high art, men are criticising rather than creating; are writing histories and philosophies of histories, rather than achieving great works; in politics, they are, with notable exceptions, revolutionizing instead of building up nationalities ; in re ligion, they are rationalizing, i. e., criticis ing the grounds of faith, rather than ac cepting and reposing upon them. No production in any department of thought can appear, but instantly a swarm of critics, with keen sight and keener talons, swoop upon it, like the gathering together of the eagles around the carcass. No journal is complete without its critical department; Some live upon that department alone. Not merely from regard to, the publio interest, hut from the force also of this critical bent, had we a Congressional Committee oh the Conduct of the War , and a committee of the whole editorial fraternity of the land vigorously discussing every phase of it, from the beginning to the end. We have criticisms of the critics by other critics. We have reviews reviewed by other reviewers, and a rationale of rationalism by the latest tribe of rationalists. The highest philoso phical problem of the age is said to be in methodology. This phase of thought is upon us, around us, and in us, and cannot be avoided. Its excesses and perversions are criminal; itself is providential, natural—a necessary p'ro oess in the development of the thinking Reflection and analysis it seems, sooner or later must come, in all progress .of the individual or of the race. After every period of more or less unconscious activity, we may expect a pause, in which the mind shall turn to survey what it has done or what has transpired within its , sphere; shall analyze tfye elements of its new knowledge, discuss its value, and reo ognize and appropriate what is good and true as a basis for future advances. Thus its ideas will gain clearness. It will know, as a prudent man of business, the actual amount and state of its possessions. It will be furnished with tests of error. Therefore the critical stage of thought must not be disparaged or denounced as worthless and dangerous. It is a necessary element of progress. Protestantism itself is, in great part, a challenge of the dead spirit of acquiescence in authority, the spirit of stolid and unquestioning content in past acquisitions, that had overspread the world. But this is not all of Protestantism, which its enemies, and false friends alike, would indeed charge with being a mere negation. It asserts the right of private judgment as against ail human assumptions of infalli bility, while it bows the reason and the will in intelligent submission to the Word of God. Protestantism is not mere rational ism, or cold criticism of the foundations of truth. Criticism of itself is. one-sided and defective. Pushed too far, it becomes a vice and an abomination. It may be greatly overvalued and suffered to usurp a place far beyond its own importance and worth. It may be practiced, not only with the hon est purpose of clearing up our knowledge, but with the perverted aim of sweeping it all away, and unmooring us from all the hard-won landmarks of the past. Has the race really made any progress ? Has it gained any knowledge of the mys teries of our being and destiny; or is every thing yet at the mercy of mere guesses ? Is the critical spirit, in its full develop ment, the only real evidence of progress man can show ? Is it our greatest achieve ment to have found out that we have never, as a race, really achieved anything ? It is indeed to-this reductio ad absurdum that criticism, pushed to its one-sided extreme, would bring us. Iu religion, it assails, with sweeping analysis, the standards of our faith, and not only honestly endeavors to give us exaot views of their nature, internal relations and value, blit pushes its work to the actual destruction of their elemental * “Faith precedes knowledge.” f “For I do not seek to know that! may believe, but I believe that I may know. For I also believe, because unless I shall have be lieved I shall not know.” ISTew Series, 'V'ol. 111, ISTo. 3. parts. If we yield ourselves to the exclu sive direction of this bent of our nature, it will land us in utter barrenness of thought, in universal skepticism, in sneering Sad duceism. We not wonder that the poet, Wordsworth, declared that he “ held the critical power very low, infinitely lower than the inventive,” or that he said to a friend, “ if the quantity of time consumed in writing critiques on the works of others was given to original composition of what ever kind it might be, it would be much better employed.” He doubtless had in view the class who indulge that one-sided bent, of their natures to excess, and who blindly exalt it to a supreme place in the mind. We protest against the exaltation of the critical faculty in religion, as -Wordsworth did in literature. It is a grand and fatal mistake, and a grievous wrong to other fac ulties of the soul. It is a sin against .the law of proportion and of healthful develop ment of those faculties. It is worse; it is giving to a faculty, meant only to hold secondary rank, supreme and exclusive im portance. It is making the prying, doubt ing, questioning spirit the ornament and glory of man's nature. It is making it his chief function to suspect. Useful and ne cessary as this may be in its place, it is a mere weakness, a morbid activity, when carried to the extent we see exhibited all around us. The true glory of man is in the right exercise of his capacity op faith. All movements which in themselves, tend to weakeft, confuse, and corrupt this fac ulty, are hostile to man’s true interests and true dignity. They are a degradation in stead of an advancement. The true dig nity and safety of the intelligent creature is an intelligent, unshaken trust in . the Creator, and in his revealed word. The highest and most satisfying exercise of the human mind is in graspiDg firmly the great truths, the soul-sustaining doctrines of the Gospel. • The true strength is to be strong in faith. As the highest dignity and excel lence of literature is in- originating—“ in venting”—as Wordsworth asserted, and not in painfully going over and ’.computing the worth of what has been produced, so the highest exercise of the - religious nature is in appropriating and having formed in our selves, as a personal reality, the truths which God has revealed for our acceptance. The first necessity is to believe; and the seoond necessity : to know why and what we believe, is never so great or so plain as the first: to believe. In a word, the first, the second, and the third necessity, is still, to believe, and all criticism is superfluous, noxious, and wicked, which blinds us to that prime necessity, or seeks to make it secondary. First, we must live, after that and in subordination to that, we may study hygiene,anatomy, and medioine. First, we must have the ship, and though after long voyaging she may need to have her bottom cleansed, let us suffer no man, under pre tense of removing- barnacles and sea-weed, ‘ to hew the staunch planks from her bottom and to rend them from her sides. The capacity to believe in God and to embrace the truth as it is in Jesus; this it is which we must guard, cherish, and cul tivate above all things, and hold it as infi nitely above all the attainments of a busy, boasting, speculative criticism ; as intrinsi cally the most valuable and honorable of the powers with which man is endowed; as giving him real personal, eternal posses sions, which criticism may measure, es timate, and decry, without a title to the smallest portion of them, or indeed of any other real good. The mere critic will die in the midst of the plenty he is chemically investigating, while the believer lives -and is happy forever. IMPARTIAL SUFFRAGE. We are glad to.notice that. Dr. William Adams, of New York, reiterates, in the current number of the Presbyterian Quar terly, the position taken by him last spring on the above subject. We quote a few sentences from page 91:—' “We like the expression impartial suf frage better than universal suffrage. What ever qualifications may be thought proper for the high and solemn duties of a voter, let those qualifications be allowed to work, impartially, without regard to color-. Those qualifications existing, let none be denied the right of voting because of the com plexion of the skin; and on the other hand we may well hesitate to confer that right on any, because they are black, when want ing the qualifications which are expected of others.” We believe the colored men of the coun try would be entirely satisfied with suffrage on these conditions. ' History may be searched in vain, we believe, for an exam ple of a race so lately enslaved, improving with such ardor the opportunities just placed in their reach, to fit themselves for the’duties and responsibilities of citizen ship. PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1866. ALL HAIL, CONGRESS! True hearts all over the land rejoice in the high, honorable, and eminently safe position assumed and steadily maintained by*Congress, on the relations of the lately rebel States to the loyal part of the Union. While there may be some members elect from those States, whom it would be entirely sate to admit, as individuals, to the delib erations and the ams of. the body, who is there that did not feel a thrill of irrepres sible relief, when the greater part of the delegations that had trooped to the Capitol of the nation, confident of easy admission to its highest councils, found out how grievously they (and some others) had. mis taken the real sentiment of the nation, and, like a flock of unclean birds, disappointed, in their prey, reluctantly rose, took wing, and disappeared from the sight. Thank God! we have a Congress, in which, not yet, a recent traitor, fresh from scenes of fiercest and bloodiest effort to overthrow the country, can take bis seat unquestioned by the side of the men that have risked their , all to defend it, or can share with them the most sacred functions entrusted to the servants of the Republic. Thank God! no disloyal community in the South, has, as yet, secured representation, as such, and over the heads of the: loyal portion of the community, white or black, in the legislative branch of the Government. Thank God! no State which refuses the commonest measure of justice and of pro tection to the Freedman, and that giveß evidence of a wish' to perpetuate his degra dation, has been recognized as upon the rolls of this free and victorious sisterhood of States ! Thank God; 1 the precious fruits of victory, purchased by;ah enormous debt,' and .by the sacrifice of three hundred thousand loyal lives, are not legislated out of our reach, nor are likely to be, by the Thirty-ninth • Congress, .or by any body of legislators truly representing the people. All praise to this faithful, immovably loyal body, which seems conscious of the: vastness of its responsibilities, and which may yet be hailed as the saviour of the country, as truly as Gen. Grant and his brave soldiers, or as Mr.. . Lincoln and his Cabinet. There are worthless, heartless politicians, who are looking greedily' towards ! the elements of future party strength in the reconstructed South, and who are vieing with each other in bids for its support. There are those who have not lost, and never will lose, the trick of fawning and grovelling upon the dominant class of the South. There are those who, with all their show of statesmanship, leave out of view the important element of-justice in their schemes of national policy, and who can see no reason for delaying the process of recon struction, to satisfy such an abstraction- as the public conscience. There are those who are supremely anxious for a speedy re turn to a specie basis in business, to a plenty of cotton, to the palmy days of traffic with the South, and who are perfectly wil- I ling to “jump the hereafter” if their selfish wishes may but be gratified in the present; ju|t as they would have yielded the South everything they asked, rather than break with them and go to war. There are those who suffer unchristian and unreasoning prejudice against the colored man to close their eyes to his rights/to make them in different to his fate in the hands of his old masters, or to his aspirations and capabili ties for the future. All these and similar influences are at work in the community; all have their organs in the newspaper press, and their lobbyists (who are often reporters to these papers) in Washington. Some lay large claims to the influence of the Executive, and in a manner most scan dalous in a free country, menace the repre sentatives of the people with the dire con sequences of the displeasure of the Execu tive, if his wishes are not complied with in the matter of reconstruction. Such para graphs as the following, telegraphed from Washington to one of our city dailies during the early part of the session, are a disgrace to the columns of an American journal: “The action of the Senate caucus upon the joint resolution is an augury of better times, and affords sincere gratification to the conser vative masses. The radicals have but to re member that the President holds the.strong est hand, both in a constitutional view and also in the matter of patronage, to compel, if need Joe, an acquiescence in the only policy which he feels sure will restore harmony and true peace to the nation. The power to •appoint and remove is one that few of even his bitterest opponents can withstand, and when it is onee known that the President has determined to use that power to bring the malcontents to terms, there will be a far different feeling in Congress from what was evinoed during the early proceedings of last week - “ The Mexican resolves are, at best, buga boos. A large amount of valuable breath will be wasted in the ‘vindication of the Monroe doctrine, as was the case at the last -Grene.see Evangelist, No. 1026 session; but were Congress to pass a whole hatful of resolutions, it would not succeed in driving the President into ahostile position. ”* Such unworthy attempts to influence a body of high-minded, honorable and un usually able men, put forth, doubtless, utterly without authority, it might be seen beforehand, must fail of their object. Never had we a Congress which so truly represented the best sentiment of the coun try —never had we a body of men in Wash ington so little likely to be swayed by mere partisan influences. Against the resolute will and the stern sense of duty of these legislators, the tide of semi-rebel sentiment, North and South; the reaction towards ex cessive and misplaced leniency; the short sighted haste.of covetousness calling itself business enterprise; the wicked prejudice against the negro; the -whole vis inertine of the respectable conservatism of the North, backed by threats of Executive displeasure, as false as they are have availed nothing. Representatives, shrink not, swerve not -from your position. Stand true to your . glorious and incalculably precious charge, to which so many have proved unfaithful, and the old Roman Senators shall not have a reputation as honorable and as fragrant .as yours. * Special Dispatch to the Public Ledger.' THE DEMAGOGUE TURNED RE FORMER. We have already informed our readers of: the; extraordinary assumptions of ; the editor of The Press to superiority in Scrip-' tiir'e knowledge, to greater regard for the public morals,, and to more enlightened, unselfish and practical designs for the pub lic good, than those of the entire body of the evangelical clergy in the city. Doubt less they are prepared to learn, that this sapient editor has taken a fresh step in arrogance, and now assumes to play the pedagogue, not only over the clergy of the city, but over the legislators of the State. They, too, shall learn from the pure and sound'light of this great and experienced moralist, to draw right distinctions between question's of public morals - and public utility, to understand the nature of the Sabbath, to know their duties generally as speaker, as committee men, as legislators, L gna as guardians of-the true interests of the Commonwealth; -Eor some time, by means of agents at the State Capital, this editor has been inculcating his views upon individual members of the legislature, and has so far succeeded, that bills to allow the running of'passenger railway cars in the city have been promptly introduced into both houses. The disposition made of the bill in the Senate, however, does not please him. The Speaker of that body is not a proficient in the new doctrines. The Chairman of the Senate Committee on Rail roads is also a poor scholar. He dqep not want the bill in his Committee. The Speaker consigns it summarily to the Com mittee on Tice and Immorality.' What a shocking disposition of the pet measure of I this new teacher of public morals ! Natur ally he is disgusted. The instructions of his Harrisburg agent having failed, he will now take the stupid, legislators, and espe cially the perverse Speaker of the Senate in hand, and read them a terrifying lesson through more public channels. Hear the Reformer speaking ex cathedra. “ A QUESTION OF UTILITY “ The Speaker of the Senate, at Harris burg, is an estimable gentleman, no doubt, but he was scarcely elected to that dignified and useful office to discuss religious theories, as if he were a professor of theology. On Thursday, Mr. Donovan, one of the State Senators from Philadelphia, read a bill in J,he Senate to allow passenger railway cars to run on all days of the week, in compliance with the general demand for such accommo dation. -The Speaker referred it to the Com mittee on Vice and Immorality. Mr. Donovan, who is a practical man, requested that it should be referred to the Railroad Committee, but the Speaker said it would be referred to the committee he had. named, because it had reference to the morality of the community. Herein, it is clear that the Speaker h'ad fallen into the too common error of begging the question. The bill in question refers not to a moral question, but to a matter of public utility , and has to be con sidered, in and out of the Legislature,. on that ground, and not upon any fanatical theory, whether broached by the clergy or the laity. The Speaker will please take notice. ’' But seriously, does this editor expect the legislators and the moral people of this Commonwealth to accept his teachings on matters of morals and high public utility, as sound and disinterested ? Does he think they hare forgotten, that through his politi cal tnanoeuvering, it came to pass that the imbeoile James Buchanan occupied and disgraced, beyond all precedent, the Presi dential chair ; or that they have forgotten how, like the high priests abandoning the w retohed Judas, when they could make nothing more out of him, this same editor abandoned Mr. Buchanan, when he became useless to his schemes of political ambition; or that they fail to observe now the attempt of the same man to cast off and crush the religious part of the community, to destroy the institutions of the Gospel, and to intro duce a Parisian Sabbath into our goo'd pld Commonwealth, after he has gained from the endorsement of the loyal and religious community all the reputation for decency he ever had, and all the additional chances for political preferment he could? “Utility,” forsooth! No doubt he, and the classes he represents, would like to have not only the fourth, hut all the ten commandments re moved from the sphere of morals to that of “utility,” if not abrogated altogether. In a word, this editor is egregiously mis taken, if he thinks he is not thoroughly comprehended by the religious community; if he thinks his old and half-forgotten char acter of demagogue is not instantaneously brought back ; by his recent attempt to play the Reformer; if he thinks the dissonant notes of the mere self-seeking politician are not recognized, under the assumed lion skin of the public reformer. Whatever success he may have in his schemes of advancement, let him no longer calculate on the support of the religious portion of the community,unless Unitarians, Universalists, Swedenborgians, spirit-rappers el id genus omne, are its representatives. SABBATH-BREAKING NEWSPAPERS UNNECESSARY. We are thankful for the aid our New York City contemporaries are lending us in our movements to maintain the Sabbath keeping character of our city. The JV. Y. Observer says:— There is no more necessity for having newspapers published and circulated on the Sabbath than there is of having all other kinds of business carried on as on other days. England, so far, has resisted the temptation to issue Sunday papers. If the London Times , the greatest newspaper es tablishment in the world, can get along without a Sunday paper, it is difficult to understand why the newspapers of this city, and of Philadelphia, and of other Ameri can cities, should not be able to flourish “Without violating the Sabbath day. There are many who desire to have the news on the Sabbath, and there are' many who would like to have everything else going on upon the Sabbath just as on other days. But the question is one of morals. The Sunday, press is. exerting a very perni cious influence upon the public mind, be cause it is insidiously, hut efficiently, break ing down one of the greatest harriers against immorality. It is destroying, in the minds of those who regularly read them, all re gard for the day as a sacred day. It is placing itself in direct antagonism to the pulpit, God’s appointed means of conserv ing and extending 'religious influence; it unfits the reader for the services of the sanctuary; it increases the current of mammonism and secularism already so fearfully strong and debiting; and it opens a floodgate for the influx of demoralizing influences. Even the late Theodore Par ker, who had labored all his life to break down the Puritan Sabbath, in one of his last letters from Italy, made the memora ble confession that rather than he cursed with the fearful desecration of an Italian or Parisian Sunday he would have the old fashioned Puritan Sabbath, with all its ex cesses. It is impossible to' violate the fourth commandment without at the same time undermining the whole .Decalogue. If anything distinguishes the Christian ity of Great Britain and America from the Christianity of the Continent, it is the strict observance of ■ the Sabbath as a Di vinely-appointed day of holy rest. Every earnest Christian traveler and observer ad mits the superior practical advantages of the Anglo-American Sabbath, however he may differ from our theory. Even the zealous Homan Catholic Count Montalem bert derives the constitutional freedom and national prosperity of England from her sacred regard for the day which God gave to man as a training-school of piety, virtue and self-government. Freedom is impossi ble without law and discipline. The best men in Switzerland and Germany are now laboring to introduce a better observance of the Lord’s. Day after the English and American example. Should we retrograde and degenerate ? The Christian Intelligencer quotes from the Journal of Commerce the declaration that:— Since the foundation of the paper in 1827, no person in its employ has been permitted to do any work on Sunday, and the doors of the entire building are locked from Saturday night till Monday morn ing. The Journal argues for the Sabbath as follows: — It is so beneficent, so pure, and so calm int' in its effects on the entire stream of life, t.Tift, the human race have the most profound interest in preserving, cherishing, and widening its powerful influences. Whoever invented it, whoever opened the spring from whioh this current flows, it is, beyond dispute, the greatest of blessings now Did the Philadelphia editors never observe this notable fact ? If not, they are lamentably ignorant of all history. They dare not deny that it is fact. If they know it, and yet seek deliberately, and with such unseemly anger, to throw filth into the i fu K M es. „ _ Per annum, in advance: By Mall, 83. 83 Ffty cents rulditional, after three months. Ten or more papers, sent to one address, payable strictly in advance and in one remittance cyMail,S2 50 per annum. By Carriers, $3 per annum: Ministers and Ministers’ Widows, S 2 50 in ao vance. Borne Missionaries, $2 00 in advance. Fifty cents additional after three months. Remittances by mail are at our risk. Postage. Five cents quarterly, in advance, paid, by subscribers at the office of delivery Advertisements.—l2Js cents per line for the first, andlO cents for the second insertion. One square (one month) $3 00 “ two months 5 SO " •, three “ 750 " six “ 12 00 • one year 18 00 ihe following discount on long advertisements, in serted for three months and upwards, is allowed: — Over 20 lines, 10 per cent off; over 50 lines, 20 per cent, trover 100 lines, 33)4 per cent. off. stream out of which this nation derives such life-giving benefits, then we leave them them to their own judgment, retort ing none of their senseless clamor against us. DR. MARCH’S PASSAGLIA. Perhaps the best article of the many very good ones contributed to our paper by Dr. March, was one on Passaglia, which appeared in our columns some time last fall. In the November number of Chris tian Work, it appeared exactly as printed in our columns, without the slightest intima tion of the source from which it was derived. Nay, worse, it was placed among “ Letters from Correspondents of Christian Work,” without a sign of distinction, immediately following a letter purporting to come from Milan, Italy. The running title “ Letters from Correspondents,” is immediately above the commencement of the article, at the top of the page. This singular sort of “ Christian work” would have scarcely seemed worthy of notice, but for the fact that several of our American cotemporaries, aided in their judgment by an English approval of the article, are republishing and quoting from it, as original in the English journal. The author was as much suprised to see it in that position in the journal as we were. It is about as cool and as inexcusable an act of literary pilfering as we have almost ever met with. THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN AND THEOLOGICAL REVIEW. The number for January has just been laid on our table. It appears in a new dress, showing the genuine Presbyterian color. From a glance at the contents, we should pronounce them timely and valua ble. They include: Maxims for Sermon izing, by Prof. Shedd; Relations of the Old Testament to the New, by Prof. Harhaugh, of Mercersburgh; an Essay on Induction, by Prof. H. N. Day, of New Haven; The War for Independence and the War for Secession, by Dr. Adams; Patristio Doc trine of the Sacraments, by Dr. Schaff; The Westminster Confession in England and Ireland, by Dr. Gillett; Mill’s Exami nation of Hamilton’s Philosophy, by Prof. H. -B. Smith, D.D. ; Bushnell on the Atonement; Critical Notes on Recent Books; Theological and Literary Intelli gence. The reviews of Mill and of Bush -nell must command attention. The con ductors of the journal oould not have done a better service to the Church than in spread ing these documents upon their pages. It is claimed that the Review is, in circu lation, the second among theological reviews in the country, yet in need of further patronage for its complete establishment. We heartily commend it to our readers. THE CONGREGATIONAL OR FORE FATHERS’ FUND. The last Independent says that the fund attempted to be raised December 20th, or about that date,. by the Congregational churches of the country, was designed to reach §200,000, for church building pur poses. It figures up about ninety thousand dollars reported to that office, and supposes the total collections thus far reported will amount to one hundred thousand. Some disappointment at the result pervades the following sentences which we cut from that paper: — It is greatly to be regretted that some of the more wealthy and liberal of our churches failed to enter into the spirit of this noble undertaking, which promised to meet so effectually one of the greatest wants of our cause in the West and South. We hope the trustees of the Union, on taking a survey of the ground, will be encouraged to make such a vigorous and fresh appeal to the Congregationalists of the country as will bring into the treasury the entire sum recommended by the Council, of two hun dred thousand dollars. There can be no doubt that the whole will be wanted, and much more, as the work of religious recon struction goes on in the South, and if that of expansion shall keep up in any /tolerable measure with the advance of population in the West. ,il The times of triumph of sin are only when the Church strikes hands with it.” — America* Presbyterian, December 7. List of orthodox Churches advertising in Saturday’s Press :— 15th Presbyterian, 15th and Lombard. Arch Street Lutheran, Arch and Broad. Ist Ref. Dutch, 7th and Spring Garden. Church of the Nativity, 11th and Mount Vernon. 2d Presbyterian, 7th below Arch". 3d Reformed Dutch, 10th and Filbert. St. Philip’s, Vine below Bth. Central Congregational, 18th and Mount Vernon. Besides these, we find Swedenborgian, Universalists, and Second Advent meetings, advertised, but no New School, United or Reformed Presbyterians, no Methodists and no Baptists.