REVIEW OF THE TEAR. „ FOREIGN. GREAT BRITAIN. The question of a Presbyterian UnioD, heretofore agitated, came up for discussion in the meetings of the unendowed Presby teiian bodies in Scotland, and also in the Synods in England —the United and the English Presbyterian. The former maintains ecclesiastical relations with its namesake in Scotland, and receives from it aid for its feeble churches; the last is a purely English organization.' In both countries the issue of the discussion, thus far, has been about the same as in the case of Presbyterian reunioh in this country, viz;: an improvement in the spirit of fra ternity, with no yisible approach to organic reunion. The progress of Presbyterianism throughout the empire has been very con siderable, evidence of, which may be found in the statistics of an article in our last week’s issue. t ’ We notice, with less satisfaction, a grow ing decline in the character of that branch known as the “ Church of Scotland.” This is a State establishment—the same from which the Free Church seceded when the civil authority interfered with its discipline. In several of its congregations the worship has degenerated into a ritualism, making as near an approach as the laws of the Church will allow, to that 'which, in the English Church, is known by the name of Puseyism. These innovations upon that non-Popish simplicity of service, which was once "the glory of the Kirk, are on the in crease, and great alarm is felt in view of the prospect of their corrupting'the entire establishment. The Church of England is still surging with agitations of the broad church movement. The question is yet unsettled, whether the prelatical ecclesiasticism, and the liturgical precisions of mode and doctrine,. which have been vaunted as the bulwark of or thodoxy, and the impregnable defence of the faith, are not, after all, to become the refuge of the most dangerous infidelity of the age. All the efforts to procure the de position of Bishop Colenso have finally failed, and he remains a mitred prelate of the establishment, living in England some thousands of miles from his colonial diocese, enjoying his Episcopal revenue, and using it for printing apd circulating books meant to prove that the Bible is not of perfect Divine inspiration, and-- that it contains many untrue statements The consequence of this immunity is just what might have been expected. That Church, both in its presbytery and its episcopate, contains only too many whose love has been divided be tween their heretical proclivities and their church revenues, and now that these cease to conflict, their influence against the faith has quickened into open activity. In this connection, great anxiety is felt concerning the effects of the change in the premiership. The views of the head of the government are, of course, felt in the character of the episcopate. Since the present agitations assumed their importance, Lord Palmerston, in every instance, we be lieve, filled the vacant sees with men of reliable orthodoxy, and *soine amount of evangelical character. It is claimed for Earl Russell,' that he will preserve the same care for the purity of the Church. Thus far, nothing has occurred to develope his official course on the subject. One of the most interesting views of the religious state of Great Britain during the year, is contained in those evangelistic and revival labors which we have, from time to time recorded, such as those of Richard Weaver in Glasgow, Aberdeen, and other Scottish towns, Joshua Poole in various parts of England, and many others who, in both kingdoms, have given their labor with signal success, to this form of soul saving work. They have in the mam, though by no means exclusively, preached the gospel to the poor; have followed up fairs, marketings, and public gatherings generally, established book-stalls, erected stands for preaching, held open-air protrac ted meetings, and the cases are few in which it has not been true that more or less who “ came to scoff, returned to pray." The work is now under the auspices of an or ganized association, with its headquarters in London. In that city chapels are being erected in neglected districts, for its labor ers. Its principles are non-denominational, but evangelical. One of its strong points for efficiency is that of lay effort. . FBAXCE. The Encyclical Letter of the Pope, which will be further noticed under the proper heading, has, for the time at least, upset the Ultramontane , that is the impla cably Catholic influence in the French Church. The majority of its people are now'well disposed to see the termination of the temporal dominion of Pio Ninus, and of course the entire withdrawal of the French military protection of that power. A still more remarkable and reactionary result is the newly awaken'ed liberalizing tendency in the Gallican party in the church. Even the Archbishop of Paris has uttered senti ments of fraternity toward the Protestant Churoh, and expressed the conviction that there were points open for common effort for conserving and promoting the Christian interests of the empire. The National Reformed Church of Fiance, supported by the government, has passed through some storms, of the same character with those of the few previous years. The strife is-between a living or thodoxy, and the semi-infidelity of ritual ism. In the last election 'of members of its Presbyterial Council, the evangelical partjr secured a triumph—no feature of which was more gratifying than that of the return of M. Guizot —but by so small a majority as to inspire the other side to fresh effort, rather than damp their hopes. One discouraging circumstance for the evangeli cal element in this Church, is the existence by its sjde ot an unendowed Free Church, which is kept scrupulously free from ra tionalistic taint, and to which the best members of the former, wearied with their contests for the purity of the faith, are every now and then passing over. As an example, we may state the case of one man of note who, seceding from the Reformed, applied for admission to the Free Church, with the remark that he would not be less Huguenot than his fathers. The chief pas tor of the National Reformed Church is M. Coquerel, one of the most brilliant, and at the same time most unsafe, of the Protest ant clergy of France. The engagement of one of his colleagues, Martin Paschoud. a violent rationalist, expired last spring. The character of the newly-elected Council for bid his reappointment, and also destroyed the prospect of another candidate off like proclivities, who was in vain backed with the whole influence- of the chief pastor. The majority is resolute, and may yet carry the point of securing a sanctified pulpit. GERMANY, In some of the German States there is spiritual progress, almost invisible when beheld along with the aggregate mass of German religion, but conspicuous when singled out and exhibited by itself. There are on the field some sixty or seventy Bap tist churches, and a smaller number of .Methodist-, portions of which have, during the year, enjoyed revivals, as spiritual in their character as those which we are accus tomed to see in our country. We have re-- corded several cases of these, particularly in Bremen and portions of Saxony. The incubus upon the religion of Ger many, is the non-evangelical character of the Lutheran Church, and the fact that, in the Protestant States, it is the State Church, controlled by the civil power, even to the extent of appointments to the Gospel ministry, together with the almost entire absence of denominationalism. With the comparatively little exception above named, the Lutheran Church feels no disturbance, and no excitement from the presence and rivalry of any denomination based upon the principle of spiritual regeneration and an orthodox faith. It goes on preaching that baptism regenerates, confirmation estab lishes the claim to the Christian name, the Sacraments convey grace, and then, so far as any care for the doctrines of the pulpit is concerned, all that is left is the prey of rationalism. There are not wanting pious pastors, some of them eminent, anddeserv edly of ?world-wide reputation, but, in the Diet, they are borne down and overwhelmed. There are not wanting pious people, who mourn for the incoming of the Spirit and the truth, but the masses, when asked if they are Christians, revert to their baptism, confirmation and answer Yes; when asked if they believe in the Bible, they answer No. The American and Foreign Christian Union is now on that field, with its new Sabbath-school systefc of effort'for resusici tating the dead Christianity of continental Europe. Dr. Philip Schaff has also, during the past season largely improved the oppor tunity of a visit to his native country, by de livering addresses on the Sabbath-school system of instruction, and promoting their start in Stuttgart, Berlin, and elsewhere. ITAEY. During the last spring, the negotiations between the Italian government and the Pope concerning the appointment of Italian Bishops, were broken off. The Pope per sisted in refusing to give Bishops to Italian dioceses, upon any other condition than that of non-allegiance to the civil government, and freedom from all responsibility except to himself. The king insisted that every ecclesiastical functionary in the kingdom should take the oath of civil allegiance to his own government, maintaining only his spiritual relations with Rome. Of course no arrangement was made, and as the Pope is not in circumstances to proceed to ex tremes, the ecclesiasticism of the kingdom lies at loose ends. In the meantime, the demands of the Italians upon the papacy have assumed a definite shape, and now stand as follows: 1. That the laity must recover the right of choosing their ministers, and of adminis tering the temporal concerns of the church. 2.‘ The Bishops must be chosen by the clergy and the congregations, without prejudice to the rights of the crown. 3. Bishops and Metropolitans must be reinstat ed in their ancient positions as Diocesans and Provincials, the present servile depend ence on Rome, and all oaths of vassalage to her ceasing. 4. The celibacy of the clergy must be a matter for their own choice and determination. 5. The laity must have unrestricted liberty to read the Holy Scriptures. 6. The liturgy must be read in the national tongue, and in a form intelligible to alll 7. Confession must be no longer obligatory, but voluntary, and the communion must be received in both kinds. They go further. They are de termined to break to pieces the papal des potism, restore ■ the primitive condition of the church, and bring about a good under standing between the clergy and laity. An earlier arrangement might have been accomplished with less of concession, but it lies in the nature of reform to become more radical the longer it is balked, and these terms may be regared as the ultimatum of the Italian church. They will of course meet with the ever obtruding “ non pos sumus” of the papacy, and so hasten the great religious crisis of Southern Europe. In the late election of members for the Italian House of Deputies, the papal party brought its entire strength into the canvass. The result was that it secured about a dozen members in a house of four hundred and forty-four. The remainder are divided be tween two other parties, conservative lib erals and radical liberals, both of which are opposed to the temporal power of the Pope, and in favor of the annexation of his terri tory to Italy. This state of things has the effect of destroying the moral influence of Roman ism over the Italian people. For the present there will be, in the technical sepse of the term, no public change of religion. In other words, the government and the people, to a considerable extent, will keep up an outward observance of the services of the Romish church. But unless some political motive starts up for stringency, defections from that church will be treated with indifference, and the time will hasten, if it has not now come, when the real re ligious struggle in Italy will be that be tween a pure evangelical faith and utter godlessness. The moral certainty that such an issue is not tar distant, has' prompted an active missionary campaign in that laud, so THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY. JANUARY 4, 1866 | long the centre of the darkest superstition and religious corruption. The Waldensian Synod is spreading itself over the kingdom, and has transferred its theological school from its 1 native vallies to Florence. Our American and Foreign Christian Union, with principal stations in Florence and Milan, each under the care of an efficient American superintendent, is doing a great work by dispersing through the towns pious and qualified Italians, with speech and printed truth, as evangelists and colpor teurs. Our recent accounts of them are from Sarteano, Cetona, Citta della Pieve, Eddo, Leces, Bergamo, Carpignano, the Yaltellina, and ether places, in most of which the progress of .evangelical truth is encouraging The Wesleyans and some other religious bodies are also ip the field. With the exception, perhaps, of Italy and Spain, Mexico has hitherto been the most thoroughly priest-ridden country in the world. The events of the year have gone far towards forwarding the reformation, inaugurated in 1857, when the triumph of Ayutta secured legal liberty of conscience, speech and worship, and more than 8. hun dred priests, assembled in formal council in the city of Mexico, repudiated the Pope, and proclaimed the free reading of the Bible in the common language, and the marriage of the clergy. Tht re, as in other Catholic countries, 5 Roman ism unsettles itself, through .the inability of the Pope to forget that the time' has passed when his ecclesiastics may intermeddle with, and control tor his use, the political power of the State. Romanism, though likely for a time to remain- the nominal religion of Mexico, is disarming itself of power through the two facts that the world will move, ‘while Popish obstinacy will not. As between the two powers contending for the Government of Mexico, tbe refor mation has most to hope from the Repub lic. Its leader, Juarez, formerly gave %is sanction to the' reform movement, by com missioning the Presbyter, Juan Diaz Mar tinez to incite the priests throughout Mexico, to teach the people that evangeli cal Christianity requires submission to law ful government. His work was cut short by a cup of poison from the hand of a secret agent of the hierarchy. The dose was not fatal, but by its permanent effect upon the brain, it disqualified him for ser vice. An energetic and able fellow laborer, the Presbyter Juan Nepomuceno Enriquez Orestes, stepped forward to his place, and works boldy, earnestly, and with no little success. Just now he is in this country, addressing churches, and securing sym pathy and help. Those who may have the privilege of hearing him, will obtain as good an account ot the religious state of Mexico, as can now be had. But while the Republican influences are strongly in favor ol a religious reformation, the.old bigotry has not yet found its ex pected' shelter under the empire. The Pope has appealed imploringly to Maxi milian to take religious errors in hand, and to secure the old immunities of the priest- THE PAPAL GOVERNMENT. Although the far-fumed Papal “ Encycli cal” was a. few days in advance of the last new year, yet the history of its reception belongs to the present review. It is proba bly the most suicidal act of the papacy, which has astounded the world since the reformation, renouncing in the most ex plicit terms, all the excuses which the namby-pamby apologises for Rome, in this and other Protestant countries, make for Romanism, that its intolerance and its claim that the civil power shall crush here sy, wetre the errors of the past age, and not of the system. In this encylical the Pope anathematized in terms several of the re ligious doctrines of the times. One is that “ the best condition of society is that in whifsli the power of the laity is not com pelled to inflict the penalties ot law upon violators of the Catholic religion.” Another is, that “ liberty of conscience and of wor ship is the right of every man, a right which ought to be proclaimed and estab lished by law in every well constituted State.” Another is, that “ the church can decide nothing which may Bind the con sciences of the faithtulin temporal,things.” Still another is, that “ the judgments and decrees of the Holy See,, whose object is declared to concern the general welfare of the church, its rights and its discipline, do not claim the acquiescence and obedience, under pain of sin and loss of the Catholic profession, if they do not treat of the dog mas of faith and manners”—in other words; a Catholic, say, tor example, a Catholic sovereign, cannot be rightfully degraded from his Catholic profession by excommu nication, for rendering aid to Victor Eman uel, the political .enemylot the Pope, so long as he is not guilty of heresy in doc trine or immoralities of conduct. In such countries as England and our own, all this, of course, passed for brutum fulmm.- Its real design was, by alarming the reli gious sensibilities of the bigoted portion of their subjects, to check the liberalizing tendencies of the Catholic princes of Eu rope, such as the sovereigns of Austria, Spain, Portugal, and above all Louis Na poleon. The thing was so understood in all those sovereignties, but, while it was met by a storm of popular contempt, it se cured no responsive , action from one of those governments. Its only effect has been to settle the point, by the supreme spirit tjzil ax,tbnrity, ttiay Lire church of Rome is steadfast in the doctrine that civil govern ments all over the world should enslave themselves to the Papacy, enforcing its de crees with the full strength of their power, though it should light up every hill in Christendom with the fires of buruinghere tics. Meanwhile the French Emperor persists in his purpose of carrying out the Franco- Italian treaty, and withdrawing all military protection from the Papacy. The with drawal of French troops from Rome has commenced, and will be completed next fall, unless some nowunforseen eccentricity in the policy of that strange man shall re veal itself. There is much speculation concerning the next probable resort of An tonelli for the protection of the Papal throne. It is most likely that troops will have to be raised from the States of the Church. .mexico. bood, and the clergy have tried their usual arts to identify the life of religious intoler ance with that of the throne, but thus far they have been more than thwarted—have in fact been snubbed. It would not be Na poleonic, in the attempt to usurp an empire, and then make it popular, in a country but a stone’s throw from the United States, to tie it to Vihej rotten carcass of the unmiti gated Papacy. Mexico, imperial or repub lican, is on the high road to religious change. Under proper efforts that change will be one of evangelical and spiritual re form. Even amid the present political con vulsions, it is an ot Vl d promising field for such effort. SOUTH -iRICA. Small advances made in the spread of Protestant Christianity in the empire, but the Emperor preserves the principle of t deration, and indeed, in some cases, providi s for thi support of th£ Pro testant pasters. The established Protes tant congregt tions are very few —less than twenty-five i 1 the whole empire, and are mostly made ap from the German immigra tion and supplied with pastors from..home. These congrt gat ions generally are not in a state of spiri ual thrift, many of the pul pit ministrati >ns being mere echoes of that rationalism' w hich is the bane of Christian vitality in thi i [Fatherland. The evangeli- j cal element, however, is not dormant: ip deed, it is assuming aggressiveness. Some Basle missionaries of the right spirit have, during the year, come into the field, and some, among the older pastors, are earnastly working for the spirit and the truth. The United States of Columbia have be come an interasting missionary field ot the American and. Foreign Christian Union. A good work is going forward in Carthagena, under the direction of Rev. R Montsal vatge. Romarism has become the disgust of the people, and,, as in all such cases of reaction from ajdead faith, the question lies between a vita|evangelicism and an utter discarding of religion. Gobd work is going on with the yo&ng, and, with the blessing of God, nothing .but workers and working materia] seem necessary for a reformation whose influence shall be wide. OTHER COUNTRIES. We have room only for a glance at other portions of the world. In Greece we see no material religious change. Evangelical truth holds its own, perhaps makes some advance under the active efforts of Rev. Messrs. Kalopothakes and Constantine. There is something of a movement in Demardest, where the first edifice in Greece for an evangelical church is about to be erected. The veteran mis sionary, Dr. King, after thirty years ab sence, has returned to this country, tempo rarily, we suppose, and is doing good ser vice in exhibiting the real religious state and wants of that seat of ancient civiliza tion. The Turkish government has given re newed assurances of the liberty of Mabom medans to change their religion, and also that there shaH be jserfect religious freedom as between ~ffie Armenians and the Protest ant sects in all parts of the empire. Still the work of persecution goes on Under one pretext or another, converted Mahom- are bandied about under legal pro cesses. Provincial officer’s adopt all man ner of modes rn oppress Protestants, and when complained of and removed, it is only to give place to others who are equally truculent to the Armenian bishops. Still the Gospel has its triumphs in many parts of the Turkish dominions. If it has not “free course,’* it certainly is “glorified.” The general history of foreign missions is decidedly encouraging. Some long dis couraging fields are at length putting on the aspect of hope. This is especially the case with the African missions sustained by the American and Presbyterian boards. In China, the features of the piety of the con verted Chinese are becoming more distinct, and in the same proportion, their Christian influence is more impressive. We believe that every evangelical missionary society which has missions in that empire, counts the last year as one of decided progress there. Bishop Staley, who was sent out from England to fourid an Anglican Church .Episcopate in the Sandwich Islands, upon the pretence that the American Missions there had proved a failure, seems to have found his diocese a “ hard road to travel.” He secured the ear of the throne, and ob tained the queen as a communicant in his semi-Romish establishment. He has also succeeded in making himself an annoyance to the American laborers, and this is about all. The Christian islanders, in general, do not yet forget that the evangelizing of the islands is,-under God, due'to the patient and laborious services of the missionaries of the American Board, neither do they comprehend the dogma of “no bishop, no' ohurch.” Worse than all, the Bishop, after trying the clap-trap of Queen Emma’s visit to England, seems still to fail of sup port there, doubtless owing to the fact that English Christians do not care to partake of the responsibility of Jrhis stupendous raid upon an unoffending and well-worked American field. The whole enterprise, from stem to stern, is Unpopular in that country. Tlje Bishojd turned at last to this country for help, visited the late Episcopal Triennial Convention, circulated about the country delivering addresses, and every where told of the miserable unchurched state in which the American missionaries had brought up the Sandwich Islanders. He wanted money and men. We know nothing of his success in the former: the latter amounted to the carrying off to his bishopric one Presbyter of the Church, a brother of Bishop Whipple, of Minnesota, who is already returning to our shores, the papers say, in disgust. It is a great part of our “ wisdom toward them that are without,” so to explain our meaning in every doctrine and ordinance, and so to guard our discourses about them, as may best pre vent misapprehension or prejudice ; and the neglect °f this rule is not boldness, or faithfulness, as some well-meaning zealots suppose, but indiscretion and folly —Scott on 2 Chron. f ante & Irate. SAMUEL WORK, j WILLIAM McCOUQH, KRAMER & RAHM. Pittsburg. BANKING HOUSE OF WORK, McCOUCH & CO„ No. 30 SODTII THIItl) Strcet^Phlladclphia, DEALERS ia GOVERNMENT J .OAKS AND COIN. Bills of Exchange on Ke\V York, Boston, Pittsburg Baltimore, Cincinnati, etc., constantly for sale. Collections promptly made on au accessible points in the United States and Canadas. Deposits received, payable on demand, and interest allowed as per agreement. Stocks and Loans bought and sold on commission at the Board of Brokers. Business Paper negotiated. Refer to Philadelphia and Commercial Banka, Phila delphia; Winslow, Lanier & Co , New York; and Cita aens’and Exchange Bank,Pittsburg. BANKING HOUSE. GEOEbE J. BOYD, ♦ J 1 3To. IS S. THIRD ST, PHHAD£LPHU, (Two doors below Mechanics 1 Bank.) DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OP * GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, 5-20 s, 10-40 S, 7.305, 6s of ’81; PETROLEUM, AND ALL OTHER STOCKS, BONDS, & C. BOUGHT AND SOLD AT THE BOARD OF BROKERS. INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. PETROLEUM. R. GLENDDJNING, Jr., STOCK BROKER, Mo. 23 SOUTH THIRD STREET, Oil and Mining shares, Railroad Stocks and Btihds, and Government Securities bought and sold on Com mission, at the Philadelphia, New York, and Boston BOARD OF BROKERS. fjmjpit faitas. 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INDUCEMENTS. .The of premium are less than those of any other Company covering the same risk. No medical examination is required, and thousands of those who have been rejected by Life Companies, in consequence of hereditary or other diseases, oan effect insurance in the TRAVELLERS’ at the lowest rates. .Life Insurance Companies pay no part of thenrin cimlsmuntll the death of the assnred. The TKA y JiiiljiijßS pay the loss or damage sustained by per* sonal injury whenever it occurs. The feeling of security which such an insurance gives to those dependent upon their own labor for support is worth more than money. better or more satisfactory use can be made of so small a sum. J. G. BATTERSON, President. RODNEY DENNIS, Secretary. G..F. DAVIS, Vice President. . . ‘HENRY A. DYER, General Agent. Applications received and Policies issued by WILMAM W. ALIEN, No. 404 Walnut Street. 932-tf 1 PROM DYSPEPSIA EE AD! REFLECT!! ACT!!! TABKAKT «fc CO. Gentlemen, I am a resident ot Curacoa* and have often been disposed to write you concerning the real value of your SELTZER APERIENT as a remedy for Indigestion and Dyspepsia, I desire to express to you my sincere gratitude for the great benefit the SELTZER has done my wife. Forfour or five years my wife has been sadly afflic ted with Dyspepsia, and after being under the treat ment of several Doctors for two or three years, she was finally induced to seek the advice of a learned Physician, Doctor Cabialis, of Venezuela, who imme diately treated her with your EFFERVESCENT SELTZER APERIENT she began to improve at once and is now PERFECTLY WELL. I teel it to be my duty for the good of humanity to makethis statement,feeling that a medicineso valua ble should be widely known. Trusting you will give this publicity, and repeating my earnest gratitude and thanks. I am very respectfully yours. S, D. C. iiENRIQUER, , r _ Merchant, Curacoa, S. A. New York, June 28th, 1865. • The suffering millions in our land to give this reme dv a trial; convinced that by its timely use many may be relieved, many cured of Dyspepsia, Heartburn. Sour Stomach, Sick Headache, Dizziness, Indigestion, Piles, Costiveness,,Bilious Attacks, Liver Complaints* Rheumatic, Affections, &c. Read the Pamphlet of Testimonials with each bot tle* and do not use the medicine against .the advice of your Physician. ; - r MANUFACTURED ONLY BY TARRANT & C 0., 278 GREENWICH STREET, NEW TORE SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS* %nmmt ©umpiras. Walnut Street, S. E. cor. of Fourth. INCOME FOB THE YEAR 1864. $357,800. $85,000. INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS EVERY DESCRIPTION» HARTFORD, CONN. WM. W. ALLEN, AGENT, PHILADELPHIA. SHORT TIME TICKETS. SUFF’ERERS WE ASK $394,136 50 .9500,600