UnmpMietm. SHALL WE BE A CHRISTIAN NATION ? The papers have rooontly contained the proceedings of a meeting bf “ The National Association for the Amend ment of the Constitution of the United States.” The amendment proposed is a recognition of Christianity; in the preamble, in terms substantially as fol lows:“IIurably acknowledging Almighty God as the source of all authority and power in civil government; the Lord Josus Christ as the governor among the nations; and his Revealed Will as of supreme authority,” &c. This movement comes none t-oo soon. Those are blind to tho course of events who fail to see that our nation must bind itself fast to the throne of Heaven, . or it must share the fate of all those past whioh forgot the Hock whence they were hewn. This is true, let present disturbances turn out as they will. The crushing of the, rebellion, with the subjugation of the revolting States, will leave upon our hands new and untried questions in government, which will give to political corruption and madness such scope as it ' never had before. It will be hut the w beginning of the end,” either forbad Sr good. Any of the other conceivable alterna tives—the return of the revolted States to their allegiance, compromise with or without separation, or forced separation without compromise—will leave to us the same legacy of conflict and peril. The conflict of arms we hope will soon be over. But then comes the great political conflict which is almost in evitable when the American people ooine face to face with that one word, ■ so easily spoken, but so fearful in the jgrapple— Reconstruction. We. have fully reached the point where only God can save us. Ther man who does not believe this, is more . than an unbeliever in a Divine Provi dence over nations: he is the enemy of the peace and the existence of this nation. Let the bearing of the religious sentiment of the people upon the no distant destiny of this republic bo taken into the account, and there will be found no blacker traitor than the man who, in this hour of turbulence and peril, would leave us loose from God. Are we now a Christian nation ? We are fast settling” now. The records, incidents and acts which in the aggregate will determine it, do not cbme along slow, quiet and. with ■little observation, as they used to do. They follow oaoh other like peals of thunder from tho cloud; they roll down upon us like mountain avalanches. On ‘ the one hand are congressional recom mendations ofpiiblio humiliation before Heavon, and solemn supplications for the help of God, presidential proclama tions for national thanksgivings or fasts, as the case may require, and also the fact that the nation never before mani fested such a sense of tho services of its Christian people,ministers andchurches, and never before turned so distinctly to them for help. On the other hand, our . highest legislature sets .its fodt oh the ■ Sabbath, and our capital reeks with immorality. Like our great’ martial struggle, this strife has its tides, and the result is in abeyance. To become merely a God-confessing nation will not meet the requisitions of the hour. We expect God to accept no homage, not even a whole nation’s homage, in which all recognition of his Son Jesus, the Divine Redeemer for a lost world, is studiously left out. We Shall be answered only in wrath, if the 1 same service' which prays to God pur posely ignores Christ, our only approach to the throne of Heaven. There was a . painful omission in those late congres- aipnal resolutions which requested the President to appoint a day of national '• humiliation. In all other respects they r met the oaao. They were a model— all which the Christian heart could ' desire—except that there was no Christ |h'. them. They forget that God''can never be ours, except as Christ is ours. It will be just as gross a blunder to pass over the Holy Scriptures as God's only written rtile’for human conduct, the only divine guide of Rulers at the hplm of state, as well as people in their . common conduct. ■ i )isii!an interesting fact, and one - deeply.significant for our wisdom now, . that Christianity—not alone divine wor !■ship, but, .as revealed in the [’ ~"ißible) aPd..With.tho Biblein company 's haft-been the life of all civilization and re every, improvement in, national govern-, f-o itheijdaya of Christ down. ■if p has- attached itself to th.e. rnost bril cu/liaht rSces pf; mankind, has gone with them to their, eonquests, and breathed Its spirit into every empire which they have founded. Atheism scorning God, Deism and Judaism casting off Christ, infidelity trampling on the Bible,-aro without a national record in the whole Christian era. There is not one step of human liberty up which they have lifted the world; not one Dation which they have brought into life, and not an impending peril to civilization, to po litical rights, or to national existence, which they have averted. In all these achievements the servieesof Christianity have been alert, continuous and distin guished. It is another interesting fact that this continent, on the instant of its discovery, was solemnly given to Christ. We have not tho history at this moment before us, but if we are not mistaken it will be found that Columbus, when his foot first touched the shore of this new world, took possession of it in the name of tho sovereigns of Spain, and for the spread of the Christian religion. Cer tain it is, the Cross was planted side by side with the standard of sovereignty. The leading settlements in what is now our republic were eminently Christian in their origin. Why Christianity has - been -so long left out from our national instruments and symbols, has been the problem of the civilized world, friendb and enemies alike. Its omission from the Constitu tion in the beginning has sometimes been attributed to oversight. We know not' how far this apology should be modified by the transient popularity of French infidelity among portions of our people, one or more eminent statesmen included, just at that moment. The difficulties Which will meet us in odr attempt to givo it place in our organic law at this late day, are easily apprehended. They will not consist in the want of conviction on the part of the majority of our people, tbatit ought to be there. We believe the great heart of the nation is sound, if it can be brought into action. We are persuaded that the bulk of our population would, at this moment, be horrified by a direct proposal to eliminate Christianity from our government. tThy then should they bo slow to let it in, and to give it the formal'distinct recognition which it has not here, but which it enjoys in every other enlightened government under Heaven ? Tho whole trouble will be; with a small, turbulent, clamorous and God hating minority, who will frighten poli ticians by talking of the of power, and carry points, as they have lang-httMi.ttemistomed to do, by playing upon the riecessities'of political parties." While legislators are plied with- the fallacy that a national confession of Christ will infringe the rights of the Israelites, or that a public recognition of the Holy Scriptures as the law for rulers, will bo a mortal offence to in fidels, or that any recognition of re ligion by the nation will be an entering wodge fora “ Church and State” project, there -is much to fear so long as our present habits respecting the choice of rulers prevails. We have heard this senselesß clamor about “ Church and State" before. It is an old stager—a .fogy of tho fogiest kind. We remember when the nation gave up her Sabbath, in awe of its terrors. Men wanted principle—-not so much principle of mind as of conduct. Good men wanted nerve: that was all. If they have it now, we can become a Christian nation, and God will be with us in all our troubles present and to come. If, in this crisis hour, we fail here, we must expect—God spare ns the thought of what! B. B. H. THOMAS OHALMERS. THE APOSTLE OP CITY MISSIONS—IV. A NEW .PARISH IN GIS.SGOW. After four years of effort in the Tron Church, a new field was opened to the great reformer in th.e same city of Glasgow. Many projudicos and invete rate customs hindered the freedom of his movements .for the evangelization; of the people in the old parish. A new church was erected and a now parish constituted by the magistrates, and council of Glasgow; the edifice was larger anclthe population in a far more degraded 1 condition than in the parish of Tron Churchj hut these were .only .additional attractions to one with the aims and the energy of Chalmers, when it j^as : understopd that, the pirdering of all.tho , instrumentalities for the eleva tion of the people from the beginning would be committed exclusively to him self. He especially wished the -cus-, tomary official methods of relieving the poor, which were calculated.to perpetu ate thejr dependence and- "destroy their *to be'" abolished, .and , the whole work of dealing with the. pauper ismpf the parish to be put upon an evangelical and left td the phnrSh without interference from the civil au thorities. • .• ■; ! While these negotiations were in progress, he was urged to allow his name to bo used as a candidate for the chair of natural philosophy in the. Un iversity of Edinburgh, made vacant by PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1864. the death of the distinguished Professor Playfair. This invitation must have appealed to the literary ambition of Dr. Chalmers in its most susceptible spot. He had been an enthusiastic student of tho higher mathematics. At the same time, the dream of his youth ful ambition was one day to occupy the very position now offered him in his mature years. It was for these objects that he slighted so lamentably his parochial duties during the first part of his pastorate at Kijmany; for this ho gave to the work of the ministry but two days of the week, reserving the rest for the studies alid aims that occu pied his mind. In a speech on the Assembly in 1825, hi pamphlet which he fence of his course, repented of as a seri< As far back as tv was ambitious enouj successor to Professc mathematical chair o Edinburgh. Durim that then took place, no person could be ft discharge the duties cal chair, among the church of Scotland. sir, more devoted to to the literature of r feeling grieved and I conceived an undui abilities and education of our clergy, I came forward with I that pamphlet to rescue them from jphat I deemed an unmerited re pro achy by maintaining that a devoted and: exclusive attention to .the* study of the I mathematics was not dissonant to the proper habits of a clergyman. But how marvellous the change! The opportunity fdr scientific and worldly distinction and for gratifying his intense scientific tastes, which had been the day dream of his youth, arri red; Professor Playfair’s chair was in his reach. But it was no longer the re luctant, unawakened pastor of Kilmany that was approached; it was a Christian man whose soul had been directed .to two magnitudes, which, as he saiid in the same speech, ho had hitherto for gotten—the littleness of time; the great ness of eternity. It was a soul eakin dled by a nobler ambition than that of scientific distinction;'inspired with great schemes for the elevation of tho de graded .and lost; grasping with strong, and clear conviction the divine and admirable fitness of the gospel as a reformatory power for the masses, and confident of the broadest and best re sults in the energetic usd of the great evangelical instrumentality. Like his divine Master, beholding the multitude,. 1 ho was' moved with compassion on them, because they fainted and were scattered abroad as sheep having no shepherd. Thus, the difficulties in tho way of his plaus of reformation, having been disposed, this candidate for the high honors of Professor Playfair’s chun accepted the charge of the Free Parish of St. John’s—the very .poorest parish of Glasgow. "Weavers, laborers, factory workers, and other operatives made up the bulk of the ten thousand souls com prising the population. Into this dense mass of ignorance, vice and degrada tion, this fine scholar and unrivalled pulpit orator plunged, confidently bear ing the sole provision of the gospel for its renovation and redemption. This was in the year 1819. Hot to dwell upon his large and wise educational measures, which were eminently neces sary and successful, we turn to his elaborate scheme for reaching all the families of the parish with religious instruction. It will bo seen that Dr. Chalmers’ active nature communicated itself tp others. He had a most happy faculty of setting others to work in execution of his plans. Says Dr. Way land in his memoirs: The entire parish was divided into twenty-five districts, called proportions, each'embracing from sixty to one' hun dred families. . Reviving, the ancient ocd.epof deacons, which, in the Scottish Presbyterian practice, had long fallen into . disitsQ,. Dr. Chalmers. appointed over each of these districts an elder and a deacon; the spiritual interests of his proportion being committed to tho elder, and its temporal interests,to the deacon. In. each district one or more Sabbath 'schools wore established, male and fe male teacherß to the number of between forty and fifty bejng engaged in this work, while a fe w classes wpre opened, for the adult population.', There were the ordihary meetings of the Kirk session, the monthly meetings of. the deacons and of tho Sabbath school teachers, monthly meetings in the church for. missionary purposes, and frequent , mo.etirigs of tho Educational Association, alt of which Dr. Chalmers regularly and punctually attended. He was him self thesoul,and spirit of almost every movement, but .there was’ no desire on his, part to .’dictate and no assumption of superiority. .“ Cur meetings,” says one of his elders, looking back over thirty years, “were very delightful- I never saw any set of men who were so ani mated by one spirit, and whose zeal was so uniformly sustained. The Doc tor was the very life of the- whole, and every one felt himself led on by him, committed to uso his whole strength in tho cause of that God who had in his loor of the G eneral thus referred, to a had issued in de nt which now he us crime: enty years ago, I ;h to aspire to be r Playfair, in the ? the University of : the discussions it was stated that und competent to if the matheinati clergymen of the [was at that time, mathematics than y profession, and, ndignant at what reflection on the It was in thiß manner that, he labored to preach the gospel in the parish of St. Johns. It did not satisfy him that thousands attended his church on the .listening in rapt admira- mei-ey sent us such a loader.” He was continually receiving reports from every quarter, and answering by notes tending to quicken and animate the soul of every laborer. But this was not enough. Every Monday morning at his house there was an agency breakfast, to which a general invitation was issued, at which from six to eight of his elders, deacons, or Sabbath school teachers were pre sent. He gave also special invitations to tea; so that most of his agents visited at his house once in six weeks. Dr. C. completed his round of visita tion among the families of the parish in two years. His manner of visiting was the same as before. After a short visit to the family, his companion invited them all to attend preaching in some school house or private house or other convenient room in tho vicinity. Much greater pains, however, wore now taken, I by himself and his parochial agents, to secure a large attendance at the evening addresses, by which these forenoon visitations were followed up. The suc cess j listifie dth e effort. M u ltit u des wh o btheirwise would never have had the offer of divine moßpy addressed to them; were brought within the sound of the preacher’s voice. These local, week day, undress congregations, assembled in a cotton mill or the workshop of a mechanic, or the kitchen of some kind and accommod atin g neigh bor, with their .picturesque exhibition of greasy jackets ■find unwashed countenances and hands all soiled and fresh from labor, turning up the pages of unused Bibles, had a special charm for Dr. Chalmerß, and, all aliveto the peculiar interesband urgency of such opportunities, ho stirred up every gift that was in him, while he urged upon the consciences of his hearers the high claims of the Christian salva tion. Many ministers, if they were willing at all to address such audiences, would satisfy themselves with giving them an unpremeditated exhortation, which they tod properly would speak of as merely a talk. Dr. Chalmers did not so look upon the matter. He knew that these were immortal soulsfor whom Christ died. His chosen and beloved friend, Mr. Collins, who often accompa nied him to these evening meetings, gave his reiterated and emphatic testi mony, that no bursts of; that oratory which rolled over admiring thousands in the Tron Church or St. John’s, ever equalled, in all the highest qualities of eloquence, many of these premeditated but unwritten addresses, in which, free from all restraint, and intent upon the one object of winning souls to the Sa viour, that heart, which glowed with such intense desires for the present and eternal welfare of the working classes, unbosomed in the midst of them all the fullness of its Christian sympathies. was heard in Christendom. These were but a small portion of the parish of St. Johns. By far'tho greater part were ignorant of the gospel, and had never heard of the way of salvation. He turned to these with his whple heart, he entered all their dwellings, he ga thered thein in school houses, factories, kitchens, wherever he could find an audience room, he engaged Christians to aid him in his work, many of whom were his own children in the faith, and he was not satisfied until the darkest places in St. Johns parish were illumi nated with the knowledge of salvation. REV, SAMUEL WHITE. Eev. Samuel White was born October 12th, 1791, at Randolph, Mass. He entered college (Dartmouth, N. H.) at the age of 17, and graduated at 21. His mind at first inclined to the study of medicine, for the practice of which he at once, commenced to prepar.e. himself, but after pursuing the requisite studies for the space of two years, his attention was turned by the hand of Divine Providence in the direction, of the gos pel ministry. In his preparation for this he enjoyed the advantages of the Theological Seminary at Andover,MaßS., being favored with the personal instruc tions of Professor Stuart, Dr. Wood, and others associated with them. After finishing a regular course at this insti tution, he spent several years in the exercise of his ministry in. the immediate neighborhood of his birth place, and in, other parts of the New-England States, thence ;: remOVi‘ng to Central New York, where he engaged in academical in structions for a term of years, spending his Sabbaths in supplying feeble,.and vacant; churches in the; immediate.yi ciriifcy. In the summer. of, 1824 ,he removed to thbtown of Starkey, Yates county, where he. engaged in supplying the feeble: churches of that and the adjoining towns, and in 182,6 jyas mar-, .ried to Henrietta Taylor, pfStap-key. ~ ! His, experience, in respect to-support in the. discharge of hisministerial duties,, was that of many [others who are the pipneers of (pur country j, he, .was. obliged to- eke out ia-drizzling and precarious income, by. cultivating ~ a. farm. *His labors at Pultney, t,o -, which plaoe he removed in 1831, were signally owned by the Great Head of the church, in a most-precious revival, a work which added to the church more than seventy •souls'in a short period. ; -He afterwards labored successively in the church of Havanna and in that of Tyrone; after which heremoved to Ovid, taking charge of the flourishing academy in that place for the space of two years, returning to Pnltney, where he had previously been so highly favored, and where he labored nine years. His health now failing him, he returned to his farm, and served for a few years a feeble church at Rock Stream, in the neighborhood of his residence. At the age of 63 his increas ing infirmities forbade his attempting the further discharge of those duties to which he had devoted so largo a portion of his life, and he accordingly left the pulpit to return not thither again. The disease with which he had struggled for years was of a chrpnic as well as organic nature, and it continued to increase as he advanced in years, till on the 9th of June, 1864, he passed from earth and friends below to heaven' and friends above. His self-denying and arduous labors among those feeble churches, together with the necessity ho found for the practice of the most rigid economy in matters of living, cultivated his other wise natural endowments in this direc tion, till, in the language of a surviving friend, “ he seemed to understand almost everything that pertained to the science of living.” He made it an invariable rule of life never to dispute, never to contend. The writer was conversing with him, a few days previous to his death, on the subject of his religious exercises, in view of his approaching end. While he exhibited the clearest evidence of his conscious unworthiness, and' seemed-pehetrated with a sense of his unprofitableness in the vineyard of onr common Lord and Master, he made no attempt to represent either, in that extravagant manner which we often hear. He spoke of his family with great calmness, as if satisfied they would be taken care of by Him who had said, “Leave thy fatherless children with me." “ The world," he said, “ years ago had ceased to .engage his attention." He was anxious to look once more upon a beloved son, a missionary in India, “ but, if God designed that he should not, he could acquiesce.” Ho was eminently social in his habits, kind in his feelings, both in his family and toward all mankind. Though he had spent much of his life in labors and watchings with men who were little accustomed to the discussions of sub jects which lie remote from the centres of common experience, yet he always succeeded in directing conversation into a most profitable*channel, made it easy ’foE-AJlj- end -seldom failed to benefit those with whom he conversed— He expressed,: On One or two occa sions, a strong desire to remain till this fearful national smuggle should be ter minated, since, in his estimation, it was to be a most important event in the line of this world’s progress and true pros perity—a kind of earnest of the universal triumph of civil and religious liberty everywhere. THE RELIGIOUS PEESS OH THE HEW LEVY. The public have come to regard the religious sentiment of the country as generally so true and sustaining to the government in its time of trial; and the religious influence as such an element of strength, that it becomes a matter of interest f° watch the spirit of the reli gipus press on the recent call for half a million additional troops. Our'readers will be pleased to see a few extracts in point. The Evangelist says : The call for half. a mi llion addition al volunteers does not take the country by surprise, for it has been evident for some time that our armies.already in the field were about matched by the rebels in point of numbers, and it was gene rally felt that onr forces must bo greatly augmented to prosecute further an ag gressive warfare, such as we are obliged to wage in order to recover our terri tory. Much remains to be done not withstanding the good progress already made, and the 'pcoplo now more than ever feel that the work ought to he made “ short and sharp/’ in a word, war in earnest, snob as. will necessarily tax the resources of the entire loyal portion of the republic* in men and meauß. Short of this-great prige we are not again to enter into the. ppsseesion.of our glorious , country,. with peace . smiling, .throughout all our borders/ ■ The test of our worthinesa to hold and transmit suoh a boon to our children, is lipoii us. The 'Christian' Intelligencer meets the -demand in the same spirit. It says: The President Ofthe United States haß issued a, proclamation, calling for 500,000 more i , This call has been expected and ought to he answered promptly and patriotically. All the men needed for the suppression of the rebollioh should be, .and must be. fur nished. Let .every? effort he .used to promote volunteeringin town and coun try, and. the ultimate draft will.be light. The New York Observer of. the 21st does hot, like others of the same'date* contain the announcement of the Pro clamation. But in evident anticipatioji of it, the following out-spoken terms are used: ~ : -' —■ We speak with earnest love for the country and the cause, and in the strongest hope that we may be able to say a word that shall help in saving the country in the hour of its peril. And that word is this : we have never yet risen up to the greatness of the which was forced upon us by the rebclhonM Prom the first call for 75,000 men and* the promise that the rebellion would put down in ninety days, up to tteH present moment, we have underestimvl ted the ability, resources, endnrancß and spirit of the rebellion, and equalyl overrated our own. In consequence cfl these fatal misconceptions, we bar* been' constantly flattering ourselves thsß this campaign would close the war, fhr Ip this measure or that measure would l | a death-blow to the rebellion, and tba| the country would soon be restored t;f union and peace. We have miscaicvl lated the difficulties to be overcome? and now it is the dictate ofpatriot.sr! and humanity to-summon'the Govern ment to rise up to thetgreatness of th occasion and act as becomes a peopl.;, mighty in its resources and engaged if a struggle on which depends the qnes. tion of free government in all the earth Before us there are two and only twe roads; one leads to victory and tk other to national disruption and ruin If the road to victory is still open, thor by all means let it he taken speedily for the longer it is delayed the nearer * we come to the aby3B into which tht ] other will plunge us. Our firm persua j sion is that it is in the power of th-: i American people to bring this war to; j close before next winter on terms ths - will secure union, and honor, and pro : •parity. But the first step to that restc I ration is the overthrow of the militar, { power of the rebellion. To do thug! work we would instantly call into ser. S vice every officer now idle, every soldier J| now absent from his post, we would fii up the depleted regiments and form ne?3 ones by draft, and by sen difig a ucafl army of a hundred thousand men unde.'® a tried and trusted general to the relitw. of Grant, we would scatter the forces oj§ Lee, and then through Eastern Tennesf; see, we would operate upon the South ern States still holding out in rebellion. We must conquer or perish. But we : shall not conquer unless we come up t the magnitude of the work before uj ■$ and meet, as men, the emergency of ih- f hour. The Independent, while loading ;y government with reproaches for suffer ing the last invasion, publishes the eai without a word of approbation, or cote ment of any kind. The U. Y. Christian Times, (Episcci pal) has the following: ! And now this week brings us ihe ntti sic of another act, “ done at Washing?' ton," whereby 500,000 men are sumJ moned to arms, within fifty days. Herai we have something earnest. Had the figure five been a two or even a three it would not have been so real a “ call *: arms." Thelaßt struggles of the woumlo. panther, they say, requires the greater; care and strenth of the hunter; and th: Southern panther, growling and 6tr.ii; gding so fifriou&ly, require .special car. and extra strength from ns. And tin people mean that might shall not K wanting. Will you think for one in ment, what even one hundred thousanc additional men could do for Gran L ant. Sherman ? And if not one but rk|j hundred thousand men could raareijl forth to Grant ; Sherman,Mobile, Charier), ton, Where would the “armies of thf Confederacy” find themselves if | The President comes in at a turning point in this war, and makes a eal which is terribly in earnest, and if yo respond in like earnestness, the rebiw will soon find us too earnest for them and the war is over. I am happy v record that, so far as personal observe] tion goes, our streets and the beat cj the drum bespeak attention to the pwj clamation, and we, as a city, are daily visibly diminishing our quota. A HEW PRESBYTEBIAH CHURCH II WESTMIHSTER. The friends of Presbyterianism ia England will be glad to learn tha'.j arrangements are in progress for tfcl erection in Westminister of a Presbytj rian Church. We may state,briefly thfcj an admirable freehold site has been se cured for this purpose in Yietoria street j aboutfive minutes' walkfrom the Abfceyj and embracing within the radius of 4 mile Piccadilly, Charing Cross, and \Vc»tj "minister proper, besides eonsiderablfj portions of Belgravia and Cambreth. 14 will impart additional interest to tlii4 announcement to state that it is the pa-i pose of the promoters to make thtf* church a memorial of the Westminister Assembly of Divines—a worthy monu ment of the Westminster standards ot doctrine and Church order, which, under God, have so largely contributed to the stability, soundness, and extension of tire Presbyterian system. A friend of the English Presbyterian Church m West minster has subscribed £I,QOO to the building fund. —Weekly Review. GROWTH OF PRESRYTERIAHISM ABROAD, o; Never before did Presbyterianism ex ercise .so wide-sprea<|Jran influence or manifest so much life as - at,the present moment. In Canada, in Australia, h New Zealand, in all the British Colonies the-Presbyterian Churches are energeti cally at-work, consolidating, uniting, ex •toodpg,- Ip the United S tates the saint fact is observable. A reunion of the Ob and New Schools is projected and wit probably' be : accomplished. Congregs tiotis and mission stations’ now extent from:the Atlantic to the Pacific. Jps seventy-five yearsago the Presbyterian General Assembly met .in Philadelphia The Church then numbered 18S m> B ' -isters and 419 churches. The minister now number 45Q0 and the churches 500 t! EquaUy hopeful is the.progress of Pi‘ ev byterianism in the British Isleß. We cannot estimate danger by ex ternal circumstances, bull fey the obs'-s-'* ter of thoso from whom If is tbreateoce