IL No, No. 361./
THE LIBERTIES OF GENEVA.
» Founts PAPER.
Surrounded by powerful foes, ajnfost alone in.
its aspirationsifdr libertyamid the. oppressed and'
silently submissive nations of the world, governed
by a tyrant'Bishop, himself the tool of a tyrant’
Prince, with no friends but the Swiss, it would
seem almost a miracle that the little city of
so many vicissitudes and djsoouragementa ufetil,
the Reformation breathed its, new life into the
people, and made their , causa the cause of re
ligious freedom, and clothod it with divine
power. .
If the Duke was alarmed by the attitude of
the Swiss towards Geneva, the bastard; Bishop
appears to have been unaffected,. Be persisted
in his cruel oourse. His acts, ©quid not be re
garded by the Swiss as, unwarrantable inter
ferences; the Bishop was the acknowledged
Prince of Geneva. The movements of the Duke
excited their jealousy; the torturing and execu
tion of innocent citizens by the Bishop they did
not seem to notice.’- Thepoor'creature, Peoolat
by name, from whom the Bishop by torture had
extracted false accusations against the republican
Berthelier, was sttill in his hands/ and farther
tortures were prepared in order to win new con
fessions from his quivering' lips and bring fresh
victims into the Bishop’s toils. The friends of
Peoolat were roused. With! the aid of an up
right judge, lievrier by name, and theingenious
Bonivard, the interference of the metropolitan
of Vienne, who claimed jurisdiction over the
diocese of Geneva, and who was known to be
jealous of the Bishop, was secured. The de
liverance of the tortured man-was demanded by
tlio metropolitan.’;, An interdict was actually
kid upon Geneva just before the festivities of
Easter, and so great was the clamor of the popu
lace in which the priests themselves united, that
the demand of the Archbishop had-to be; granted
and Peoolat was delivered - top to the triumphant
crowd. Singular to relate, jusfc. as Pecolat’s
friends were leaving , one gate on their way to
the place of imprisonment wjth the order for ml
lease, a courier from the Roman court -was enter
ing another gate bearing pontifical letters which
annulled the censures of the metropolitan, and
an order to the authorities from the Bishop for
bidding them, on their lives, f to release', Peoolat 1,
It was too late. Becolat was released,, and the
numerous and jubilant crowd which on their re
turn had met the Bishop’s messengers hastening
to countermand the order, paid no attention to
the papal command; “This resistance to the
Roman pon tiff,” says the,,historian,“was ,as it were!
an affair of the outposts;gnd the Genevanswere
thus training themselves for more notable battles.
‘Forward’ they shoutedj ‘to the eityl to the
city i’ and the crowd, . leaving the Episcopal
officers alone |U the road, bastened
to the gates." '
The blood-thirsty.Bishop,next seized two of
the “ children of Geneva,” members of fhe riot
ous assemblies of youth, whqin Berthelier bad
skillfully drawn into the liberal .movement, but
who had so utterly failed him when real danger
arose. One of these youths, filmed Navis, was
the son of perhaps the most obsequious of the,
friends of Savoy among the authorities of Geneva.,
His father’s greet services tb6,jbttke were no’
protection to the wild and frivolous youth who;
had espoused the cause of liberty. Both, of
these gay oreaturea were cruelly tortured, be
headed and quartered ; part of their remains,
including the head, Were put in pickle and hung
ap finally on a great walnut tree just across the'
Arve river,—the boundary between'Geneva and
-kivoy,—directly opposite the Church of our
Lady of Graee on the Genevan side; This bru
tal exposure took place op Saturday . evening/;
October 2d, 1518. It was the Bishop’s
tion for an edifying Sabbath among the people
committed to his charge. ' : - f . L
The outbreak of hoifror and indignation among
the people on beholding the spectacle need not
h« described. “ The Bishop,” they said, “is a
wolf in sheep’s clothing. Would you knbw how
lie feeds his Jambs,, go to the bridge of the Arve.”
The prelatioai power was doomed from that hour
in Geneva. The bloody Bishop, in response to
tlio remonstrance of the citizens,’ only intimated
that if they wished to please him they must fur
nish him yet other victims, “If you should
M use,” he said, “ understand clearly that I shall
pray my "Lord (the Duke) and his brother (the
Count) to preserve my good rights; I have con-
Vicnce. in them that they will not let me he
trampled updn; besides this, Twill risk my life
nmt my goods." A beautiful proof of Episcopal
;ne for his flook 1 * From that time the Duke 1
md Bishop were looked upon in Geneva as two
tyrants who sought only the desolation of the
Agitation for a formal alliance with the Swiss
' ;ts commenced. Berthelier and his friends la-
I jiud with all the energy of a political clique at
the eve of an American election, to organize this
‘Movement. Their determination R ealised the
I'uke and the Bishop great alarm. Certain
■'Luieluke deputies were in oonferenoe with
those officials at the time. They sent by these
kputies a demand'that Berthelier be brought to ;
trial. They also sent a sealed letter to the'
council declaring that “ they would-hold them'
1 val subjects if they would assist Itt.wihesitrit
■Vy putting to Jmt%B<mtMie?<tndtM<>r twelve
The letter mrofn'pt to the
■ j tidies, unless they first swore to execute without
; lay the orders it contained- The P eO P ° were
■■■st. operated. The : grhht cohneil of 200 was
‘•tmmoned. The people refused |o take the oath
■ to receive the letter qpd even; threatened to
-low the deputies, into thif B.ho|fP. n open..
■'-tier asking an alliance with Erihurg waa
ied about the olty for signatures:- T 1
bed names were appended to rt-... w c ,
d distinction (Hugues was append
t ’tour the letter toFriburg. /They piet a warm
! "opikm and great honor at. Fnbnrg
due; hundred signers receive* the
'•ln' city, with an offer ; to m*df th ® “ llla
-tacral
the deputies tothe Swiss returned toGenevaon
T „ U !®? ay jP d on Thursday, Deo. 23d, the proposal
ot alliance was brought before the people in general
eoUsoili Great excitement prevailed. After a
eling So'high between the Huguenot
,an Mameluke parties, that deliberation was im-
and the council adjourned Without
cotflihg to ft decision. The friends of Savoy
bolder an<i pushed the trial of Berthelier.
.~® as acquitted, So clear was his innocence
that it was one of the Mameluke judges ,tbat an
nounced the decision of the council to the peo
ple. The Duke interposed with an . embassy,
but the Syndics made them no reply, and. they
thought’it prudent to leave the city; This
hastened the Genevans to a decision, 1 They had
'placed themselves in a hostile attitude toward
the Duke, and they felt it absolutely necessary
to strengthen themselves against the approach
ing emergency. :: 1
’ It was. now February 1519. Six weeks; had
'elapsed, since the ineffectual attempt to procure
’a vote on the alliance in December. But the
had meanwhile been most industri
‘.oUB» *ss %e, people,, disgusted and incensed by
the atrocities of the Bishop, had been extensively
gained over to thrnr views. At the annual
meeting of the people for the electiUU-of four
Syndics, the letter of the Friburgers, proposing
an alhaneo, was read by Hugues, and received
.with acclamation. . .The Mameluke syndics hav
ing refused to put the question, Hugues himself,
knowing “ that there are moments when audacity
alone can save a people,” proposed! the alliance
to the assembly and it was adopted. “ The citi
zens of Geneva opened their gates to, the Swiss.
By tprUing their backs on the south, they for
sook despotism and popery; by turning towards
the north; they invited liberty and truth. Am
bassadors set off immediately to announce to
Iriburg that,the people had voted the alliance.
Then, burst forth one of those great transports
that come over a whole nation when after many,
struggles it catches a glimpse of liberty. In all
the city there were bonfires, cheering, songs,
processions and banquets. '
Yet how natural a feature, amid all this re
joicing, is -the persistence aridi the dark plotting
of the enemies of liberty! “ While the people
rejoiced, the Duke’s friends drew more closely
together and their party was organized. The
house of Savoy had still many adherents in
Geneva, capable of opposing the desire for inde
pendence arid truth. There were old Savoyard
families devoted to the Duke; persons who were
sold to him; priests and laymen enamoured of
Rome; graders averse to a .war that would injure
their business; weak men trembling at the least
commotion; and many low people without occu
pation, who are; easily excited to riot.” We
cannot but observe how similar, are the elements
of opposition, in every age, to every great move
ment for the enfranchisement and elevation of
the people. -‘Just such -characters are on hand
in the strife of to day, banded together and plot
ting in secret to embarrass the government and
if possible. to turn back the current—the same
current towards freedom which throbhed in the
hearts of the Genevans; irresistible then, as it
will prove irresistible now.
EROM OUR ROCHESTER CORRESPON
DENT. . r
[The following letter was started in good sea
son for ourlast week's eoluiris,; hut by some mis
hap jarriyed too latefor insertion .in that, issue.
The contents are ,not injured ;by delay .J;-
‘ Rochester, July 24,1863.
Dear Editor; ' '
... We suppose that most of the l world have al
ready heard of the
CHAMPION SWINDLE,
whereby Luther Calvin Saxton was expecting to
make a very big thing; but, instead, has made
a very hard bed for himself, inside thick
stone walls, and behind iron grates. N,o one not
particularly informed, however,,could have con
ceived .the grandeur of the scheme by which the ,
seething brain of Mr. Saxton .was planning to ac
complish its ends. We have, before us a pam
phlet, entitled “ Publications of the Union Book
Company, New York” The pinphlet purports
to give a schedule of “ Standard Libraries Pub
lished by the . Union Book Company.” These
Libraries, are twenty-four in number—Historical
Library, Biographical Library, Classical Libra
ry, Farmers’ Library, Mechanics’ Library, Reli
gious Library,, Law Library, &c., &e.—“ contain
ing over thousand volumes”—“from the
pens of distinguished European and American
authors”—“all standard works-”
The. JS historical Library, fbr instance, was said
to contain six hundred and forty-eight volumes,
“Edited byLuther.Calvin Saxton, Author ,of
Historical.Science,The History pf Creation,. An
tediluvfon Hfotory, The Fall of Poland, The His
tory of Liberty and Slavery, The History of Mu
sic, &p. These thirty-three new and original
histories containing six hundred and forty-four
large, octavo volumes,” it was said “ form the
most , perfect historical library ever published,
have cost the author over thirty years of la
bor pnd research. These histories will be sold
only to subscribers by ageuts, in numbers or in
volumes.” ; . . . ,
dThq History of America" was said to com
pile “ one hundred; and ninety-nine volumes,
from the,'pens pf over fifty well-known authors,
Edited by Luther Calvin Saxton, published by
the Union Book Company simultaneously in Eu
rope and America.”,, The History of the United
States alone was to'embrace one hundred and
sixty-four volumes! “ Edited by Luther Calvin
Saxton” History of British America; ton vo
lumes, large octavo; South America, twelve vo
lumes;. England, twentyvoluro.es; France, twenty
volumes; Russia, fifteen volumes; Germany twen-,
tyvolumes; all large octavos!
And these hooks arc spoken of as already pub
lished. When or where does not SO clearly ap
pear frp m this pamphlet. Or how one mortal
man, in this short life, over found time to edit
and -write so many volumes as those which Mr.
Sdixtoh himself claims, or where he got money to
pay so many authors, is not so clear. And yet
t hi s brings us to the very point at which the
PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST ti, 1863.
editor-in-chief was supposed to be aiming, viz.,
money. It was reported that he had induced
Mr. Ghampion to advance for. this Union Book
Concern and other schemes, kome two hundred
thousand dollars, although the final losses may
not reach this amount. Mr. Champion . pro
secutes the great'.“editor” for fraud, and in de
fault of bail to the amount of §loo,ooo,.the man
of letters lies in jail, to await his trial' in Sep
tember next. ~ >
Mr. Champion is well known as a man of great
wealth and liberality. He- has long resided in.
this place, and has done much for its substantial
prosperity, beside giving largely to all our great
'causes of benevolence. His standard benefac
tions form long time -have been a- thousand dol
lars yearly’ to each one of the" great national be
nevolent societies. And it will rejoice the
friends of Christ to know that the losses which
he has experience's have not taken'away the-abi
lity or the disposition to remember these good
causes just as in former years. We chance to
know, that, be has .recently sent hisjhousand dol
lars to the Am mean’Board of Missions, another
to the Bible Society, five hundred to the Home
Mission Society, and five hundred to the Pres
byterian Committee of Home Missions. How
much more he inay have sent to other societies
we do not know; but doubt not they, too, are re
membered. - -
GLANCES ON THE WING.
We will next speak rapidly of some matters of
interest in several different places:
Coojperstoion.- — A gentle shower of Divine
Gri-ace Has been . falling for some time on this
place. Quite a goodly company have come out
on the Lord’s side. Rev. J. A. Priest, formerly
of West-Bloomfield, N. J., previously to’ that
pastor of the Presbyterian church at Coopers
town, and more recently a traveller in Europe,
and correspondent of the N. t. Evangelist, has
been laboring here most acceptably with his old
flock for six or eight .months past, and this is the
delightful reward of,his labors. He has recently
been called to Claremont, N. H., also to. Dun
kirk, N., Y., and to Cooperstowo. He has de
clined the first two—holds the last in abeyance,
not entirely sure that his health will hold out to
reside so far north; but continues, for the pre
sent at least, where he is, and where lie finds so
much to encoiirage him in his work.
Binghamton. —Tlio Presbyterian church in
this, beautiful village have-recently .dedicated
their new house of worship. It is one of the
largest and most elegant church edifices in this
State; and what is more.and better, it is already
filled by one .of the most intelligent and refined
audiences to be found anywhere. They are mi
nistered to by, one of the strong, good men, Rev.
Geo. N. Boardman, recently professor in Middle
bqjy College. We were told soon, after the
dfoatipu, that- the pews were all. or nearly all,
not; only . sold, but occupied. If we recollect
aright, the house,will seat about twelve hundred
persons. And; not this- alone, but a gentle, spi
ritual quickening, by which the church was
greatly refreshed, and some souls were converted
has been experienced. .Truly this is a prospe
rous, Society. Long may they dwell close by the
Fountain of all blessings and mercies.
Adams, Jeff. Co.—This beautiful village; too,
has witnessed good things.. . Rev., W. S. Maekie,
a young brother who has been but two or three
years in the ministry, is laboring here, and has
received-about eighty members to the Presbyte
rian, church within the present year. There has
been no sudden outburst of extraordinary feeling;
but a gradual quickening and a sustained inte
rest, with some turning; to the Lord in every pass
ing month. The prayer-meetings, also, and the
Sabbath school, haye , received a new impulse.
The .members of the church are at work aiding
the pastor and helping on in every good, thing.
Brasher Falls. —This is a pretty little village
further north, in the, town of Stockholm, in St.
Lawrence Co. It has the good : fortune to have
one man, Hon. 0. T.'Hulburd, recently, elected
to Congress, who is a. tower of strength to every
good pause in that part of the State; foremost
for missions and for Sabbath'schools; deeply in
terested; also, in agriculture, manufacturers, apd
everything that benefits society. Indeed, he is.
one of five brothers in the same town, men of the
right stamp;. There is a Congregational church
at Stockholm, and. a Presbyterian church at
Brasher Falls, only two or three miles apart..
These ,churches have united in .securing the ser
vices of a minister, Bcv. S. W. Pratt, a graduate
of the last class in Auburn Theological Seminary.
He is, we .believe, to supply the two pulpits,
preaphing a part of the day in one place, and a
part in the other. ......
Why is not this amost excellent arrangement?
The two cap support a’ minister; neither one
alone can well: dp it, Why is it not a peculiarly
good;arrangement,for a young man just com
mencing the preparation of sermons? But one
discourse a week is required of him, and that
serves the two congregations. He is sure, also,
of some exercise, ,(at least enough to pass from;
one pla.ee. to the other every Sabbath,) which
young ministers are apt ,to neglect to their seri
ous detriment. This young brother is already
furnished with a horse and buggy to take him
around his two parishes; a parsonage is being
prepared for him; warm hearts give him wel
come; and so he enters upon his work under
very favorable auspices. May the Master go
with him, and sustain him, and give "him souls
for his hire. Genesee,
fMim.
HOW THE OLD COVENAHTERS FIGHT,
The Pennsylvania Reserves marched from
Washington on the 26th of June, and by forced
marches, under the command of Gen. Crawford,
reached the Army Of the Potomac just in time
to participate in the great battles lately fought
on the,soil of their native State. When it was
manifest that the enemy had established them
selves in Pcnnyslvania, nothing could exceed
the enthusiasm of this tried corps in their desire
to meet them on their soil. They were soon
gratified, and the orders to march were received
with loud cheers. A toilsome march was
borne without a murmur, and at Frederick they
were assigned as the Third Division of Meade’s
Army Corps. Thence they marched to Penn-
sylvania. Before crossing the line, General
Crawford addressed th(m as follows:
Soldiers of the Pennsylvania Reserve: —You
have once more been called to the field. An
order from the Commanding General, a rapid
and fatiguing march, lifts placed us again by the
side of comrades ende&d to us by sufferings
bn many hard-fought fields. If you would hail
the , prospect of active service at any time with
delight, how much mere now. Our native
State is invaded by. tl e worthless hordes of
plunderers, who, forget ,ing South Mountain
and Aritietam, and allured by the spoils of our
rich valleys, have pollute*! the soil of Pennsyl
vania. Our homes are desolated, our fields laid:
waste, our property destroyed. To-day, within
a few hours, we shall tread the soil of the .Key
stone. The eyes of all will be upon us. To
us they will look with animus hearts for relief.
,Let the sight of onr mountains and our native
•plains lire yottr hearts arms in
the. hour of battle.
dear to man. Remembc]’ you are Pennsylva
nians. Let no breach of'discipline mar the
glory of the past, but let ns pledge to each other
to-day never to cease until we drive the enemy
of our country, our, Constitution and our peace,
forever from our soil I / I
Forced marches soon br ugbt them to Hano
ver, and on the 2d, they reached the battle
field, having joined the Fifth Corps in'the rear.
The battle was raging furiously on the left.
The enemy seemed to,have ’concentrated all his
force, at that point , for the purpose of turning
our left flank,' and gaining possession of a point
called High Knob, which commanded the entire
position. A staff officer of the commanding
General had - ridden to the rear, asking for
troops to go at once,to this point. The enemy,
had overcome the troops opposed to him. Both
Ayres’and Barnes’ divisions of the Fifth Corps
had fallen back, and the Third Corps had
broken in confusion acrbssdhe low ground at
the foot of the ridge. A'battery had been lost,
and an immense number qf small arms. It was
the critical moment of the day. Two brigades
of the “Reserves” stood"drawn up at the foot
of the slope, vital to us.' Gen.
Warren had pronouncbdlt the key of the posi
tion. - "
The enemy were bashing on in the full tide
of success. In a moment'more the day would
have been lost, when the Reserves were ,ordered,
to the Charge. General Crawford placed him
self at the head of hisAncn, and taking the
colors of the leading regiment, led them on.
The Buektails had heeffi thrown in front, and
fearlessly had they thrown themselves on the
enemy, their rifles dealing : death at every shot.
The enthusiasm' of the men was unbounded.
On they dashed with a shout that made the
welkin rmg. General Crawford, with Captain
.Livingston and Captain Auehmuty, of his Staff,
waving their hats and encouraging them; on.
Seeing their colors in the hand of their General,
they were irresistible... With long and loud
cheers they crossed the low ground, driving the
enemy by their sure and, volleys back
across the ground, through 'the woods to the.
ridge beyond. Here they stopped.. There was
no support upon either flank.
The enemy retired, leaving the field they had
gained in our possession; ' The -day was saved.
i)R HITCH&OCK; ON
OF SPECIES.
It is a sigriificantfact that very few of the.ad
vocates t of the transmutation hypothesis refer to
man as an example of it. Yet if it be true, man
ought to be a conspicuous illustration of it. For
in Ms case' we have the most perfect of all ani
mals and vastly the superior of them all, appear
ing suddenly at a very recent period; for>though
geologists may. contend about the precise .period
of his appearance, all agree that it was very re
cent, and none contend that it was earlier than
the alluvial period. Whence came he ? If he
is only one of the lower animals metamorphosed,
,we ought surely to find a multitude of interme
diate varieties. Bat not one has ever beeo brought
to light. The monkey tribe must have been his
'immediate progenitor. But only a very.few spe
cies of these have'been'found fossil, and none be
low the Tertiary, and all of them differ as much
from man as do the living monkeys. Lamarck
had the. boldness to attempt .to describe the. pro
cess by which the monkey whs transformed into
'a man. But the picture was so absurd-kind ridi
culous that few have attempted to make; a sober
philosophical defence of it. \ Yet if .it fails in a
species so conspicuous as man, it fails as to all
others. But it is lbss revolting to common sense
and experience to represent obscure • radiate or
articulate or molluscous animals as slowly trans
muted from one speeies into another, than to bring
manjintp the same category, Therefore silence in
respect to him is the wisest course. For what
philosophic mind, free from bias, can believe
such a being, the highest of all animals in ana
tomical structure .and intellect, and. possessed of
a moral nature, of which no trace exists in any
other animai, is merely the, product of t rags mu
tation. of tbe radiate monad through the i&ollusk,
the lobster, the bird, the quadruped, and the
monkey, either by Lamarck’s principle of “ appe
tency,” and “the force of circumstances,” or
Darwin’s principle of “selection ?” The fact is,
man’s appearance at so late a period in the earth’s
history, and so independent of all other species,
seems a providential testimony to the absurdity
of this hypothesis.
Opinions oj Eminent Naturalists.
We ,haye seen,- however, that it has been adopt
ed by some naturalists. How is it with the dis
tinguished paleontologists and zoologists to whom
we have referred, as the highest, authority on such
questions ? We quote first from Professor Pictet,
who. says, “ the theory of the transformation of
speeies appears to us entirely inadmissible, and
diametrically opposed |o all the teaching,qf zool
ogy, and physiology.” ; Says Agassiz, ‘- nothing
furnishes the slightest [argument in favo,r of the
mutability of species} on the contrary, every
modern investigation has only gone to confirm,
the results first obtained by Cuvier, and his views
that species are fixed.” ; “ It .cannot be denied
thatithe species of different successive periods are
supposed by some naturalists to,derive their disk
tinguishing features from changes which have
taken place in those of preceding ages; but this
is a mere supposition, supported neither by physi
ological nor geological evidence, and the assump
tion,that animals and plants may change in a
similar manner during one and the same period.
On the contrary, it is known by the evidence f ur r
nished by the Egyptian monuments,, arid by the
most careful comparison Between, animals found
in the tombs of Egypt with the living specimens
of the same speeies obtained in the same coun
try, that there is not the shadow of a difference be
tween them, for a period of about five thousand
years. Geology onlyGiowsfbat.at different periods
therehave existed different species,; but no transi
tion from those of a preceding, into those of the
following epoch has ever been noticed any.where.”
Says Owen, referring to the hypotheses of Wal
lace, Darwin, and others, “observation of the ef
fects of any of the above hypothetical transmuting;
influences, in changing any known species into,
auother, has not yet been recorded. Aud past
experience of the chance aims of human fancy,
unchecked and unguided by observed facts, shows
how widely they have ever glanced away from
the golden centre of truth.”
Compelled thus by the principles of truephi-
losophy to discard an hypothesis so unreason
able, these distinguished- savans have felt as if
special;acts of creation by Divine power were
the only alternative to account for the succes
sive introduction Of new groups of organisms
upon the earth’s surface. “The two first ex
plications’’ (that of the displacement of con
temporaneous faunas—Replacement des faunas
conlernporaines —and that of transmutation,)
says Ricket, “being inadmissible, there remains
the'third, which is known under the name Of
the theory of successive creations, because it
admits the direct intervention of creative; pow
er : at: the. comnaencement of each geological
hpoch.?’ •
Professor Owen is rriore decided. “We are
able,” says he, * to demonstrate that the differ
ent epochs of the earth were attended With cor
responding changes of organic structure; and
■that in all, these instances of change the 'organs,
still,illustrating the ..unchanging .fundamental
types, were, as far as we could .comprehend
their use, exactly those best suited to the func
tions of the being; Hence we not only show
intelligence (evoking means adapted; to the end,
but at successive times and periods producing
; a change of mechanism adapted to a change in
external' conditions. Thus the, highest genera
lizations in the science of organic bodies, like
the'Newtonian laws of universal ihatter, lead
to the unequivocal conviction of a great First
Cause, which is certainly not mechanical.” .
With still stronger emphasis does Agassiz
speak of the origin of animals. “All these her
ings," Says he, “do not exist in'consequence of
the'continued agency of physical causes, but
have made their successive appearance upon
the earth by the immediate intervention of the
Creator.”
To the unsophisticated mind, nhtfamelied by
theories, the inevitable conclusion from all these
facts is, that the successive appearance of nume
rous groups of animals and plants on the globe,
forms so many distinct examples of miracles; of
creation. For in the view of ail except the ad
vocates of the Development Hypothesis,.they
demanded a force above and beyond nature in
her ordinary course, and this is the essential
thing in a miracle. What believer in the Bible
ever doubted that the creation of man and con
temporary races was a miracle in this sense ?
Indeed what stronger evidence of miraculous
.intervention have we anywhere than the creation
'of organic beings, especially of man ? and his in
troduction is one of the facts of geological his
tory. But the mere creation of these successive
races is not the whole of the matter. For they
were nicely adapted to the altered condition of
things at the different epochs. They showed,
also, a gradual elevation in the scale of being,
as we rise higher and higher. If it was not a
miracle to introduce succeeding groups under
such circumstances, that is, a special divine in
tervention, then we despair of finding a miracle
anywhere.— Bibliotheca Sacra.
WHO SHALL DECIDE WHEN DOCTORS
DISAGREE?
The New York Church Journal, an Episco
palian paper, after speaking of a request recently
made by the Southern clergy for Bibles to be
forwarded from the North,—a request to which
the good churdhnieh of Nhw York seemTohave
acceded, goes on to say •
TPe cannot refrain from, adding that the
Bishops and clergy there—Bishop Polk inclu
ded—send the kindest messages of undiminished
lo ve, as of old, to their brother Churchmen of
the North. Moreover, we are well assured that
even in the midst of the fearful struggles of
war, the church is steadily gaining ground all
through the South. There is a general and
growing distrust of sects and fanatics and l’anters
roarers; and from every part of the Southern
armies, as well as from every part of the South
ern country, the demand for the services of
church clergymen is greater than can by any
possibility be supplied. The Bishop of Georgia
has lately made three visitations to Gen. Bragg’s
army, for the purpose of holding confirmation ;
and among those confirmed was Gen. Bragg
himself. - .
At the same time, and proceeding with a si
milar gradual change along with the growing
preferences for the Church, there is an evident
change going on in regard to the feeling with
which the North is regarded. The fierce• and.
fanatical, hatred with which the war broke out
is steadily giving' 'way to a nobler and better
feeling, so that many of those who, two years
ago were ready to swear that they would never
eat or wear or purchase any thing that .came,
from here, are now looking forward, with ex
pectant interest, to the lime when they may be
able to resume (heir annual summer visits to the
North, as in (lie days before the war began. ■
The passages says the Commonwealth, which
we wish-to call attention to are the beginning
and closing sentences! These are strangely at
variance with the sentiments contained in the
“Appealof the Confederate Clergy,” already
alluded to by us. These representatives of
Southern Christianity take occasion to express
their “undiminished love” in the following
manner:— ,
If to awaken a deeper resentment than ever
inflamed the people of the South 'before ;• if to
quench the last sentiment of respect that lin
gered in their breasts. for the United States’
Government; if to unite them more resolutely
than ever, and to make it to the individual
interest of every person in the bounds of the
Confederacy to sustain and strengthen it with
every dollar and every arm, and every prayer,
and. every energy of manly virtue and Chris
tian encouragement, be to advance, the invad
er’s interest, and give him hope of success,
then'has the proclamation famished him oppor
tunity pf congratulating himself.
Will the Church Journal gives us a “ Har
mony” of these two opposite texts ?
THE 104TH PSALM.
A striking example.of the Bible’s entire avoid
ance of error in its allusion to the grand pheno
mena of nature is found in the 104th Psalm.
This magnificent composition, than which, says
Bishop Lowth, “ nothing can be conceived more
perfect of its s kind,” demonstrates the glory of
tbe Creator from the wisdom, beauty, and varie
ty of his works. It may be considered as a po
etical version of the narrative of creation in Gen
esis. Like Moses, the inspired Psalmist begins
with God, the Almighty King of kings, whose
raiment is the light; whose palace is in the hea
vens, whose chariots are the clouds, and whose
retinue are angelic spirits, who hasten like the
wind and the lightning to fulfil his pleasure.
He then glances to the earth and tells us who
“ laid its I‘oundatians that they should not be
moved foreves,” “ From the inanimate creation
he makes a transition by the springs and streams
of water to the living creatures which quench
their thirst and rejoice in the Creator’s bounty!
He speakS of the provision made for such crea
tures as the wild asses of the desert, and the
fowls of heaven which sing among the branches
of the trees. And then he speaks of man, of [
the provision made for man, and of the adapta- ;
tion of all things to man, the chief of all these' i
lower works of God.” The whole psalm is
written in the.highest style of poetry, and yet in ;
all this wide range of topics, the keenest eye of
science cannot discern the slightest error, while.
the phenomenal language respecting {he earth’s
immovability, as has already been shown, con
tains an implied recognition of a great scientific
truth. How remarkable,a testimony to the
Bible this accuracy is, will he felt when it is re
membered that Milton, who wrote his immortal
poem hardly two hundred years ago, speaks of
the “ five other wandering fires,” supposing that
to be the number of the planets which with»the
earth and sun makd up our system. No such
charge of ignorance can be fixed upon David or
any other of the sacred writers, Baron Hum
boldt, who cannot be accused of any undue'par
tiality for the Bible, thus speaks of this sacred
hymn: “We are astonished to find in a lyrical
pocm.pf f snch a limited jcompass, the whole uni
verse—the hhaveUs and the earth—-sketched*
with a few, bold (Touches. ‘ The calm, and toilsome
life of inan, from, the rising of the sun to the
setting of the same when his daily work ik done,
is here eonstrasted with the moving life' of the
elements of nature. This contrast' and gener
alization in the conception of natural, pheno
mena, and the retrospection' of an omnipresent
invisible Power, which can renew the earth or
crumble it to dust, constitue asolemn and exal
ted form of poetic creation. • Tullidge.'
GOD’S DRAFTED.
Our drafted men sometimes speak of them
selves, or their friends speak.of them as the spe
cially and inexpressibly unfortunate of mankind.
Even patriotic newspapers occasionally • allude
to them as “the victims of the draft.” One
might think'they were speaking of' the draft of
the king of Dahomey, for his annual custom of
cutting thousands of human as a saeri-
fthe cruel manes of his father. Our
draiw& soldiers, to say nothing of the sustain
ing excitements of patriotism and honor, should
look upon themselves in the light of religion, :
as differing from their neighbors only in the
form of hard service to which the Lord, has
drafted them. He drafts us all to bear the
cross, in some shape or other; that is to per
fomrfeome unpleasant duty, and the unplea
sant duties are all we have to be concerned
about, as the pleasant will almost perform
themselves. ..Yes all men, as has been said, are
“ cruciferi et cruces.”
What kind of cross it shall..be our duty to
bear, it is not for us but for Him who. rules, to
select. Heraldry has devised seventy-two
forms of the instrument as the. badge of the
various orders of knighthood and religion to the
world. Among them there might be a choice,
but not among the still more numerous forms
of trial Providence may bring upon us. Some
may he averted or alleviated by a holy life, all
wijl be made heavier by sin, but the best Chris
tians maybe visited by calamitiesthey least ex
pected.
Why should the musket in a righteous cause
be regarded as an intolerable cross,?; The
motive from which it is assumed may . make it
sacred as {hat badge. The crusader’s sword to
him was literally his cross. Its cruciform shape
was hallowed in : his eyes; : “In hoc signo vinces ,”
it said to him as assuringly as when this legend
enci rcl etl the heavenly cross in the visio.n of the
emperor who assumed- the diademof Rpme.oa,
this very day of the year, July 26th, in A. D.,
306. We suppose no practical man now doubts
the lawfulness of bearing arms> since : the ultra
peace principles were exploded in the first
whiff of gunpowder against fort Sumter. Arms
must be borne, therefore some must bear them.
If the lot falls upon ns, wejmay rejoice that it
is this rathef than many visitations apparently
more objectless and useless. >’ And we need not
fear to find military life so repulsive as at first
it seems. Some who thought themselves least
adapted for it by tastes and habits have found
on trial that in this, as in every other element
of God’s universe in which human duty is in
volved, there is a pervading system of compen
sations,sand have been impelled to cry,
“Oh war, thou bast thy fierce delight, '
Thy gleams-of joy intensely bright.”
—Christian Register.
SAVING MINISTERS.
It has been lately proposed in the public pa
pers, as a means of preserving clergymen for a
longer use, to a greater age, that while they
are young,; they should not be expected to do
so much, as is now required of them ; that for
the first five ybars of "their ministry, only one
sermon on the: Sabbath should be given. Hot
one minister in a million is ever disabled by
hard study, or dies prematurely from that cause.
A far better plan would be to require them to
preach eyery day and Sabbath too, for the first
years of their ministery,-and “as ye go, preach;”
take circuits, and preach in destitute places, five:
or ten, or fifteen miles apart; a sermon a day
on an average, the year round; and twp or three
on Sabbaths, the'oftener the easier; ’the advan
tages are,that they would become acquainted
withthecountryjwould bebroughtinto personal
contact .with, a great variety of persons ; would
see human nature in its runltitudiuo,us phases;,
and thus in after-life would be able to read a
hook, mpre instructive to them than any other,
except the Bible; and reading it well, would
■put intheir hands a key which would unlock
the human heart, and give them so complete
an, access ; to it, that the people would say:,
“JVever man spake like this man.” “ Be told
me all that ever I did.” Patrick Henry owed
his greatest power to what he learned of hu
man nature by talking to all sorts of people in
his little country store. , Another advantage is,
that tbis daily, active out-door life, breathing
the .pure air fdr : almost all of daylight, would
enable them to work off that diseased bodily
condition,-: which Is generated in theological
seminaries ;and would so knit and compact the
constitution, so.renovate it, not only by the ex
by change of food and, associa
tion, as to lay the foundation for many years of
healthfulness in the future. It is impossible
for s ,an intelligent* man to doiibt for am instant,
that four or five years spent :in riding every
day on horseback, in the open air, with the ac
companying and exhilarating mental exercise
reqiiired in preaching, would be as certain to.
build up the constitution, as spending 'from
morning until night in confined rooms, and eat
ing heartily all the time, without any systematic
exercise, would pull it down, and destroy it.
There is nothing perplexing, or mystic, or
mindracking in ordinary ministerial duty; it
is mbre ! of'calm contemplation, like that of the'
natural philosopher, the longest-lived of all
other classes, as statistics say; , ,they "study the
works of God; the cleirgy study his. word;
which is a surer “word of prophecy” and a
plainer. The destroyers of our clergy are not
hard study ; not the difficulties connected with
their calling; but reckless and unnecessary expo
sures ; irregular efforts,; wrong habits of eating;
unwise neglect,of wholesome bodily exercises;
bad hours of study, and a criminal inattention
to the securement Of those bodily regularities,
which are ihdispensible to health the world
over. Preaching often, does not kill; look at
the Whitfields and the Wesleys and the multi
tudes of others like them; .confinement even,
does, notjdll: Baxter and Buiiyan; and many
more livea in jails fof years' tbgetheii'' and that
GENESEE EYANGELIST.—¥EoIe No-898.
too without opportunities of exercise—for their
living was plain, and that not. over-abundant,
nor tempting either!— Hall’s Journal of Health.
MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE,
Ordinations in Hurlcey.-, —Within a few days,
in May, pastors were installed over no less'than
five of the Protestant churches in'Central and
Eastern Tiifkey. ; Mr. Goss, of Adana, Central
Turkey, writes: “May 14th and 17tb were happy
days for ns,for on those days pastors were given
to'the churches in Adana and Tarsus. After
the ’benediction by the pastor, the brethren assem
bled around their. newly appointed shepherd, and,
taking Mm by the hand, or throwing their arms
around liis neck prayed for God’s blessing upon
him, thus furnishing fresh evidence of their
mutual love.” ‘
Adadpur,'who was ordained, at Adana as an
evangelist, about seven years ago, was, installed
as pastor at Tarsus, the out-station of. Adana,
May 17. On the 23d of the same month, Baron
Polat Sarkis was ordained as pastor of the church
at Antioch, in the same mission, and on the 24th,
(the Sabbath) a pastor was ordained at Bitias
also.
- About the same time, there was an ordination
in Eastern Turkey also. The annual meeting of
the mission was ’ held at Diarbekir, commencing
May IS,, and closing May 25 j and the most in
teresting, day of the meeting, it is said, was .that
devoted to the ordination,of Baron Tomas Boya
jian, as pastor of the First Evangelical Church
in that place. “The examination of the candi
date was full, and remarkably well sustained.
More than a thousand adults were present, be
sides hundreds of children, and the attention was
unflagging to the end.” The members of the
ehurqh, pledge themselves to furnish neajrly half
the salary. : , '■
Ordination id India. —ln the Madura field also,
in India, a letter of May 20 announces that there
was to he an ordination. Mr. Bendall wrote of
a very pleasant meeting of the mission, at which
it was deeided that a valuable catechist, who had
been laboringat the Tirumungalum station, should
be ordained pastor at Malankinnaru. “He will
be the second candidate ordained this year.”
diminished Zeal in the Service of Idols. —Mr..
Tracy, of the Madura mission, wrote in April:
“At the recent annual festival of Secundermalie,
larger numbers than usual were present, owing
probably to the abundant harvest just gathered
in; but a most willing disposition to listen to
the truth was manifested by the people present,
and everything in the form of a book or tract
we had to dispose of was given away or sold.
Much difficulty was found in drawing the idol
car, many of the people saying that it was not
their concern, but that of the brahmins, who
might'draw it themselves if they chose. More
than twice the usual time was consumed in bring
ing the eaf to its accustomed; standing place, and
then it was accomplished only by hiring men
from the village to do the work.”
' A.Missionary “Full of Joy.”—Mr. Nutting, of
Oorfa, Central Turkey, wrote briefly, June. 15.
“I am full of joy in looking at the work of God
already visible in this field. As fait as I have
thrown' the burden- [of supporting their own
institutions] on the people, they have, borne it,
and with cheerfulness and increasing ability.
This year, since January, Ahry- ]saye (here: in
Pqrffi) paid'promptly the Salary of their native
preacher,—though he is not yet ordained ag their'
pastor, and the church has numbered only 14
members and the congregation about 200,—asses-,
sing it, and the support of three school teachers,
according to ability, 'fhus far there is no delin
quency ; every thing is paid up promptly. They
have also paid half the cost of a place of worship
in Germish, and part of the.support of an evan
gelist, - though as yet . there is no, congregation
gathered there. The word of the Gospel has
also sounded out to all in the surrounding region
'from here to Serooj; Bozova, in more than a
dozen villages, without a cent of help from
abroad. Two weeks ago eight persons, four
of them males, were received to the chureh,
.which, now numbers 22 working Christians,
meeting every Friday for a private church prayer
meeting, and including seven hopeful young men'
who are receiving instructions with a view to be
coming ministers of the gospel, .unsupported, by
foreign aid. Of these only one now receives aid
from abroad. The others are all self-supporting,
and never expect any support aside from what
the congregations may give.”
Jiheohuta Delivered. —The father of the present
King of Dahomey was, in 1851, killed in front of
Abeokuta while,making war upon its inhabitants.
His son swore vengeance, and has, for twelye,
years, been training his warriors ; (female as well,
as male) to make it sure and .terrible. Recently
the tiiike to ’'execute his purpose arrived. He 1
marched within six miles of Abeokuta. The
Abeokutaus, though it seemed hopeless, deterA
mined to,f{ght, to .the, last. The Christian con
verts amqngthem are so numerous that their,
quota of soldiers-M)rganized in a separaie band,
with : officers of their own choice—numbered
seven hundred. For sixteen days the attack was
hourly, expected. In the meantime, the; Christian
natives gave themselves to prayer ful; deliverance.
At length it came. The Dahomian soldiers,
apparently filled with fear, suddenly and without
any known' cause) fled, leaving Abeokuta un-*
harmed. The C hrlstians ascribed the deliverance
to the Jiand oi' Gqd. ; v
THE WHOLENESS OF RELIGIOUS CHA
RACTEB,
The Bostort Becor&er in an excellent article
on this subject says: '' ’
Pew things injure the cause of .Christ more
than the inconsistences, incongruities and con
tradictions in good men. Their religion is con
fined <to-‘ and expends" itself; in certain habits,
ways of working, seasons and periods of Chris
tian labpr, r .The whole tree has, not been grafted
apparently., So from the same stock yon .get
both kinds 1 of Jeremiah’s figs. • One. basket
was very good figs, like the figs that are'first
ripe; and the other .basket-shad very naughty
figs, which could not he (eaten, they were so
bad.” ;
, Some good .men would be improved if they
should become\l9ss religious, if nded . be, that
they might become more moral. They ought
to be better,in. secular and worldly things, even
though aidhe expense of some of their religions
doings.* - Their family,-social; business, public
aftd Christian life needs temperingitogether into
good proporitions, (Less in parts, and more in
the .whole would improve them. If,the bridges
are unsafe, the splendid track between will not
commend* a railroad or raise 'its dividends.' A ;
piliar and j°y in the family, a'good neighbor, a
perfectly reliable- business man, an active cor
operator in the parish, in the church, in the Sab
bath school and prayer-meeting, a hopeful work
' tkm’e is no revival-~sdc]i ft
Christian has a roundness, a well-proportioned
development of his piety. The wholeness and
the holiness of ; the -man remind ns of the orieinal
identity, pf thpse ,-twq, words,, which, according
Anglo-Saxon root, . are Aof—whok '
hahg —-holy. '■ ' " - ' ■
'The First Reformed Presbyterian Church ofPhila
.delphia lias seiit about ofie hundred and fifty persons I
bo the : "armyi' ; An is;-*'!-**