fMrtgttmtt
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1861.
JOHN ¥• HEARS, ED.ITOR.
associated with
ALBERT BARNES, , GEOROE DUFFIELD, Js.
THOMAS BRAINERD, / JOHN JENKINS,
HENRY DARLING. I THOMAS J. SHEPHERD.
A HEW VOLUME.
With this number we commence the sixth vo
lume of the American Presbyterian. Through
five eventful years, embracing seasons of extraor
dinary disturbance in our Churoh and in the na
tion, through great commercial revulsions, great
revivals, and finally civil war itself, our paper has
survived and exerted, we believe, an influence for
good. It has been a standard of loyalty to the
Church and the State in a neighbourhood where
our denomination would otherwise have been
grossly misrepresented and irremediably injured.
In the spirit of our branch of the Churoh, it has
aimed to be honest without unkindness, and out
spoken without recklessness on the great questions
of the times. If some of the great ends which we
have felt it our duty to advocate have also en
tered into the partisan strifes of the day, that
fact has been no cause of embarrassment to us;
we have been unable to see in it a reason for
discontinuing our advocacy of those ends. It
may be an honor to a party to include the Maine
Law, or opposition to the extension of slavery in
its creed; certainly it does not affect the intrinsic
excellence of those measures, or relieve good men
of the duty of promoting them. Nay, it might
easily he made to appear, that the very inter
mingling of partisan elements in the strife between
good and evil, render the services of Christian
men only the more needful. With a firmer hand,
therefore, our Christian journalists and men of
influence should grasp the helm, when men with
doubtful, or openly venal purposes essay to guide
the car of progress in society and in tbe state.
We have not allowed ourselves, in these columns,
to be deterred from what we considered tbe wise
exercise of all tbe influence we could command
on great topics of public interest lying within the
sphere of religious journalism. And in so doing,
we believe we have faithfully represented the
liberal, comprehensive and fearless spirit of our
denomination. The kingdom of Christ is not
meat and drink, nor is it of this world; neverthe
less it is the salt of the earth, and the leaven which
is to leaven the whole lump of human society and
institutions. We think that the events and ca
tastrophes of the past five years have shown, with
increasing olearness, the necessity of bringing the
influences of religion to bear upon the commercial
and political relations of men; they have shown
the vanity of attempting, for peace sake, to keep
great and plain questions of duty and morals out
of our Churoh courts; they have shown that,
whether we will or not, such questions will force
themselves on us resistlessly sooner or later;
and that the wiser, not to say the only right
course, is to meet them as they arise, and decide
them frankly, in the fear of God, and with such
light as we have.
We have no wish to boast. But we may with
sincere pleasure recall tbe fact that our five years’
record is one clear, consistent and intelligible tes
timony, on questions whose supreme importance
is at length universally recognised, and upon the
side for which twenty millions of our countrymen
are, to all practical purposes, almost unanimously
enlisted, and for which they are prepared to sacri
fice their treasures and their blood.
It has been our eornest purpose to answer truly
the ends of a religious and family journal. This
purpose we feel that we have been carrying out
white discussing the questions which have agitated
the community, otherwise we should have avoided
them. It was needful that right views of them
should prevail in the Church and the Christian
household. Meanwhile, we have sought by the
original and selected matter we have presented
to our readers, to furnish a stimulus to the prac
tice of every Christian virtue, to cultivate a large
Christian experience, to trace the providential
significance of events occurring around us, to ex
hibit the growth, the perils, and the claims of the
Redeemer's kingdom in every part of the world,
to assist the Christian parent in instilling elevated
Christian principles into the minds of his children,
and to make our visits welcome even to the
youngest reader or listener in the household group.
Alas! Alas 1 that our deficiencies in intention
and in execution have been so many and so great.
IVe beg you, gentle reader, bear with us, pray for
us, and render U 3 your aid with heart and hand
in this the sixth year of our existence.
NOTICE.
TO THE SUPPORTERS OF THE KOLAPOOR 3IISSIO.V, INDIA,
Rev. R. G. Wilder, who left for his missionary
work in India, last week by the Persia, has issued
the following, which will be interesting to all friends
of the Kolapoor Missions
Beloved Friends:— ln leaving our native shores,
we destre to express our sincere thanks for the gene
rous sympathy, encouragement, and aid you have so
kindly given us in our efforts to re-establish our dear
Mission at Kolapoor. Situated as it is among mil
lions of idolaters, with no other missionary to care
for their sonls, you share with us a peculiar privilege
if we are enabled to plant the Gospel permanently
among them, and win some of their precious souls to
Christ. We go baok to this work with little confi
dence in our own strength, but trusting in God and
in those whose hearts He inclines to help us to sup
port the Mission.
You may wish to know,
1. How can contributions reach us in India?
Answer. All moneys for us should be sent di
rectly to Rev. A. E. Campbell, D. D., No-156 Cham
bers Street, New York, with the specific statement
that the same is for the Kolapoor Mission. The sums
already subscribed for 1862, will reach us safely
through Dr. Campbell, and tee trust they will be
promptly paid U> him early in January next.
2. How can letters reach us in India?
Answer. Write on thin paper, and address to Rev.
R. G. Wilder, Kolapoor, Bombay Presidency, India,
and inclose to Rev, A. E. Campbell, D. D., No. 156
Chambers Street, New York. Those who wish to
prepay postage to India will inclose to Dr. Campbell
thirty-six cents In postage stamps to every half-ounce
weight of letters.
3. And now, dear friends, one question to you:
Shall the Kolapoor Mission die with us, or shall it
live and prosper over our graves ? Who will come
and help us in that needy and promising field, and
hold up the Gospel banner among those perishing
idolaters when we fall ?
“ Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of
the Lord may have free course, and he glorified even
ns it is with you,”
In the service and patience and blessed hopes of
the Gospel, Yours sincerely,
R. G. Wilder.
Mew York, August 26 th, 1881.
TAKE CARE OF THE CHURCH.
One of the most venerable of American clergy
men, preaching on a late “Fast day” occasion,
exclaimed, “we have been a nation of boasters!”
The charge is true; so, therefore, is the convic
tion; the punishment we are no w reaping.
Yet are there some things amongst us in which
we may glory; not in a spirit of boastfulness, but
of gratitude, rather, to the Author of good. The
history of the American Church has reflected
Upou the land a glory which has far surpassed
that of our republican government, or the prowess
of our arms. Our religious position and progress
is the one thing of all others, in which we have
borne comparison with the older Christian nation
alities of the world. Our religious literature was,
for a long time, the only American literature
which commanded attention in Europe; our mis
sions abroad elevated us in tbe eyes of Christendom
much more than our embassies to foreign courts;
and our evangelical successes at home, filled the
Old World with a respect and an admiration,
which even the progress of Democratic institutions
failed to inspire.
Nor need this surprise us, when we reflect that
in the United States for years past, the children
churches of Great Britain have outstripped their
more venerable parents. The Baptist and Metho
dist communities of America, are giants in might
and progress compared with those denominations
in England, from which they emanated. Even the
Episcopal church of the United States numbers
more dioceses and prelates than the United
churches of Great Britain and Ireland. And as
to Presbyterianism, taking in the various branches
which cleave to our own faith and order, we far
outnumber the two great churches of Scotland,
and the Presbyterian church of Ireland. The
work of the church in this land has been blessed
beyond compare in the history of Christianity
since the death of the beloved disciple.
We have felt of late jealous for the honor and
glory of the American church. We have feared
for it, in this time of our national trial. We
have given no uncertain sound as to the righteous
defence of law and government. Shall we now
inform our readers that wo tremble for the interests
of Zion? We do tremble for the ark of the Lord
in this time of evil. For the thought of the peo
ple, the Christian people of our land, is swallowed
up by tbe country’s tribulation and danger, and
they are forgetting tbe church, its necessities and
its claims. The temper of the professing church,
seems to us to be that of .indifference to these
things: —Let us take care of the nation, the
church must take care of herself. We say that
both the one and the other must he cared for;
and that if Christian men and women will not
put forth their energies to sustain the church, the
world will not, and she will wither, and however
triumphantly the nation may rise above the present
struggle, its true glory will be eclipsed by the
feebleness which will result to the church.
We must build tbe walls of Zion as faithfully
as we wield the sword for the nation’s defence,
and we must do both contemporaneously. The
country, the government must not absorb all
energy and wealth of the land. The church must
share these; and the members of the churoh must
regard her as paramount, for God thus regards
her. Sacrifices must be made to keep up our
missions at borne and abroad; to disseminate
truth through the press as an antidote to the
trash and unchristian sentiment upon which the
secular press is feeding the public mind.
The ordinances of religion must be sustained in
tbeir fall vigor; that so, in the midst of our suf
ferings as a nation, the tone of the church may
become elevated, Christ-like. The nation never
needed as it does in this day, a self-denying, a
vigorous, a progressive, a pure Christianity.
EDITORIAL JOTTINGS.
Lotteries in Delaware—We have copied
from a cotemporary in another place, sonde ex
cellent remarks about lotteries, in which allu
sion is made to the position of Delaware on this
subject. The truth is, Delaware did gain a
most unenviable notoriety two or three winters
ago, by granting, through her legislature, to
men who had been barred by every other State
in the Union, the privilege of carrying on the
nefarious business of lottery-dealing within the
State during the next twenty years, for the sum
of $120,000, to be paid into tlie State Treasury
in semi-annual instalments of $lB,OOO each.
Failure to make any one of these payments
would be regarded as a non-fnlfilment of the
terms, and would result in a forfeiture of the
charter. Messrs. France & Co., the recipients
of this charter, recently succeeded, by due coarse
of law, in closing the only other firm in the
State, which was still proseenting the* busi
ness, though its charter had expired. Soon
after, the time for the semi-annual payment by
Messrs. France & Co. came around, but the mo
ney did not find its way into the State Trea
sury. The thirty days’ grace expired some time
in August, but the needed funds are not forth
coming. This, we believe, finally closes out
the last legalized lottery firm in the. United
States. A vast business, however, is still done
clandestinely.
“Whitewashing. By this homely term, alite
rary process which has becom’e very fashionable
of late, is indicated. It is the attempt of men
more chivalrous than conscientious, more fond
of startling than of instructing their readers, to
reverse the settled judgment of the public con
science upon characters and deeds notoriously
wrong. It is analogous to what lawyers term
“throwing dust”—gathering together special
considerations bearing but remotely on the case,
and interweaving them with plausible sugges
tions, while the great and perfectly conclusive
facts are studiously kept out of view, and treated
as non-existent. We say this process has become
fashionable of late. A certain leaning to it ap
peared in a life of the first Napoleon, which
adorned the pages of a popular monthly not
many years ago. The more liberal and philo
sophical Romanists of France, Germany, Italy,
and America, Lammenais, Goberti, DBllinger,
and Brownson, have been trying it, on a grand
scale, on the scarlet woman; bat the original
color is too deep, and it will adhere and show
through in no less a personage than the pope
himself. In this country the whitewashes have
been diligently employed on the institution of
slavery, and the most odious characters in oar
history have been selected to undergo the same
process. Tom Paine and Aaron Burr are reha
bilitated by bold,.acute and unscrupulous sensa
tion writers, and last of all, the religions cha
racter of Thomas Jefferson is defended, and he
is described as “a public professor of belief in
, the Christian religion.” We are indebted to
the New Englander for an exposure of the
gross disregard of truth involved in this claim
made by Jefferson’s biographer, Dr. Randall
gftcsi&iJijmfltt and <S»anpliot.
and backed up by the North American Review.
What Dr. Ilandall and the Review mean by
Christianity, what latitude of doctrine they in
tend it to cover, whether in fact they mean any
thing which could be specifically distinguished
from Parkerism, Mohammedanism, or Deism,
it is needless to inquire. Certain it is, that Mr.
Jefferson, in his private correspondence, cover
ing half a century of his life, denied the miracu
lous inspiration of Scripture, and spoke of
Moses, of the God of the Old Testament, of
the Apostles, and of Paul especially, with all
the profane boldness, and almost all the coarse
ness of Tom Paine. He made his own selection
of what he regarded as reliable in the New
Testament, the result comprising, as he says,
an octavo of forty-six pages. Even from parts
of this “result” he dissented. Christ was a
man who might conscientiously have thought
himself inspired. He hated John Calvin most
heartily, and in a burst of fanatical presump
tion called him an Atheist! We think Jeffer
son was as near the truth in this estimate of
Calvin, as his own defenders are in calling him
a Christian. For our part, we prefer the
"liheism of Calvin to the Christianity of Jef
ferson.
THE WORK OF GOD IN TROUBLOUS
TIMES.
Many heart* are faint at the prospect of a
suspension of the proper work of the Church,
and a denial of the Spirit’s influences in the pre
sent crisis. With the unwonted excitements of
the conflict, and the unchristian and demora
lizing tendencies of war generally, it is ex
pected the enemy will come in like a flood. In
the suspension of business, it is feared that the
Church, in many of its weaker members, will be
crippled, and that the stream of beneficence
needful to sustain onr evangelical enterprises
at home and abroad, will nearly run dry. These
fears are only too reasonable, and to some ex
tent are realized already. And it may possibly
be that we are about to enter upon a period of
unwonted barrenness and coldness—of inward
and outward calamity to the Church. When,
in the course of Providence, it becomes evident
that the obstacles to the progress of the divine
kingdom, created by wicked or mistaken men,
can only be removed by war, then possibly the
peculiar work of the Church pauses until the
obstacle is removed and the way is made straight
before her.
While the forerunner thus prepares the way,
Christ in his Church may remain in some sense
in a state of obscurity. Yet if Christ’s people
are wise to know the times, they will feel that
one part of their work, and a great part, as in
dicated by Providence, is to contribute all in
their power to remove the obstruction. We
have not the shadow of a doubt that the Church
will do the most effective work practicable for
her in these times, by joining heartily in a strug
gle to preserve the lawful authority and the
constitutional existence of this country as a field
for her untrammelled operations in the future.
We have not a doubt that the triumph of the
slaveholders’ rebellion would narrow her field
of influence and cripple her usefulness for gene
rations. Therefore she should give the emphatic
endorsements of her great Assemblies and coun
cils to the undertakings of onr rnlers. She
should encourage and stimulate the patriot by
her pulpit utterances ft»d~-berppay*rß4-_she
should send forth her own members with her
blessing to the tented field, and should freely
yield up her ministers to the arduous and peri
lous pastorate of the army. This she may do,
and should do, from a far-seeing regard to
the interests of Christ’s kingdom, not Jess than
from the simple impulses of patriotism.
Nor should we omit to observe, that important
scriptural truth is now receiving such illuiration
as must give it new impressiveness in the minds
of men. Never before had we Americans such
views of the value of God’s ordinance of civil go
vernment, or of the sacredne'ss of law, or of the
criminality of a causeless resistance to the prin
ciples of social order. Now is the time to in
scribe these truths deeply upon the public mind.
Now, too, the skilful preacher will learn to lay
home to the heart of the people that whole series
of truths and duties, which this rebellion only too
clearly shows that we Americans have, to a large
extent, practically ignored. Let 4be preacher
take this opportunity sternly to rebuke the lack
of family government in American homes, the dis
respect towards authority, and slackness of dis
cipline in oar church courts, the shrinking from
pronouncing and administering the penalties of
the law on the part of judicial and executive of
ficers, the disregard of solemn oaths, obligations
and contracts, in the ecclesiastical and commercial
relations of men, and the general weakening of
the great idea of authority, which seems to have
reached its lowest point in the unspeakable imbe
cility of the previous administration at Washing
ton. Let them labor to tone up a people too
prone to licentious excess in the use of their
liberties, to a wholesome regard for the restraints
of human and divine law. Let them incorporate,
in their theological teachings a bolder vindication
of the ways of God as a Sovereign, of his terror
as an offended Judge, of his sentence of everlast
ing punishment upon the final rejecters of his
grace. Let them insist upon the beinousness of
rebellion against his laws, and the flippancy and
criminality of those who, in dealing with the sin
ner, would cry peace! peace! when there is no
peace.
By these means we may promote the work of
God in troublous times, making use of the very in
fluences which threaten to distract and cripple us
in the work. And we, unquestionably, show a
great lack of practical wisdom if we allow our fears
for the church to unnerve and unman us, and thus
hide from our view the great and peculiar oppor
tunities of the times in which we live.
Nevertheless the Tegular work and onward spi
ritual movement of the church must be watched
and waited and prayed for, with the most tender
and zealous interest. All its regular exercises
must be most perseveringly sustained. All its
needs must be most faithfully provided for. AH
its organizations must be kept, so far as practi
cable, in vigorous existence. The Holy Spirit is
not bound in its operations by limits of war or
peace. Prices may go down, and the business
pursuits of men may decline, but prayer does not
lose its efficacy, nor the immortal part of man its
preciousness, in times like these. The exposure
of multitudes of our countrymen, unprepared, to
all the hazards of mortal conflict, can but add to
our anxiety for the immediate and abundant out
pouring of the Spirit. We must expect souk to
be awakened, convicted and saved. In the army
the church must find a new, and, in many re
spects, a promising home missionary field. Call
ing upon the God of the harvest she must put in
the sickle and reap. No mortal knows how long
this state of war may last. We are not warranted
in suspending our labors, prayers, contributions,
and hopes for the regular work and prosperity of
the 'church until peace returns. That may be de
ferred for many months. We may need extraor
dinary supplies of grace, and a great revival of
Christian principle, in order to sustain us in the
trials or to prompt us to the patriotic duties and
endurances which will be necessary before an
honorable peace is secured. Let us get the church
on a war footing. Let us have our vessel taut
and trim for the gjile, but by all means, let us
keep her on her coutse, and not suffer her to get
into the trough of the" sea.
For tbe American Presbyterian.
MISStOH SCHOOLS.
In the American Presbyterian of August
22d, a “Friend o the American Board” asks
certain questions i nggested by the statement, in
a previous numbei of the comparative expendi
ture of the Americ in Board and other American
Missionary societi :s in the department of edu
cation. So far a: these relate to the facts em
bodied in thestatf uent, I will cheerfully answer
them.
1. “Are not the statistics of the other Soci
eties mentioned, confessedly imperfect? And
are not a large proportion of the scholars they
report, in their higher institutions ?”
It is seldom thai .reports are absolutely per
fect. The reports pt the American Board cer
tainly compare we# with those of other
in respect to fulness and accuracy; but there
is no such difference, in this regard, in the re
ports consulted as ;o affect the conclusion. The
educational in the report of the Ame
rican Board are “confessedly imperfect.”
The second par of the above question was
answered in the original communication as fol
lows: ’ !i
“The reports oi some of these societies do
not enable us to determine with exactness the
comparative number of pupils in the different
grades of schools. It is ascertained, however,
that in the missions of, the Episcopal Board
more of the aggregate reported are in board
ing-schools, than], is the proportion in the
boarding-schools and higher seminaries of the
American Board, j The same is true of the Ge
neral Assembly’s Board, including schools in
the Indian for which aid is received
from the U. S. Government; bnt.in the missions
of that Board elsewhere, the proportion falls a
little >elow that, in similar missions of*the
American Board. The propqgjion is doubtless
smaller in other societies.”
2. “What is the number of scholars in the
schools of the London Missionary Society, the
Church, the Wesleyan, and other European
missionary Societies ?,”
A comparison with English and other Euro
pean societies was not proposed. There is
much difference between European and Ameri
can methods in missions. To make a general
comparison requires authorities which are not
at hand ; and to make it justly would demand
mneh labor. The English societies generally
include the colonies in their fields of labor.
Some of them reckon in Sabbath-schools with
other schools. Schools in Polynesia are in
cluded; whereas those in the Sandwich Islands
are now excluded from the statistical summa
ries of the American Board. It would take
much time and patience to make out the sta
tistics on the same basis; and there is no suffi
cient reason why I should undertake the task.
3. " How does sjfs (10j615) present number
uf “BeholarBi.;Mr schools of American
Board, compare with the number in the schools
of this same Boacd.ia past years?”
My first communication stated that it is small-,
er than it was in former years, though it is believed
that “the education in the missions under the
care of the Board, regarded as a whole, was
never so effective; in a missionary point of view,
never so valuable as at the present moment,”
The tract on missionary schools recently pub
lished, gives a “frank” account of the number
of pupils, and the character of the schools in
the several missions from the beginning, and the
reasons for the differences in the statistics of
different periods. It sums up under the head
of Common Schools, with the following state
ment: ,
“Taking a general view of common school
education in the missions, the highest number of
pupils was in the year 1832, when it was 60,000;
of whom 53,000 were in the Sandwich Islands,
and 5,500 in the Ceylon and Mahratta missions.
The' smallest number was in 1837,' when it was
12,000. The largest subsequent number was
29,830, and this was in 1846. At present there
are 18,000, including the free schools supported
by the Government of the Sandwich Islands.
The whole number connected with the common
schools from the beginning, is believed to have
exceeded two hundred thousand.”
For the satisfaction of yoor correspondent, I
will give the statistics of education, so far as
they can be ascertained, from the reports of
the American Board in the following years:
Pupils ex. of
Total Pupils. Sand. Is.
1830, “At least 50,000" 10,000
1835. : 21,181 8,428
1840, i ' 22,413 8,000
1845, j 29,197 10,949
1850, 22,465 11.232
1855, j 21,578 10,381
1860, 10,615
\ r
During this period of thirty years great
changes have place in the missions. Se
veral have been given up or transferred to other
bodies, and n&r ones have been established.
Some have had a large development; others
are conducted jo,a a smaller scale than formerly.
The history of the missions, and the reason for
changes made; need to be understood in order
to a just comprehension of the present as com
pared with the past in the educational opera
tions of the Board.
The comparison of the American Board with
other American societies shows conclusively
the facts which it was the single object of my
former communication to set forth, viz.: 1. That
the former has, as disclosed by of
1860, a larger number of pupils in the schools
of its missions, in proportion to its whole ex
penditure, than any other society, and seventy
nine per cent, more than the.six societies named,
when taken together. 2. That, examining the
character of the schools, it will be seen that it
is doing proportionally more in the educational
department than other American societies ge
nerally have been led to undertake in missions
beyond sea. “The changes which have been made
have resulted from no unfriendly feeling towards
schools, but from a desire to make them more
effective, and to secure a wise economy in the
administration of funds. Curtailments in this
branch of missionary operations, imposed by a
falling off in the income of the Board, are
deemed a calamity.” W.
The English Army, throughout the world, in
1860, numbered 228,854. The regular force main
tained in the British islands, this year, will be 146,-
000.
For the American Presbyterian.
LETTER FROM ST. LOUIS.
St. Louis, Mo., August 28,1861
Eds. of the American Presbyterian:—l
do not know whether you have a correspondent
here to keep your readers informed of passing
events at this most interesting period. Every
day brings something new, and yet you may have
the programme correctly given in the secular jour r
nals at the East.
Probably 30,000 troops —perhaps more, are now
here to maintain the Union. They are arriving
continually, and leaving for Jefferson City, Hol
la, Ironton, (Iron Mount,) Cape Girardeau, and
other points beyond. Every thing is under strict
surveillance. Some of the Ohio, Indiana, and Illi
nois Regiments' are fine bodies of men, well-drilled,
and furnished with every needed outfit. Those
along the banks are not yet so well
fitted out, but they will be soon. The lowa Re
giments are fine men, and acted quite a different
part in the Springfield fight from that ascribed
to the “ three months’ men” at Bull’s Run. The
wounded in that engagement (10th inst.) mostly
left for home 24th inst. with their
The “ cold water dressing” seems to act like a
charm in healing up flesh-wounds. This was all
they used. A few who were severely injured,
(bones or vital parts shot through) still • remain
here, but are most tenderly cared for. Gen.
Fremont visits them personally, and he is only
afraid that the. ladies and friends will kill them
with kindness. They have every delicacy—fruits,
&c., in too great abundance probably.
I was not prepared to see so great a population
of Germans as I find here. I have no statistics
at hand, but my impression is that well nigh two
thirds of the population are Germans. It niay,
in part, be owing to the large numbers of soldiers
of that race in town at present.
The “Creoles,” too, (descendants of the old
French and Romish race) are more numerous
than I had ever supposed they were. Their thin
lips, jet black hair, small features and statures,
generally mark them; and from the number of
women of this description, whom one. meets in
the streets, they must make almost one-third the
population. This leaves but a small fraction for
the cute Yankees, the substantial Pennsylvanians,
lordly Virginians, Kentuckians, &e., most of which
latter classes are absent just now. The Creole po
pulation, too, are wofuljy “secessionist.” The
Germans, and almost all the Eastern people are
loyal. Bat one cannot resist the conviction that
a'large part of the people here do not warmly
sympathize with the nation. Closed houses and
stores innumerable “to rent,” attest this; the
cold looks— wm-chaMnce —one observes, attest it;
absence of cordiality attest it. Yesterday, as Gen.
Lyon’s remains were borne through the city, thou
sands it is true, turned out to witness the solemn
funeral pomp of the military; and much feeling
was evinced. Much was also not evinced; great
lack of feeling, as you at the East would think,
and even joy was exhibited. No flags, except
the few ordinarily seen, were at half-mast. No
pent up signs of sorrow were manifested. A few
moments before, and a few moments after the pro
cession passed, all things went on as usual.
The city is now under martial law, whieh is
kindly and firmly administered, and conduces
very greatly to the public peace and welfare.
The past few days all the liquor-shops, high
and low, have been closed in terrorem, to keep
the soldiers from getting drink, which was work
ing-great mischief.
Gen. Fremont is intensely busy in the mani
fold duties of bis command. Although he has
an abundance of the ablest assistants, every
thing must come under his own approval. But
the crowd cannot get at him. “All the people,
from morning unto evening, stand by ” the ur
bane and genial Captain J. C. Woods, his Se
cretary, who is perfectly acceptable, and does
the honors at “ Head Quarters.” He was for
years the popular head of Adams & Co’s, esta
blishment in California, and seems to know
every one; calls them all by name and title, and
has a kind word, most appropriate, for each in
turn.
The churches are thinly attended, and it
pained me last Sabbath not to hear a single
petition for the President, and none for the
rulers, or the nation, except in terms equally
applicable to the state of affairs in South Caro
lina, as to that in Missouri.
In the various military encampments in and
around this growing city and county, the case
was quite different. Fervent and repeated pe
titions, by faithful chaplains, pious officers, and
devout soldiers, were heard at public worship
and iu private circles. Ho doubt many Chris
tians here pray for the President of the United
States, and for all joined with him in council,
and for the peace, and preservation, and the
prosperity of this nnion; but the absence of
such prayers last Sabbath was noticed by more
than one who worshipped in the city congrega
tions. Do you ever at the East omit praying
in express terms for these great and import
ant topics, especially at this time ? They always
should be remembered as of old. * *
For the American Presbyterian.
LETTER FROM MT. LEBANON.
Bhamdun, Mount Lebanon, July 20th, 1861.
Dear Editor: —The plaintive voice of our
Syrian Trumpets for patriotism seems to have
perished'in, the more earnest tones of our national
conflict, to sustain the best Government of any
people in the world. Though itshould coat millions
of men and money, I believe it is the* sovereign
will of Omnipotence, that our beloved Government
and our Union shall be most triumphantly sus
tained and transmitted to the generations of our
fellow countrymen, in the ages to come. It is
better, Sir, that you and I, and' all our colleagues
in the ministry, and church of God, who are citi
zens of the United States of-America, should leave
our official robes, and buckle on the armor, and
pray and fight, and fight and pray, for our Go
vernment, and for the supremacy of the Constitu
tion and laws of the United States, than to outlive
the life and honor of our country. We have
something now better than life. In a great in
surrection, such as I have witnessed in this goodly
mountain, and such as we now witness in our
sunny South, methihks that even war in defence
of Governmental Authority, is better than a thou
sand lives to every loyal citizen.
In subordination to that authority, I acknow
ledge that my sympathies are for all sections" of our
country, from the lakes to the gulf of Mexico,
and from Atlantic, to the Pacific ocean. I thank
God that we have a President, and Cabinet, and
Congress, in whom we can safely confide. I thank
God for our venerable Commander-in-Chief, Gene
ral Scott, and for bis salutary and pacific counsels,
-to retake our posts at Harper's Ferry, Fort Sump
ter, and in all other locations, so far as possible,
by the moral force of mere numbers. To this ir
resistible policy, my heart responds, Amen. Ex
pend 200,000,000 of dollars, but spare the pre
cious life of every citizen soldier. Nor have I
ever seen in all history, a nobler exhibition of con
solidated power in the people themselves, than
the present attitude and determination of our
great government to quell this most formidable
insurrection of misdirected States, against the so
vereignty of the American people. Heaven pro
tect, and prosper, and perpetuate our Union, and
Liberty forever, and the individual and national
happiness and prosperity of all loyal citizens, and
restore the misguided friends of slavery and Se
cession, from their fatal appeal to arms, and faci
litate the immediate reconstruction of all the,
United States, in perpetual loyalty, an 4 patriotism.
Purified from such a trial, I trust our national
destiny is Heaven’s high calling, to send forth
the chosen and faithful missionaries of the ' Cross,
for the promised conversion of our revolted world
to God.
The affairs of Mount Lebanon and Syria, are
very tranquil. Ten days ago, the people off the
mountain were summoned to convene on the
plain near Beirut, and receive their new governor,
and hear the new constitution of seventeen arti
cles, for the retranquillization of Mount Lebanon.
And the same day, the Governor elect, Davud Pa
sha, left, to come up to his Capital, in Deir-el-
Komr. The whole mountain is divided ; into six
districts, with a deputy governor for each, and
1500 men are to be enrolled as soldiers; from the
different communities, for the maintenance of law
and order. Certainly the Christians ought to be
thankful to God for so favorable an issue from
the late insurrection. Brethren, pray for Mount
Lebanon, and for the blessing of God upon its
Christian Government, and for the conversion of
the Druses to Christianity.
Our missionary affairs are still in much sus
pense. Our Seminaries are closed, and our pri
mary schools in this district, and in some other
districts are all disbanded. Hundreds and thou
sands of little children around us, are left to pe
rish in their heathenism, while hundreds of thou
sands, not to say millions of dollars are expended
for war between our fellow-countrymen, and their
enemies. Alas, for humanity and religion!
Heaven alone can tell when, as a nation, we shall
have learned our duty towards the heathen world.
The convention of last week, to inaugurate the
new Governor of Lebanon, was composed of per
haps 2000 Christians, and 200 Druses. After the
proclamation was read, the Christians said one to
another, “This order of the Government, we will
not accept; oppose it, we will aid you.” Contra
riwise the Druses regarded as Satans in that con
vention, said, “The order of our Government and
of Europe we accept, obedient to their will.”
And, when our Christian friends from Bhamdun
were understood to agree with, the latter, the for
mer classed them as Druses, of whom perhaps I
was Chief. As a Druse Chief, therefore, permit
me to entreat from my beloved*countrymen fervent
and effectual prayer to God, for this interesting
people, that they may be saved.
I remain in Christian love, ever yours, frater-
William A. Benton.
DEATH OF MBS. DULLES.
"We are grieved to learn that the wife of our
ministerial friend and brother, Bev. John W.
Dulles, formerly editor of this paper, and now
Secretary of the Committee of Publication, de
parted this life on Sabbath last, the Ist of Sep
tember,_at the eiriyage Of thirty-three. She
was the daughter of Myron Winslow, D: D' the
veteran missionary at Madras. Her loss will
be deeply felt by her bereaved husband and
family, who have our warm' sympathy in their
sorrow.
EDITOR’S TABLE.
From Harper & Brothers, we have received
Comoro's Latin Accidence, a text-book for
beginners in the study of the Latin tongue. It is
designed to be introductory to “ M'Clintock's First
Book in Latin.” It claims to have the following
advantages. It groups together all that relates
to each part of speech; it furnishes more para
digms than any other grammar; it appends ques
tions to each section; it gives only those .parts :of
the etymology absolutely necessary ,to ; be learned
by heart; it contains illustrative reading lessons,
■with the appropriate rules of syntax, a. summary
of syntax, and a complete vocabulary. It appears
to be a scholarly work, and worthy the attention
of teachers. For a primary work it might, have
been, douched in simpler style; for students 12
years old and upwards it is well adapted. The
author is Professor of Latin and Greek; in -the
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.
12rrio. pp. 347.
Professor Faraday has proved himself a
true friend of the children, by his Six Lectures
on the Chemical History of a Candle, re
published by Messrs. Harper & Brothers.- A
great deal of philosophy is involved in so simple
a process as the burning of a .candle, and the
learned professor has very clearly and-attractively
developed it, to the comprehension of youthful in
quirers after this sort of knowledge. We com
mend it cordially to our youthful readers. The
illustrations,are abundant, and answer, to a conside
rable extent, the ends of experiments where these
cannot be had. 16mo. pp. 223.
The House on the Moor, is a tale of Scottish
life, by the gifted and successful author of " Mar
garet Maitland,” and other works of fiction, -which
cannot but add to the reputation already acquired
by the author. The conceptions are original; fresh
and striking, the characters well -sustained, the
story interesting, and the impression niade, health- 1
ful and profitable. 12mo. pp. 405; published by
Harper & Brother.
Life and Adventure in the South Pacific
is an eminently readable and enjoyable volume.
The “ Roving printer,” who wrote it, is as much
at home as any old salt, amid the scenes he de
scribes. The descriptions of adventures -in whale
fishery are vivid and animated; there’is : a fine
moral tone not thrust forward at all, but pervading
the narrative. The services and self-denial of
our missionaries among the remote islands of the
Pacific, are honorably acknowledged. A feature of
the volume is the profusion of good illustrations
which it contains. 12mo. pp. 261. Harper &
Brothers, publishers.
m The above works are for sale at J. B. Lippin
cott and Co’s., in this city.
The North British Be view for August
contains The British Universities —Montalenibert
—British Columbia—Stan ley’s Eastern Churches
—Edwin of Deira, (a favorable notice) —Scottish
Geology—Freedom of Beligious Opinion (answer
to the Edinburgh Beview’s defence of the he
retical Essayists)—Marriage and -Divorce; Eng
lish and Scottish Law—Du Chaillu’s Explorations
(favorable with unimportant disclaimers,) Mr.
Buckle on the Civilization of Scotland, (freely
conceding the merit of orginality and boldness of
conception in the author, but unsparingly flis
- his grave errors in regard to the character
of the Scottish Theologians.) • ' ' .
The National Preacher ‘for September,
contains Sermons on The True Estimate of Man,
by S. D. Phelps, D. D. Confounding right and
wrong, by Rev. S. G. Buckingham. The Be
liever s Joyful Love to an unseen Saviour, by N.
C. Locke, D. D.
Messrs. T. B. Peterson & Bro , have sent
us the illustrated Edition of Dickens’ new. and
very remarkabje story “ Great ExPEbTArioNS.”
The moral of this story is identical with that of
the Preacher. The Great Expectations are founded
upon and explode like a bubble in Bur-
indignation and shame; while a life of sim
ple and unlettered honesty, and eoDtentmentruns
like an undertone through the story, bringing out
a sharp and -wholesome contrast at the end. The
illustrations generally well exhibit the spirit of
the tale and greatly recommend it.
FOREIGN ITEMS.
-There are some striking facts brought to light by
the census of 1861 in reference to the state of things
in Ireland. In 1841 the population of the four
Provinces was 8,176,124. In 1861 it was 5,784,543,
giving a decrease of 2,390,581. In 1834 the returns
to Parliament showed that in round numbers there
were 6,500,000 Roman Catholics, about 800,000 mem
bers of the Church of England, aDd abont the same
number belonging to other religious sects. In the
census of 1861, 4,490,583 are set down as Roman
Catholics, 678,661 as Episcopalians, and 695,299 as
Presbyterians and other religionists—-showing that
therh are now about ikree-and-u-half times as many
Roman Catholics as Protestants in Ireland, and that
they stand to the members of the Episcopal Church
(which is the Established Church) in the proportion
of seven to one. At this state of. things, especially
in reference to the Established Church, Romanists
are jubilant, and they significantly ask—“ Ought
seven-eighths of a people to be taxed and plundered to
support the religion of one-eighth ?” Surely, Ireland
presents a large field for evangelical labor.
One can scarcely fail to be surprised at the rapid
increase of the instrumentalities for the evangeliza
tion and enlightenment of Italy. Recently a new
periodical'has been started in Genoa, written in Ita
lian, and setting forth much literary and evangelical
matter of an attractive and most valuable character.
It is being widely read, and its influence is good,
A ..of things is developing itself
among ihejfigflsgf In Warsaw they have
commenced the publication,of itt weekly newspaper,
called The Dawn, in view of their brightening pros
pects; A circular letter has been addressed hy the
Catholic .Archbishop to his clergy throughout Po
land, urging them to inculcate principles of tolera
tion and good will on the part of their people towards
the Jews. TMb is'certainly a great change, when
Rome % sense; kind to.the- Jews. - As if,
however, to counterbalance this in some degree, and
keep this people mindful of their dependent state,
General Souchojirnel has given orders that unless
the singing of the national hymn is stopped in the
synagogues, he will have them all closed.
Few can realize the Expensiveness of a Chukcb
Establishment, if that-of England is to he, in any
sense, the model; In a letter to the Independent,
Rev. Dr. Patton says There arc twenty-eight bi-
Bhops, generally called Lord Bishops, who have grand
palaces and a splendid retinue. OF these one is 83
years old, one 80, nine over 70, ten over 60, and the
youngest 43; The annual cost of these twenty-eight
bishops is one hundred and fifty-five thousand pounds,
or about seven hundred and seventy-five thousand
dollars. The income Of the Archbishop of Canter
bury is fifteen, thousand pounds, or seventy-five
thousand dollars.. , That of York and London, each,
ten thousand pounds, dr fifty thousand dollars. Win
chester has /ten thousand five hundred pounds, or
fifty-two thousand, five hundred dollars. Durham
has eight thousand pounds, or forty thousand dollars.
Ely has five thousand five hundred pounds, or twenty
seven thousand'five hundred dollars. Seven others
have five thousand pounds, or twenty-five thousand
dollars each. Eight have four thousand five hundred
pounds, or twenty-two thousand five hundred dollars
each. Three have four thousand two hundred pounds,
or twentyrone thousand'dollars each. Two have four
thousand p'ouDds, or twenty thousand dollars each.
One has two thousand seven-hundred , pounds, or
thirteen, thousand five hundred dollars; and one has
two thousand pounds, or ten thousand dollars. The
average of the income of the twenty-eight is five
thousand, five hundred anji thirty-five pounds, or
twenty-seven thousand six hundred and seventy-five
dollars each.' f THere id another item to be added to
this account. iThepalaces of the bishops must he
kept in order, or must be enlarged or altered to suit
the taste or convenience of the incumbents. The
Ecclesiastical Commission have recently expended
on.only seven of their Bishpps’ palaces one hundred
and thirty-nine thousand one hundred and twenty
three pounds,'or Bix hundred and ninety-five thousand
six hundred and fifteen dollars."
A good deal of attention is just now being paid in
France to the subject of Public Education., Some
time ago the Government proposed a series of ques
tions to the schoolmasters throughout the country,
as to the best means of improving the elementary
schools, and promised a.prize to the best answer. -No
less than six thousand papers have been sent in in
reply—-evincing .that there is aAeeplnterest in the
.subject. . Just at this time, also, a hook is having a
wide circulation and exciting mnch attention, enti
tled, "The Great Question Taken up by the Small
End, which is the Right One." In thiß hook the
children of France are. represented as addressing the
Imperial Prince, who is still a child, and asking him
•to free them from the heavy yoke which Romanism
lays upon their .minds, their feelings, and their
Christianity. Will you be brought up, they say,
like ourselves, for the Pope, according to what he has
substituted', fori .the Gospel, by a clerical body, and
by monks anti-French, who acknowledge only the
Pope and his whims, having none but the Pope for
tbeir family, and the Vatican fori their home and
country? Or will you be educated, as we are not,
for Jesus Christ, according to. his gospel, and, conse
quently, by laymen?
Rome idea may he had Of the extent and expense
of .the means of internal communication iu Great
Britain from the following facte. Since the year
1831 there have been laid down within its bounds
ten thousand miles of railway, at a cost of §1.650.-
000.000. _ In the same time there have been laid as
many miles of telegraph, with fifty thousand miles
of communicating Wire.
The Wald'ensian Synod haslately had its annual
meeting. It-was at La Tour, and. was of an interest
ing character. The Synod has sixteen churches un
der its care, and its membership at the late meeting
was composed of all the ordained ministers—whether
Pastors; Professors,-or Missionaries—and two Elders
from each of the churches. There were also present
Rev. Messrs. Stuart and Young, from Leghorn; Mur
doch, from- Nice; McDougall, from Florence; Yioiu,
of Genoa, a.nd,delegates from Switzerland, England,
and France.. ' Some idea may be bad of the enter
prise and liberality of this noble people from the
fact that the receipts for the previous year for sala
ries of Pastors, Professors, Schools, Building, Orphan
Asylum, Hospital, &e., were 133.000 francs, {nearly
$28,000;,) and for' colportage and missionary work,
83,457 francs, (nearly §16.500.) These amounts
from onlysixteen churches,and these churches made
up largely of the poor of this world, show a spirit
worthy of all’ praise.
We have taken pleasure in calling attention to the
changes occurring in TuitKEY in connexion with the
entrance of the hew Sultan upon the administration
of affairs. The following in a letter from Constanti
nople in the Journal de Framcfort, is marked and
significant. It says—“ The new Sultan appears de
termined never to have but one wife. A tew da«
since the Valide Sultana, agreeably to old tradition,
purchased a young slave, the most beautiful that
could he found in the capital. She dressed her out
in jewels and the richest clothing, and offered her to
her son. ‘Who is that woman?’ demanded Abdnl-
Aziz. . ‘The slave whom, according to custom, I off*
yon on your accession to the throne,’ was the reply
‘l have nothing to say to her,’ replied the Sultan;
‘have I not a wife whom I love? Let me hear n®
more of such customs and such presents.’ ”
While the enemies of public morals are active in
making every effort in their power to weaken the
hold-of the Sabbath upon the public heart, it is cheer
ing to see that there are those who nobly resist every
invasion of ira sanctity, . At the half-yearly meeting
of the shareholders of the London and Brighton
Railway, a motion was made by a Captain Young to
authorize Sabbath running of the trains. Of all.
however, who were, present, he found only six sup
porters to his motion—and, of course, it signally
failed. ; . ’
The Emigration from Ireland to the United States
has been for many years a marked feature of the
During the last year, however, it greatly
fell off—-only twenty-one thousand five hundred and
ninety-six thus emigrating. At present, it has al
most entirely ceased, and, in many instances, persons
are found returning to their native land. The amount
of money sent from America by this class of persons
in 1860 to" Ireland, was very large—being two mil
lion eight hundred and ninety-four thousand sis
hundred and sixty dollars.
, Mr. Mayer, of Liverpool; the well-known n
quary.and collector of Biblical manuscripts, isji
ported to have recently made an extraordinary dis
covery. It is said that having succeeded in deci
phering the contents of one of his rolls of
he has discovered that it contains the Gospel of -- ! ;
.Matthew, and was written by the Deacon Nm*® 13 ’
in the fifteenth year of the Christian era. The pni’L
rus actually passed through the hands of St.
thew. Besides supplying two lost verses, u
nishes several passages that render quite clear sc lll
of the .most obscure verses in that gospel. 311 * '
on e of the most important addition* r
Biblical antiquities that has ever been made. * 1
P?Py raa Is on the point of being published. - *
Mayer can, of course, only give the manuscript
be acquired it, with his elucidation of its coat® 0 j*
The announcement is too startling to be wdho
'suspicion in these days of literary forgery.
Sept. 5,