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GENESEE EVANGELIST.—WhoIe No. 786.
KENTUCKY IN THE PRESBYTERIAN
GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
EDM. AMERICAN PREBBYTERIAN.GentIemenI
send herewith a few lines suggested by the peculiar
position of the Presbyterians of Kentucky at this
time. I hope you wilt find room for them. I have
been urged to send them to the -, but would
prefer to see them start from your columns.
Yours, very , truly,
Land of dead and living CLAY,
Spurn the demagogues away,
Take a nobler stand this day— '
Thine are Boas and BLACKBURN tool
These were not of idle state,
They were good, and therefore great,
Nark them in this, hour of fate,
Let them marshall thee aright.
Shall the laurels thou haat worn,
By this blast from bell be torn,
Thou, Virginia's eldest born,'
Think of Sham and Japheth true!
Thine the mingled love and shame,
Present from the past must claim;
Cast the mantle of thy fame,
On thy fallen parent nowt
Banker Bill is still thine own,
Vernon's dead wilt than disown?
Thou must bear this cross alone,
But the crown is also thine I
South or North, from East or West,
Angry taunts but reach thy breast;
Look above! there's hope and rest;
Gang to God and Liberty I
600001104554t5.
For the American Presbyterian.
HOW TO ENJOY LIFE -OR PHYSICAL
AND MENTAL HYGIENE.
ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS - CHAPTER XII.
BY WM. M. CORNELL, M. D.
Oil Glands and Fat--Description of the Oil
Glands— Uses of the Oil—Black patches on the
Skin—Pimples on the face—Excess of iniporta
tion—Animakules. in the Skin— General . de
scription of- Fat, and its use in the animal
economy—Supplies warmth to the system— , How
to grow fat—Cause of diseased livers—Efeet
of breathing pure oxygen. •
We have formerly spoken pretty fully of the
skin. But it yet remains to refer to some of its
appendages. This chapter will be devoted to the
oil-glands and tubes of the skin, and to the , use
of fat in the animal economy. These oil-glands
and tubes resemblci those of the perspiratory sys
tem, already described. These tubes extend
through the scarf-skin and the true-skin, and ter
minate in little glands, and are often connected
with little bags of fat under the true skin. They
are formed in the same manner, and of the same
material as the perspiratory tubes, (Bee "How to
Enjoy Life," page 195,) only they are straighter,
and of a greater diameter. They are absent in
some parts of the body, as i,n the palms, of the
bands and soles of the feet. How wonderfully
is the wisdom of the Creator seen in this feet; for
what possible good could oil do in the palms of
the hands, but to grease every thing tenohedf
while on the face, nose, head, and ears, they are
very abundant. Undoubtedly, their .design is to
protect these parts from injury. In the eye-lid,
they have great. beauty. In the ear-passages,
they elaborate the wax, which is very useful, when
DOE allowed to become too abundant. Upon the
scalp, these little oil-glands present small clusters,
like grapes. This unctuous fluid may well be
called "nature's pomatum."
The formation of this "pornatum" is very cu
rious. It is produced much in the same way as
the scarf skin is formed, differing in the nature
of the fluid only. In the scarf-skin, it is mostly
water.ln the oil-tubes and glands, mixed with
the water, we find this oily substance, which,
when the cells overflow, is poured out,upon the
surface.
When the skin is kept healthy, as has been
formerly pointed out, this unctuous matter is cast
off in the form of small scales, and expelled from
the tubes in connexion with their fluid contents.
But when the skin is neglected; or, when many
live near together, as in cities, or lead sedentary
lives, or neglect the means necessary to preserve
their general health, or think intensely, but neg
lect physical exercise, the contents are thrown
out'in a mass upon the surface, and form black,
or dark patches, sometimes called mould, upon
the skin, The practised eye of the physician, in
the treatment of these spots, knows their origin
in a moment. He knows l there has been great
neglect of the physical man—that the liver, the
skin, yea, all the excretory organs of the body
have been shockingly neglected; and he can say
to his patient, as Du. ABERNETHY did to the cor
'Mint merchant : " Are you not au importer?"
"Yes, but what has that to do with my obesity?"
"Did you ever know an excess of importation,"
said the wily Scotch Doctor, "when - there was
not a glut in the market?" This revealed to him
the origin of his trouble. He had imported more
than he had exported. The remedy was 'clear—
import less, export more.
Sometimes the contents of these cells are too
great even for the above course, and instead of
forming dark patches upon the skin, they collect
in the tube of the gland and extend it enormously,
and the Doctor is sent for to remove the difficulty.
Hundreds of young men, who, while growing,
required the amount of food which they , took,
continue the same amount after they have ceased
to grow, and, as a consequence, have their faces
all covered over with pimples and black spots,
like little worms, which they squeeze out, and
many suppose they are really grubs, while in
fact, they are only the little candles run, and im
pacted' in 'these tubes, which they have turned
into moulds. Sometimes the skin is so much
neglected that animaonles, or small animals, form
In it, These-were discovered first by Dr. Simon,
German physician, in 1,842. He denominated
them "the living inhabitants of the oil-tubes of
the skin." These animalcules are not found when
the skin is healthy. But in the majority of man
kind, especially those who dwell' in large oities
and pursue in-door occupations, the akin is tor-
Pill. It, is more than probable, as an English
reviewer long since said, that "the delicately nice
er eature ) who can scarcely set foot upon the
ground, and who shudders lest the pertinacious
ileggar, covered with filth and rags, that approaches
h " for a penny, should
,touch her, carries in her
person a more gregarious herd than , the ," small
deer" that nestle in his matted and ; tattered
garments."
It is true, these animalcules cannot be seen with
•
the naked eye. But with the large and highly
magnifying microscope they are clearly visible
and measurable. They have been found to be '+a
quarter of a line in length; forty•ftve of them,
placed Fend to end, would make an inch.
form, they resemble caterpillars, They lutve a
distinct head, feelers, a chest, four pairs of legs,
and a long tail. Their bodies are transparent,
rand their heads are alaidy - s directed inward's.
Verily, gf there are more things in heaven and
earth, (and in some bodies,) than are dreamed of
in some nien"s philosophy." .
When formerly, we spoke of the skin, and at
length ; of, the means of purifying it add keeping
it in a healthy condition, these facts were all before
our mind. 4 4 We*speak that we, know, and testify
that we have seen," and yet, we fear, many will
not profit , by "our testimony!' Do you say,
"Don't tell us such horrible tales; you make us
shudder at ourselves?' 4 1* wish-I could make many
shudder more •at -themselves, and less at" water.
A man came home from California, to see a phy
sician fora disease of the skin, which arose wholly
from the want of soap and water. A: man once
said to 'a physician, "All this talk, about bathing•
and scrubbing the body* is all folly. I never
bathed ten times in my life, and was aever sick?'
Though' this man 'inherited a constitution with
which he ought to have Hied a hundred, yet he
died .of Paralysis before he had seen fifty years.,
,Nature always has some design to_answer by
all her works. What, then, was the design of
this unctuous fluid in the human body, and what
use does fat answer in the animal economy? As
we have so much to do with itr and as fat men are
so anxious to get rid of - it, and lean .ones to get
it, these questions deserve an answer.
Fat, then, in the hUman body answers all the
purposes, and more, that oil does in machinery.
Does it make, that run smoothly, and prettenkfria
don, and aid in keeping -it- bright -and shining?
It does more in the body. It protects the
, skin
from abiasions. It oils the curves and flexures
of the joints. The fat infant has few excoriations
and sores from lying still.
'This unctuous fluid, throtigh the inediuM of the
oil-glands, removes noxious particles from the
blood. In the eyelid, it confines the tears-and
moisture of the, eye within the lids; and defends
'the skin from the irritation of these "sale team."
In the ear, it renders the drum moist, and keeps
out insects, so that they would be au unwilling to
go in, as you.would tothave them.
Having spin of the oil-glands and their pe
culiar functions, it will now be appropriate to
close this chapter with a general description of
fat, and ita t use in the animateconeray.
Fat is formed in the cellular tissue of animals.
It is this tissue which enlarges so , enormously in
some men as to make them twice and thrice their'
original size. The . sensible 'properties of pure fat
are tasteless and °dories& This substance,. a&seeh
in the - infant-aviitia'ithittla t plii&l, feilaiffliffer
'cut; In the' former it Colorless *and without
odor. In: the. latter it is etrong, yellow, and firm.
Between the cells, of the adipose tissue, - there is
a net-work:blood-vessels; which furnish fat
and water for the cells to' secrete. Fit is not
confined to animals. It is also found in vegeta
bles,-such as grain, seeds, and fruits. Thus, in
one hundred poundat of Indian corn, or maize,
there are nine pounds of fat. one hundred
pounds of, dried . hay, there are two pounds of fat.
Nature resorts to fat in , the animal economy to
get caloric or heat. Both light and heat, have
been usually gathered from fat or 'oil. Common
fat contains seventy-seven parts of carbon, eleven
of hydrogen, and ten of oxygen. In the combina
tion of fat, the carbon is converted into carbonic
acid, and the hydrogen into water. Thus a great
amount of heat is set free or evolved.. If we
admit a small amount of air, only; to' the lamp,
the hydrogen burns away and leaves the carbon,
and we have a smoking lamp.
A curious question has long perplexed physio
logists, to wit—What is the 'origin of fat in the
human system ? Some have supposed 'it to be
formed wholly from the vegetablestaken into the
system, while others think it is positively made
in the animal organism. In favor of the former
proposition it is said, we find it in vegetable sub
stances, and can extract it from them; and in be
half of the latter it has been discovered that the
fatty matter in geese, and other animals fed upon
corn, has been found to be more than twice as
much as could be gathered from the corn alone. I
This would seem to prove that there is an appa
ratus in the animal economy for elaborating fat.
How may people grow fat? This is a ques
tion which many would be pleased to have an
swered. The accumulation of this adipose sub
stanceis modified by the three following items :
respiration, temperature, and rest. If we breathe
fast, we can never be fat; if we are cold, we can
never be fat; and unless we have sleep, we can
never be fat. Hence, the characteristics of all fat
persons are, to breathe slowly, eat much, and sleep
194. Or, as we said' in a former chapter, to fatten
a , goose, cram it with Indian meal, tie its wings,
and put it in the chimney corner. The same
process will fatten a human gooses .We may here
see the physiological reason of di'sea'sed livers in
hot climates.. The chief function of the liver is
tolecrete, a fatty substance, , known by the name
of bile. The principal ingredients of the bile are
carbon; hydrogen, and sulphur. These are all
combustible. In health, these combustible mate
rials are all passed Off by the process of respira
tion. But when that is impeded in any way, and
these'combustible materials are not thus_ burnt
up, by a reflex action they are thrown back upon,
and disease the liver. Hence, the livers of per
sons in hot climates, and even in our own, in a
very hot summer, become diseased, because we
eat, lie still, and breathe but little well' oxygen
ated air, and have but little radiation or evapo
ration. •
The effect of breathing pure oxygen is ;to use
up the animal machine too fast. Soon after
oxygen was discovered, it was breathed as a re
medy, and the result *as, the inspiratory were
buoyant, high-spirited, and died laughing for joy.
Art has discovered, holt/fever, how more of this
vitalizing principle can he mingled with what we
breathe than is often found in the, natural atmos
phere, and hence, inhalations of medicinal mate
rials are often. setikeable in diseased lungs.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE 'PRESBY
TERIAN , CH,IIRCH , (NEW SCHOOL.)
NINTH DAY...-13A.TURDA'r--HAT 25-AFTERNOON
SESSION.'
Syracuse, May 26th, 1861.
Aftei prayer, the Assembly took up the Re
cords of Synods, all of which; with the exception
~of three,,ou which reports were not submitted,
were approved.
were approved.
Report of the Cotirnittee . on Pablication
- lei next taken
. up, and - 'after a little discussion
was'adopte`; the portion relating to the approval
of works' by a; portiere of the Publishing Commit
tee being ftrickentout. •
report concerning Ingham University was
presented and adopted. Dr. Cos returned his
thanks for this action.
Messrs. it W. Benedict, W:E. Dodge.and W.
R. Griffith were elected by ballot Triistees of Ahe
Church Erection Fund. , .
litDAr OIL FASTING AND PRAYER APPOINTED
Dr. Cox •moved thet if be 'recommended by
tbis Assembly that a day of Fasting . and , prayer
be observed for the nation in its present condition
of civil war. •
The reSoltitien was adopted, and Friday,_ the
28th day of June,. was appointed.
The Assembly then adjourned, with ,prayer by
the Noderator. ; •
TENTH DAY;—"AIONDAY--"MtoRNING.
After passing . 'a half Your in devotional ‘ser
-vices, the Assembly - at 9i O'clools resumed busi.
ness.
An invitation was, resented the Assembly
from Mrs. I. S. Spencer, to meet at. her honse
this evening at 8 o'clock.
Cox moved the' aceptahce of the invitation,
and spoke in the.highestterms indebtedness
of the Assembly to Judge Spencer for the ar
rangements, made for the entertainment of its
members.
,
Dr. Canfield asked. penniSsion to say that if any
merit bad been ascribed to ;'him as one of the
cotOtuT
tee of arrangements, it was all due to his
having associated Judge Spencer with himself
upon it. .
The invitation was unanimously accepted,and
the clerk instrueted to express the thanks Of the
4ssgmb.l.Yl t -
An overture' from the Committee on Bills and
Overtures was presented, recommending the-ap
pointment of a special committee to consider the
best method of securing systematic contributions
from the churches, and report to the next Atscm
bly. After some slight' amendments the report was
- adopted, and it was voted to make , the committee
consist of five.
Reports from. Theolamina Seminaries were pre
sen
Dr. read a report concerning Lane Semi
nary,. and the Moderator concerning Auburn The
ological Seminary. Brief statements- were also
.made concerning Blackbern Seminary, at Carlin
vine,' 111., by Dr.*Millsand Lind Theological Se
:
winery, Lake Forest, 111., by Rev. Y. Hickey.
The Moderator appointed Rev. Drs. Kendall,
`Thompson, Darling, Spear and Rev. Charles Haw
ley the Commiitee to recommend to the Assent
hly.a plan of Systematic Collections.
The report on Home Missions was then taken
up, under Judge Allison's motion to postpone
the report of the special committee, to substitute
Rev. Mr. Iliekey's paper for it.
Re*. Glen'Wood continued,bis remarks, which
'were interrupted ma saturdaiby the hour of ad
journment arriving:
his opinion WeSter,n men little appreciate the
difficulty of Collecting - funds. A -hundred thou
,-
sand dollara will probably be needed the coming
year, and the receipts of the last. year had been
only "thirty rthousand. Without full confidence
in the Committee managing the , funds little could
be raised.
Rev. Mr. 110V6y moved that the discussion be
arrested at a quarter to twelve o'clock, and that
all speeches be limited to five .niinutes.
A number of-speeches followed. -
Rev.' Messrs. Gray, Towler, Jones,-Wood and
Rice spoke in favor of the report as originally pre
,
seated by the committee. ,
Rev. Messrs. Johnsen and Trowbridge favored
the paper presented by 'Mr. Hickey.
Drs. Mills and Lambert Made explanations con
periling the action both: of the original and special
committee, and Mr. Robinson of Missouri ex.
pressed fear that the plan litely to be adopted by
the Aisembly would tact unfavorably on Churches
in that section which favor this Assembly.
The time , for taking the vote having arrived,
Judge Allison's motion to postpone the report of
the Special Committee was put, and did , not pre
vail.- The report being then taken up, was
amended by striking out the clause providing for
appropriations to Presbyteries to be used at their
discretion, and was then adopted; article by arti
cle, after which the remaining articles were also
adqpted, and the constitution, which has been
tided on, article by article, was adopted with only
one or two dissenting votes.
The following are Articles IV. and V. of the
Constitution for'the Rome Missionary Committee,
as finally.adopted by the Assembly:--
ART. XT.—They shall undertake the work . Of
~
aiding such congregations as are unable, to sup- .
port in whole or in part, the stated preaching of
the gospel, and of sending itinerating or resident
missionaries to the destitute in our own land.
And as it is the design of the General ASsarii
bly not to supersede the different ecclesiastical
bodies connected with it, tut to encourage and
give unity and efficiency to their action, so as to
bring out the full' adaptation and force of the
Presbyterian system in Home Missions, the Pres
byteries are recommended to appoint Standing
Committees on Home Missions to explore their
destitutions; to select, and, if they think expe
dient, to nominate missionaries for their own field;
to recommend the amount' of their compensation;
to secure air annual 'Contribution. to thetause &tali
each of their own churches; to be a medium of
communication, between the Presbytery and the
Assembly's gommittee ; and to furnish annually
to this Committee, on or before the 15th of April,
a detailed statement of the. Home Missionary
work within their bounds,
ART. V.—The committee shall appoint and
commission the missionaries taking care to ap
point no one unacceptable to the Presbytery within
whose bounds he is to labor; they shall give them
all needful instruction-as to the place and charac
ter of their labors, seeming, as far as practicable,
and regarding, the adyice and endorsement of the
Presbytery, as to the selection and location of la
borers and their remuneration; they shall. make
the necessary appropriations to agents, exploring
and itinerating missionaries, and convegations, it
being understood that no appropriation shall' be
made to any congregation whose application is not
endorsed by the Presbytery with . which such con
gregation stands connected, or the. Committee vf
Presbytery; and shall take measures to secure the
effective co-operation of the Synods, Presbyteries,
and Churches, in the work of exploration, in se ,
curing missionaries,- and in obtaining funds for
the common treasury.
They shall keep a faithful , record- of their pro
ceedings, and make an annual report of 41.1 their
doings to the General Assembly. .
ART. Vl.—On Treasurer—as article V., in pre
vious report.
The third article was also amended by adding
"or Secretaries" after General Secretary.
All the other articles are as before printed.
The hour for adjournment having arrived,
prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Wisner l _and the
Assembly took a'recess till 3, P. M. ' '
; - •
;SItERNOON.
• A long &song:o42A place concerning the
second of the resolutiene which,was finally etriclieu
out.
, • . .
Rev. W. Freer tnoia 'in .
amendment 'td the
eleventh, andmailii , ••ft ithtemint e onderning , the
need of California - ,Ottut Its. de'pendenceAbr. the
present on the Antkrisin Elome, Alissionary,S6-
' Dr. Smith "addell!: ii4iv reinarkl , designed - to
avert fears that any a iien-orihis Xiseniblyiretild
cut off the California cburche.o frotn -the support
they derive from the
.. 'ety..h -. . It." I : .. 4' Z
, , The amendment
. fa ed r land,the i ßesulutionAas
adopted .. ,
~ '',' ,
Rev A J Wylie as presented 'as the dele
gate from. the Synod o : , the'Reforined`Preabyteriin
Church: -
~, 'ld ,if ";*. , ~. ..z, - • ";
The hour for adjon ment.,had now,passed, and
the Assembly adjoArp , to meet at 8i- A. vT:,,1 , 0
l on
commence business i riedititely - alter, ax opening
prayer.
. ' • , 1.„. a 5,Q., , ,.., i , ~, , .
ELEVENTH PAY, TVES44 I r; lc-f:l7o4fifirld-9It:RPTCLI
After the usual p4minag r kusißeaa ; :tl qr 4,
aanization of the Hbine"Missionau- Cpupn4tee
was reiumed. '
'The question came= to On - the locality-of - the
committee, its officers,. tie..!'.l l hie tad been tbe
back-ground, of all thei-.disoussion,:and - action of
the Assembly. After Inueh debate and many
propositions, it was dins settled :
The Committee to be I,;seated'in'thw York; ten
of its members to residethere, or in' that Vicini
ty, and five in Philad4likia,". or vicinity; fifteen
-
in all. " •
The Committee•wireifistructed'to elect a Gene
,
ral Secretary,`to reside' iiiiNew York; an 'A 86:xi
ate Secretary, Id reside 'kV 'Philadelphia,' and as
many. District Secretarieiras they might deem
pedient. tot
r 4.
A decided effort was ma - d • e to elect the Special
Secretary by the AssirablY, but it was voted down.
The . speech of Judge Allison:On this Point had
great weight, but this: plan - would make :the As
sembly an electioneering -bogy:for ,ambitious as
pirants to operate upou. The thOught was so ap
palling that when theieshoulilbe four Secretaries,
to elect, each innaging $160;0001; - jt,ir,'\that a
dozen •aspirants' should' w taking :every coramis
ftier by- gm ,buttefiklb, Abet the Assembly
stared bacirfrom it and gave_:: th,e49wF, where it
ought tO. be,. to the Cenunitte,e. •
ELEYENTEI DAY-AFTERNOON, SESSION.
The AsseMbly met at two o'clock, and after
prayer, proceeded unmed4itely:to business.
Several papers froinqhe`COmmittee on the Polity
of the Church were taVeri!.. from - the, docket and
disposed of. , •1•• I
The following were,eleuted .as Trustees of -the
Presbiterian Hausa:, „ •
John C;Farr, Esq4:Charles S. Warts, X. D.,
Rev. John Jenkins, X IY.I Rev; T. J. Shepherd,
Rev. Benj. J. Wallaiez . ; ; . •
The Narrative of the.. State. of
,Religion in the
Churches Was read by, : ltev. Z. 141, Huniphrey.
Its principal features, Were as follows:—The report
spoke of numerous reiriials, of increased expository
preaching and use ottthe Westminster Catechism,
and of more denomination s lipirit in the , sense of
love for the institutions 4 4 the., chnreh.. Sabbath
schools also are flouniting, and ,theological edu
cation has received an impulse. PreabYterial mis-,
signs
-have received new attention, and the need
of them has bec4imepainfullrepparent. In Cities,
vigorous , efforts-have been made•to reach , the neg
lected and)degraded alas*. The cause of tem
peranee has; dOlitiodi 4 , , Tliv-pumber 441eatinkof,
- . :reinistits — diritrg the year'-has been twenty-one. •
Rev. R. Smith, preienteea report from
the Committee on Education in reference to the
state of-Theological. Seminariesivrhich, after slight
amendments, was adopted - .
- Judge Allison, from the Committee to wikprn
was referred an overture concerning a -fund for
disabled Ministers, made a report recommending
that.the subject be, referred.to tvcomniittee of three
to 'report next year The report,was adopted, and
the same Committee was appointed to nominate
that committee.
The report of the standing committee on Edu
cation was, taken from the dockct, apd after reading
the plan, (which was published in our columns
last week,) article by article, it was adopted with
out change. A change was made in the third rule
for granting aid to students,.so as to call all funds
Scholarship Funds.
The following persons were nominated to con
stitute the Committee on ilomuMissions:
'First Class to serve one Year.—Rev. A. D.
Smith, D. D., Rev.,Vhos. ,ilastings Rev. B. J.
Wallace, D. D., J. Milton Smith, John A. Brown.
• Second Class, to serve two years.=Rev. J. F.
Stearns, D. D, Rev: C. S. Robinson Re*. H.
Darling, D. er Elwood, Hon. doseph Alli
son.
Third Class, to serve three years.—Rev. E. F.
'Hayfield, D. D., Rev. Albert Baines, Joseph F.
Joy, Hon. E. A. Lambert, J. Br Pinneo.
The committee were unanimously chosen.
Papers from the Committee pn
,Bills and Over
tures were presented and disposed. of.
Hon. Joseph Allison, Matthew. W. Baldwin,
Joseph H. Dulles, and Samuel C. Perkins, were
appointed the Committee to report to the next
Assembly on a fund for Disabled. Ministers.
The: various. standing. Committees were called
and reported no further -business before them, and
were then discharged.
The bills of the Assembly were read and or
dered paid. -
The usual resolutions of thanks were presented
by the - Rev. Dr. Cox, naming specially the hospi
talities of the citizens of Syracuse, the efficiency
of the Chairman of the Committee of Arrange
ments, the Pastor of the Church with whiCh the
Assembly met, and toits choir of singers; 'and also
to the Moderator for his courteous and' dignified
and Christian bearing.
• Rev. Dr. Canfield respo•nded.on bebalf of, the
citizens of *SYracuse. He' said their exPeetations
concerning this meeting bad beetr more than re
alized. The character:of:the-Presbyterian -Church
had, •he.believed, been raised in , their estimation,
and he thought it would be easier to provide for
such a meeting another year than it had been this.
Should the Assembly ever deeire to meet here
again, he invited it to 'do' so without consulting in
advance: The people, of Syracuse'are not unused
to Conventions. . Many .of most serious and
conservative character are heldhere as well as those
Of another. It is not then, he would say, because
the people of the city are unused to Conventions,
that the meeting of the Assembly has'ex.eitedinich
interest among them ; buthecanse of its high cha
racter as a religious body. • - .
The roll was then celled" aid-absentees marked,
after which the Moderator declared the Assenibly
dissolved, and ordered another to convene' on the
third Thursday of May; 1862, in the city of Cin
cinnati.
A few affecting ;words were then- said' by. the
Moderator, speaking of the peace and Jove which
had prevailed
r throughout the Assembly, and wisli
ing rich blessingko all its members.
The hymn---"Blest be the tie that hinds;" was
sung in full chorus; prayer was offered' by the
Moderator, and the apostolic ...benediction pro
nounced.
A NEW ADVERTISING MEthinkt:—:-Clu the first
Sabbath of last month, Rev. Mr. Mernoch, ''of the
Middle Kirk,-having received a number of notices
of public meetings which he was requested to read,
gave intimation that he was not to stand in the
pulpit and be, made an advertising medium; and
further intimated" that If he received any more
notices of the kind, he intended , to charge 2s. 6d.
for each, and, halm:lover. the money to some chari,
table institution
• - -jOrt
lam, . tAR4,EB,,, s,omoNn_3r. THE;
' - ' OF COUNTRY
- t s ' from rlill i r
' • Are' reive' . WlOw a few extracts`
elections
inon, althangh it is d d ifficu p i h t e th se' ln rmakeen, 6Preached
where all is
ass°'li.gp7cm.i)t and noble h d e e r liY a s u r d an t le e '
April 28t ~
6 oceasio_, -
r i e d
which itwas` a r
venerable place in
~.
worthy of the .
n the preae ,
OUR CONSTITUTION.:;
After eulogizing our Constitation:as ‘lthe re-
Ault ,of tthe accumulated wisdom tof all ages, , ? the
Ipreacher :proeeeilsto• consider and explain those
defects :J iaLit which-mere =to 'be expented4n zany
jannork proAuctioti • - ut:
It may iddinitted 'that the - ConAittitithr is
not::perrect.= at may.be admittedlthat , there , are
dcfeck hi #1 3 .0 11 9h. NRr9, Jar ulflnPg , ogr
coootieo f thc. of formation; that
V` R ititeeaiß thOS Whicttit has shown that i
gaeity bout& have: antiPipktedq7, Wllatisithere
APcl4ilWlVTigl7 l 444:= l, .sScrif,qo47 , -y7 7 =
Many.,(4-those-whe lived -at th&timarWhen , the
Constitution;Aras7- fOrnied, tia*:manynoisr , do,
re
garded it as defectivei , because it contained= ao
recognition of God as , qhe. source' of ;national
blessings - I:7as
..haviug r. the right,. to :controllthe
nation by, His and as .a ,Being on, whose
• '
favor a nation must be dePendent. -40 t
that . theYisked'lceitii: establishment qt . nit-
Or =that 'they 'WOuld'''have-Stib
mittedtd:a=unioxi of the ChUrali:-and State r -bat
that- they ; did : end-de desire ttrat,,in a: nation so
signally favored liy;Hito, and dependent, wholly
on' Him, that prOVidenee be -grate
' fulli nd 'that this dependence'
should have been ree ff ogniSed!
Recent .: 'events . ;haVe - ShoWn . , also; that - there
way have: been , a. defect- in-, the Constitution in
not.providing for, the .roanner in yvkich:-Oe
neral ,Government, should .a, revolted and
rebel State which should separateit
self . from the 'great nonfederacv The jurisdic
tion-ofi the .geVerifirienVoYet an *iditridzia . l Of
fender :perfect but- what:'under that Consti
tution. is,. the,natnre . of, the jurisdiction over. a
revolted and rebel Sate . ? ,lloye, shall the, act of
such it State-be punished? _HOW shall it be re
taiited-in the eOnfederaey,? - What Would ,be its
relations to' the government, if it'should be, sub
dned_bY.arins ?.
To Very ; niany. of our; countrymen at the time
that-, the: Constitution, was- formed, and..to : , in
creasing .numbers bas been regarded, as
.a,defect in the 7C9nsiititio nthat it. lent-its : sane-
Lion in..sny, form to: that greet. evil which ' exists
:in - oar 'land; •or that it. even seemed. to .throir
over that evilthe protection of the mational-go
,vernment,-,-that--evil so: gigantic in itself, , anll
which-in the: manner in which ithas,beeictreated
at-the:South.and the North ; lies at, the founda
--tion,-of the calamities-which .have now come
,upon, our country.
• Yet while these defeets in
it - the COnstitution
.
are to be'conceded; there are 'fe`w things Whieh
may be Said in explanation of, if not iii extenna-
Vert of its defeeta. , -
"'One'is, - 'that tha`COnStitution' itself contains
the most ample provision for itss - own amend
ment,:for any modification that would na
tessaryto remove the"evils which-tnay havre been
originally inherent in it, 'or which -may, have
ftpftq Thiriv the Pftigress There `i's
- not at change in that instrument which it would
be desirable should be made; dither from'an on
defect,' or from unforeseen occurrences,
which Ely not be Made; notia 'new prevision
-which lt may-be desirable,to, introduce, which
may not ,properly be introduced. The precise
manner in which such a* change may be, made
has" been specified, and the tonstitatioa Welt'
secures the right of making such a'Chfibge witt
no necessary peril,= and with the most ample se
curity that the change may be peaceably intro
duced.
Another thing to he said is, that the people
of the land have never, as yet,lefused to make
any suet change. Repeatedly the Constitution
has been modified to secure rights which it was
supposed had not, been sufficiently protected, or
to avert evils and 'dangers to liberty which it
was feared might spring up under
-the working
of the Constitution, or to adapt it to a state o
things which could not have been anticipated.
No occasion has yet arisen for throwing away
the Constitution, or for any portion of the Re-
public to separate from the, rest, on, the ground
that a change that would lie for the good of the
whole, could not, or would notbe made. •
In - regard to 'that great evil which existed ill
the land at the time when the Constitution was
formed, and which in its growth has led on to
the present calamities, it is to, be remarked that
it was believed and hoped by, the framers of the
Constitution that, under the operation of causes
Which were then existing, and of arrangements
introduced into the Constitution itself, the evil
would come to an end, and would cease in all
the States of the Republic. They admitted it
to be an, evil. They lamented its existence._ In
the original draft of the Declaration of Tilde=
pendence, it was alleged as one of the wrongs
inflicted on this country by the King , of Great
Britain, that he had brought this evil, upon us.
The framers of the Constitution expressed al
ways and unanimously the desire, the hope, that
this evil would come to an end. They 'uttered
no word in defence of the System, they no
apology for it, they never spoke of it as a de
sirable institution; they never expressed a wish
that it, should be perpetuated. All agreed in
this, and. no one expressed this belief and this
hope with more 'constancy and firmness than
Washington. Often did he give - Utterance to
his wish as one of the most cherished and ear
nest of itis life, that:the period might arrive
when the whole land would be free: - So careful,
Moreover, were the framers of the Constitution
on this point; so anxious thattheir views should
never` be misinterpreted, that they nowhere used
the word .sdave-in that instrument, nowhere' ; did
they in - express language, or by any fair con=
struction of language, imply, that there could be
the right ot;, :!,, property' in man. They legis
lated with respect to "slaves,".for they were
then held as slaves, not as "slaves"—not as
"property," but as "persons held to service;"
as "persons" for whom there' might be a repre
sentation in the Congress of the - nation. The,
framers of the Constitution evidently hoped and
believed that the Constitution' would go down
to future times and ages—to a period when
sla - very would cease in the land and in'the world;
and they were evidently unwilling, by the in
sertion of the word s/ave_in the Constitution, to,
make it possible for posterity to:infer either that
they approved of the system, or 'that they anti
cipated that it would be perpetual. To crown
all, they adopted a measure which they evidently
hoped would be.decisive on the subject:: ':They.
Made provision by which the introduction of
slaves from abroad might be absolutely prohi
bited at -a given period, (the year 1808,) 'be
lieving that if - the -foreign trade should - cease,
the institution would soon come to an end.
Justice should bedone to those men. -They did
not do all that we can now see would have been
desirable to, have ;been done. But'they were to
a man opposed to, the system, and desired that
it might come to an end. Therdid not, antici-'
pate—no human sagacity could havannticipated'
"the changes which havesince chine ever-the.
minds . of,the.people where:slavery-prevails,tind,
which have made them :resolved to pevettiate
:and e#end the institution as • a good, as lying
at thefoundation of the best form of, society;
and for not anticipating this, they were not and
'Could not be'held to be responsible.' 'Had their
views and Hopei , been aecomplished, the evil
would long since itave come, to amend in this
land; the thing itself would not now be { known,
as they were careful that the mane should not
tippler id 'the Constitution.' 'We may lament
what.they.did as anireperfection in the Consti
tution, but let us Wet harshly blame its, framers.
Had co change : of sentiment come over the minds
of the people where slavery prevailed; had the
views and auticipations of 'the framers of the
Constitution been realized, the nation would not
now-be agitated - with the evils which have come
upon us. ' •
.GOVERNMENT WELL 'AND'FAIRLY
ADMI
i NISTKRED.
The igo - Verninerit of> this country, under that
Ceriatitiation, hos. been ,in the mainnAminiutered
with ,eminent, wisp.om, ability, and ; impartiality.
,No rights of au oae portion of the country have
4 13geli tdelifte' Melt' 01:11 ritOrtiggirfrOrßoi'd"
the interests' of any direi rportion, `nor has any
.hportioa l Af theAand anch,justgrouridi com-
Mailit against the, gsvernment„ as to justify re
'volution, rehelirOtt, or an appeal to arms. It
may be Asserted Without any fear of contradic
tion, that no goiernment on the face of the earth
has ever been administered with such wisdom,
ability;and impartiality, or has furnished as little
a
&hi:til - of just complaint; for the same period
' of time, as theg , over rtm en t of the 'United States,
- since the inadguration of the first President, in
; 1789, or with so, constant a - regard to the rights
of all the , citizens.
This is true of the government in. general; it
is true, this far, of the present adthinisitatiOn.
Jt is true ofthegovernment gerieral..
1 The adminfitratioh of that governMent has
never been against the rights-of the South, or
against, its, institutions. For a large"part of
the time, not 'leis ihan three:fourths, of tfie
whole, the '"South has controlled the national
- adniiriiStratioti.: 'This has beeii secured; partly
' by the fact :that the people of Abet portion 'of
our countrydevote themselves more to political
affairs than those of the. North; partly by the
fact, arising from the nature of their institutions,
that they have more leisure to attend to such
ipursuits tlianlhe people-of the Istorth ; partly
by the fact that they_are united in prosecuting
the interests, and extending the , area and' the
influence of that one institution that character
' izes that portion of the land,• while the many
separate and somewhat independent interests of
the North have broken up the 'North; into :dif-
Arent parties, and prevented the creation of any
such identity,of,porpose and of feeling. During
,all that time, of, course,"the South could have
no cause of 'complaint against the measures of
an administration, which Was mainly, if not
, wholly„ , in" their oWn hinds and if, under , the
administration .of the general government, there
has been a leaning towards their institutions,
and the rights which were asserted as growing
out of thenf,,it is to be traced to their own
energy, their unity, their zeal iii their own cause,
, their 011611 stigadity. , tut , When, a'a has' been
the. case, for a ; -portion of theAntire period of
our national history, the administration of the
government has been in. the hands of the North,
no injustice has been done to the people of the
South by:the general' government. None of
their rights have been disregarded. None of
etomPlkilat's`.bage-been .IsTo niea
sure of, justice which therhave asked has been
denied their. No case which they have ever,
brought before, the Supremo Court has been dis
regarded; or has been 'so decided as to furnish
even a shadow of just complaint that there was
in that august tribunal any disposition to do
them injustice, or to show partiality to the
North. No law of Congress has, been inter
preted by that tribunal so as to militate Against
rights of the Sotith, and no latv passed by
Congress that seemed to favor the South, has
been declared by that tribunal to be unconsti
tutional on that account. At the same time,
every 'act of COngress designed to protect the
asserted rights-of the. South, has been most
faithfully executed. In respect to that particu
lar la* which has been deemed of so much con
sequence, to the South, the-law respecting the
rendition' of fugitives "from service," nothing
could be more faithful than the general govern
ment. In not a single instance,—no, not one,—
has the general' government refused to exert all
its power to execute that law; in not one in
stance,—no, not one,—has it been or can it be
pretended that the general government, or any
of its marshals or judges; has favored the escape
of such a fugitive. A tiany Vale, and under any
'form of the administration, the whole power of
the governmentwould have been exerted to se
cure .the execution of that law.
The administration of that government has
never been against the rights of the North, or
its institutions.: In the long period of our his
tory, no act of this nature can be referred to.
The interests of the North have been protected.
In every case where an, individual had, or sup
posed he had, a just cause against a citizen of
another State, so as to make it proper to bring
it, before the Supreme Court; in every case
where one State had a ground of complaint
against another State; in every case of a cor
poration or a trust which could be properly
brought before that court; in every. tase per
taining to a patent right, though a decision, if
carried into execution, would be immeasurably
in favor of a citizen of the North, and against
the intereits of the South, every such case has
heen patiently heard and impartially adjadi
cate,d. No individual has been wronged; no
corporation; no State: The interests of COM
merce and manufactures in the North; the sea
ports, the trade, the tariff, thee postal' arrange-
Mutts, the claims of justice,^ have all' been alike
regarded in the . acts of the general government,
and the rights springing out of those interests
have ,deep defended. In any one ease where a .
decision of,the Supreme Court had been in favor
of a Northern citizen, the whole power of the
general everninent would have been exerted
to execute, if it were possible, that decree.
Whatever ?apposed groupd-of complaint there
may have.been that there was a leaning in the
course of the administration toward& the South,
not a single instance can be referred to of a
clearly 'ascertained right, in which the whole
power of the government would not have been
carted to defend it. •
THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION.
What has been trues in regard to the general
course of the administration in this nation, has
been thus far eminently true of the present ad
ministration. The present chief magistrate was
elected inthe most exact manner, in contbrmity
with - the mode -prescribed in the Constitution.
There has been no evidence of bribery or cor
ruption. = Thereams no=force employed to pre
vent the free expression of the will of the people.
The election throughout the ;land. occurred on
the very day, and in the very manner, prescribed
by the law ; the votes were'Conveyed to the seat
of government in the verymanner prescribed by
the law, and were .counted in that , manner.and
the result was announced in the very way "con
templated by the Constitution. The world has
witnessed few sublimer scenes. A nation was
excited; but in the capitol; a rival candidate for
that high office, whose duty from Ids official eta
it was'to announce,ite'result,'gave utter
anon to the expressed Wishes,of the' people with
as much calmness asthoughhe had no relation
to the canvass. Noi since the present chief
VOL. V.---NO. 41;
magistrate has entered on his duties, has there
been just cause of opposition to the administra
tion. If the deepfelt and henest expression of
his dependence on God in the very; difficult cir
cumstances in which he was placed; if the ten
der and touching appeal to his neighbors and
friends as he left his home, that they would re
member him in their prayers; if his uttered
feelings of kindness -to all the inhabitants of the
land, as One great brotherhood; if his declared de
termination simply to maintain the authority of
the laws,
_dud to invade the rights of none; and if
his eminent patience and forbearance, the calm
and reflective maiiner in which he has entered an
_his administration, sb free from all appearance of
passion; furnish any evidence of a spirit of impar
tiality, and are any index of what this administra
tion is to be, then it is thus far another most signal
iliustritjon of the 'truth to which I am adverting,
'that the'ad.ministration of the general government
of this nation is wise, and just, and impartial; that
it is not against the rights of the South or the
.-rights of the” North-
.SERVING: GOD_ IN THE CAMP.
BE REV. TIIEORORE L. CITYLER.
"Although •I have always loved my children
with a love that only a mother can know, yet
when I look at the state of my country I cannot
withhold them - ; and in the name of their God and
their mother's God, I bid them go. If I bad ten
SOW; instead of five, I would give them all sooner
than have our country rent in fragment's. I hope
you will. provide them each with a Bible, and
°five them their mother's love and blessing, and
tell thein our prayers will accompany them and
'wilt ascend in their behalf night and day."
• So Wrcite a godly mother lately, when the tidings
reached her that her noble army of boys bad
taken up arms for the cause of God and liberty.
Amon , * all the productions of the campaign, none
has so touched our fount of tears as this simple
outbreak of maternal heroism and Christian love.
That true woman recognises in this struggle no
vulgar strife for plunder or conquest, but the ho
liest war of principle that modern times have wit
nessed. She recognises, too, the moral dangers
of the`camp, as well as the physical perils of the
battle-field. So her anxieties do not run in the
direction, of clothing or bodily comfort, but in the
direction of spiritual 'outfit. , She trusted the
State 'to equip them with gun and bayonet; their
hearts she feels most troubled for, and so she
orders for them the "whole armor," in the shape
of a mother's Bible, and around them she throws
the protection of a mother's prayers "night and
day. . .
"These Christian young men have a great work
of personal religion before them in the camp.
Not only may they glorify their Saviour by a
godly demeanor, by observance of the Sabbath,
by temperance, by Christian speech, and by con
scientious discipjine, but they may do a glorious
missionary work among their unconverted com
rades. • What a field there is for direct religious
efforkin such a regiment as Colonel Ellsworth's
Zotaves, or among Alderman Wilson's new re
cruits from the chicks and the saloons! One
earnest Christian possessed of Harlan Page's
fidelity and love of souls, could reap a precious
harvest from such fallow ground. Let not our
readers sneer at-this suggestion. Let them read
rather of what. Richard Baxter did in the Parlia
mentary armies-of England, and of what Captain
Hammond aid in the British armies of our own
day. Let them read the thrilling "Life of Head
ley- Vicars," the gallant captain ,in the British
"Ninety-Seienth; who fell at the siege of Sevas
topol. In the very last letter that young Vicars
ever wrote, he says; "Tell your father that I have
distributed among my brother officers his delight
ful clnVitation to United Prayer for the outpour- .
ing of the Holy Spirit,' arid I trust that it may
lead several to turn their thoughts to the contem
plation of those things that belong to their peace.
Major Ingram is one of my best friends, and a true
Christian. Douglass M— is very dear to me.
Ile is young and full of high spirits, which might
now and thn carry him away, were he not conti
nually .seeking to have more and more of the
mind of Christ. In these solemn scenes his
thoughts turn often heavenward. Do not cease
to pray for him.. Yesterday I visited the hospi
tal, and read the twelfth.chapter of Hebrews, and
prayed with a poor dying man, who beckoned me
to do so when I was at the other end of the ward.
He seemed comforted when I spoke to him of
that blood which cleanseth from all sin, and told
him of the dying love of Jesus. I do hope that
he and I. shall meet in heaven, clothed in white
robes. * * * * On Wednesday last, Capt.
Craigie of the Engineers, who regularly attended
our Sabbath evening prayer-meetings, was killed
by a shell in the Middle Ravine. I was on picquet
there on that night, and he was struck only a few
minutes before I came up with my men. Poor
fellow, he was quickly called into eternity, for he
fell instantly after being hit; but I feel sure he
was ready, and is now safe forever. God bless
you, my own most beloved mother-sister. How
delighted I am that you told rue the day which is
appointed for national prayer. We shall keep it
in the camp, too, please God. Jesus is near, and
very precious to my heart and soul."
,Six nights after Captain ViCars penned this
heavenly letter, the Russians-15,000 strong—
made a midnight attack on the allied lines. Cap
tain Vicars was the first to discover them. He
ordered his men to lie down until the Russians
came within twenty paces; then with the war
shout, "Now, 97th, on your pins and charge!" he
led on his two hundred 'brave fellows against two
thousand foes. One moment a moonbeam fell on
his sword as he flashed it through the air with
his last cheer, "This way, 97th!" The next
moment that strong arm fell powerless at his side,
and his handsome form went down under the
Russian bayonets. His men fought their way to
their leader's body, and carried it back to the
tents. "Cover my face—cover my face," whis
pered faintly the dying hero, as they bore him
through his regiment. With a gold locket and a
copy of the Psalms next his heart, he breathed his
last; amid the gushing tears of hundreds of loved
comrades, they laid the soldier of Christ down to
his glorious, rest.
The agitation created in Western Virginia by
the threatened adoption of the secession ordinance,
however it•may be viewed, can hardly have taken
any intelligent reader by surprise. The probable
effect of disunion in that quarter was eloquently
foreshadowed by Mr. Webster in a speech delivered
at delaying of the corner stone of the addition
to the Capitol; in this city, in 1851. He then
spoke as follows
"Ye men of the Blue 'Ridge, many thousands
of whom are nearer to this capital than to the seat
of government of your own state, what do you
think of breaking up this great association into
states and people? I know that some of you
and I believe that you all, would be almost as
much shocked at the announcement of such a catas
trophe as if you were informed that the Blue
Ridge itself would soon totter from its base. And
*ye men of Western Virginia, who occupy the slope
from the top of the Alleghenies to Ohio and Ken
tucky, what benefit do you propose to yourselves by
disunion 7 If .you 'secede,'what do you 'secede'
from, and what doyen 'accede' to ? Do you look
for the current of the Ohio to change and to bring
you and your commerce to the tide waters of east
tern rivers? What man in his senses can suppose
that you :would remain. part and parcel of Virginia
a month after Virginia had ceased to be a part and
parcel of the United States ?"
Christian Intelligencer.
Whole No. 258.
A. - PAOPHECY FULFILLED.
N. Y. Independent.