GENESEE EVANGELIST:
marg.
ODE OP THE 'UNION PARTY IS '4 . 111118-
TON IN 1832.
From tho Journal of tlonatnerce.
The following Ode breathes a spirit which &nit•
commend itself to every patriotic °Rind. It, was
written by the Rev. Dr. Oilman, of Oh* estou; andi
was sung At the 4th of July celebration, t 18 , 32, by
the Union Party of that city. I had the satisfaction
to be present, and to assist in the Choir. The prude-.
sion had moved to the Baptist.church toilisten to an
oration by Col. Drayton * one of the influential men
of the Unionists, while the Nullifiers wire headed by
the great Rayne, by -Hatisiltoti,' and: 'Meta.
HAIL, our country's instal Morn!.
Hail, out spreading kindred born! -
Hail, thou banner, not Yet torn,
Waving o'er the free]
While this day, In festal thtoug,
blillions.swell the patriot's song,
Shall nob we the notes prolong?
Hallowed jubilee!
Who would sever "Freedom's striae,
Who would draw the invidious line?
Though by birth one spot be mine,
Dear is all the rest,—
' Dear to me the South's fair laud,
Dear the central mountain band,
Dear. New England's rooky,strand,
Dear the prairie West.
By our altars pure and free,
By our Low's deep-rooted tree,
By the peat'® dead memory,
By our Viroshin*ton—
By our common kindred tongue;'
By our hopes—bright, buuyant, youn g,
By the tie of countryltrong,.,
We will still be one• .
Fathers; have ye bled in vain?
Ages, must ye droop 'again?
Maker, shall we rashl7 stain
Blessings sent by Theta
Nol receive our solemn,vaw,
While before thy throne we bow,
Ever to maintaip, as-now, "
Union—Llgrtyl"
The effect of the ode was truly sublime. When
.the choir came to the last fodr lines of the laat Venn,
the whole audience arose spontaneously, and there
was an awful graigeur in the sound of the thousands
of voices esiolalming--
Nol . *give our solemn *CI;
While thy throne we bow,
- Ever to maintain, as now,
Unlon—Libertyl
Choir and organ and harmony were drowned by
the wild ejaculations ; but it started feelings not un•
stilted to the sacredness of . the place of meeting, and
the light of the uplifted eye had to struggle through
tears, and there was not a man present who would
not, at that moment, have cheerfully sacrificed life,
fortune, and sacred honor—to Union—Liberty I
CivEtspotatsltes.
Correspondence of the American Presbyterian.
LETTER FROM STRIA, No. 8.
Bbamriun, Mount Lebanon, Dee.lB, 1560.
Dear Editor:--While 1 was engaged in my
last communication of the 28th ult., the first ray
of light appeared for the acquittal of our former
Governor, Yusif Bey ,bbd el-Melik, before the
Turkish tribunal at Beirut. But the corium/tic
of fble deiiiston Ifaa'net - yit beeh issued 'frontthe
extraordinary commission; for no one of these
Sheikhs or others can be acquitted, or condemned
.without their judicial sanction. This indication
of the will of Providence after seventy days' im
prisonment and idol, points in the direction of my
Own hopes expressed in my former letter for their
release, and restoration to their families and to
• social life.
On Thursday, November 29; the several cora
laissioners associated as one family, left Beirut to
visit Damascus. The French General in a mili
tary point of view had decided that his force of
8000 or 10,000 men was insufficient to move for
that city. It was therefore pleasant -to see this
band of noblemen with their attendants, 25' or 80
in number, go without an - escort, like Christian
ambassadors and advocates of the Prince of peace.
Some 'said that they hoped that they all would
.be massacred; .for, sum the unchristian temper
and spirit of some of linarbarous Christians in
Syria. But the moral Power for their ,protection
'and safety is mightier than the millions of sol
"diets at the corn mead of their united sovereigns
in Europe. Their commission is peace and good
'Wilt tolien. For their success and inauguration
of a good , government for this .ancient , land of so
.interesting, sacred recollections, I beg the 'earnest
and united prayers of all the friends of , Christian
missions in the United States. They have now
'returned to Beirut where H. E. Fund Pasha still
remains. , •
I have mentioned the attempt of ,my .French
neighbor, in concert with his soldiers, to-exact
$2OOO or $BOOO from . Bhamdun, more or less, in
so many measures of wheat end barley, so many
rottles of raisins, etc., because the people of , our I
village had received Drum property. This ,pro-'
jeot was reported , to the commission, but defeated.
The same levy as a forced condition was contem
plated. to ,be taken from the Druses, namely,. ten
niids of wheat,, ten mids of barley, ten rottles of
raisins, three beds, three pillows, tie tanjeros,
etc., or their estimated , value in piasters, (1365,
afterwards reduced to 1065,Ythat is about pq,
from evety paper of taxes Itt the '`Druse nation,
within five days, or the soldiers would 'come and
plunder twice this amount. The tax was enor
mous, and the payment luipossihle.. , The Drums
offered to pay any reasonable contribution, toyield
their houses and villages to be plundered 'by the
authority , of the government and their French al
lies, or even to retire from their ancientpossesaions
in Lebanon; but all their proposals were in;vain.
In these eirentnatances their chief Akkal of this
neighborhood, came to me on. Tuesday of last
week with a plea for mercy, and asking advice.
Constrained to advise and consult for the immedi
ate relief of the whole nation, I consented to be
the bearer of their petition for mercy to the au
thorities at Beirut, , addressed to His Excellency,
Fund Pasha, which I presented to Lord Dufferin,
H. B. M. commissioner, at whose earnest and de
cided representations, this extraordinary order for
a forced contribution from all: the'Druses was coun
termanded the same day. Various`petitions from
other quarters, and maiy . Druse women -from the
mountains Came ,also, and .I •am not 'aware that a
single contribution was paid in the estimate , of from .
six to ten millions of piasters, or $400,000.
Perl ps I oweitn apology to the non-intervention
policy of our national government for this indirect
agency in the politics of foreign nations, as well
as for my humble determination in May last, if
possible, to preserve this village and distriot from
nil the barbarism of war, at, whatever hazard to
my American citizenship and'missionaryliosition.
de No. 768.
Otherwise, in view of The recent" Presidential elec
tion and, the importance of a'more added Ameri
can policy i in this gretkempire,, have to beg my
heloTed,countrymen and the officers, elect that it
may.ipleaie, them and accord with the =will of -Pro
videireet to sustain our present ion. Ambassador
at Constantinople, Col. James Williams, of• Tenn.,
1,. our, worthy consul, J. A., Johnson,..F4q : , at
.11 dirtIc dtreing:the 'period of an.qthei PreSidential
administration:
Excuse, dear 'this 'allusion "to politics, and
believe me for the one service, " " -
BVNTON has sent us a Armatlation of one
.those stirring.aPpeals now.eiroulating in,. Syria;
written by a. native Protestant , the
"Trumpets of Syria," it shall appear ,in our next.
Ets.
-For tl!e'Aznerican.PreabytenLan:
THE 'PRESEYTERY , 'Or MAUI( AND
, 11111LOKAL
, Wailitliu, Mad, Noie. 26, 1860.',
TO4e, „Rifler-of the Amer* an Presbyterian.—
'Nan Silt:—By mutual-consent - a meeting' of
the pastors of Maui and, Molokai, was held,,at
Lahaina, on the 7th of August last, consisting of
Rev. Messrs. D. Baldwin,..J. F. Pogue,-.S. E.
Bishop, A. 0, Forbes, and - W. P. Alexander.,
After free conferenee on the state of the churehes
under our , care, and the importance of adopting
efficient measures to raise 'up and qualify laborers
to supply the destitute portions of our field, and
to carry , on the work when our labors are finished,
we were unanimously of opinion, thatthough we
bad hitherto managed our acclesiastical affair's
'harmoniously, without much system, yet that per
manent peace and purity cannot be seaured for
-our churches %hot , order, and that, no order can
-be maintained withoitt” authority, laws and a set of
officers to execute' 'them. The only question as
to What form Of ecclesiastical ,Organization we
should adopt, was between Congregationalisni and
Presbyterianism, and we were unanimously of opi
nion that for a people partially enlightened, like
the Hawaiians, Presbyteritmism is decidedly the
best form of governinent. We therefore Organized
the PRES,BYTERY OF MAUI AND ivioLoßir,. and
resolved to take the form of government of. the
Presbyterian church in the''United States for our
guide, until we have time to digest and adopt a
system of our Own.;Messrs. Baldwin, Pogue and
myself, were appointed a committee to draw up
such .a system and report as early as possible. At
this, our first meeting, we examined and licensed
two candidates for .the gospel ministry; viz. :
Menise and Kuaumoana,both of whom ere gradu
ates of the seminary of Lahainaluna., Thus, I
trust s :we have consummated a bond of union, to
preserve order, and symmetry in the house of God,
which will enable us to concentrate our efforts
433 4 to supply the destitute in our wide field, and. which
the work- of the ministry. As we meet quarterly
in the various sections of our field, we hold a pio
tracted meeting in the place of our assembling,
and besides our ordinary ecclesiastical business,
and , hearibgof essays from our various candidates,
we haveootte , ellent epportunities to press the claims
of the goiiet on the people. Pray for us that
the great 4ead of the church may crown our 'en
deavors with his blessing.
TUE SECOND MEETING.
'We. adjourned and met again at "Keaweltapca,
in ‘Honuaula, an out station of the church of
which I am pastor, twenty-two iniles fFom my
home. Here S. Nucku, a licensed preaeher, has
been laboring for four years with great acceptance,
and Presbytery, after carefully examining hiin as
to his acquaintance with experimental religion
and of his knowledge of the great doctrineS of 'the
gospel, ordained him to the work of the gospel
ministry as associate pastor with myself. The
exercises were novel to most of the assembly, 'and
trust impressions were made that will do great good.
Our Presbytery now contains seven ordained minis
ters, one of whom is a- 'native Hawaiian, and we have
five licensed preachers and two other candidates
for the'tninistry under our care.
AN INDEPENDENT 'PEESBYTER.Y.
We, do not propose to put ourselves under the
dare of any Presbyterian organization whether
in- Geneva, France, Holland, Scotland, Ireland, or
•the United States; we think we understand the
- state of things here'better than assembled divines
in other countries can; but we will feel a special
sympathy with our ;brethren in all these countries
and rejoice in- their prosperity.
MULCHING TOUR--PAITV.FUL RULING rLDfilt,
By appointment of Presbytery I have just
finished a tour around east Maui which is now
without a pastor. I was two weeks performing it.
preached in ten different, places and adminis
tered the Lord's supper at three, located a licenti
ate at Kaups, a destitute region, and hope he will
"efeloni Oidained their pastor.
I was cheered to find the F.lders of the vacant
churches so deeply impressed with their responsi.
bility, as having the care of soul's resting on them.
- The worship of God is regularly maintained in
'hundreds of places, where they rarely see a mis
sionary. In some places I found uumbers ear
nestly engaged to seek the Lord. But I will not
weary you with details.
In my next I propose to give you some account
of our educational system and the means we have
of -training .young men - for the gospel ministry.
R.EV..DN. STEELE ON PAST-DAY.
The Rev. Samuel Steele, D. D ,forrnerly, of this
city,late for tvienty=five years pastor of the old
school Presbyterian church in Hillsborough, Ohio,
preached a sermon on fast-day, in which he does
note entirely •harmonize with the Rev. - Mr. Van
Dyke of Brooklyn. Dr, Steele says:-
"The most eminent of- the founders of our
Union understood this subject Well, for many of
them were slavebolders all their days. Yet they
left on record their marked disapproval of 'the in
stitution—their regret that it was fastened on
them by British rule, and their desire for its ter
ruination as soon as practicable, consistently, with
the safety of both classes. There would seem to
have been entire agreement on this subjectuamong
all the leaders of the land. Washington declared
himself in favor of emancipation by law, and
shoived hip sincerity , by bequeathing freedem to
his Own slaves. „Indeed, nearly,all in the s4uttio
Byer Your Brother,
WM. A. BiNTON
W. P. ALEXANDER.
yilliannyttiA: s . -
f-ytriTit
at that time; as , well as those in .the North, re
gretted the existence of ,slavery as .a .great imper
fection in oursocial state, and an anomaly in a
country hotistidgef its 'freedom, while theyjusti
fied such masters as were involved in it—yet
showed - kindness to , their servants—only by rea
son of their providential circumstances. They
made a proper , distinction' between thumoral cha
racter of the sySteni—includirig the laws which
lad to; and 'perniit, withont check, the evils al
ready alluded to, and the ntr,krcti,character of the
master—who becomes such, geuerally by inheri
tance—when he is, willing to do' t,he best for his
slave's that his Cirettindtances permit
Those old time worthies left on record no eulo
gies, of, the' institution-as inherently excellent, and
righteous, and therefore worthy, of being neu
rished and Perpetuated to thelateiegeneratiOn of
men! 'This positron is of
. rnadern origin—the off
spring of new light--4rid, , like other •novelties, is
highlk,exciting to the mind, leading its advocates;
alas! to contend for thubreaking up of our ThiiOn;
at, the,iramirkent „risk of .a-,destructive civil war,
theeffeet which v apon f b ? pci p j aster . .3,and slaves,
ngman, can foretell. TVs . stimildpray for such
persons; that God may give ihernwiedom, ait'd di
rect them to the• thinos that make for pettoe.
DR. DRAINERVO, LETTER _TO THE .cmf-
CIRNATI. OBRISTIAA 4EB4UX
The following. letter of-Rev. Dr. Brainerd, writ
ten:in response to a request from-the 'present Edi
tor:of; they iteralcl, Rev, E. Babb ; .is
full of personatreminiseexical of-the Doctor's !early
career in the` West, ' which cannot-fail to' interest
our. readers.
Philadelphia, Dee.'24, 1860
C. E. Babb-
Dear Brother :--You invite Me to give you some
reminiscences.of my editorship of the Cimionati
Jouriag. „I know not how I can better do this
than to give a brief history of my connection with
the paper.
In the fall 'of 1831, with a Home Missionary's
commission in Icy pocket, I started for' what ,
then called the Valley Of the Mississippi. - had
not the :least idea of the place where I should find
a resting spot., This was to be determined by the
six gentlemen who constituted the Executive-Com
mittee Of the H. M. Agency at Cincinnati. With
my rung wife I reached your city about the. 25th
of. November, And was-hospitably received and en
. tertained for two weeks in the family .of my- vene
rated friend, Judge Burnet. As it was settled by
the Committee, I was located in the Fourth Church
in'the eastern part of the city. Front street, above
-Deer Creek, was unpaved, and I had to Make my
way to the,church,in the deep mud, ATI whigh my
poor, wife often lost her over slices. . There .were
about 60 aroa-shops in my parish and you may
readily imagine that my ministry was no sinecure.
With the enthusiasm of youth I•entered on my la
bors, and by the blessing of God soon, gathered a
pleasant little congregation, and a Sabbath-sebool
of 300 children; Thirty were added to the church
the first year. I visited over' and over every fami-
ly from; Deer Creek to• Columbia; and•by sympathy
with the sick; and kindness to the poor, gained an
influence in the entire,community. - In the cholera
of 1832 six heads of families died within _eight
_ _ •
doors of my dwelling. I sometimes followed to
the grave-three persons in an afternoon, as their
bedies were borne to their last man? dace on
, ,
sympathieswith my little church and its peculiar
.surroundings. I have never been .happier since,
and have no doubt, had .1 been , let alone, reould
have labored there pleasantly to this day. The
affections and prayers of my little,flock at -Fulton,
haie followed me, I believe, thioiigh years of ab
sence and changes, and I still regard individuals
among them with most affectionate interest. My
• salary was s6oofor pastoral,labor, with $lOO added
for my services as clerk of the Executive Com
mittee of the H. M. Agency. I not only lived
comfortably on this sum, but paid`out of it in two
340'8 350 dollars, which I owed at Andover for
my education, library, &c. If any of your people
think this could he done in 1860 bid them re
member that in 1832 I paid 01.50 a cord . for
wood, $BO for house rent, 25 cents for tuykies,
6 cen't's for chickens, 4 . cents k dozen 'for• eggs,
and other things in proportion. I , may here say,
.as a.pleasant incident of iny introduction to Cin
cinnati, that the secon,d week, after my arrival, .I
was waited upon by Elnathau Kemper, the found
.
er of Lane Seminary, and invited to preach on 'a
. ,
Wedneaday eVenin,, ,,, in his log house, on Walnut
Startingabout half past'six,; with, a lan
tern, I waded the stream, again and again,
through Peer Creek valley, and struggled through
the deep mud beyond, so as to reach the place at
8 o'clock. it cost me n fever of- Ali Weeks, but
gained for me the friefidshiii of Mi.Kemper, which
terminated Only with his life.. As'he had no pew
rent to pay at the setninery,,where he worshipped,
he sent me $l5 a year towards my . . salary in
Fulton.
While ".I was engaged in my r patitoral wOricl
occasionally:, wrote' an article for the Cincinnati
Journal Land this induced thepastoral association,
in the. winter of 1832, to ask me rto take charge
of the paper ,as editor. - As I had nndesire for the
work, no experience as editor:and no wish to leave
my field, I 'promptly declined. Bat as the paper
had ,no responsible editor, and was floundering on
in constant difficulties, the pastoral association, in
April, 1833, made another deliberate onset on me
to persuade me to take 'the paper, and this time,
very reluctantly, I yielded to their urgency. It
may•interest•the present generation of Cincinnati
to know wbo.composed,at that time, the pastoral
association. Of those who met once a week for
counsel, and who managed, church affairs in the
N. S. branch of our denomination, few now 're
main in your city. TheY were Lyman Beecher,
James nuCW.m. ciktillaberi- Asa Mahfin, Profs.'
Biggs,.Baster and Stowe, N. S. Folsom,-Dr. Slack,
Lewis D. Howell, Thomas Cole; Daniel C.-Blood,
.Benjamin Graves, A. F. Morrison, A.-'Brtliard,
J. Spalding, and though last, not least,. as, a ma
nager, F. Y. Vail. Some of these`seldbm attended,
but their places were occasionally filled uphy , the
presence of Father. John Thompson, Gideon-Black
.burne, and. David Nelson, men of blessed memory.
Such were those that "put me into" the edi
torship of the Cincinnatt Journal, and sustained
me in it by their influence and:their pens.
On a Thursday morning in the spring of 1833,
I left my house in Fulton, and with a troubled
spirit went to the Journal office, S. E. corner of
Main and Fifth streets, when Corey and Fairbanks,
the ; proprietors, furnished me with a batch of ex
change papers, and installed me in my hig,h office.
I was 28 years of age only. I had never seen a
newspaper made up, and of the details of 'editing
was profoundly ignorant. I was stunned by the
cry of '"copy!'“copy!” a.nd thought I should ut
terly fail to find material in one day for twelve
mortal columns, to fill the outside pages. When
I came to the inside it was worse still, and I was
heartily sick of myself and the whole concern for
Ake first three or four weeks. But I _was on a
tread-mill, and must keep stepping,' until practice
gave me' sonic skill, and habit made my work tole
rable.
Dr. -Brainerd then proceeds to state that the
Cincinnati Journal, as it was then' called, was esta
bliShed about 182 .1 7 or 1828 1 and was among the
first religious papers published in the great valley.
When he assumed the editorial control, the sub.
seription list was 1,100. In a . year and a half the
list hid risen to abcint 2,000, and by the purchase
of another paper, the
_circulation was increased to
4;000. A juvenile publication was also started,
called 'the Ohara N :, , , pet; the first„fteeording
to Dr. Brainerd's belief, started in tbe of
valley
, ~...
„,... , ,
the West, of whiCh; ,009 copies' Were circu
lated, semi-monthly. ' itie"twelve eolnm'ns of
the first number 'of :this per, Dr. Brainerd wrote
, ...- , .
~ . _
nine. He ths conti nu es:- 4 -
I look back now on'i editorial life i n the` est
with Mingled 4motions: .Asi general thing my li
hors were Cheered by the apprcifiation of good men,
and my office opened tlie , way to friendships, which
-can poly en& with, life. ~,-IsTo man; ever had .more
enthusiasm - for the Wesi, and fewbare ever met
in the sweeter tet
Weat sweehaeflore and confidenee.
, , ,
I failed-viten-1w my , dt4 I dbubtlessilbut under all
the opposition il reeeireefroth'se.ctatian.prejklite, *
and excited philantbroklun wild; I was sustained
by the Conscious as of.good intentions, and, ti
sympathy of the t or, friends. ' . . , '
i l l s
In eltine, 188 ,'' m -
,ife died 4. cholera one
day, and her ehAislidif _ jiime,stic elmost , nn adopted:
daughter, • the rieW , . ‘ • haditi.tils d literrally left
:4eOfdat9i : T. , .:00 1 3:fin ~ ,; inbarknntilJAPl 7 1 g3,9 2 ,
when, .being effected t,, et..uenir.AßlEseyri,til y ,,, A,
hired 34 9 fiyy,..sltara t r; at the rate' ofos - op a
.e4l)e
year, f to conditot4l.6l iiiit my- rettirn.. It'vtis
his , lrsi debtrt itiSiddiOire:and` he (sustained' his
lesponsibilitieS :welli; , !file, world has heap:int him
sinCe• ' ` ` ' 4l 1 • ' ~. • .
In Bray, 1836;tbe iminnati journal, with all
the conflicts of opininif arOtid, and* all the new
papers'started, still:tactabbot three • thousand six
hundredsubseribers. Ppne.thousand twaltindred
of these were le - .KftAtikelEY,l Western,Virginia,
TenneSsee, and .I,:erAerti„ Alabama. The paper
has always been anti-slavery in prineiple, - but Al
ways fraternal in its srit towards the•South e and
the conscience of theittli saistainedit: Tvienty
five years of reftectionOMEetenly confirmed me in
the conviction that thil ;position ;of the paper was
Christian- and wise. ' ,
When I left Your Ma s i :effected ,lo return to
my
, post. 'My name, lepton the paper until
December, but with niVhome in ,the West deso
late by death--- , with, 1 4nfeebled health, - and new
eastern social ties,- I , induced to, give up edi
torial life, and return i 'i pastoral labor, ihicl;from
: my:-connection -w} ''
~' •'.' Beecher in the Secori'd
Church' df ' CineintifiipThted ' never entirely Buil
pended..--•Far neir -, *ity-fire years I had been
the happy; pastor pfiss., f tnithful - and - nffe.ctio,nate
church here, but it .w 4.111 always be my, joy that. -I
Was alloWed, at an eat, period and' in . an humble
degree, to aid in'fornling the . Characters of the mil
lions of the- MightY4West, , and to secure there
friends whose' retiii4rance ,and sympathy have
refreshed my bqaxt ifiFough a quaror,of a cen
tury.. • - . ,i
''Bro. perßabb,liiiS is full of egotism, and
may not meet your i , , tiiii . st. But when' -I `began
this leiter, the past flushed upon me, and I de
termine& to, dot for y,int the ..reeollections which
flashed on my iiiind.'-dMay Gctd bless you and the
Christiart.lieraid.. n. -. ' :Yeiii.friefili, 7'
THOMAS BRAINARD.
P. B.—l ought ay in justice to, those who
established, and sus ned the Cincinnati Journal
by their capital, that . iill the sacrifices of this de
scriPtion Niefehorne"h& th i ent. They paid' me
16'00 dollars a year ifiniply lor" , editing the paper.
THP.L TRUST.
The e
- . .
ample acted conta
reach, of his influende
KiNpumn, Applrris.•;,--,ln my morning Walk,
When I was reminding the Lord of our peed, I
felt assured that he would send help this day.
My assurance sprang Ifroin Our need, for there
seemed 'ne-way to get-through the day without
help being sent: : .After breakfast I considered
whether there was anything Which might be turned
,
into money for the , dear children. Among other
things there came ender' My hands a , number of
religious pamphlets which had been given for the
"benefit of the orPhans,lnitall seemed - not nearly
enough to meet the,necessities the..day. In
this our deep : poverty,, after I had gathered
,toge
ther. the few things for sale, asister, who earns
her bread by the' labor
,of h.ek hands, brought
eighty-two poun'ds. This gam' bad seenit to be
binding .upori belieiers4iii our Lord Jeicis to act
out his commandinents-,-ff Sell that ye have (sell
your possessions) and givetilais,'„,' Lake xii. 33;
and "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon
- earth," Matt: 19: Accordingly,` she had-drawn
-her money out of- the bank and stocks, being two
hundred -and fitly-papnle, and had brought it to
me at three differentAnes, for. the, benefit ufthe
orphans,. the Bible;unir k sionary,-and school fund,
and the poor Saints. unary,
two_ months ago she
brought me one hundred pounds ' more, being the
tirdduce ot seine lather' posseision which she.had
sold;the half of which .was: to be used 'for the
school, Bible„,and mip . tsionary fund, and the other
half for the poorsaints. This eighty-two pounds i
,which she has, brought, to-day is, the produce Of.
the sale of her last `earthly possession [at' the
time I am preparing.this fifth edition' for the press
more than, sixteen, • yeare,have passed away, arid
this sister has never,
,expressed the least, regret as 1
to the step she took; but -zees on quietly laboring
with her hands to earn her lireadj
ADREMENdE TO TELE RULE OrTRITST.---
March 26th.—Ou the 17th of thisrimonth I re
ceived the following•letter from a ; brother mho se
.veral times had been used-by.the Lord as,an in
strument in supplying our neecl„and who also; two
months since, sent thiity`poinds.
"I have =received a little ` aloneyfrom• —•
11aVe you any present need- for , the Institution
under your care 7 I knowlon,,do not ask, except'
indeed of him whose waili you are doing--blit to
answer ,when aiked, seems another thing, and :a
right thing:....lebtivirititilitionfor desiring to know
the "present state'of 'yout.:Abaris towirds the oh
jeets,you&sre Jahoring awe; viz.: , should you
not have need other departments .of the-Lord's
work, .or other people of the,Lerd, may/way:med.'
Ic.indlY then inform tree i 'afld and taWhat amount,
t. e.•, what amount you StAbiS Feint tithe need,
-or can profitably lay out" • •
At the time when this letter came we were in
deed in need. Neiertheless, I considered that,
as I have .hitherto acted, i e telling the Lord
slope about our need) Floodlit to eontinue to do,
as otherwise the principal Object elle work, to
•be a help .to the saiiitagenerally, by •seeking to
lead them to increased, dependence upon God'
.alone, through this, Institution would be-frustrated.,
I answered, therefore,:the letter in substance as
&dews: - •
"Whilst I thank you for your love, 'and vrhilst
I agree with you that, in general, there is a diffe-
Tenets between asking }o r -money and t answering
when asked, nevertheless, in, our ease,.l-feel.not
at liberty to speak about the state of our funds, as
the primary object of the work in Iny Aamis is to
lead those who are weileiviliiith to see that there
is reality in dealing witod alone."
After having sent, off,.rtbe. answer, .I was again
and again led to pray to tbe Lord in this way:--
"Lord, thou knowest that-liar thy sake I did, not
tell this brother about our need. Now ; Lord,
show afresh that there is reality in speaking to
thee only about our needranlapeak,therefore, to
this brother, so . that he may,belp us."
.To-day, in answer to this„ my request, this bro
ther sent me one hundred pounds. Thus have
means for establishing the infant khool; and for
ordering more Bibles, Alio, the orphans are spin
supplied .for a week; for when. the money came
in, there was not % one ,penny in hand for:them.
AN OBJECTIOD! AllswEnp.n.—lt has Seen more
than 'once observed; - that; .such` o ivity of living
must`lead the mind continually to' think Whence
•
;,„ ; " r
, - g+XTROLCTS: „
one a number that
. •-•
, toy upon ,those. within the
food, clothes, etc., are -.to , cote, andso_, - unfit for
,spiritual exernises.. Now, in. the, first place, I an
swer that our minds are very little tried about the
necessaries:of life just beeauie the care respecting
them upon. our Father, :who, becanse we
are k
is_ehroren,, not only allows us to do 'so-but
niill'Act: r ve, up to do .se. SeCondly, it must be re
-our minds` were much
tried"abenttlie supplies for the children, and the
moans for the other work,_ yet because we look to
the Lord alone for these things, we should' Only
be brought by our 'nape's:if need into the presence
of our:Fatber for'the supply of it: l —and that is a
:blessing, andno injury the soul. Thirdly,.-our
souls reakzelhat,'for the glory of V i ed,' and
for'benefit of"thethat
e e church at large iswe
'hive these trials of faith, and that "10 - 0 again - to
God, Week Um' for fresh supplies` of , graee;io be
enabled to - be faitlifullti-this
ti..115110.tr
Mr. Mueller, as his=witerirrise gradually expands
ttoTitzlinitabui galektf'diinentionkl-WIS or Ip'reiterate
,vorit 44iilietio106fotheviMpoilitinter:Ot64/45=101*- ,
mentiasimiti4 brOadly !before •tholiorldilie:rea
v dineas:7ot. adds to help-hie people in earrying' on
hig , work in. the world? siniplest - ,nuiane and
.the aliglitegt I)ossilile madhinery, (for Mr. Mueller
=mikes 'to pretence - of desPiiing Or disedraing'eitlier
altogether,) if accompanied fervent, importlef
,nate,-believing Prayer.- We close with- a single
brief ettract, iu kviiich Mr. M reiterates his pox
=pose inestablishing the Orphan 3 use:
-33ut the fifst and primary objeet Of the work
was to show before the whole world ctnd the whole
church of Christ that, even in these last evil days,
the - living Goal, 1.3 ready to prove hirnielf as the.
lilting Obcl, , by beiiig ever id help, succor,
cdmfort isitd answer the prayers of those who trust
in Min; so that we need, not so away ft:dui Inm to
our fellow men, or'to the ways of the world, see
ing.that he is•both able , and willing to supply us
with all we can need in his service.
Selected (or the American Presbyterian,
PATRIOTS OF 'MK OL±IEN TIME:
HENRY
,
MR/ „Laurens was born at Pharlestor,, Saikth,
daiolifice ) in
_the - Year 1724. :11 - e'WaSiilic'ed early
Witlva- Charleston 111 erchaa to acquire the habits
And usages of business. But soon a Charleston
gentleman, whor was in business in London in
vited him to enter his counting, house and he
Spent some yeare with him as a Clerk: then
returned home, and engaged iivbiisiness on' his
own account. Such were his activity and shrevid
, ness, that at the age of: forty-five he retired from
_business on, a fortune. He raised himself to
high rank and consideration among the peeple of
his native State, not by the mere influence of his
money, but by his high and noble qualities of
mind and character. His early education, though
a verygood one for
. a. business raki,-had -.not, of
course, been a.liberal one • and as he desired his
sons to have the very best advantages after his re
tirement from business, he Went In'England to; su
perintend their education.
• While in -England, he received aaeouats of
trouble and commotion in the colonies. These
rumors, grew more and more alarming, and Mr.
Linrens began to ask what was duty, in the
case? He might have said, that his dlity as a
father, his adianced years and his distance - from
thelitionie-efractia,l4:eiftzarae•-
••ti - •icia
mactiat not such was the reasoning of
his patriotic mind., At home or , abroad, he was
alike ready to sacrifice 'life and fortune, with
everything'else bnearth to the welfare of his coun
try. From his duty to his country no dietance
of time or space could- separate him. His love
for his country was e,qually fervent, in every clime
and tinder every government. He not hesi
tatelong. A 'sincere inquirer after duty never
does. In 1774'he'*as one-of thirty•nine Ameri
cans. who signed "a-'petition to- dissuade parliament
from passing the Boston port-bill. He
,u.sed every
exertion in his power for some months to avert
war; but at last he saw that ,all was in vain; that
war. was inevitable, and that it, only remained for
him to return home and be, found at his post when
the trouble cattle.
As pooh as he got - back to *Charleston, lie was
made'presidPrit of- the Council of Safety; a post
to which no man could attain who did not enjoy
an unusual share of the confidence and respect of
his fellnw citizens. They found that their confi
dence Wae not 'rniipliced; and that ease and lei
slVe had not diniinished his energy or broken up
his laabiti of diligence and attention. In 1776,
he was chosen to the 'Continental Congress, and
was. made president of that bedy in theaatheyear:
.He held this office for two years and on his resig
nation was sent as minister ;Plenipotentiary to
Holland. On the voyage, he was captured by the
'British, and confined in the Tower of Loudon.
Here he suffered close imprisonment for fourteen
months; during which time effort was made
by the - English government to shake his fidelity;
.every Pessible temptation to treason was placed
before him; rank, wealth, power, every, induce
ment was offered hini to declare himself opposed
to the liberty-of America; but all were rejected
with the same quiet; but firm refusal. He was
finally released, and soon-after entered on, his last
public service; being appointed by the Continen
tal-Congress a commissioner to negotiate the treaty
of peace with England. He went to Paris, met
Dr. Franklin -int Mr. Jay, his fellow commis
and settled with them, the
. preliminaries
of the treaty. As soon as the business was CO,lll-
pleted he.returned home. He was received. on his
arrival,with the greatest enthusiasm; being re
garded at oneeas-a ehamtpion and a martyr in the
cause of tfreedom." But his long confinement had
shattered 'ilia healthi.and he felt bin:melt' unfit for
any further active public duties. He therefore
declined the numerous posts of trust and honor
to which he was invited, and retired into' private
life. • He died. about ten -years . , after- in-179'2, at
the age of seventy:
There were few men who having so greata part
in. the .reyolution saw so ,little of its „fruits; and
Laurens'must have felt that he was laboring
for posterity. But true patriotism ceases only with
life, itself; and:the:true patriot's life and fortune
arept the.seivice of his country to the very last.
While.patriotism is valued upon earth, the name
of ,11Emtv LAURENS will be held in honorable re
membrance. •
SHORT SERMONS
John Wesley's ordinary sermons were not more
-than half an hour long. We have seen the same
statement made of , Whitefield, though we know not
on what authority, .as none of his sermons were
exactlyreported. Many of the-most eminent. New
England pastors, of the =last two or three genera
tions, were briefer in, all their public services than
is now commonly supposed. It was a common
practice to ,divide one sermon betvieem the 'tz'O
parts of the day, as in the instance of Dr. Ern-
MODS. Rev. Dr. Strong, of flariford,. often
preached only twenty-one minutes, and never, it
is said, over thirty. Professor Stuart, during his
-effective-ministry in New Haven, was noted as
well for the brevity as for the perspicuity and di
,re'etoess of his'discourses. Our readers can mul
tiply examples -for theinselres. We have heard
it remarked by a competent judge; himself a suc
cessful pastor, that as far' as he had observed, in
general; the ministers who best held their place
in the affections of the same congregation, had
been characterized for brevity in their ministrations.
independent.
Thretigh the infitieneeof the 'Emperor and . Mi l .
pies!, shops in Paris are now shut on the Sabbath to
a great extent. • • '
- .
igAvir OR PROFESSOR BAUR, OF
- . TUBINGEN.
A recent number of, the New York, Staats Zei
haw apprizes, us of the death of:Dr. F. C. Baur,
Professor of Protestant Theology in the 'University
of Tubingen. Though not so celebrated, espe
,cially outside of Germany, and outside of theologi
cal cire,les„as the Chevalier. Bunsen, whose death
has been extensively noticed in, all the leading re
ligious papers of England and America,'Professor
Baur has had a more marked influence on modern
German Theology. , He is the founder of the so
called Tubingen school, which has' gained, a sad
notoriety by .its bold attacks on theanithentieity
of the, books.of the New Testament. - They not
only, reieeteit- 7 4 many' Aatidnalists had done be
foie theina--the *Aline origin= of nearly every
book of-.the Testament, .1)131416o; bye texture
of holittax4.l faneiful.: 11 3p.otheses, WJer1 01 0: tio
construct an entirely novel history of the ancient
Church, suited to their preconceived ideas:
'PI binges' has' always been fi;remost aniong the,
'esinan uniaei idea as: is ritiviery.Of scholarship,
ioo.lirtiMAtYKASA 6 t••rltAtut fount vjOq: .1 - P9qP
alma, and ; soon had.their representatives at several
other universities., ,
The 'founder of' the School was also its most pro
di& writei„andit has been acknowledged on all
, sides, 'that his "works.contain an immense' amount
of ? teeming wortliy of a, better cause, and that
ttnieb n them, is of lasting value. Thus his book
nn the Manicheans, is' generally regarded as having
for the'first tithe' elucidated a most obseure portion
.
of ancierit , Church history. The most important
,among other werlrs are: The Christian. Doc:
trine, of Atonent l enk; The Chridian Doctrine of
the 'Triniit • Paul,the sile of Je.tis Christ •
th 6 Christian eiturch of the First Three' Oman-
Critical'lnvestsgations on the Gospels,. their.
Relation to each other; theiOr rigin and Cha7'acter
4 .Manttal of the Eistory of Christian, Doctrines.
He also, publishes against the celebrated "Symba
iism" Mohler,"two works on the doctrinal diffe
-tenees •bf . Protestariism and Roman 'Catholicism,
, alad:Was for a number of years the editor of the
,altibingq -Theological Journal.
The Tiibingen school ,is not ,likely to' survive
lona the death of its Master. Its progress was
first arrested wherrDr. Straits's, a pupil of Baur's,
...drew the - fast eoniequence of its teachings;by
-maintaining, .in his ":Life, of Jesus;'.' that esus
: himself, as represented ; by,the Gospels, was, only
a tnyth. Then ,the churches and the Protestant
people of Germany began fully to comprebend . the
practical bearing• of what had hitherto' been a
school of seientific•theolOgy, and when Dr. Strauss
was called by the government of Zurich as Pro
fessor of Ohristian Dogmatics in the Zurich Uni
versity, Canton•
versify, the people the rose in revolution,
and - forced the governineht to-revoke the appoint
,
-merit,. Anoiher leading rnan of the school, Dr.
-Sobwegler; died seyeral yeirs age; Dr. Zeller has
been ; appointed to a professorship of philosophy;
and whose able work on the orrp - gin of
(hi old 'attholic Churfli,:was . partlibaped on the
views' o(the Tiibingen school, has'been' led by
mtite:thcirough researehes to abandOn its position
.dltogetber.. -, The!organ- of the patty..the Tublii
„gen„ gitorgwical Jounta4 was disoopti,aped in
185 t. The, recently 4eyelOped rationalism of the
Church of' England' diriyes its inspiration and its
learning frem ;the'. sehoOl of Tiibingen: rn stagy
:of its features, it is'querelY the Tiiblngen theology
The stattling assertions of this sphool lyith.re
garct to t.he doctrmes..egd,ehaza' eler.of
6 .olmktil, hive
called forth ample- arid'most "valuable rantatitrot
on the part of the .ortliodox. th'eologiani •of Ger
many. The Protestant. world owes some -of the
very best exegetical, nd. histericar : worsts to this
controversy. Much light has been shed' on dark
portions of ancient church history, and orthodox
theology lies come out of the hot struggle mach
greater and stronger than. it ,eve,r was before. Ger
xnanyhas ernsrged front this long conflict, strength
enedin .the faith, and supplied with increased re
sources for the defence- of Christfariity.
• The ketitodist.
DISCOVERY OF 'FAULTS
Three things may be said truly of every fatilt
in a professing .Christian; viz.: I. It injures the
Christian himself. 2:-.'ft i is. displeasing and dis
honoring to. God._ 8. It is, likely to injure our
fellow-creatures, especially those we love best.
Therefore,' it should b 6 the earnest desire of every
Christian todiscover alf his faults and , sins, that he
may repent of and correct them'.
It is difficult,,very difficult to know one's -self.
Too many Christians seem more concerned to, dis
cover the faults
.of, others, than ,their .own,' and.
Mere sharp-sighted too; and yet their aim. seems
not to be the improvement of their brethren, but
rather 'the , pleasure of censuring them., David
prayed earnestly to be enabled to discover his se
cret sins, and herein he was wise. Sidi May be
unknown to us whilst apparent to others; and all
sins lie open to the eyes of God.
Out-best friends are those who tell us of ortr
. faults fon our good. The pious Baxter said':. -
".If ever, you would have peace, resolve'sgait*,
sin to the amount of your power. Never ei-
Puse it, or cherish it, or favor it more.' 'Confess it
freely. :Thank those that reprove' you: tor it.
Desire:: hose about you to watch nv.er-you, and tell
'you of it, .though it be evident. .A.ndif you do
not .see so much
. pride,. worldliness, unpeaceable
, ness, or 'other stns 'in, yourself as your friends
think they see in you, y"Ot let their judgment make
-you jealous of your heart, seeing self-love dothso
oft blind ,us, that , we cannot see that evil id our
selves which, others see in us; nay, which all.the
town may take notice of.. And be sure .to engage,
your fnends that theys—al. b 1
not smooth over your
:faiths; or mince them, 'and fell you of them in
extenuating: language; which may hinder convic
tion and repenta.nee,..much less silence, them for
fear of displeasing you ;. but
,that „they will deal
freefy and faithfully With you. And see that' yen
distaste them not, and `discountenance not their
:plain dealing, lest you discourage them„ and 'de-
Trive your-soul of so great benefit. Think best of
those as your greatest friends, who are least friends
„to your sin, and do most fot. your recovery from
Wise iniggestions are these; ,bui nliviously cor
rect : and important as they are, it requires.couside
,rable grace to make us willing to know our fq.ulti.
Straus° as it . surely is, we, have to proceed n:tere
cautiously
,in telling our friends of their - faults
than of their excellencies; althoug,h it is far more
iniportitit-that they should ,be made acquainted
with the, former than with the latter.
,Let us
ask and pray to know ourselves.—Exchange.
THE HOLY SPIT= GIVEN AFTER
' 4 cHave ye received - the Holy Ghost since ye be-
Heved 1" Acts xix,2. •
,Cod gives us,the Spirit at first, to conv s ince us
- .
- of our need of Christ, lead us , to Christ, and ena
ble us to find salvation - in Christ. Afterwards the
Holy Spirit is given more fully to reveal Christ,
_to lead us into, closer fellowship with Christ, and
to make, us happy in "Chri4 He takes -up his
dwelling in us as the joy-inspiring, peamimpart
ing, confidence-producing; Spirit. lie brings us
from under the law, , and places us under the gos
pel. He shows us-that , there isn fulness of joy in
. Jesus, and-that, it is there For us; and that it is our
~privilege to be. bappy,—happy under all circum
stances, as it is written, "Rejoide in the Lord al
way; and again I say, Rejoice." He sets up God's.
.kingdoin in our hearts, whickis !'righteousness,
_peace, And joy in the, goly. Ghost." 'Anse who
received this hies* A r e said to be ",full- joy
and of the Holy Ghost." The " fruit of_the Spirit
•is jpi." believers, though persecuted,
23:—Whole No. 240.
tried, and tempted, it is written, " Whom, basing
not seen, ye lore; in whoni, though now ye see
him not, yet, believing, ye rejoice with jolt un
speakable and full of glory." " After that ye be
lieved, ye Were sealed with that Holy Spirit of
promise."-Heavenly Father, give us the Com
forter in fulness and power! BlesSed Spirit, take
full possession' of us, act iu us, and raise us above
our sins, doubts, fears, and sorrows, and fill us
with joy and peace_in believing. Holy Jesus, give
the Spirit anew to all thy believing people, that
they may be strongin faith', active in duty, patient
in tribulation,-peaceful in trouble, courageous in
the prospect, of death, and may anticipate thy glo
dous advent witlit,unspeakable delight.
, .
,W.Fiv.am I not more nsefulas a Sabbath-school
.teacher? Why. do the members of my class re
main, to all • appearance, unimpressed by divine
• tritil;? . 'Why dii I inattuet my scholars Sabbath
-rafter_ Sal?bathyiatill *air- after yearovithout per
ceiving,any fruitas thezesult of my exertions? Such
are the questions which many a dispirited teacher
often propeundi.io'himself, andperhaps to others,
without receiving; as he supposes, any satisfactory
'. reply. ' Aadyet uridoubtedly these interrogatories,
in the great maj'erity Of instances, admit of a ready
and correct answer. Nor is any elaborate iuvesti-
gation necessary, for discovering the solution of the
.problem. It is folly to dig deep in order to find
'what lies Upon - the Surface of things. It is super
fluons'to consult friends with a view to obtain in
formation which the oracnlar voiceof an enlightened
conscience would teach us, did we but heed its
monitions. Many of us who are engaged in the
work of Sabbath-school instruction might truly
say,
a, each for himself; "I am not More decidedly
usefUl to my class, because I am not more holy—
perhaps, because I am not holy at all."
Holiness is unquestionably the prime qualifica
tion of the Sabbith-school teacher, as indeed it is
of every Christion—the grand, indispensable re
qUisite for moral usefulness. He must be heartily
and practiCally pious, in order to be useful, and he
will be useful in a direct priportion to his personal
piety. Holiness and usefulness arc the measures
of one another. And certainly, in view of the
established principles of the divine government,
we could hardly expect that God would, as an
ordinary rule, sanction even the benevolent exer
tions of. in =holy individual, in such a sense as
to render them available to the spiritual welfare
of others. A truly good man will be useful, in a
greater or less degree, by an inevitable necessity.
- As a fragrant flower exhales its delicious aroma
in obedience to the very laWs of its constitution,
snithe genuine - child and servant of God will ine
vitablydiffuse around him a saint!' ry moral influence.
Wherever.he goes, be will carry with him an at
mosphere of holiness—an "odor of sanctity"
---,which' few of. those with whom he comes •into
tdaily. 'Contact will entirely fail 'to perceive. Men
will take knowledge of .him, that he has been with
jesus, agd.that he has learned .of him. As they
gaze upon his sanctified character, they will be led
to feel hoa r useful, and, at the same time, how
lovely virtue is.
The Sabbath:schoolteacher, when he appears
,before his class on •each successive Sabbath, is
subjected, to a silent but a searching ordeal,which
he ivd r iilido Well not to forget; The criticism of
a dOzalor there bright youlw eyes is not to be
ocin* veil .(lhildhood - proverbially shrewd
and ,penetrating, and ,
I =y a little creature who
1.-y - ami cr
xtrococl I A estranypowey 11l IllU Uga
at all, is quite ap acenrate reader of character, Not
only are our schnhirs'able to tell in many instances,
with an absolute correctness, whether we are under
the .practical influence of the truths and principles
which we so sedulously inculcate upon them, but
they can measure, with considerable certainty, the
degree •in which they exercise their legitimate
transforming power over our hearts and lives. To
conceit from their knowledge our moral excellences
or inconsistencies, we will iind equally impossible.
"What:manner of persons, then ought we to be,
, in all holy conversation and godliness?"
"The 'Religious Press (of the South) advocate seces
nion and dissolution." —Exchange Paper.
This is a very great mistake. No Presbyterian
paper of the South, and none of any other church
—so far as our .knowledge extends, has pursued
this course. The only exceptions to this state
ment ire in'the different religious papers of South
Carolina, which, since the secession of that State,
have expressed theiraynovil.of the act and their
sympathy with The ne government • This is an
advocacy ex, post facto, and is :very different from
the' course desaribed above.
- A careful' effort has been made to represent our
ita Of thechurch as occupying an insulated
position m its opposition to the evils of slavery.
Our Old School friends at Princeton, in Brooklyn
and elsewhere, should look to the orthodoxy of
their own brethren on this peculiar institution
and its champions in South Carolina. Dr. J. G.
Monfort, editor of the Presbter (Old School or
gan) Cincinnati, says:—
"In the acknowledgment of the leaders of the .
se
cession movement, we learn that the perpetuity and
extension of slavery are the prizes of their success.
Such a course cannot succeed. 'He that sitteth in
the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall hold them in
derision.' There may rightly be subordinate and
servile classes, but he 'has simply no moral sense'
who does not see the injustice, of American slavery.
It is a system that robs man, who was made in the
image of God, of his lordship over the creatures,
and puts him on the invoice of personal property,
with horses and hogs, with turnips and tobacco.
A giant warrior once said, that in the issues of
war, the moral is to the physical as three to one.
If .we are to have civil war for such a cause, the
North being physically at least three to one may
be reckoned morally, as nine-fold the superior of
the South. When the conflict comes, slavery will
:have few friends at home or in the North.
There is one point to which every patriot should
give,. heed. The great question is, hew far has the
Constitution been,violated North or South? The
governmeni should set its face like a flint against
all nullification or rebellion on either side of Ma
son and Dixon's line. The whole power of the
government should be employed, at any expense
of blood and treasure, in administering the laws,
the fugitive slave law, the revenue laws, and all
other laws. The attempted secession of South
Carolina may, in this way, very greatly strengthen
the government, and the victorious supremacy of
the 'powers that be,' as God's ordinance, may greatly
invigorate the moral sense of the age, and the
good fruits may accrue to generations yet unborn.
Practical Christianity.—Some years ago there
vras a dry-goods firm in New York who made thou
sands of dollars every year by selling a certain kind
of fine cloth, used only for covering billiard tables.
After a time one of the firm said to the other, "How
do you feel about selling goods for such a purpose?"
"I am not satisfied about it, and think we had better
give it up." "Agreed," said the other, and from
that day not another yard was sold by them.
"' The Late Duke of Norfolk.—lt is rumored that
the late Duke of N . orfolk hhs left a legacy of £lO,OOO
to the Pope. The income of the deceased nobleman
was about X,80,000 a year, of which, it is said, be
gave aWay 430,000, principally toward the support
of religious institutions connected with the. Roman
Catholic Church.
ZEE .DTSPIRITgp TEAcluit.
THE SOUTHERN RELIGIOUS PRESS.
OLD SCHOOL VIEWS
JaMes Smith.
N. C. Presbyterian