PAGE SEVEN
Coal Strike
Consquenees
University Park, Pa., We
are close enough to the ragged
edge that a long coal strike in
the United States could push
the entire world over into
economic disaster, a Penn
sylvania State University
professor says.
Dr. John D. Ridge, professor
and head of the Department of
Economic Geology and
Mineral Economics, points out
that a lengthy strike would cut
the amount of energy produced
in this country by about one
third, a situation we could not
tolerate for any considerable
amount of time.
The two industries which
would be most immediately
affected by the strike, which
began last Tuesday, are steel
and automobiles, according to
Dr. Ridge, who estimates that
a six-week strike would add
roughly one million persons to
the ranks of the unemployed.
"The layoffs would occur
primarily among suppliers to
the auto manufacturers„' he
continues. "Power companies
Rather Reports
In Harrisburg
by Fred Prouser
soon found himself without
a scholarship.
To remedy the situation,
he took a job at radio
station KSAM in Huntsville
Texas at forty cents an
hour. He kept the station
on the air Saturdays and
Sundays, while the owner,
a Baptist minister was out
circuit riding bringing God
to the country folks.
Speaking candidly about
his profession, Rather em
phasized that "a lot that
happens to you in journal
ism, whether you want to
be a writer or reporter, is
accidental." He warned the
students to "be prepared to
have an up and down
career." He stated that he
just happened to be in the
right place at the right
time.
Although journalism is a
glamorous profession, Mr.
Rather stressed that the
top layer of journalism is
• very thin, mentioning Wal
t,' ter Cronkite and James
O Reston as mentors in the
electronic and print me
w
• diums respectively.
Speaking to the students
.0 on journalism as a lifetime
o profession, he believes that
f. you must be addicted to
journalism to do well. He
stated , "you must allow it
Assn. in to consume
, -
you, other
wise your chances for
success are small."
i f .••••• ••• • •••••••••••• There was a brief ques
• SORRY THAT THERE ' S
• =lion and answer period
• "READER ASKS" THIS ISH. • following Mr. Rather's
•• speech in which a number
WE DID THE INTERVIEWS, • f
o di
Dan Rather, intrepid CBS
newsman, who was White
House correspondent dur
ing the Nixon Administra
tion, spoke last Friday
night to a crowd of 400 high
school journalists of the
Pennsylvania School Press
Association in Camp Hill.
Speaking about himself,
a native Texan, Rather
related his early career at
Sam Houston State Teach
ers College where he was
enrolled in the journalism
program under a football
scholarship. Admitting that
he wasn't exactly up to his
coaches expectations, he
Pa. School Press
Harrisburg, on Nov. 15
6of topics were lscusse(
• AND THEN DISCOVERED • When asked how sources
:THAT THERE WAS NO FILM It were obtained in the
lIN THE CAMERA. • • waning days of the Nixon
WELL, THAT'S SHOW—BIZ/: administration, Rather said
011 _ 12* "0411••••••••••••••••••ip there were decent men
within the Administration
yeetext•9 54, ed ae who cared more about their
coiintry,"so they decided
we're still waiting! to talk. He felt it "was a
matter of conscience for
the most part,"that allowed
some of the Palace Guard
write soon!
might not be affected as
quickly. Although the exact
amount of their coal stocks is
not known, they have been able
to build up their reserves
because they are supplied by
'captive' mines. They probably
could keep going for months
rather than weeks, par
ticularly if they reduced their
power commitments
gradually".
American coal is currently
exported to Japan and to
Western Europe, where West
Germany is the principal
market. Japan would be
seriously affected by a
prolonged strike since she
could not easily find new
energy sources, Dr. Ridge
notes.
One factor adding to the
uncertainty of the present
situation is the United. Mine
Workers president, Arnold
Miller, who is an unknown
quantity in the negotiations,
the first he has conducted.
"In the days of John L.
Lewis, it was possible to
C.C. READER
predict how he would react to a
particular situation", Dr.
.Ridge points out, "but no one
knows for sure what Miller will
do".
Dr. Ridge believes that
ultimately the answer to the
world's fuel problems lies in
finding new energy sources,
either through greater use of
nuclear energy or the har
nessing of the fusion reaction.
"Cutting energy con
sumption in hdlf to make what
we have last twice as long", he
says, "can only give us 20 or 30
years at best, and during that
time, we would be living under
most unpleasant conditions.
"Conservation isn't not using
something. It is making the
absolute most efficient use of
what you have and depending
on technology to find other
things to substitute when that's
gone. If technology can't come
up with the answers, well, the
dinosaurs couldn't adapt, and
they disappeared. If we can't
adapt, we won't survive
either".
to speak candidly against
the Administration.
This reporter questioned
Mr. Rather on his new role
as anchorman for CBSSpe
cial Reports. When asked if
he would continue bringing
investigative documentar
ies to the public in the
tradition of Edward R.
Murrow, he stated that
"there will never be another
Edward R. Murrow, nor will
there be another series like
Edward R. Murrow's, " but
that he would try to bring a
new dimension to TV
documentaries.
.....Irity
( t. 11
including signing •
trappings,
autographs
THE NEXT ISSUE OF THE
READER WILL FEATURE
A SECOND ODYSSEY TO
UNIVERSITY PARK. i 4
THIS TINE, YOUR IN
TREPID
4.
REPORTERS,
$:
PROUSER & BOLLINGER,
BRAVED THE CHILL,
WINTRY WINDS OF THE
NORTH TO BRING TO YOU,
OUR LOYAL READERS, A
SPECIAL PHOTO-ESSAY
ON BAND DAY, 1974.
IN THE DEC. 6 ISSUE
OF THE C.C. READER!!!
PROFS RETURN
TO SCHOOL
College Station, Texas [IP]
Instructors at Texas A&M
University have been going
back to school to learn to
be better teachers. They
use a process called an
Enhanced Teaching Work
shop which was developed
and is being conducted by
Dr. Glenn Johnson of the
Educational Curriculum
and Insturction Depart
ment.
Several techniques, such
as interaction analysis and
micro-teaching, allow a
teacher to examine his
instructional methods in
detail. Videotape record
ings of five or 10-minute
simulated classroom in
struction periods are made
by each professor in the
department's micro-teach
ing laboratories. Teachers
viewing the videotapes are
not only able to see
themselves as others see
them, but also observe the
actual reactions students
have to the presentations.
Interaction analysis is
the development of a
10-category observation
system so that any verbal
statement made in a
classroom by a teacher or
student could be identified
every three seconds and
recorded for further analy
sis.
"If one accepts the idea
that teaching involves
communication between
people, one being referred
to as the teacher, then we
can study one part of the
teacher's interaction with
students and train people
ta4vanalyze this phase of
instruction,"Dr. Johnson
explained.
"The real payoff is that it
gives teachers and object
ive system with which to do
some self analysis of their
teaching styles," he con
tinued. "Before an instruc
tor just had to guess, often
incorrectly, as to how
effective he was in verbal
interaction with students
just off the top of his
head."
The 10 categories are
divided into teacher talk
and student talk. Teacher
_..
SHREWD
BUSINESSMEN
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C.C. READER
For information, contact
Ken Hession 787-1663
or
944-58
NOVEMBER 22, 1974
talk is further split into
direct and indirect influ
ence. The instructor, using
indirect influence, either
praises, accepts feelings of
students, uses ideas of
students or asks ques
tions. Direct influence in
cludes lecturing, giving
directions and criticizing.
Student talk has two
categories: response and
initiation. Response is an
answer to a teacher's ques
tion. The other is a
student's spontaneous
contribution. The final se
lection is silence or confu
sion:pauses, short periods
of silence and periods of
confusion in which com
munication cannot be un
derstood by the observer.
In reviewing a lecture by
means of a video playback,
an instructor can classify
his and the class' ques
tions and answers. Using
the 10 categories he can
tell how close he came to
achieving the goals he set
for the teaching period.
"No single technique is the
complete solution to effec
tive teaching," Johnson
pointed out.
Teacher response to the
course has been complete
ly positive. Such accolades
as "extremely worthwhile"
and "bubling with enthu
siasm" have been attached
to the course. "I'd like to
see some sort of funding
that would allow us to run a
center for the improvement
of college teaching,"
Johnson declared. "With
this program it would be
possible to really put them
through the total process,
so that it would become a
part of their teaching
behavior. It takes a full 15
hours, of training in inter
action analysis to become
more responsive to student
ideas."
"And, the immediate
feedback from videotape
recorders, supervisors,
students and colleagues
provides a critique of the
lesson which will help the
teacher constructively
modify his behavior,"
Johnson concluded.
Long after the holiday decora
tions have been taken down, the
good works made possible by
"..INICEF cards go on.
UNICEF provides urgently
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supplies for the children of over
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UNICEF cards cost no more
than ordinary cards and are among
the most beautiful and varied
available. This year's catalogue lets
you choose either contemporary
artists' designs or magnificent
museum reproductions. all express
ing the holiday spirit of universal
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Plan to give the world a little
help. Send for your free color
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