NEW YORK.
I
Designs For Costumes That Have Be
come Popular in the Metropolis. .
Nw York Citt (Special). There
iu nerer been season when so many
ninmer gowns, or rather the style of
gowns associated with tlie summer
SOUSB OOWy OF PBRKCn TLANNEL,
TBIMHBD WITH VELVET RIBBON.
season, hare been made np for winter
wear, declares Harper's Bazar. The
light silks are to be used all throngh
the winter of conrse not for street
wear whib some heavy silks, satins,
erepons, are trimmed with white lace,
mad have quite as light and airy an
effect as though tbey were intended to
wear in Jnly and August. For street
wear, black and brown a warm shade
of brown are considered especially
fashionable oolors. The most stylish
house gowns are made of Frenoh flan
nel. But never before at this time of
year have so many light groya and tan
cloths been made np. Indeed, all the
tyles of dreas this year are on a most
elaborate and expeusive scale, and it
requires considerable thought and in
genuity for the woman with a moder
ate income to dress according to the
latest fashion dictates. Fortunately
there are a good many styles in every
sort of gown, whether for street or
house, that are attractive and quite
ineonspicuous, and these are the best
to choose from where economy has to
WONDERFUL IN CUT A
le considered, while in the black gown
the difforcnt methods of trimming
work a transformation in the too som
bre and workaday look that a cheap
LLack gown so often possesses.
Waists Wonderful la Oat.
Truly wonderful are the designs,
Ixjtb. of fabric and cut, of the new
evening waists whioh made their first
vppearanoe at the Horse Show. Two
o the most notable examples are
ahown in the large engraving. Al
though niuoh of the material from
-which they are made comes from the
factories of the old world and some of
the garments fashioned ere upon
.French models, yet there are many
exceedingly handsome one made
bere.
Ae modish as any are those made of
aatiu, but not of a heavy variety, and
thus the fulness of a waist ia allowed
to fit gracefully on the figure. This
ia tnoked, straight, in squares, in
diamonds, or hemstitched and drawn.
One of the new embroidered styles
ia made in white mauve and cream.
The embroidery is open and loose,
and through it is shown a lining of
!oth of gold. The atyle of this waist
is really a blouse, but is open at the
front and filled in with knots of mous
aehne de soie or chiffon. The eollars
tire bands of crushed silk, and the re
markable little jeweled buttons which
. tihiee through the filmy ruches of
nbiffon whioh edge "all things" add
not a little to the general effect.
"Mmnra and other delicate shades of
lilae are much used.
Into these waists are inserted yokes
or vests, often collars of a plain con
trasting shade or white, with Persian
colors in fantastio figures. A new
hade of blue whioh ia light, but not
baby blue, is another material
which is aeon in a smart waist.
Not the least fascinating are the er
qniwite blouses of guipure laoe.
These are made entire, without lining,
and made to slip over any t'olii lining.
One illustration shows a new style
of silk whioh comes in one piece a
ekirt-length, it is called. This has an
applique of mousseline de soie which
m embroidered in neutral shades and
aut pattern. The silk differs from
the material usually employed ia
FASHIONS.
waists, inasmuch as it is soft and
thin, almost transparent.
Simple Slilrt-waUt Model.
The Czarina shirt-waist, notwith
standing its title, is a simple model
that is suitable for making up almost
any pretty fabric, but a particularly
takiug one included in the handsome
trousseau of an autumn bride is made
of amethyst velvet and heliotrope silk.
It is formed with a deep yoke at the
back. There is a wide plait down the
front, whore tho waist fastens with
pearl and amethvst studs. Thn hunt
of the waist is very closely fitted, the
nieeves close coat shapes, witu velvet
cuff's, and the fronts droop a little at
the belt.
The Pnpnlsr Handkerchief.
"The hemstitched handkerchief is
always popular," said the man behind
the handkerohief counter in one of
the great linen houses. "Scalloped
borders are also in fairly good de
mand, but the hemstitched, embroid
ered handkerchiefs are in the lead.
They range in price from $2.25 to
$5.75 a dozen, and we ore offering
three different sizes variously em
broidered. The initials on the hand
kerchiefs are not sb much used as
formerly, though many orders come
in for the single letter. Some women
prefer to have their full name em
broidered in the corner."
Desirable Dree Fabric
Among the new expensive novelty
weaves in dress fabrics are those with
a rongh surface, but a firm undorweave
whioh prevents the material from
stretching or breaking at the waist
seams. The surface is broken by la
teral linos of chenille or narrower vol
velvet woven in a raised design. The
crinkled effect is greatly enhanced by
the extreme silkiuess of the fabric,
which emphasizes the deeper black of
the chenille or velvet stripes.
Plain Betting For Kmeralda.
Most poople consider emeralds must
be surrounded with diamonds to bring
out their beauty, but a big square
emerald owned by one woman who is
fond of the rich, green stones is in a
a perfeotly plain setting, square cut,
as emeralds are, and is beautiful in
its soft velvety richness.
tfow the Hats Are Worn.
Hats are worn in Paris and Now
HE THE NEW V7ATST3.
York very far forward of the face
The new style of arranging the
coiffure whioh brings it high up in the
back means that the hat shall be worn
over a full roll in front, not pompa
dour, but a soft arrangement in whioh
the hair extends very widely at the
sides. The hat itself extends far over
the face, that is not down, but up
ward at least from three to four indies
beyond the lines of the face, that is to
say the new pointed, round bats,
toques and other styles whioh are
being shown.
The turban must be poised suffi
ciently high, and though the hair is
being parted aud worn apparently
softer, there is do squat or flat
tendenoy permitted. The forward
inclination of the hat gives a rakish
aud peouliar, but graceful turn to the
entire appearauoe when not pushed
too far. The eutire outlines of dress
have an attenuating effect. The idea
is to make the woman appear taller,
VfRU NEW VI TORE HAT.
more slender, wlllovy and graceful.
The lifting of 1! e hat and pushing it
forward h th s effect and heightens
tbigeuera! tfj-elk-hie idea.
mmm
MODERN CITY OF MIDAS.
THE INCALCULABLE WEALTH OF THE
JOHANNESBURG RICION.
The Ultlnnrtera Have Mailt In the Trn
vaal Derert Such m City as Wonlil Do
Credit to Any CIvllltedCountrT Win
Trained After Fulegmatla lloer. '
Almost in the centre of the great,
undulating, desert-like plains north
of the Vaal River on which some six
thousand sturdy Dutch farmers estab
lished themselves after the great exo
dus, or "treok," cf 1830, stands the
city of Johannesburg.
In the midst of a wilderness, almost
trackless, devoid of trees, a huge
tableland six thousand feet above the
sea-level, on which the semitropical
sun beats down and the clouds de
scend, belching torrents for which the
name of rain is far too feeblo, rises,
like Aladdin's palace, a majestic
tcodorn city, alive with energy, elec
tricity and buBtle. It is thronged
with vigorous humanity in breathless
pursuit of wealth. It harbors nearly
two hundred thousand persons of more
than ordinary aotivity. It is a) hive
of bnsy workers without a drone. An
oasis of intellect in a desert of dull
sqnatters, a ' mighty metropolis com
pared with which the colonial capitals,
Cape Town and Pictermaritzburg or
the Port of Durban, are as Pensaoola
to Chicago. Such is Johannesburg,
the one spot in the tiny South Afrionn
Bepublio which makes that quaint lit
tle nation of supreme importance to
the whole world, for the posnessiou of
which the bloid of thousands may be
spilt, and which has fooused upon the
arid plains of the Transvaal the covet
ous eyes of powerful nations.
Although this mushroom city, until
recently hundreds of miles from the
nearest railroad, was only marked off
by stakes driven into the unbroken
veldt and dignified with the title of a
township on the 20th of September,
1880, it has to-day hundreds of sub
stantial and artistio stone and marble
buildings, many miles of well-paved
streets, palatial club-houses, magnifi
cent mansions, a majestic stock ex
shange, .five first class theatres and
opera houses, hotels with elegant ac
commodations for thousands of guests,
stately churches, hospitals, museums,
electrio street railroads, raoe traoks
and polo grouuds, with an nndue pro
portion of gambling houses which are
wide open night and day all the year
round.
There is a misapprehension in tho
minds of many that Johannesburg is
merely a mining, camp, a rough and
tumble collection of diggers' shanties,
a sort of seinitropicnl Klondike. This
was so not more than ten years ago,
when all the buildings were of corru
gated iron whioh had been carted over
hundreds of miles of trackless veldt
on huge ox teams; but since the rail
road connecting Johannesburg with
Cape Town was completed, in 1893,
the town has compared favorably with
any of our flourishing Western cities
having about the samo number of in
habitants. INCALCULABLE WEALTH.
Johannesburg is built upon "Tom
Tiddler's Ground." Beneath it is
buried perhaps more of the preoious
metal than the whole world ever saw.
From the mines within a radius of
twenty miles from Johannesburg
Market Square was taken last year
more gold than the whole continent of
North America produced, more than
was won from the entire continent of
Australia, and hundreds of times as
much as the Klondike has yioldod up
to date. Tho record of the Wit
wutersrand reef, over which Johan
nesburg is built, is already more
than forty million ounces of gold,
worth over 8800,000,000, and it is
known that at least $1,000,000,000
worth remains to be extracted.
On the spot where now stands
Johannesburg, in the summor of 1855
was one solitary hut, inhabited by a
Boer named Johannes Bozuidenhut.
It is from this phlegmatia aud illit
erate Dutch farmer that the town
takes its name.
(The nearest habitation to Johannes'
hovel was probably ten miles away,
for tho Boers are an unsociable race,
and should a neighbor crowd on them,
establishing a home within a mile, the
first occupaut will merely grunt,
gather together his belongings, and
"treck," or move away. At this time
there was a rush on the newly dis
covered DeKaap gold fields, and hun
dreds of eager prospectors passed ovor
the Witwatersraud, or White Water
Bidge, on their way to Barberton aud
Kouiati, little dreaming of its marvel
ous riches. Bezuidenhut sat outside
his shanty, sullenly refusing informa
tion or sheltor, after the manner of
the Boers, to the swarm of gold-seekers
who flocked by. But one of them,
an Englishman named Fred Struben,
had observed indications on a farm
called Sterkfontein as early as Janu
ary, 1881, whioh made him liugor at
"the Baud."
Long previous to this a Dutchman,
one JanMarais, had huutod for gold
in the Witwatersrand in spots where
the soil resembled that of the Austral
ian diggiugs, and upon his announc
ing the presence of the precious metal
the Boer Governuieut, in 1854, gave
him five hundred pounds to keop Lis
secret and sent him back to Holland.
They did not want to be overrun by an
invasion of foreigners, or "Uit
landers," as all straugers are termed.
Fred Struben, now one of the richest
men in the world, told the writer of
the story of his discovery of the world's
richest gold fields in these words:
"Ou the seoond day of my prospect
ing ou the Sterkfontein farm, to the
west of the range, I found a reef i.liow
iug gold whioh assayed on the surfuoe
six pennyweights, and at fifty feet hod
improved so much that some of il
showed two ounces.
"Early iu April, 1881, I first came
across some water-worn pebbles on
the very highest parts of the range,
and I felt sure that the whole country
must have been at oue time sub
merged. This naturally led me to
think that there must be conglomerate
beds or drifts in the neighborhood
whioh iniqbt carry gold, as in other
purts of the world had been the case.
It was not until Maroh, 1885, that 1
struck beds of the 'blanket' formation,
of a nature which hitherto had not
been knowu ia Africa. I showed
these conglomerate beds to several
people, among them a well-known ex
pert, who only laughed. My brother
and I crushed fifty tons, however, and
lol they gave eight pcanyweights to
the ton."
Such was the beginning of Ihe
South African gold fever. Within o
few months the Band was overrun by
enthusiastic, determined and penni
less gold-seekers, capitalists from the
recently discovered diamond fields ol
Kimberly, adventurers from England
and the colonies, and all classes ol
men from all parts of the world. Tin
Boer Oovernmeut took no action con
cerning the new gold-fields uutil July
18, 1836, when it proclaimed and
threw open nine farms.
In November, 1887, there were sixty
eight mining companies with a capital
of $15,000,000. In January, 18U0,
there were five hundrod and forty gold
mining companies established there
with an aggregate capital of 335,000,
000. Steadily the output increaued
until, in May, 1802, one hundred thou
sand ounces were taken from the mines.
The monthly output has since reached
nearly fives times that amount, the
output for August, 189i, being 482,
108 ounces.
GOLD BEEFS OF THE WITWATERSRAND.
The gold that was first discovered
at the Band cropped out of the ground
iu a series of live, parallel reefs vary
ing in thickness from one inch to four
feet, the distance between the south
ernmost and the northern reef averag
ing oue hundred and fifty feet. The
original claims were 400x150 feet, the
latter dimensions east aud west along
the reefs, the former north and south
bo as to take in all the live outcrops.
A fact which makes Ihe Band the
greatest gold-field in the world was not
known then. It was not for two oi
three years that the true formation of
the gold-bearing veins was discovered.
When it was at length found
that the veins after descending
to a depth of about two thousand feet
curved off in a southerly direction,
forming, as it were, one side of a
barin, and continuing at that level
practically an indefinite distance, tho
whole world ' went wild ovor tho
riches of the Witwatersrand. This
was as groat a surprise to old and
experienced miners as the first dis
covery of the gold was to the sleepy
Boers.
Hundreds of claims were poggod
out to the south of the outcrop
claims, thousands of shafts were sunk
to a depth of 2000 feet, always to find
tho rich conglomerate deposits. Hun
dreds of new companies were formed
to work the deep levels at a distance
of miles south of the outcrop.
A craze to find the other side of
this marvelous basin also Beized tho
people. It was argued, with some
semblance of reason, that perhaps
hundreds, nay thousands of milon
away, the southern edge of the basin
should reach tho surface, and fortune
seekers pouetrated where the foot of
white man had never before stood.
This craze aidod the formation of the
British South Africau Chartered
Company. It was largely respousiblo
for the support which, has been given
to the expansive plans of Cecil Rhodes.
Tho Government buildings are still
little better than barn. The post
office is a little one-story shanty,
where the residents must call for
their mail. The Government, though
it collects the heaviest taxes iu tho
world, gives no such return for the
money as free delivery of letters. Iu
spite of every obstacle placed in the
way of improvements, the Uitlanders
have built iu the heart of the Trans
vaal desert such a city as would do
credit to any civilized country.
Such is the past history oi Johan
nesburg, the gem of the Transvaal,
and yet the Boers will probably
wreck and ruin this modern oity of
Midas. Philadelphia Saturday Even
ing Post.
An Artlllulnl Food Product.
Experiments in German hospitals
with an albumiuous powder culled
"tropou,"a substitute for meat, have
been so satisfactory that it is likely to
become au article of commerce. It is
claimed that one pound of tropon is
equal in nutritive value to five pounds
of meat or one hundred eggs, and its
cost is only seventy cents. The hos
pital patients liked the tropou so well
that nearly all of thorn preferred it to
meat. It is now being used as an in
gredient of various foods, as, for ex
ample, in Hour, a roll containing five
per ceut. of the powder equaling in
nutritive value five eggs or half a
pound of meat. It is noedless to en
largo upon the future of tropon, if
thero has boon no exaggeration iu
tho accounts of the experiments with
it. Tho iuventor is a professor at
Bonu. The Merchauts' lleview.
A Klondike Cl'lino Cure.
A returned Klondike!1 Bays that
Dawson City has adopted a uovel aud
eU'ectivo cure for crime. It is a mon
ster wood pile, and it is enough to
awe tho most hardened ofibudor. A
man convicted of any offense is com
pelled to saw wood. He paws ten
hours a day steadily, day aftor day,
until hio sentence expires. He must
s.v.v regardless of tho weather. In
the most intense oold, tho hardest
rain, the iiorcost snowstorm, he in
compelled to continue sitwiug, and if
the day has not ten hours of light,
lanterns ore provided to enable him
to put in n full dtiy. When the pile
cf tawed wood begins to get low tho
authorities sentence men to sawing
for veiy slight offenaes, and the ro
siill is that everybody behaves for fir
of (jetting a dose of sawing. Omu.hu
lieu.
An KudleKH Mtljjttct.
Cue of the loaders of the Gretna"! )
Chautauqua iu Maine is Dr. Lewis S.
Jamea, a scholar who beneath a quiet
exterior veils considerable huuior.
At the recent summer session of that
famous institution there were lecturers
numberless Irom all over tho world.,
Meeting a friend, the Doctor uekol
him Ir.nr ho was enjoying himself.
"Finely, up to yesterday, when I
heard J'lofessor X."
"Didu't he lecture v.ell?"
"Not at all. He simply told us
what he didn't know."
"Jj ho still talking?" queried the
Doctor as he walked away. PhiladuU
phia Saturday Evening Post.
Komu-ne of nn Ablo Unlor.
Tho leiuaius of a gijantio prehis.
torio a'liual, whioh naturalists at
Suuta 1, M. M , are unable to class
ify, bus been found at Tcaiique, Its
upper jaw con. lata of twenty layers
of bonea overlapping eaoh oluer, eaoh
providoJ witU twelve teeth like hu
man uolavs.
POPULAR SCIENCE.
Contrary to popular belief, excite
ment causes much loss insanity than
monotony.
According to Liebig, tho alkali in
asparagus develops form in the hu
man brain.
Professor Dewar has succeeded in
solidifying hydrogen iuto a glassy,
transparent mass.
Lord Kelvin in a lecture stated tha
as a result of recent investigation it
was estimated that the earth had
been the abode of lifo about thirty
million years.
Italian physicians have satisfied
themselves that the mosquitoes whioh
abound in Venice never oonvey tho
poisou of malaria because it is not
found in the marshes of the vioinity.
An expedition consisting entirely
of women has been formed in Aus
tralia .to. ftxploro,tko Solomon Islands,
the home of the fiercest cannibals
known. Hitherto white men have
been able to penetrate only a few
miles inland.
Increasing experience, according to
Dr. Hutchinson, coufirms the view
that cancer begius as a strictly local
disease, and that complete removal at
nn early stage will onre eighty per
cent, of all cases. Thus far all search
for a drug has failed.
A series of experiments made by
Benno Erdmaun and Baymond Dodgo
show that in normal reading the let
ters are not spelled out separately
and one after the other, but that a
short word of not more than four let
ters cau be read off in less time than a
single letter.
In the summer the Northern Hem
isphere is turned more perpendicu
larly toward the sun, .hence it in
warmer iu, summer than iu winter,
when that hemisphere is turned more
sideways to the sun. In the summer
tho earth is more distant from tho sun
than in winter.
Some iuoense bushes, now iu full
leaf, are a unique treasure of the
Botanical Garden of the Vienna Uni
vorsity. The secret of where these
plants grow is carefully guarded by
the Arabs, but Dr. Oskar Simony
sucoedod last winter in getting these
live specimens in Southern Arabia.
A house in Italy that was struok
by lightning last April has yielded
Dr. Folgheralter some interesting
facts. Tho lightning produced a large
number of magnetic points and zones
iu the masonry, amply proving that
lightning may independently yield
marked magnetization, aud that mag
netic points may be so formed iu tufa.
The light whioh comes to us from
the sun iu eight minutes might jour
ney ten thousand billion years and
not reach the borderland of the uni
verse. It has no limits. It can
have none. Yot tho same laws rule
it throughout. And every force, all
power within it, all tho laws that gov
ern it, work for harmony aud happi
ness. The Enitllili Not a Cleanly Knee.
A correspondent of the London
Times who is studying the plague at
Oporto has somethiui; to say on tho
comparative cleanliness of different
nations whioh will probably be little
relished in Eugland. After showing
that the general conditions iu the
Portuguese city are favorable to the
spread of the disease because the peo
ple suffer from a lack of nourishment
and the health authorities are defioient
in system, ho adds that the lower
classes have their advantages, never
theless, over the corresponding classes
of the British isles, since they wear
cleaner clothes and are cleaner and
neater in their housework.
As if this were not enough, he ex
tends the comparison so as to include
other countries, and puts tho Britons
way iu the rear. Testifying from au
experieuoe in all the European States
with the exception of those iu the' Bal
kan region he says: "When we are
clean, uopeopleare so clean, but when
we are dirty we are dirtier than any
body else. That dreadful smell of hu
manity, which is oaused by tho reten
tion of bodily refuse on the surface of
the skin, is almost peculiar to our
country, and it pervades the persous
aud still more the homes of the great
mass of our urban population.''
Clean clothes, he thinks, are of
more importance than clean bodies.
Therefore the Portuguese, who wash
their linen religiously every -week,
have a better protection against the
plague than the Bussians, who bathe
frequently but wear filthy garments.
Both nationalities, however, are su
perior to a majority of the British,
who wash neither clothes nor skin.
Chicago Times-Herald.
Hurl llread For Hi lloriaa.
A delivery wagou of oue of the big
bread-baking factories of Yorkville
stopped in front of an uptown livery
and boarding stable tho other morn
ing, aud two men at once unloaded
barrels of bread aud carried them iuto
the stable. Tho bread looked good,
and was good. There were all sorts
and sizes of loaves in the barrels
"home-made," "rye," "Vieuno," "po
tato," "graham" and "oottage."
The ouriosity of a mau who saw the
bread being delivered to the stable
was aroused, and he vontured to ask
the proprietor of the stable what it
inennt.
"There's nothing remarkable about
it," said the proprietor, with a laugh.
"I simply buy it for horse feed. We
grind the bread up aud mix it with
other feed, and it makes first-class
food for horses. It is stale bread, aud
costs us forty cents a barrel; and there
are fifty or sixty loaves to the barrel,
so you see it comes pretty cheap.
Some of the bread is only a day old,
and is good enough for uuy man to
eat; but the bread factories cannot sell
it. What you see here are returned
loaves from the groceries. I'll bet
there is many a soldier who would like
to have had an good bread in the war."
New York Press.
To Locale Veuel at Sea.
A novel method of detecting the
souud of a steamship's propellers has
been invented by an Italian. He has
made an apparatus which is a varia
tion of the telephone Several trans
mitters are submerged and arranged
on land, or to point iu different direc
tions, all being oouneoted with a re
ceiver ou board another ship. Tha
direotljn in whioh the sound is loud
est iudiuates the pcint of the compass
in whioh the distant ship is to be
looked for.
GOOD K0ADS NOTES.
A llolletln by State Kngineer Bond.
State Engineer Bond, of New York,
is paying great attention to the matter
of construction of good roads and has
just issued a bulletin calling attention
to the neoesssity of care after the
roads are constructed. He says:
Boads in the country are continu
ally subjected to the action of the ele
ments, the wear of the wheels and
horses' feet, and the continual pound
ing it reoeives from passing loads.
Therefore after a road has been ac
cepted by the State Engineer as com
pleted, and turned over to the officers
of the county, it is then that the duties
of the officers really commence, and
it depends on their efforts as to
what the life of the road will be
whether they spend the money wisely
on maintenance, or will allow the
road to deteriorate and make expen
sive repairs necessary. As no pro
vision has been made in the Higbio
Armstrong bill for snob maintenance,
aside from tho provisions in section
13: "All persons owning property
abutting ou such road so improved,
or residing thereon, shall thereafter
pay all highway taxes assessed against
them in money, in the manner now
provided by," it may be well to con
sider the various methods in vogue
by whioh roads cau be kept from de
teriorating. This subject is so well
understood in European countries
that we need look no further for the
cause of the excellence of their roads.
Three systems exist:
(1.) By contract with private par
ties. (2.) By the oid of the rural popula
tion, and
(3.) By the men employed for that
purpose by the community.
Of these three, only the third pro
position is the proper one. This is
the system used by France and Ger
many, the objection to No. 1 being
that it has been tried and found
wanting; to No. 2 the aid giveu by
the rural population is not applicable
to the maintenance of an improved
road, as such a road needs the super
vision of a man perfectly familiar
with this class of work, and such a
one can only gain this familiarity by
being constantly and permanently
employed. Men who have beeu given
charge of a piece of road soon become
interested in it, and will strive ener
getically and intelligently to make
their portion of the road the best. It
would seem advisable, therefore, that
the third, proposition should be
adopted by the supervisors of the
county in whioh the improved road is
situated. That is, a man should be
appointed and employed permanently,
who should have the road or a certain
portion of it in his charge, and who,
under the supervision of the officers
of the county, should be responsible
for its maintenance.
The bulletin theu gives detailed in
structions as to the methods whioh
should be employed to kep roads iu
good condition.
Cost of a Mew York Roud.
The speakers at the recent farmers
congress illustrated the working of
the New York law by citing one road
in Oneida County. The total cost was
$14,680. Of this the State pays $7343,
the county $5140 and the property
benefited $2202. The fifty per cent,
paid by the State comes out of the
$50,000 raised by the law and amounts
to one cent on $1000 of assessed valu
ation for each taxpayer throughout
the State. On the assessed valuation
of Oneida County eaoh taxpayer paid
C oents on eaoh $1000 to raise the
thirty-five per cent. p,id by the coun
ty. So that eaoh taxpayer iu the
oouuty of Oneida paid 7J cents ou
each $1000 of assessed valuation for
the road in question, in addition to
to whioh the remainiug $2202 will be
paid by 'the owners of the property
benefited by the improvement. The
class of work contemplated by the
New York law consists of grading the
road to established grades, constructing
grains and oulverts and laying a sis
inch macadam surface.
Hcmttfiln of New Jersey' Sjitem.
As most of the wealth of the State
is to be found in the cities, tho New
Jersey system suooessf ully briuRS
about the construction of improved
gravel or stone roads without laying
their entire cost upon the farmers, uud
without requiriug them to contribute
more than an equitable share of ex
pense according to tho wealth of each
individual taxpayer. The State aid
system successfully answers the objec
tion still made by many; that we 'lan
not have good roads without over
loading the farmer with taxes, of
whioh he is already paying more than
his share.
Why France ! Different.
America is the home of the shock
ingly bad road, heuce it is not sur
prising that this country has becai
slow to become affected with the germs
of automobilism. Iu France, where
urchins might play billiards on any
country road. automobilism has
readied ihe height of a national oraze.
High speed races are held, automobile
clubs take the place of the absinthe
driuking aud idliugorganizatious, aud
the person who drives a horse is re
garded almost in the light of a luna
tic who clings to the delusion of the
Dark Ages.
The Antl-ltut Agitation In II r I nr.
In Berlin all street repairing is dene
at night.
There ure 664 good roads organiza
tions iu Pennsylvania.
It is the narrow tire that is destroy
ing our roads. As soou as the rains
soften them the narrow tires cut like
a knife.
If the former wunt3 good roads, and
we know that he wants them, he should
insist upon Stute aid in their con
struction, Othor things being equal, the na
tion possessing the best facilities for
transportation and distributiou of its
proiluot will take the lead. Tho bioy
olo ha" beou instrumental in bringiug
! fori the publio the vast importauoe
of be,tor highways.
"I do not believe," says an export,
"that there is, or over will be, a coun
try road constructed that will stand
th narrow tire. A five-inch tire,
however, will press and inako the sur
fare still more solid, especially when
the road is softened by rain, instead
of -tutting as d UHiiow tire does."
TIIE SABBAlR
INTERNATIONAL LE;,,'
, FOR NOVEvsp
Suhject! Woes of i,,.t
xxlll., "-33-tiei,B
1 Memory Viun,,
tary on the Lomod.V
30. "Who." Adlvim-W
man to InvostlKutn t!u "
woe and sorrow nn J 9.
terred from taking t '
life, ltobluson cull. "
drunkard's looking; M
Wbnsu frtoft Is tMvii:Ti
hsblts, so that they mi"1
bo If tUoy go ou. "Iln!''
would be tieodnd to re
who oonld truthfully ,J
tlonl "Woe." Dlw ST
condemnation for n i 1 1
curtain nwful conditio I.
of all kinds brills i ' I"
but there Is no ln : f0'
relnntlossly purmins it. jj"
drunkenness. 'l'"Mr'
body and woos of mli. Jl
woes Iu Lis family, i ?
erty, and all wlthoo
hath sorrow." Tim t,
....... ......
Hrd has sorrow nf )n.
aup coutalm rnoro ih f
sorrow Is not all. f: '
ns to call forth a rm.
tluued oryof aunulsii, V
tlons." Those who tw.
id i
li
in
...v. Mm-;,m-iw mil B,l.
Mno-touths of .till tlw
quarrels nnd uiIbu n.l. ,- K 1
kIjIb to drink. "Wlioh.tr
refers to the temliiuc; r .
foolish nnd IncHHsin-rf
seorets, vile converse
mouHtrntlons, which f T '
ent stages of drunks?
now ooininouly reiruri
rowful complaint; Utod
exhausted purse, t lie
nutielpatud reproach "
strength. Nothing f
drinker. lie compl;u r
oi uib miuiiy, Ul ;.
f k-y
mi. to
everything. Nothl
who is thus wronig.
imune. wounu rc.'-Ljj
proHtnble dUputiin, i.J
brawls of drunkuu r '
especially exposed to LC
oasiis which tempernr. era
vented, "ltednims ol
blurred, or bloared oy.
coliol Induces a pnrn
nontrolling the mlnut"
capillaries, which mm ftc
speedily shows Itself i jn
step and in his eye tilt l '
secret of his sin. r0'
30. "The that turn 4
This answers the nuovr ea
bKln to drink ooutlu ..t
Ing often a whole iik-:.:
day and night. "Tiiey ! "
or among people wlw-i n
are made or stored ot ,j
Spiced, druKKed, tntsd:
toxli'iitlnir power of
tbe Infusion of druif
mnn drink the cup ol A
ohemioal analysis of tifh
the people In this coiiif r
drink alcohol, bmhuIc, '
nlmouds, blood, chalk L"
cuius Indlous, coppcrvyt.
laiuKHuis, iime, ichu, k.3 q
opium, oil of vltrol, o
EE
tur
etc,
turpentine, tobacco, s
81-. "Look notthoutB
prohibits moderate tin
yourself in the way ol:
gooa ireely iuto tempt
than hplf fallen. "V
bright color of tbe wk
tivo look and adds to
Its dauber. "When It
ti
the oun." Llterallv. ma
brightness, or the buiil lotl
tb wine-drinker lclli
"When it noeth ilorj
verse pictures tho iiiul.
when it seem perfuuti f
little, when it U bright L.
ing the nerves with rt'fc'
joy and freedom. Iti-IAI
evil that is so dimer i.
trance to the path t!is :f
82. "At lust It bltutb -"
be utteudnd at last mv."'
when It works like mo :
veins and casts then It'L
to cure as the bltlm; X
fronts are opposite I V
only beauty Is when life"
It ohu ouly harm tiitv"
enjoy Its pleasure. IOf
Us poison beyond yc f. o
end aud purpose Is ru
83. "Thine eyes :
women." The lorlni;
tea nnd ber gooduiis a
deslres sprinK ap to Pi
others, or to go from
have fallen Into the
ness as yourself. Hrot
the result nf strong:
Mult of strong ilpT
lugs of the dovo:F"tl
ha dance-hall Is l
e dressed to sul' P0'
pleading
and the i
en are di
men, and where uaturi
tbrowu, and cruel I'l.-i j
Hi "I. Latin, II, .Hi t
tur h
utii L ..
of the sen." To nmt
waves of the sea woui fh''
up lu death. Ho Is t'.-jan
as a pilot who has K"'"het
ship was In tbe trouns,
Ing the tiller to slip ale
liU shipMn be swan ind
which be might havu j,
besotted men kuow n .,
what they are dolncj
down they are as If i'u
waves of tbe sea, o.'fg
mast. Their beads ',((
disquiet, and troubl'f
sleep uurefreahlni;.
mast." Tbe druukur I
of life. He is ns one f i
tbe masthead, wlu-uo
must either fall down !
be dashed In pieces,
una on orjwuej. ),
85. "They have vA ,
was not hurt." Wltk)l
and self-respect Ronf llni
of the things which Ms,
with shame, Bocnuf i '
hurt of hli wound W
scars. lie thinks hi" tr
saved from the senxa'L
any alarm for bis uuT '
no thought of Ooil'uf'iBto
bis life iu bis helil'
fctM,
liuua l.ai...n 'ma if
companions have doiy '
in y life, says he, bu'l
affect me. "When stt
seek it again." Itutli i
I will seek It BKiiio I
f
KOne. Tbe drunkaN
lie Is as Insensible I
warning of those !
as he Is to the beub
wnen ue is uuriou
punishments of drii
table appetite that,
nnd lu the face of s'
tbe drunkard to UU
If
A change for tlie
ncter of Italian i un
ity the Pittsbuih'li
the Italians arrivinf
lil recently the iinu
poscd principally
with the lutentlun
uutil they hud
money to make tin
on their return to i
The pui'sous now
farm-laborers uil
lieurly every install'
is accompanied bj'f'
come with the i'
turning to Italy,
usually possessed 1
uud their first li
ing work, is to iu'
property. A uum';
have scoured purui
and those who hv
Jug school show
residence property
Vurious Italian Col' "
Charley "Why
itnocchea so lonflT"
easy. His wife w
oelphla Call.