r3
SENTINEL & REPUBLICAN
MIFFLIXT0W
Wednendaj. ST'r 1.9, IwTS.'
B. F. SCHWEIEll,
rr no raoranroK."
Cl'BAX difficulties growing out of the
murder of tae men capturjd with the
Virginiua bare absorbed the attention
of the people of cities and large town
to each a degne that financial trouble
are overlooked, and have ccDsefjuentlv
improved in tone. The Solution of the
Cuban trouble is net yet ipparent
coajectures consequently are of little
2-;oiuf. The Adiuinistiation of Pres
ident Grant is cot- a weak 3itfj and
it may be taken as a certainty that
if there is a just cause for war,
the parties who seem to be spoiling for
want of a fight will get as much of it
as tLoy can attend to. The country in
general, however, does not want war,
and if the mzttsr can be cettlad by
peaceable menu,- to ths satisfaction of
law-abiding eitizens, the people of both
this country and fpain will gain largely
by it.
Next week we expect to publish Ac
Constitution by supplement, and the
paper with its usual amount of reading
milter. S'ndy the Constitution as you
would tic Bible, it is for the temporal
government of the whole ptople. It
not a subject for party consideration.
CONSflfUTIONT
fcw 4 oirttttntHfl ProMMM4 . -fc
flfltlxenw of 111 hi Commonwealth for
Ihir Approval or R-Jrf too, kj Ihf
OBNtlsutlouMl 4 ooveotioM.
Jfblixht hy artier of the Srretary of the 0m
monwenJtft .in purmuunrof the Vh e-tumol am
net of the tfrivrrtU AMetm't4y, entttlett "An act
fr proitt'f ftr cniltnff a Vt'ttvetUtun toamrrut
th t unxJttutuiH." tipproicd Iht Itth liny of
A priU A, i., 172.
FKKAMBlaK.
. W the ftrop of th- Commonwealth of
rv-uiifvIVHiiia, Krateful to Almighty lor
rh- lilfttMniea of civil and rviitfimiK litwrty.
Hurt hutn-iv invofeiDE Hi kuuIuuc, Uo
orUala aul esta,Miili tin CoiiMUulHn.
ARTK'SLE I.
ie r auation or khwth.
TSat thr ii-ml. rrvr an.l exKeutinl prin
rlplrn rf liVwry imil ft- Kjv'rufiuiit may
l r.ivuiz-t ua l uualterbly robtblifthed, w-.winr-
thai
Hkciio.n . All men are born equally fr
Mini tnlit ml t-ut, mut iiHvt certain illiMT
rnt and iudej-iMe ri:iii,MiiinK which art;
tixiM- of -nj..ii.j ana .( iiniin; life aal
.itw-rly, of ar(niriiii, ptw-KMiii uinl jtrotfet
inK proriy ait'l r.-puUti tut, and of pumu
IiijC tiiftrown happine..
Kor. All mv r i inhere lit In the people,
anl all free governments are founded on
their authority and iM it tiled for their peace.
mi !! And huppim-. fr'ortheudviuieeiia-iit
of thee riuls iney have at all lime an iii
alienaltle and indefeasible right to a iter, re
form cr ain.ii-h their Kovt-rmiK-nt n ucli
inrtanra they may think proper.
Hv. A, Ail meu liHve h natural end tnle-f-rtrt-
rijftit to worship Almighty tiotl ac
irltui to the li':nts of tht-ir o'u ooti
iw k-iHiit ; no man ran of night le rnipiie
to Hitn1, en'.-t or sujtpori any plaee wr
ahip, or to maintinu any ministry airalnM
hw ennsnt ; uo hiiiuan authority ran, in
Muy t-HSr whul-v-r, r uitrul or inlfi"Irt witli
Xie rights of ins.-it-ii, and no pre!-r-me
h4a,il rvtr 1-e given Ity 1j w tj liny reJlgUm
e?!:ihl:liiiiiitM or UMi'tol worship.
Sep. A. prrson who a-kmwu-lt:eti the
Itriiij; of h in.., m,i! a tutuie hUiie of rewanK
hp-I tinishme;itsliuil, on ai-e mi nt tt hi re
i!ious m ittnin'ins, I- t' iiuitlifli-d to hold
.it.;.- orl,-- ,r i- ot trust or profit umier
th K t "oti i mon h 1 1 h .
s-c. o. i-.hlioiiK sir.U le free and equal ;
mid ij, pou it, vivil or lalliliary, Miall at any
time int-rt-re to prevent the free eiereiae of
tlie riht of Mitriage.
S.-. H. Trial lv jury rihall te hereto
fore, ikud lilt; right thereof rvmain Invio
inf. ee. T. The prlutinx presa hnll be free to
wry fH'ixMi who may underinke to t xam
w the -roreeiiiiKit of the Ln;isiature or
any hraiit-ii of government, and nolawHhall
ever Iw uiaile to rt-Mrain the nht Iherettf.
The free ouimuniMlin of IikmikIiIn and
opinions in oiiH f it; iuv:ilu:thlt' riKhta of
dhi, mihI eery citizen may freely sefik,
write and print on any iutijet, being re
fMinsihle lor tlie abuse oi iliut lileriy. No
eonvielion ahail te tiad in any pnisM-ution
for the putlirMion of papeni relat iik to the
0 fact a! couduet oi o!iieTH or iikii iu uolic
t-aiulty, or to any oilier nuttter proper for
THitdlr nve.tiinilion or informattn. where
he fi.'4, that Mi h publication wuk i.ot mall--iouly
or lulineiitly i:ude Ktiall In elal
) i Hiied to the KHtlMaetion of toe jury ; and
In all IndietmeutM for libel the Jur -shall
have the rlght to determine the law and tlie
fact. uiii'r the diiectiou of the ciHirt, a in
othi r cafes.
Sec. The people ahull be aecure In their
perouH, bou4M pajK-m and poteionfc.
from unreasmHlile Hearebeti and seiiuren,
ami no warrant to Jw-arch any place or to
tize any ;-rMin or thinN nhull hsue witU
ort tex'rit inV them an nearly an may be,
nor without probable cause nu.ported ly
rtr.tti or atiirmatiou, auusi-riued to by the
Hc. 9. In all rrlni1n:J proaeeutlona, the
accuaed hath a riht to be heard by himeelf
aiid hi counsel, to demand the nature and
eaue of the accusation against him, to uieet
the yltntwMii face to faie, u have etntpul-
futry pnxit for btaiuiiiK witiieKsra iu bit
favor, and tn proseemiou by indielinent or
litrrnntiou, a kpeedy public trial by an tin
partial Jury of tiie vicinage; be cannot be
coiUHIbsl to iive evidence ueainst himself,
nr can he be deprived of bin lie, lltertyt r
property, utiles by tire jiidKUieut of tarn
jeer or the law tf the hind.
,r No j rrsonh:iU lor any Indictable
i-fTeure le prov-eleti atfainKt crrminally, by
luloriuHtion, except in easen arising in the
laud or naval torccii, r in the militia, when
In aetttal aerviee, in t'me of war or puMic
tlatiKer, or fy leave of the court, frir oppre
.rti r mih lei'iiior inoili-e. No persou Khali
fr tte jrrv otrence lie twice put in Jipardy
cf IHf Hiivii ; nor ahall private property
Ik t:iken or pplle to public use without
authority of l;.w (nd without justcouipeu
tuition twine first iuale or ae-urel.
See. 11. All courts Khali be open; and
every man lor an injury dne him In his
landN, i;oods, ie ra tn. or reputation, ahull
have rem ly ly due course of law, and
ritfht and Jn-tioe aduiimU-n-d wit luiut wtle,
tlettlal, or dHar. Suits mav te bnuiight
acuiiist the Comtnouwealth in ruch man
ner, m such courts, and such cuet a the
I.efcivlitture i::iy by law lirrtt.
Sec". Ii No power of i:spending Inwa ahall
1- r-p'iH'd unlesa by the Lviaiature or by
i! authority.
Hec. 13. KxcesHlve ball ahall not be reqtilr-al.-nr
excessive fine impoaed, nor cruei
puuisLmeiit inflicted.
s.-c. 14. All prisoners shall be bailable r
aumicnt auretieit, unlesn lor capital ofTeti
wlten the pnatf ia evident or presump
tion icreat ; and the privilege of the writ of
hahena errww ahnlt rrf be auspenled, unlesa
whn in CKe :f rebellion or invasion the
public aafety may reinnre It.
Sec. .". . e4imtnissiii of over and term
iner orjil delivery ahall be tanned.
See, i. The peraou of a drht.tr. where
there t nt strong prennpttun of fraud,
frball not be continued in prison after de
liver! tig up hia etat? for the henent of hia
creditor, in su h uianmr aa shall be pre
Kcrilwd by law.
rec. 17. No mx roar facto law, nor anv
law imparing tbeotliga;ton of contract, or
iuiK1ng irrevocable any grant of aptx-ial
privilege or ItntnTinltiea ahall la passed.
ec. IV No iersotr shall l-attainted of
Tre:istn or felony by the legislature.
Kc, P. Xi attainder ahall wort corrup
tion of blood, u-r, except during the life of
tU" oiT-'Atler, forfeiture oi estate ro the Com
ni'n wUtti ; the estate of u'h peraotw aa
nail destroy their own live dill descend
or vest tt iu t-BMU of natural death, and
f any p-rson shall la- klilel by eauaiiv,
1 it-re swll le no forfeiture by reason LLcrc-
Hcc, Cn. The citizen have a rghl In a
fAacenble manlier to a.sentbl together for
tbeir ormmon goml. a:hi to apply tothoa
iuveated wuii tiie power of governmenta
for reitrcM of grievance or other proper
purpt, by, I'etiUou, addrea or reuiou
arrani. ,
Sc 21. The right of cUlzena to bear arm's
- In defence of themselves and the .State ahall
not be queatitined.
Sec. ;1L No Ktamling army ahall. In time of
IHj.ice. be kept up without t.ie consent of the
.VisUtur aud the military strill in all
casea, at ai timea la; intriet subordi
nation b the civ :1 pjwer.
s. Yi. No w. idler ahall in time of peace
1a luarten-d in any house without the con-M-nt
of .b owner, nor iu lime of war but iu
a rar.r.erto ta- prew ribed by law.
?c. 24. The Ix'iure ahall not grant"
aoy laic of iiolitlity or itereditsr- uis'ine-
ti. ii, ht creaie any once tiie appointment
of which ahall be for a lomjer tenutnandirr
iiic gooi oehavior.
hoc bnugrution from the Male shall
llTt be l'.-;uiiled.
See. Jti. To gani against tranagreatiions of
the h'g! powen which we have delegated,
we tin .'are ih it everything in this article
ia raeepfeit out of the general powers of
froveinnctt aad a&til forever rtunaiu lu
vioiate. '
ARTICIaE 111
nt LiuisiafCBV.
Skttioji 1, Ttie l!sUtive powor of this
t'oui.iMnwcalth st al; he vested in a Cjuierai
Aaaembly, which will consist of a Seuaie"
and a Iloiiweci lbprea nralive.
See. Z M'-iu'HriTi of tiie Oeuvml AS-eDrWy
shall be chosen at the general election erery
second year. Their term of service shall be
giu on the find da ol lecerober next alter
tueir elect ion. Wheuever a vacancy shall
occur In eitiier House, tlie presiding oracrr
tnereof snail ismi a writ of election to
fill wuch vacancy for the remainder of the
USec! X Senators shall be elected for the
term of four years and IteprvsenlaUvas for
the term of two years.
See. 4. The general Assembly shall meet
at twelve o'eba k nau. on Ihe flit Tuesday
of January every aocond year, and at other
limes w m u convened by the Uovernor, but
shall hold uo adjourned a:.nual seaalou alter
tiie vear oils tnouand eight hundred and
M-Xv'Uiy-e.giit. Iu cmm of a vacancy in the
uiiice of tne U "Ited state Senator ironi tbia
Com mon wea i., iu a recess U-tweeii ses
aioua, tae Oivernor shall convene the two
houses by proeiamal ion on notice not ex
ceeding aixly da s to fill the same.
Sec, .. sciialors snail be at least twenty
flve earH age, and llepresetitat vea twen-ty-ohe
years ol age. They shall hare hern
ciuxeua and uihaoltanls of the Statu fair
vcars. and iuhaiiilanU of their respective
districts one year next bofore their eleitbn
miins aiment on toe pubiie laisiuesa of I he
fluted S.LnIes or this Mtatei. and shall reside
in their respertive dislrieU during Ihefr
terms oi srvi.
Sec. a. No Senator or Repreaentatlveahal!,
during tlie time f r whl. h he ahall have
ben eie:tel. be appduterl to anv civil oftlie
under litis Common wealth, and uoiuemia-r
of Congress or other per-mi holoing any
office texeept of atloriiey-at-law or ta the
militia under the i nltsi Matesol thiaCom
laoowcaitii shall be a metnla-r of either
hmse during hia couttuuanee in office.
Sec. 7. No Hrn hereafter convicted of
einlafzclemeiit of public money. britery.
nerttiiv or other tlttanioua er.llie. ahall e
eligiltle to theK-neral AK-mbly. or capable
ol lioldtng any ouic ol irus. or prout iu
t h Is Com it ion wca 1 1 ti.
See. H. The meinbersof theCienernl Assem
bly shall rec.-ive Mich salary and mileage for
reu.arand special eaji;n a aiiail la flxd
by law, and no other compensation what
ever, whether lor service upon committee
or otherwise. No member of either house
shall, dunug the te.m for which he may
have been eh-tcd, r-eeive any. increase of
salary. r mileage, under any law paaaed
during aurh term.
Sec, . The senate shall, at the beginning
and close ot each regular session, auiint such
other times as maybe necessary, elect one
of its im-mbers pretdei; pntemptre, who
shall perform the duties of the Lieul-nnttt
Oovernor, n any cse of aince or diaiabil
ity of that oihcer; and w I m-never the said
offl if l.leiiienant Governor snail I ar va
cant. The House f Krpresenfativea shall
elect one of ita members as pviiker. r'ach
house siinli clnatse ita other iili-era, ami
shall fn lgeof tlie election andtiuaiincatioiia
of Its members.
sec, M. A majority of each House shall
constitute a quorum, but a smalier imu:ler
may atljoiirn from day ! day. ana compel
th alleiidance of alscnt iiieinfa-ra.
Sec. 11. Keh house siiall have power to
dctermin- the ruiea of its pnaeedine anl
punish Its mmlers or other terwta iore-n-teinpt
or disorder! y la-iiavior in ita pres-en-e.
to euftrc oitiicne to Its process, to
prote-t its iiieinla-ra against vbilenrt. or of
ten of bribes or private solicitation, antl
with the oiiicurreiKn of two-ihitds. toe,
pel a member, but um a second time for the
same cauae, and ahall have all other pow
ers necessary for the legislature of a free
State. A iiu-mlar expelled f.r corruption
shall not thereafter be eligible lo either
house, and punishment for contempt or dis
orderly lchavior shall not bar an indict
ment for the same offense.
Sec. 12. Kach house shall keep a journal of
ita proceeuiuga from time to time p;il-
lish the same. cxcpt su-h parts as require
secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the mem
tars on any question ahall. at the desire of
any two ot them. l entered on the journal
Sec. TI. The iMfsslous of each house and of
committee of the whole shall be open,
uulos when the business is suehasouht
to la- kept aecret.
See. 14. Neither house shall, without the
consent of 1 lie other, adjourn for more than
three days, nor to any other place than that
iu whieh'thc two houses shall 1m sitting.
S-c. !.". The mm tiers of the General As
sembly shall Iu all ensvs, except treason,
leloiiy. violation of their oath of office, and
and a breach c surety of the peace, le priv-ib-gei
from mt during thir attendance
at th otns of their respective houses,
and tu going to and returning from the
same; and for any s.eeeh or dc!ate in eith
er house, thy siail not be questioned in any
other p;-e.
Sti. Iti. ll.c State shall be divided Into
fifty Senatorial districts of compact and con
tiguous territory, its nearly equal in fstpula
ti'tn as may I, and each district shall la en
titled to elect one Senator. Kach county
coutainiug one nr more nttiosof population
shall la? eiitt!e4l to one Senator lor each
ratio, and to an additional Setottor for a sur
plus ol opuletioti exceeding three-fifths o!
a latio; but no county siiall form a separate
list net unit as it stud! con f am four-flt'ths of
a ratio, except where the adjoining counties
are each entitled to nt- or more Senators,
wben sueli -uny ni:y te astii;iiei a Sena
tor n le-vH than "loiir-Mftha, and exceeling
otie-balfofa niti;i, and no ounty shall te
divtdeit unless entitled to : wo or more -senators.
No city or county shall la entitled to
searnic re(ra nlation exceeding one-ixth
oi inc wuoif milliner oi m ikhop. .owaro,
tHrMicu, or township shall la divided in the
formation of a district. The Senatorial rati
shall be aseertuincd by divitlitig the whole
poptilatim of the State by the number
rl iv.
Sc. 17, The members of the House of
Representative kIimU lie appointed among
the aeveral counties, on a rul io olttaiued by
liivlditig tiie w.pulKtioii of tlie State nsas
certaineti by the nmst recent I'nitcl stats
cetiMis iy two hundretL Kvery county con
taining lesa than five ratios ha!l have oue
representative for every full ratio, and an
additional representative m hen thesurpln
exceiils half a ratio; but each cunty shall
have at least one representative. Every
ef unity containing five ratios or more sual I
have one representative for every full ratio.
Kvery ciy containing a Hipulatiou equal to
a ratio shall elect separately its proportion
of the representative allotted totbeoiMinly
fn whica it Is located. Kvery city entitled
to more than four repreaentati ves, and every
county Imviuc ovit one hundred thousand
inhabitants, sTiall le dividcti into districts
of compitct an I contiguou. Wrritory, ea-h
district to elect Its pnipirtion of representa
tive according to iu population, but no
district shall elect taore than lour repre
sentatives. sec. IH. The General Assembly at it first
session after the adopt i-ju of this constitu
tion, and imineiiately after each I'niteil
States decennial census, shall apairtloii the
suite into Senatorial and Kepreseutative
districts agree!h!y to the provision of the
two next preceding sectious.
ARTICLE IIL
LEUlHLATlOX.
fsECTiox 1. No law shall lap passed except
by bill, itnd no bill ahall le so altered or
amended on its passage thro jgh either bouse
as to change Its original puiMMe.
sec, 2. No bill shall la? considered nnless
referred to a committee, returned therefrom,
and printed for the use of the members.
Se:. No blil, cxcei t general approba
tion billa, shall tie passed. emtaln.ng more
than one stitject. which shall be clearly ex
pressed in its title.
Sec 4. Kvery bill shrill 1e read at length on
thrit diff erent day tnearh house; nil amend
ments nnule liiereto shall ! printed lor the
use of the mcnits rs la. tore ttte final vote ia
lken on the bill, and no bill slmll laconic a
law unless on its final n:iaaire the vole lie
i UKtn ny veua ami nays, the nan es of in'
I p ixuis voting for and against tbesntoe la
entered on the journal, and a mnjority.if the
meintiers eleciet to eaeh house be reomled
thereon as voting in its favor.
Sec.; Nanie:i.imen? m bit Is by one house
Khali hecoTieurred in by the oHior except bv
n oteot a msjoiity of the im-miers elected
thereto taken by eas and l.ays, and the
names of those votirg for and ngalnsr mir
del upn Ihe journal there if: aud reports ol
comiuitteesof eouicreiiif siiall ta adopted in
either hotiae only by the vote of a majority
of the men tlar eleet.l thereto, taken by
yeas and na a, and the names ot ihoae voting
rei-onied upon the journal.
Sec.. Ni l:w shall la- revived, amended,
or the provisions lucre f extended or con I er
red by reierenee to itstitle only, but so much
thereof a Is revived, amended, extended, or
conferred, shall be re-enacted and published
at length.
Sec. 7. Tha General Assembly shall not
pes any loeml or special law;
Authorizing tlie creation, extenlion or im
pairing of liens;
lleguiating the affairs of comities, cities,
townshiist, mards, boroughs, or school dis
trict; Changing the names of persons or places;
Changiug the venue m civil or criminal ca
Sea ;
Authorizing the laying out, opening, alter
ing, ormaintaiuiug roaus, highways, streeta,
or alleys.
Relating to ferries or I nidge, or Incorpora
ting ferry or bridge companies, except for
the erection of bridges cnissnig streams
which form boundaries bet weeu this aud any
otiierStHte;
Vacating roads, town plats, streeta or al
ley Kelatlng to cemeteries, graveyards or pub
lic grounds not of tlie stie;
Authorising the adoption or legitimation
of children;
ic lug orchangingcounty seats, erecting
new couu Ilea, iw cmujing county hues;
Incorporating ciiie. umns, or viKagi-a, or
ch niitt their cbartt ra;
For the opeuiug and conduction of elec
tions, or fixing or changing luv place of vo
ting; Granting divorces;
Krectiiig new townships or lairough,
changing towtihhip lines, borough limits, or
S4-b(Ml di tot net a;
Creating offices, or prescribing the powers
and dude of officers in eouuties, cities, lair
oughs, towusiiips, election or school Uis
tncis; Changing tlie law of decent or succession ;
Krgult tuig the practice or jurisdiction of,
or changing the rules of evidence iu any Ju
uicial proceeding or iuquiry ta;iore e urt. al
derai.n. justn-es of me peace, sherilts. com
mhvsioner, arbitrators. audiUirs, maeters in
chain-ery. or o;ucr irilaiuaia. ur Drovioing or
chaiigiuc method Xir lbeele-tuHi of debts.
j or the eiilorciiic ol judgem nta, or preacrib
u'jji ie cun w. juuiruii utir w n-Mi wuiv ;
Kt guJatirg tiie Jem-a, or exlenuiug the pow
er and ami tf alueruien. miiuea ol the
peace, nihktrU-,''or vouatatia ;
KoguiaiiLLg Uac luanageiaent of public
aehooia, the bulMing or icpainng of school
b4ium, aud lbs taiaiug of money for such
purpose;
Kixiiig; Uu rate of interest :
A fleet a: g lLs taW of minors or persons
onder daMa.tjiiiiy, except after due notice to
all parties in interest, to be recited in the
sta-cial enact uj at ;
Uemitling nnet penal tie and forfeit urcs.or
refo ndJng moucj legal iy paid in to the Treas
ury; Kxemptzng property from taxation ;
ltegulatiiis laijor, trade, mining, or mann
faciuauig; Crea u n g corporut Ion s. orametvil ng. renew
ing, or ill ndiug tLc- charters m reof ;
tn;iait.g to any vorporatiou, aoviat!t'fi.
...1. :x:;..
of Indlsidnal any special of exclusive prl vil
er" or luuuumlv or to any corporation, ao
ciatlon or individual the right to lay down a
railroad track. Nor shall the General As
sembly indireetlv enact such special or local
law by the partial repeal of a geueral law,
but laws rcpenllug local or special acta may
be passed. Nor shall any law be pasaed
granting powers or privileges In any ease
where the granting ot such powers and priv
iliges shall have been providea r by
gcueral law, nor where t he courts bavejori-
let ton to grant the same or give the relief
aeked for.
Sec. S. No local or special Mil hall
ls passed unless notice of the intentlou
to apply therefor shall have been puoiishtd
in the loeaiitv where tiie matter or the thing
lo be affected may be situated, which notice
snail e at least thirty days prior lotbe in
troduction Into the (ventral Assembly
aueh bill, and iu the manner to be provided
ly law; i'ie eviuence oi aurn nn-r hiii
hn i.iiUlshefl. hall be exhibited In the l
m i..tw.ri i wi..i.:vit.ii lurh a-t shall be i
wl -
rc 9 The presiding officer of each house I
IL in the presence of the houseoverwhicb i
m-sldes sign all MUsand Joint resolutions
isec.
sha
he presl
pasaed by the tieneral Aaaembly, aXu-r their
i.t; h:.vf lM-en bniila iv .ead innn-diuH v
! tiefore aignlng. and the f-.ct of signing alia 1 1
be entered on the journal.
s e. lit. The general Assembly shall pre
scribe by law the number, duties and com
pensation of the officer and employees of
each nouse, and no payment shall lemade
front the state Treasury, or le in any way
authorised toanv pern. except toanaeting
oificer or employee elected or apfamited in
puraiianee of law.
Set 11. No bill shall be passed giving any
extra compensation to any public officer,
servant, empb.vee, agent or contractor,
alter services shall have been ren
dered or contract made, nor providing for
thepHvment of anv claim neainat tlie Com
monwealth, withiut previous authority of
law.
See. 12. All atntlonerv. printing. nnper, and
fu-1 naed in the legstlaTive and other depart
menb of government shall le furnished, and
the printing, binding, and diatritaiting ol
the laws, journals, department reports, nd
s'l other printing and binning, and the re
pairing and form dung the balls anil rooms
nsed for the meetings of the General Asaein
ly and Ita committees, shall r perfomiei
an!er crm tract, to be given to the lowest re
sponsible bidder lilow auch maximum price
and mirier soeh regulations aa shall la- prea
cr.tHI ly law ; no mem Oct or oClsr of any
department ol tio givernment shall le In
anv wav Interested in amh coatracta. and alt
su-'-h cintres shall be atibjert to tba appro
val of the twovcrnor. Auditor General and
State Trvaaurer.
ec i:i. No law shall extend the term of
any pillule officer, or Inrretise or diminish
bifisniary or emoluments after his election or
appoin; rnent.
s-c. 14. All bills for raising revenue shall
' a... -t inuv i.ntrwMd &ln-tlil Ull-ll ti laM
tn other bibs.
sec. I V The general a pproprintlsn bl.l shall
etnttraee nothing but appropriations for the
onlinarv espenaesof the executive, eic!ln
tive wntl judicial departments of the Com
monwealth. Intereat on the public debt, and
Par public ttehools; ail other appropriations
shall lc made by aeperate oills,eah embrac
but one suhj'-ct
Sec. !. No money shall be paid out of the
Ticasnry exep' lwn appro-nations made
be law lind on warrant drawn by the proper
officer in pursuance thereof.
Sec. IT. So appropriation ahall be made to
anv chariibe.r educational Inatltntion not
under the a'tsolute control of the Common
n. uith other than normal sehoolsestablisli-
ed bv law for the professional training of
ter.eheni for the public schools of the state,
except by a vtu of two-thirds of all the
niein I sni elected to eah house.
Sec. Is. No appropriation except for pen
sions or gratuities for military nervier shall
be inmle for cburitatde. educational orla-nev-olent
purposes, to any person or community,
nor to any den tioi nat u mal or sectarian instl
tutioo. rorponition or nasoeiation
Sec. It. The General Assembly may make
npprttpriatlon of money to institutions
wherein th widow f sfild.ers are snppor
ted or assisted or the orphans of soldiers are.
maintained and educated; but such appro
priation shall be applied exclusively to the
support of such widows and orphans.
See. at. The General Assembly shall not
delegate to any special com mission, private
corporation or association, any power to
make, supervise or interfere with any mu
nicipal improvement, money, property or
effects, w hether held In trust orotherwlsr.or
tn levy taxes or perform any municipal func
tion whatever.
Sec. 21. No act of the fienernl Assembly
ahall limit the amount to be n-covered fr
Injuriea resulting in death, or for Injuries to
persons or property, and In case of death
from such Injuries, tlie right of action ahull
survive, and th General AawmMy shall
prescriia for whose Iwneflt such actions stud I
la prosecuted ; no act shall presents auy
limitation of time within whieh suits may
l brought against corporation for injuries
to persons or property, or for other caiii
different from those fixed by general laws
regulating action agaiost natural persons,
and such acts now existing are avoided.
Sec. 22. No act of the Gen. nil Aww-mbly
shall nuihorlxethelnveatmentof t mat fund's
by executors, administrators, guardians, or
ottier trustees, in the nouns or stocg ot any
pnvate corMinu ion, and sucii acts now ex
isting are avoided, saving invealmenls htrc-
i4iore OTiioe.
St The power to change the venne In
civil and criminal cesesahall be vested in the
court, to Ih exercised in such manner as
shall be provided by law.
Sec. 2-1. No obligation or liability of any
railroad or other corporations, held or own
ed by the Commonwealth, shall ever be ex
chnnged. t ransiern'd. remit te J, post j tried, or
in any wry ilimlnised by tlie 4enerl ,
amtd'v. nor shall such liability or obligation
la reb uM-d. except by payment thereof into
tne state i nwury.
Sec. When the Oenrrnl Assembly shall
he convened in special session, there shall
le no legislation uiain subjects other than
those designated in the proclamation of the
Governor, calling such session.
See. 'Ji. Kvery order, resolution, or vote, to
which the concurrence of both houses may
la? necessary O'xcept on Ihe question of ad
journment i shall la- presented to the Govern
or, and Indole It ahull take effect be approv
ed by him, or la-lim disapproved, shall le re
passed by two-thirds of lsih houscK, acictml
utg tn the rub's and limitations preaeriladiu
case of a bill.
Sec. 2T. No Stat office shall be continued
or created for fie inspection or measuring of
any merchandise, manuiacturcnr commodi
ty .lut any county or municipality may at
noiiit such offiot-rs when authorixed by law.
Sec. 2K N law changing the Ua-atioii of
the capital of the State shall la valid until
the same aim II have been submitted to tlie
y ual tried electors of the Commonwealth, at
a teneml election, and ratified and approv
tl by tticm.
Sec. 2. A incmlr of the General Assembly
who shall stdu it, demand, or receive, or con
sent to receive, directly or indire-ty, for
himself or for another, from any company,
oirptration, or person, any money, otlice,
apHit:tiii i.t. cmp!oy rnent, tes;monial, re
wanl. thing of value or cn.'oyioenl. or of
la-rsonal advantage or pmuiise ttiereof, for
his vole or i. facial influence, or for withhold
ing the same, or with an understanding, t x
pressed or implied, that Ids vole or official
action shall In in any way Influenced tiarre
by, or a lio ahall solicit or demand any such
money or oilier advantage, matter, or thing
aforesaid for unot her, as the consideration ol
Ida vote or ollinial iittiueiK'e.or for a lthhold
inr the satne. or ahall give or withhold Ida
vote or iiilliietice in consideration of the
payment or promise of socti money, ad van
face, matter, or tblnir to another t.itll l
or ining to another,
M guilt v of bnbeiv within tne meaning ot
I ti,;s Coiisiitution. and siiall incur the disa-
hiliric-. rro idol thereby for said ofleiice, and
such additional punishment as is or shail
la' proviucd by law.
See. :ai. Any p ran who shall, directly or
Indirectly, otter, give. or promise nny money,
or thing of value, testimonial privilege, or
piTsonal adv antage, to any executive or ju
dicial nlticcror meuila-r of the iieiierul As
sembly, tw iulltieuce him in the performaii"e
ol any of his public orotlicial duties,shall la?
guilty of bribery, and be punished in such
manner as shall be provide! by law.
Sec. 31. The offense of corrupt solicitation
of memts'ra of the General As-mbly or of
public officers of the State, or of any muni
cipal division thereof, ami any occupation
or practice of solicilut .on of such m- inte rs
or ortiecrs. o luilueins? t!elr otllcial actiin,
shall tie defined by law, and ahaii bepuuinb
ed by fine and Imprisonment.
Sec 32. Any persiu may l-e compelled to
testify in any lawful investigation or judi
dicial pHMi-etbtig. against any person who
may be charged with having commit led the
o uv use of bi itiery or corrupt solicitation, or
practice of solicitalion, and shall not be
permitted towtthhold his testimony uion
the ground that it ma v criminate bimaelf or
subj. e himtopnbliciiilnmv; but such teati
monyahalluotaAerwards ta'ttsedagaiitsthltn
in auy Judieial prs?eeliug. except for perju
ry hi giving such testimony, and any ersou
con vi ted of either of I he offenses aloresaitl,
aliall. as rsrt t4 the punishment therefor, be
disqualified tram holding any office or posi
tion oi honor, trust, or profit in tuisCouimou
wealth. sec. $t. A member who has a personal or
private Interest in any measure or bill pro
posed or pending la-fore the General Assem
bly shall disclose the fact to the house of
which he is a member and shall not vole
thereon.
ARTICLE IV.
thk xxxcrrivx,
Sfc. 1. The Executive LHpartmentof this
Commonwealth shail consist of a (Governor,
Kicutemiut Governor, Secretary of the Com
monwealth, Attorney General, Auditor Gen
eral, state Treasurer, Secretary of Internal
Afiairs, and a superintendent of Public in
sirvuiion. Sec. 3. The supremeexecutlvepowershall
be v as ted in the Governor, who shall take
care that the laws be faithfully executed ; be
shall be chosen on the day of the general
election by the qualified electors of the Com
monwealth, at tlie places where thev shall
vote tor Representatives; Jde returns of
every election for Govet nor shall lie sealed
upand transmitted lo the seat of govern
ment directed to the lreaideit of the Sen
ate, who ahall open and publish them in tne
preaene ol the memlH-rs of both honscs of
ihe General Asembly. The person having
the highest number of vow snail be Gov-
ernor, but it two or more be equal and
higlaest in voUw.oneof them hall l-echos-i-n
o"o-i unr u uiejo'ni vote tne uiemliers
of both houses. Con leatetl elect If mis ahull lie
determined by a committee, to In? selected
from both bouses of theG-ncrul Assembly,
and formed and regulated in such manner
m shall be directed by lam.
Sec. x. The Governor shall hold his office
during four years from the third Tuesday f
January next ensuing his election, and shall
mat he eligible to tlie office for the next suc
ceeding tei m.
Sec, 4. A lieutenant Governor shall be
chosen at the same time. In the same man
ner, for the same term, and subject to the
provision as the Governor; be shall be
president off!.e senate, but shall have no
vote unless they be equally divided.
See, a. No person shall be eligible to the
ofllce of Governor or Ueutennnt Governor
excepts cttizca ef the liitcd State, who
ahall have attained the affe of thirty years,
and have been seven year next preceding
btaelectTon an inhabltnntof the state, un
less he shall have been absent on tha public
business of the United Slates or of this
state.
See, I No memlW of Congress or person
holding any ofttr under the Cnlted Stale
or this State shall exercise the oXlice of Gov
ernor or Lieutenant Governor.
Sec. 7. The Governor suail be commander-in-chief
of the army aud navy of the
Commtiuwealth, anu of the militia, except
when they shall he called Into the actual
service of 'tlie L oiled Slates,
Sec. A. He shall nominate, and by and
with the advice and consent of iwo-thtrda
of all he members of the Senate, appoint a
Secretary of the Commonwealth, and an At
torney General during pleasure, a Superin
tendent of Public lie ruction r frnir years
and such other officers of the Common
wealth a he is or may tie auti.oriX4-a oy tne
cnstitution or m-law loappom; nc
have wer to nil all vwntu'Wriwi may
happen in uffleea to which he may appo.nt
tlunng the res of me senate by gntuting
cimmidons wui h shall trxwireat the end
of tli. tr next a-s.-ion ; he shall have power
happen in uffleea to winch he tti:gr appo.nt
to fill any vacancy that may happen during
the reeesa of the -senate, in tne ni-e oi au
ditor General, stele Treaattrer. ra-.-retary of
Internal Affairs or Mipennte?tdent of rul
lic Instruction, In a Judicial ofllce. or in any
other elec tive offM wbich he la or may be
authorized to nil :
IftheV;Maney ahall happen during the
session 'nT the Semite, the Governor shall
nominate to the Senate, leore their flual
udjmirtiiuent, a pmuer person to nil said va
cancy. but In any such case of vacancy. In an
elective orth-e. a person shail fa? chosen to
aaid office at the next general election, nn
lem the vat-iiney siiall happen within three
calendar month immediately preceding
such lection, in whieh ease the election lor
said office atiatl Is? held at the second suc
ceeding general election ;
In aetmgon Kxe-titive nominations, the
Stnat sti4ll sit with pen door, and iu
confirming or rejecting tne nomination of
the Governor, be vole shall ts taken by
yeas and nays, and shall las entered on the
jouruiU.
Sec. 11. He shall hare power to remit fines
ami forfeitures, to grant reprieves, commu
tations of acutm-enee and pardon, except
li cases of impeachment. L-ut no purdou
shall be granted, uor se rite nee otniniulei,
except upon the recommendation in writ
ing of the Lieutenant (iovernor. Secretary
of the Commonwealth, Attorney (teuernl
and SietryoI HKernal Affairs, or any
thr-eof ttiein, after full hearing, upn due
put die notice and in open session, and sucn
recommendation, witU the reasons therefor
at leng'h, shall be recorded and tiled in the
i.Sfce of the Secretary Of I tie Common
wealth. s-c, 10. He may require Information in
writing from the officer of the Kxecuttve
lh partmetit, upon any subject relating lo
duties of tneir respective offices.
See II. lie ahaii, from time to time, give
to the eneral Assembly information of tiie
state of tlie Commonwealth, and recom
mend to their consideration such measures
as be may Judge expedient.
Sec, 12. lie may, on extraonllnary occa
sions, convent toe 4enerai Aaseiuldy, and
incase of d-ire m nt Itetween the two
bouaea, with rvspeet b the time of adjourn
ment, adjourn them to such time aa be shall
think proper, not exceeding four luoutha.
He shall nave power tocouend the Nenate
in extraordinary session, by pnalamallon,
for the transaction of executive business.
Sec. IX In ease of the death, couvictlon
or impeacliitieiit, failure to quality, resigna
tion, or other disohibty of the Governor, tlie
Mtsers, duties, and emoluiiieutof the otnie
lor the remainder of the term, or until the
disability la- removed, shall devolve upon
the lieutenant tioveinor.
Sec. I. In case of a vacancy In the office
of Lieutenant GovermaT, or when ttte Lieu- (
tenant Governor shall ih itnpjaclied by the
Houe of i&epresenuuives, orsliall la-unaide
to exenise the duties of his office, the pow
ers, out iea, and emoluments thereof for the
remaiuder of the term, or until the d i su
al i I ity ta removed, shall devolve upon the
President riti TXXPokcof the Semite; aud
tlie i'reaident pro tempore of the Senate
shall in like manner become tvovernor if a
vacancy or diabilily shall occur in the office
of Governor; his seat as Senator shall be
tarcome vacant whenever he shall Is-coiue
tivei nor, aud shall tie filled by electiou as
any other vacancy in the Senate.
sec. la. Every bill wnich shall have pasa
etl both litaises shall la presented to the
kvertior; If he approve, he shall sign it;
but if be ahall not approve, he siiall return
it with hi objection lo the hoiw in whieii
tt shall have originated, which house shall
enter the objections at large up in their
journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If. ai
le such recoiisnleration, tao-thlnU of all
the uieuiter eltH-ted to that bouse shall
agree t pass the bill, it shall be sent wilu
the ot jei-Utu-i to the ottaer tiouse, by which,
likewise, il shall la r considered, and if ap
pnived by two-thirds ol all the iiiemlaii
t lee ted tu that house, it shall be a law ; but
iu such rase the votes of lad h house shall
la- determined by yeas and nays, and tlie
names o ttte uiem tier voting for aud agalust
the bill shall i-eeiilert d on lhejourn.il. ol
e:u-h housf respectively. If any Idil snail
n t la; r lurtieu by lheGvernor wllliiu teu
daysaiu-rit shall have been p resettled to
bun, the same shall la a law In like manner
as if he had signed it, unless the General
Assembly, by their adjournment, prevents
Its return. In which case il shall lie a law,
unless be ahall file the same, with hi objec
tions, iu the office of th secretary of the
Commonaeallh. ami give notice thereof by
public pna-lamation within thirty days al
ter such adjournment.
Sec, la. The Governor shall have power
to disapprove of any item or Items of any
bill making appropriations of money, eui
hntciug diatinci iu uis, and the part or parts
ol the hill approved nhuli Ih- tile law, and
tiie item or items of appropriation disap
proved snail be void unievs tepaasal tvr-oru-ing
to tlie rule and limitations prescribed
for the pasa;tge oi other bills over fhe ex
ecutive Veto.
See. IT. The Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court shall preside upon the trial ol any
coiilestedelecttoii f Govermaror Lieu ten -aut
Governor, and shall dti-ide quesinms
regarding lite admissibility of evidence, and
snail, u is oi request of the committee, pro
uoune his opinion upon o;her quest ion ol
law involved it the trial. The Gwvernor
and Lieutenant Governor snail exercise the
Uulteooi llieir resfteeii ve ottices until their
sui-eessii stiall ia du!y qualified.
Sec. la. The Seca-tiry oj the Oomnion
wealth shall seep a record of all oflieial acts
and procecaiiigsof lite Governor, and when
require! lay the same, with all paper, mi
nutes and viHichcrs relating thereto, la-fore
cither brunch of the General Assembly, aud
perform atich other duties as may be enjoin
ed upon him by law. .
Sl-c. la '1 he secretary of Internal Affiilrs
shall exercise all the poweraaiid erform all
thedutiesof the surveyor General, subject
ti such changes as shall lie made bv lw.
His department shall cmorace a bureau of
industrial statistics, and he aha 1- (lischare
auchluties relating to corporal ions to the
charitable iiistilniiotia, tne agricultural,
maiiulueiuniig. m.n.ug, mineral, liiuia-r
aud other material or busiucs interests of
tne slate, as may he )rescrilied bylaw, lie
siiall annually, and at u h other time aa
may be requited by law, muk i report lo the
General Assembly.
riee. JJ. 1 he superintendent of Public In
struction shall exercise ail the powers aud
la-rform all the duties of the Suicriittcndeut
of Common Sclnsds, subject to such changes
s shall be made by law.
Sec. 21. The term of the Secretary of In
ternal Attaint shall be four years, ot'tlie Au
uitor General, tnree years, and oi the Sinte
1 reasur'i two years. These otiicer shall be
cltoa-n by the qualified elector of the SL.it e
arsirerul eleciions. No person elcctid to
tbeollleeot Auditor General or State Trea
surer shall la? capable of holding tlie same
office for two consecutive terms.
sec L The present Great Seal of Penn
sylvania shall far Ihe seal of the stale.
All commissions shall la? in the name and
by authority of ihe Commonwealth of Pen n
sylvunia, and lie sealed with the State seal
and signed by the Governor.
ARTICLE V.
THE JCMCIABY.
SETinj 1. The Judicial power of this
Commonwealth shall la vested in the Su
preme Court, in courts of common pb-aa.
courts of oyer and terminer anil vem -ral
Jail delivery, conrt of quarter session of
tne peace, or p nana courts, magistrates
court, and in such other courts a the Gen
eral Assembly may from time lo time estab
lish. Sec. 2. Tlie Supreme Court shall consist
of seven judges, who shall las elected by the
qualified electors of the State at large. They
shall hold their offices for the term of
tweuty-oue years, if they so long behave
lh nisclves well, but shall sot Iteagaiu ell-
8ible. The judge whae comiujssion shall
rat expire shaii be chief justice, and there
alter eaeh Judge whose commission ahall
first ex pin-shall tn turn la? chief justice.
Sec. Jw The jurisdiction of the Supreme
CY-urt shail extend over the Stale, and the
judges thereof shall, by virtue of their ol
ficcs, be justices of oyer and terminer and
geiiend jail delivery in the several counties;
they shall have origiual jurisdiction incases
of injunction, and where a corporation is a
party defendant, of habeas corpus or 1 in
hamvsio courts of inferior jiinsdivuiin
and of quo wakkakt as to all officers of
tbeCommonwealth whose jurisdiction ex
tends over tlie state, but shu 11 not exercise
any other original jurisdiction ; ihey shml
have appellate jurisdiction by appeal, cfk
tiobaki or writ of error In all casea, as is
now or may hereafter la- provided by law.
Sec. 4. tDtil otherwise directed by law
the courts of common pleas shall coutinne
as at prevent established, except as herein
changed ; not moreihau four cfaiiitiesshalL
at any time. Is included in one Judicial dis
trict organ? ret I for said couns.
Sec, -i. Whenever a county shall contain
forty thousand inhabitants it shall consti
tute a separate judicial district, and shall
elect one judge learned in the law; and the
General Assembly shall provide for addi
tional judges, as the business of thesitld dis
trict may require. Conn lies, containing a
population less than is suflii lent to conMi
tute separate districts shall la-formed into
convenient singU diatriets, or. If iiecesaarv.
may be attached to nMiii.nniw iiMtra..t.
t:e f.encral Asseml-iy may pmvble. The
office of associate Judge, not .learned in tiie
law, is alajliabed in couutiea'toriainz ..j,,.
rate dialricts; but the several associate
judges tn office when thKconstltution shall
be adopted shall serve lor their unexpired
terms.
Sec. 6, In the counties of Philadelphia
and Allegheny, all the jurisdiction and
iMtwers now vested in the district Courts and
Courts of Common Picas, subject to such
changes as may bv made by this constitu
tion or by law, shall la- in Philadelphia vest
ed In four, and In Allegheny in two distinct
and separate courts of equal and co-ordinate
Jurisdiction compos, d of three Judges
each, the said court m phlladelpha shidl
be designated respectively as the Conrt of
Common Pleas number one, number two,
number ihrev and number four, and In Alle
gheny as the Court of Common pleas num
ber one and nnraber two, but the unmtifr of
said courts may be by law increased, from
time to time, aud suaU las iu like manlier
designated bysoeeasalve numbers; tlie no m
ber of Judjes in any of said courts or in
anv county where the establishment of an
additional court may be authorised by law.
may be increased from lime toume; aim
whenever such increase shall amount In tne
whole to three, ancb ihreejudgaa ahall com
pose a distinct and separate court as al tare
said, which shall be nam be red as aforesaid.
In Philadelphia all suits shall be instituted
in the said Courts of Common Fleas, with
out designating tlie nuintM-r of said court,
and the several courts shall distribute and
apportion the business among them In su'-h
manner as shall be provided by rule of
CfHirt. ami each court to which any smtshall
be thus aseigned shall have exeluaive Juris
diction thereof, subject to change of venue,
lasshiill benrovided by law. iu AHegiieny
each oairt .ait have exclusive Jurisdiction
of all proceeding at law ami in equity
commenced therein, suluect tu ebange oi
venue a mav be provide I by law.
jsee. 7. ror t'hiladtlrhia there shall be
one Pr tli notary s ofllce, and one Prist ioio
tary ir all aaid cnurta, to be appointed by
the judges of said courts, and to hold office
for three Years, subject to removal by a ma
Jtsriiy ol" the aaui judge; the said Pro
ihouiatary shail appoint anrh assistants aa
mav Is; necetiearfc' and authorized by said
conrt. and he end iiasltanlshall receive
tlxetl saianes, to be determined by law and
paid by said county ; all fees collet led in said
office, except sm-h as map be bylaw due to
tiie Commonwealtu, shall be paid by the
Prntboiiaiary into the county treasury.
Each conrt shall hare its separate dockets,
except the jc lament docket, which shail
con Lain the jng taenia and liens of all the
aaid court, aa is or mav la directed by law.
Sees. Theaaid ctnrts In thecounties of
Philadelphia and Allegheny respectively
shall, from lime to time, iu turn, detail one
or more of ihe:r iude to hold Ihe oour.a of
oyer and Terminer and the court a ol Quar
ter Seaaion of the Peace of saio ct ain ties m
such manner as may tie dim ted by law.
See. tf. Judges of the Courts of Common
Pleas learned in the law siiall tar Judges ol
the courts if Oyer and Terminer, Quarter
Sessions of the Peace, nod emral Jail I de
liver y. and of the tarphans' Court, and with
in their respective districts shail be Justi
ce of the peuce a to criminal matters.
Sec, In. The J udgea of l be court ol Common
rieaa. within their respective counties, shuit
have power to issue a rils of cr.KTioRAKi to
Justices of the peace and other interior
courts not ff record, and to cause their pro
ceeding to be hn Might before them and ngat
and ji.stice to la done.
Sec. 11. Except aa otherwise provided in
tli IVkiwlitnliitn ittHtiena af tile Oeaatt Of
I niuermen shall la? elected in fhe several
w anls. itisiricta. tssmnah and tow nab I pa al
the time of the election of constables, by Ihe
qualified elector thereof, in such manner
as ahall tie directed by law, and ahall be com
missioned by the governor for a term of
five years. No township, ward, district or
bomagh siiall elect more than twojusllcea
oi the oeace or aldermen without ttiecon-
sent of a majority of the qualified electors
aithin such toaiishlp. ward or tonmgh ; no
person shall be elected to such oiflee uu
less he si tail have resoled within the town
ship, larough, ward ir district tor one year
next preceding his election. In cities con
taining over fifty thou -nd inhabitants, not
more titan one alderman shall be elected in
each ward or district.
svc. 12, In Philadelphia there shall be
3bbllsheti, for each thirty thousand inhale
iianla, oneciMirt not of record, of police and
civil causes, with jurisdiction not exceeding
one hundred dollars; such ctHirt shail t
held by magistrates whose term of office
shall be live yearn, and Ihey shall he c lee ted
on general ticket by the qualified voters at
large ; aud In the election of the said magis
tn.le uo voter shall vote for more than two
thirds of the number of person lo be elect
ed, when more than one are to beehoaen ;
Ihey shall In compensated ouly by fixed sal
aries, to be paid bv said county ; aud shall
exercise such jurisdiction,
civil
ax.d crimi
nal, exrebt as herein provided, aa ia now ex
ercised bv aldermen, subject to such change,
not involving an increase of civil Jurisdic
tion or con feif ng political diitie. as nuy be
made by law. In Phiiupelphia the oliiee of
alderman K abolished.
Sec. U. All fees, fines ami penalties In
aaid courts .shall be paid in the county treas
ury. sec. II. In all cases of summary convic
tion tn this Common wealth, or of judgment
in suit for a pcualty lforea magistrate, or
court not of record, either part. may appeal
to Mich court of record aa may be pre-acrita-d
by law, upon allowance of the ap
pellate court or juUge thereof, upon cause
shorn u.
s-c. IA AH Judge reqnlred to he learned
in the law. except the judge of the Supreme
Court, siiall lr elected by Uie qualified elec
tors of the respective districts over whieh
they are to preside, and ahull hold their
offices for the period of ten years, if they
shall mi long la-have themselves well ; hut
for any reasonable cause, which siiall uot la
surtieienl giamd for impeachment, the liov
eruor may remove any f them on the ad
dress of two-thirds of each house oi the Gen
era,! Assembly.
sec. ia. Whenever two Judges of the Su
preme Court are to I' chosen for the same
term of service, eaeh voter shall vote for one
ouiy. aud when three are to In chitfteu, be
ahall vote for no more than two; candi
dates highest in votes shail be declared
fcaecled.
Sec. 17. Should any twoormarejndgcsof'
the Supreme Court, or any two or more
judges of tne Court of Common Plea for tlit
snine district be elected al the aatne time,
they shall, as soon utter tin- election as con
venient, cast lots lor priority of commission,
and certify the result to ;he Governor, who
shall Isaus their commissions in lacorduucc
therewith.
Sec. la. The Judges of the Supreme Court
aud tl' judgrs. of the several Court of Cm
itiuu Pleas, aud ail other judges required to
la? learned in the hi w, aliali. al statcu tiuies,
reieie for their services an adequate eom
pensaiicn. wiiieb shall tar fixed b : law. uud
piinl by l lie isiate. Tin y slail receive no
other coiiipeusation, fees, or perquisites of
ottice for tneir service from auy source,
nor hold auy other office of profit under fhe
I'nited Slates, this stale, or auy other
State.
Sec, !. The judges of the Supreme Court,
during their continuance in oil ice. sh.l re
sioe within this Commonwealth ; and the
other judges, during their coutinuauce in
office, shall resn le wituin tbe districts for
wnich they shall la? respeeiively elected.
Sec. "Jl. Tne several Courts of Com.non
Plea, beside the powers herein eonfi-i red.
shall have and exeicise within tiieir respec
tive district?, subject to such changes at may
la? made by law, such chancery rawer kj
are now vested by law in tiie several Courts
of .oinnion Piwtsof this Commonwealth, or
as may berealier be conferred upon them by
law.
sec. 21. No duties shall be imposed by law
upon ttie Supreme C-nrt or any of the judges
thereof, rx'-cpl such as are Judicial , nor shall
any ol the Judges thereof exercise any power
of apMintuieu;, except as herein provided.
The Court of Nisi Priu la l.eret.y atsiiished,
and nocourt ot original juriadiction to lav pre
sided over by auy one or more of the
judges of the supreme Court shall lac estab
lished. see. 21. In every county wherein the pop
ulation shall exceed one hundred and fitly
thousand the General Assembly shall, and
in any other county may, establish a sepa
rate Orphans' Court, tocouaist of oue or more
Ju Iges who shall la? learned in tbe law,
ahich nx.rt ahull exercise all the Jnrisoie
tuHi and powers now vested In, or ahich
may hereafter be conferred upoii, the or
phans' Courts, ami Iherenoon the jurisdic
tion of the judges of the Court of Common
Plena within such ciHimy, In Orphans' Court
proceeding, shall reuse and determine; in
any county In which a separate Orphans'
Court shall Ih established tbe Register of
Will shall beclet ot such CouiUattd sub
ject to its direction in all matters pertaining
fi his office; he may appoint assistant clerks,
hut only with the consent and approval of
said court. All account filed with him as
register or as clerk of Ihe said separate Or
phans' Court shail be audited by the Court
without expense lo pait'es. except where all
parties in interest In a pending pmeeedlng
shall nominate mi auditor wlanu the court
may. In its discretion, appoint. In every
county Orphan' Courts shall poasessal! the
powers and juriadletton of a Register'
Court, and separate Itegister's Courts are
hereby alsdisi.ed.
Sec. St. The style of nil process ahall be
ihe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania."
All prosecu t io as shall la carrietl on Iu the
name and by tiie authority of the Common
wealth of Pennsylvania, and conclude
against the peace aud dignity of the wmr.
See. 24. In aM cases of felonious homicide,
and In such other criminal cases as niav Is
provided for by law, the accused,, after
convhtion and sentence, may remove Ihe
indictment, record, and proceedings le the
Supreme Court for review.
Sec 2. Any vacancy happening by death,
resignation, or otherwise, in any court of
record, shall lie filled by appointment by the
Governor, to continue tiit the tirt Mondav
of January next succeeding th first gen
eral election, whieh shall occur three or
more months alter the happening of such
vacancv.
Sec X. All laws relating to eimrts shall be
general and of uniform operation, and the
organisation, jurisdiction and power oi mil
conn i.f the same class or grade, so fiir aa
regulated by law. and the forca and effect
of the process and judgments of such oairts
shall Is uniform : and the (General Assem
bly ia hereby prohibited from creating other
courts to exercise the power vested by thi
constitution In the Judges of the Courts of
Common Pleas and Orphan s Courts.
Sec, 15. The parties, by agreement filed,
may. In any civil case, dispense with trial
by jury, and submit the dision of such
ease to the court having jurisdiction thereof,
aud such court shall hear and determine the
rame; and the iu igment thereon shall be
subject to writ of error a in other cases.
ARTICLE VL
IaytACnSf EJCT AND KIMOTAL FBOV OFFICS.
fcKr-riox L The Hocsa of Representa
tives shall have the sole power of unpeacb-
nicnL.
Sec. X All impeach menu shall be fried bv
the Senate, when s iting lor that purpose,
the Senators shall 1? upon oath or aifirma
lion; no person shall be convicted without
the concurrence of two-lhlrds of the mem
bers present,
cc. 3. The Governor and all other civil
officer shall l Ihihle to impeachment for
any misdemeanors In office. but judgment in
such cae shail not extend further than to
removal from office and disqualification to
hold any office of trust, or profit under this
Commonwealth; the aersou accused, whet her
convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless la
liable to indictment, trial, judgment and
punishment according to law.
See. 4. Ail officers shall hold their offi-
on the condition that they behave them
selves well wnile in office, and shall be re
moved i d conviction of misbehavior in
ofTWon f any tniamoua crime.
Appointed officer other than Judges of
the couna of record and the Superintendent
of Public Instrurtlon, may ta removeu at
the pleasure of the lower by which they
shall have been appointed. AH officers
elected by the people, except Governor,
Lieutenant Governor, mem tars of t he Gen- r
alAMembly, and judge nftfiecounsot record
learned in the law, shall be removed by fhe
Governor for rcasouabU cause, aiUr due.
noUcaan&full hearing, ofa Vm address of
lwouiiru m iot awn a is.
ARTICXI Vli.
,t. oath or omci
ow,nir 4 SMiMtnn and Renreaentatlvea
and all tadiclal State, and connty officers,
shall, before entenng on the duties ot th ir
respective office, take ana subscribe the kn
owing ootb or affirmation :
-I dosolemnlv swear tor aiTnn that I will
Mipporl, ola-y and defend the Constitution of
trie l it lien etraiea inu tuv v"""--"-
ik. a ...T.nsrnltb and mat 1 will dis
charge the duties of my office with fidelity;
that I have ma paid orconinmi.co. or Pro-i-snl
lo pay or contribute, either directly or
indirectly, any money or other valuable
thing to procure my nomination or election
for appointment eX'-ept ftr n-cessary and
f roper exiH iiaes expressly aulhorixeu
aw; that 1 have not knowtngTy violated any
election law ol thi Commonwealth, or pro
cored it to be done by other in my behalf;
tiuit 1 wiil m l knowingly ieeeie, dlnctiy or
indireetlv, any money or other valuable
thing pif Ihe p'rPaTmance or non-performance
of anv act or duty pertaining t my
i ffice. other than the compensation allowed
the foregoing oath shall be administered by
some person authorized to administer oaths,
ami In the case of state officer and Judges
of the supreme Court, shall beflleil iu the of
fice of the Secretary of ih Commonwealth,
and In the rase of other judicial and county
officer. In tbe office of the Proihonotary of
the county in wtiicti the same N taken ; any
person rent sing to lane said oath or affirma
tion shall forfeit his office, and any peravn
i.a Hti k MknviriMi of having sworn or
affirmed falselv. or of having violate! said
oath or affirmation, shall be goilty or perju
rv, ami tar forever disqualified from ladding
any office of trust or profit a iUnn this Com
n;n wealth.
The oath to the member of theSennteand
!imeof Repreaentati vea shall fa? adminis
tered by one of the Jtnlges of the supreme
Court or or a Court of Common Pleas, learn
ed tn the law, in the hall ot the house to
which the members shail be elected,
ARTICLE VIIL
acrrgAt.B AM flxctioh.
Skctio! L Kvery malecittjen twenty-one
yearaid age. ptavM-ssiiig the lollowiitg quail
Crayons, shall be entitled to vote al all dec
tms; Kiral. He shall have been a eitix n of the
l"nitei states at least one month.
Second, lie ahall have resided in the State
one year for if, having previously tarn a
qualified elector or native horn cittxen ot the
state, be siiall have removed therefrom aud
returned, theua.x moulhaj immediately pre
ceding the election.
Third. !e shall have resided In the elec
tion district where be ahall offer to vote at
least two months immediately preceding the
election.
Ponrlh. If twenty-two years or upwards.
he sliail have paid a ilbln taovrsa State
or county tax. ahich ahull have been assessed
al least two months and paid at least oue
month be lore ihe election.
Sec. The general election shall be held an
nually ou tiie Tuesday next following I he first
Monday of November, but the General As
sembly may by law fix a uitfereut day. two
third ot all tiie members of each hiai.se con
senting thereto.
see. 3. All elections for city, ward, bor
ough, and townshipntficers, tor regular teims
ot sei -vice, shall be he la on the thud Tuesday
of February.
See. 4. Ail elections by the citizens
shall he by ballot. Every ballot voted shall
la? numbered in the order in which it shall
be received, and the number recorded b tbe
election officers on the list of voters, opposite
the name of Iheelector who presents the bal
kit. Any tie tor may write bis name upon
bis ticket, or cause the Mime to be written
thereon and attested by a citizen of the d la
in U The election officer shall be sworn or
affirmed not todiselose how any elector shall
have voted uuIcsn required lo do so as wit
nesses In a jnuicial proceeding.
Sec. 4. Heel or siiali in ail cases except
treason, felony, aud breach or surety ot the
euce, lie privilegtd from arrest during their
attendance on elections and in goiug to uud
teturuing therefrom.
Sec. H. When -ver any of the qualified elec
tors of Ibis vonimonwealtu sltab I in act ual
military wrvUv, unri-r mUis.!i'u iniu the
Pre MOeul of tbe I mted stairs or by tbe au
thority of this Commonwealth, auchelectora
Uiuv exep-lse th- iigUl of auffiage mall elec
tions by tneciiiieiis. uniler such regulations
as are or shall be prescribed bylaw, asluily
a If they were present at their usual places
of e tee t ion.
Sec. 7. All laws regulating the holding of
ebvtions by the cilizetia or for the regisira
tiou of electors shall laj uniform lhroiit.oul
the Stae, but no elector ahall le deprtwd of
the privilege of voting by reason of hisname
not ts'in; legiatered.
sac. H. Any pa'naiit who fhall give, or prom
ise or oficr lo Kive to an elector, any money,
re wanl or outer valuable consideration Kr
his vote at an election or lor Withholding tbe
same, or who shall give or promise to give
scci. ioiia. raiion to any other per sou or
party for such elec tor s vote, or for the wilb
holuing then-id. and any ie-tiraho snail
re-4-eive oi agree lo receive, for himself or for
another, an money, re wanl, or other val lia
ble consideration lor hi vide at an election,
or fr wittibi.idmg the same, snail thereLy
fotteit tbe right to vote at such election, and
any elector whsse right to vote shall Le
challenged for audi cauae before the electfou
oIti-ers slull la? nquiied to -.wear or afli ut
that the matter of the challenge is untrue be
hire his vote shall be received.
Sec. 9. Any person who shall, while a can
didate for othev. la- guilty of bnb ry, fraud,
or willful violation of anv election law, shall
be forever disqualified troin hobiingaii the
f.i I rti1 nn iti tln.l 'mi.. iiittull K - a it it
! any ta-rsou convuteo of willful violation of
the etiviion laws, aliali. iu addition to any
pt nalties pnivideI by law,la-dt privtd ot the
r.gbt of sal! rage absolutely for a term ol four
years.
ri 10. In trials of cunsted elections, and
In proceeding tor the tnvewtigKtion of elec
tions, no peiMin shall be permuted to with
hold bis testimony upon tbe ground tu: t it
may eliminate himself or subject hintsif to
public infamy ; but such testimony shall not
afterwards la used against him In any Judi
cial proceeding, except for perjury iu giving
sui b testimony.
s-e, ;i. Townships and wards of cities or
borough shall form or Te divided Into elec
tion district of compact and contiguous ter
ritory. In such manner as the Court of titar
ler Sessions ot the cny or county in which
ihe wr.ir arc basted may direct; but dis
trict ia cities of over one hundred thousand
Inhabitants ahull 1-divided by tbeCourUof
oaarter Sessions having jurisutciion therein
aheuever al the next preceding election
more than two hundred and fifty votes shad
have beeu polled therein; andolh r election
districts whenever the court of tiie proper
county shall la? of opinion that the conven
ience of tlie electors apd the public Interests
will be promoted thereby.
See. IJ. AH election by persons In a repre
sentative capacity shall Ih viva voce,
see. IX. ) or the purpose of voting, no per
son shall be de. nun to have gamed a resi
dence by reaton of his presence, or lost It by
reason of hia aoaence while emp loved In the
servR-c, either ivil or military, of 'this Slate
or ol the I n i ted States, nor while engaged
iu tlie uavignlion o tbe watersotthe state
or of the Lulled states, or on the high seas,
nor whl ;e a student of any institution of
learning, nor while kept In anv poor house
or other asylum at publicexpeiise, nor a bile
coiihued in public prison.
Sec. It. lMs.net election hoArda aha I eon
Mist of ajuiJv.c ami two inspector, alio shall
la? chosen unnually by the citizens. Kach
elector shall have the right to vote for the
judge and oue inspector, and each Inspector
haii nppoiut onecleik. The first election
board lor any new district sh-ill l-e selected,
and vaeiaicies in election hoards filled r
shall be privided by law. Election officers
sl al le privilegeii lrm arrest upon days of
election and wnile engaged lu making np
aud transmitting retuins, except upon war
rant of a court ol record or jude tliereif for
u e ecti n Irauu. lor felony, or for wanton
breach of he peace. in cities they may
( la im exemption from Juiy duty during
til -ir term of servU-e.
See. l.'x No person shall be qualified to
serve aun election oflii-er who shall hoid,
orHballwithiu taomoutlia have held any
office, npM)intmeut, or emplovment In or
under the Government of the I it lied States,
or this state, or ol any city or count v, ir of
anv municipal board, commisaiou, or trust
iu any city, save or.ly Justices of the peace
ami aldermen, notaries public, and persons
In the militia service of the state; nor shall
any election officer be eligible to any civil
office tu be filled at an electiou at which be
shall serve, save only to such subordinate
municipal or )-nl offices below the grade of
i ity or county otLces as aliali be designated
by general law.
See. hi. The Courts of Common Pleas of
the several counties of the Commonwealth
shall have power within their respective Ju
risdiction lo appoint overseers ot election
to supervise tlie proceeding of election effl
ct rs, ami to make report to the court as may
la required ; such appointments to be mi
for any district in a city or county, upon pe
tition of live citixena, lawful vote a of such
election district, selling forth that such ap-j-oii:lmcnt
ih a reasonable precaution to se
cure tbe purity and fairness of election
overseers ahall be taoin number for an eh
lion district, shall be resident therein, and
shall be persons qual.Beu to aerve upon
election hoard, and in each case members
of dim-rent political parties; whenever the
members ii an r.ectiou board shall differ in
op.nlnn, the overseers, if they shall be
agreed I hereon, shall decide the question of
difference; in apnoiuliug overseer of elec
tion, all th law juoges of t e proper court,
able to act at tbe tiae, shall concur in the
aptHMuinieaia made.
sec i;, ihe toal and determination of
contested elections of electors of President
and Vice President, members of the 4teral
Assembly, and of ail public officer, whether
state. Ju.licial, municipal, or local, shell be
by the court ot low, or bv one or more ol
tlie law judges thereof; the General Assem
bly shall, by general la a, designate the
courts and judges by whom the several
cii.ess oi citation conteaia shall be tried
and regulata tbe manner of trial ai d all
matter incident thereto; but such law
hKMgiiiu,; jurisdiction, or regulating Its exer
cise, shall si p. y toai.y content ariaing out
of an election held la-fore it passage,
ARTICLK IX.
TjkZATioa asd riKiicx.
Sectiox 1. AU Uxea hali be natfonu
rpon the fairs ciaas ot w.kjocU witbin tbe
territjri.il 'imita ot the authority levying
the tux, dad ha!l he levied and cuilected
uodcr g.Dcral Lvs; but tbe Gearrai Aa
aembly may, by general law, exempt from
taxation public prupertT aed .W poblic
purpose, actual place of re.igiooa wo.,
hip, places of burial not nard or held tor
private vr corporate profit, aud inatitutioaa
of purely jublir chari'r.
Stc. 2. All lava cxcoipting property irm
taxation, other t turn tbe property akxne
enniueritted, hx'l uc vuid.
Sic. 3. The poirer to tax corporation
aud corporate property ahall not bo sturvn-
dered or appended if An contra! fat
grant to which tho Sute .ghall be a party.
Sec. 4. No debt shall be created by of oo
behalf of the State, except to anpply casual
defccienci of revenue, repel invasion, up
press ineturectfon, deletid the Ute irt war,
or to par existing debt, and thft debt crea
ttd lo nppW dcHcictities tn revenue aall
never exceed in the gpsregate at any one
time one million of dollar.
Sec. 5. All hwi anthorixinf tbe borrow,
mg of monev by and oo behalf rf the Sute
hall specify tha purpose ior which the
moner "is to be used, and the money so
borrowed shall be used lor the purpose ape-
;iMf rand an other
Src. 6. The credit of the Commonwealth
,
abxfi not be plcdced or loaned to any imn-
via ual, companv, corporation, or asocia.
tion. nor shall fhe Commonwealth become
sh.inl owner or stockholder in any com- j
lion, nor auai. ...a v"'"7i . i .nV.am. 1
.joint onmr or atockMd m any com- ,
1 Src. 7. The General Asembly ahaU not
authorixe any connty, city, boroub, town-
shin or incorporated district to become a ;
sbip or incorporated
tockholder in any company,
corporation, or
k.an i. cn,lit ti eor.
fr.nnv tor OT to Ul
t.mti'un. aaaociation. institution or in li.
i ,
vidiial.
sr 8. The debt of any county, city,
borough, townahip, acbool diotrict, or other
...ir:itv. or inco-borated dutrk-t, ex
cept a hereiu provided, ahall never exceed
eit-n per centum i.pon incvxsam
of tbe taxable property therein, Dor ahall
ny anch niunk illity or district incur any
new debt, or increase its indebtedness to an
amount exceeding two per centum upon
Bitch assessi-d valuation of prorty with
out the assent of tlie electors thereof, t a
public election, in such manner aa snail oe
Tovkied by law, but any ciiy, Ihe ilebt of
ahich now exceeds seven per cent um at
such assessed valuation, may be authorised
by law to increase the same three per cen
tum in the aKregatat any one time npon
such valuation.
Sac. 9. The Commonwealth shall not aa.
amue the debt, or any part thereof, of any
city, county, borough or township, unless
aiu'h d-.'bt shall have been contracted to en
able the State lo repel invasion, suppress
domestic insurrection, defend itsell in time
of war. or to assist Ihe State in the dis
charge of any portion of its present in
debtedness.
Sec. !0. ny connty, township, school
district, or other munkipali'y incurring
anv Indebtedness, shall, at or betore the
time of so doing, provide lor the collectiou
of an annnal tax sutticient to pay the int.-r-est
and also tbe principal thereof within
thirtr rears.
Sac J 11. To provide for the payment of
the present State debt d any add.lion. , uioa. of Ilia constitution,
debt contracted as aforesaid, the General ,J 3 ft, exercise ot lie riL: t . m
Asscmbly shall cont.nne and maintain the aJWa;el or-
sinking luad suhVicnt to i ay the cci..ng to nt tK, ,
interest on.such debt and jnnually to re- r rrmochiae.
once the pr.ncip.-I thereof by a sum "o ! - ; '
less thin two hundred and til tw thousand
dollars ; the said sinkius; fund shall consist
of the proceeds of the sales of tbe public j
works or any part thereof, and of the in-'
come or proceeds of tbe sale of any stocks
owned by the Commonwealth, together
with other lunds and resources that mty be
designated by law. and shall be increased
Iroiu time to time by assigning to it any
part of the taxea or other revenue ol .he
Stale not required for tbe ordinary and
current expenses of government; and un
less in case of war, invasion, or inurrne
tion, no part of tbe said sinking fund shall
be used or applied otherwise than in the
extingui- hmen: of the public debt.
Sec. 12. The moneys ot tbe Slate, over
and above the necessary reserve, shall be
used in the payment of th debt of the
State, eiiher directly or through tbe sink,
ing lund, and the nionevsol the sinking
tund shall never be invested in or loaned
U on tiie security of anything except the
bonds of the I'nited States or ol this Slate.
Sic. 1-?. The moneys held as noccssarr
reserve shall be limited by law to the amount
required lor current expenses, -nd shall Be
secured and kept a may be provided by
law. Monthly statements shall ! publish
ed showing tbe aniouM of such moneys,
where the same are deposited, and how se
cured. Sic. 14. The tuakkig of p-ofltout of the
public moneys, or usiig the sauie tor any
purpose not authorized bv law, by any oi
hcer of the S tute or member or otta-er ot
the General Assembly, shall be a misde
meanor, and shall be punished as may be
provided by law, but part ot snch punish,
nicnl shall be a disqualification to hold ot
hce lor a period ot not less than live years.
ARTICLE X.
rillCATIOH.
Sf-CttohI. The General Assembly shall
provide tor the maintenance aud support
of a thorough aud efficient aysieui ol pun
lie schools, wherein all the chiM.-ou o!
this Commonwealth, above the ae of six
years, may be educated, and shall s prvpri
ateat least one million doMars each ) ear lor
lhat purpose.
Sac. i. Ku money raised for tbe support
ef the public schools of the Commonwealth
shall be ap; ro;.riatcd to or Used ior the sup
port of any sectarian schools.
Sec 3. Women twenty one year of age
and upwards shail be eligible to any utuce
of control or management under the
school laws of this State.
' AKT1CLE XI.
Sacrioa 1. The freemen of this Common
wealth shall be ariurd, organized and dis
ciplined lor its defense when aad in such
manner as may be directed ay law. The
General Assembl shall provide for Bian
taining the aalitia by appropriations from
the Treasury of the Commonwealth, and
may exempt from military service persons
hsving conscientious scruples agaiuat bear
ing arms.
ARTICLE XII.
rtBLic orrtcaaa.
Eectiov 1. AU officers whose selection is
not provided for in this constitution shall
be elected or appointed aa may be directed
by law.
Sic. 2. No member of Congress from this
Sute, nor any person holding or exercising
any office or appointment ol trust or prout
under the United States, shall at the same
time hold or exercise any ouVein ihie S'a'e
to which a aalary, feea or perquisites shall
be attached. The Cenera Assembly may
by law declare what ottices are incompatible
Sic. S. Any person who shall fihiaduel
or seed a challenge tor lhat purpose, or re
aider oi abettor in Ighting a duel, ahall oe
deprived of tue right of holding any olhce
of honor ur pro tit iu this State, and may oe
otherwise punished aa shall be prescribed
by Us.
ARTICLE XIII.
W COCJtTIES.
Sxcrioa 1. No new couuty shall be s
tablished wbirh shall reduce any county to
less than four huudred square aailea, or to
less thaa twenty thousand inhabitants ; nor
fhall anv county be formed of less area, or
containing s less population, Dor shall any
line thereof pass within ten miles of tbe
county seal of anv countv nroiaiatai to h
divided.
ARTICLE XIV.
corarr orricxaa.
Srenos 1. County officers shall consist
of sheriffs, coroners, prothonotariea, regis
ters of wills, recorders of deeds, commis
sioners, treasurers, surveyors, auditors, or
controllers, clerks of the courts, dUtrict
attorneys, and such others aa may from time
to time be established by law ; and no sher
ld or treasurer shall be eligible lor the
term next succeeding the one lor which he
may be elected.
Sic. 2. County office's shall be elected a;
the general elections, and shall hoid their
othces lor the term ol three vears, begin
ning on tbe first Monday of January next
alter their election, and until their succes
sors shall be duly qnalitled ; all vae.rwies
not otherwise provided for stiall be tilled in
suck uaaner aa may W prMrided by law
Sic. 3. o per.on shall be appointed to
any ethce within any couuty who shall not
have been a citixea and aa inhabitant tae-e-m
oue year next before hia icnii.!. :
the county ahall have been so long erected,
but it it shall not have been so mna erect-
w -i.uu. i we iimiu oi tne county or
counties oat ol which it shall have been
taken.
Sxc. 4. Frothonntaries, clerks of the
courts, lecoroers ol deeds, registers of
wins, connty surveyors, sal sheiitia .hil
keep their of&cea in the county town ol tha
couuty in which they respectively shall be
vmverw.
cec. o. me compensation of couatv
o oxers snad be regulated by law, and ail
county omcera who are or mav be salaried
tuall pay all lees whiclitbej may be autbjor-
f.wltoTaeettefl Into tU tfrWJtlry fit tSO
eounty or State, a may be 4 irecud tkj.
In counties con laming '
and fifty tnotwand inhabitants all county
othcers thaU be paid by lary, d the aal
ary of affv auch oflicer and hlx clerks, bert
totore paid bt leca, shall not excecti tbw
aggregate awonnt of lees turd dnnng hia
term and collected by or lor him.
Sfcc. . The Geueral Assembly ahall pro
vide by law far the strict accountability T
aU eountv, township and uoro?h omcera,
g wi 11 lor the fevs which may be coiiecW-U
by tbem as for all public or municipal mon
eva whk-h may be paid to them.
str. 7 Three couiuv commKMiorers and
ibea.untv auditora shall Uj elected id
each counlv where such utlicera are choaen.
in the yeaone Ifnouwrnlebt hnudrl an-f
" 1
si-vent-n
ter anc
aud every lhul year mere-
alter and Lu the election of aaid othcer
te!Uolrtlirw w
than two ojia,
Wj.
be eVctcd t ny
ami too iur.v ytwuw
number of otvs shall
casual vacancy u the ottico
. - I ' a. ninl mudifiie
oi nt ii ii lv runiutrsii'iio v - -
f-o. -t th. . rounty
klUUI ocv-ur, uiw "KK"
tor of the proper county ho bM have
lor th cooiiuwr or auditor whosti
fhtcm u to bo tlllml.
ACT ICLE IV-
flTIES AND CITY CI1ABTIES.
S xcTtow 1. Cities wy W ehartered whcit
ever a ni-ijority A the electors oi" anv !nn
r borwnSi bavuv( a prwlir! of Wat
tea !hona:id nU vole at a geueral elec
tiou in favor ot tae same.
Sac. 'I odbt shll be contracted or
liubiitty iucurred by any tnurir'iiil romiuis
sion, except in pwryuauce ot aa approprm
tion previously made therefor by the muni
cipal govOTMeBt.
Sic, 5. Every city ?hH create a ai-ltir;
lubd, which ahall bo inviolably pledged for
tbe pa; incut of ita lunged debt.
autklk rv:.
fRIVATI C03F0HAT10XS.
Sxcrios 1. AUcist:jgc:'i.-tera,orr2Trtai
ot
specU or exclusive priv.ieges.
or exclusive privileges, uniier
rhkb a bona hde orao.iitioa shall uot
have tykeu place and tnsijesa been com
mcnceit in good li:L at t!io l-ic of '.'aa
ailliiii ot tlU constitution, shall there
alter have no vli !ity.
Sic 2- The General Assembly aha!! not
reui the lor.citu- of the charter ot any
corporal u. oorf existing, or a!:er or atr-nil
the sauio. or puss ny other sir-;;r il or soe
cial law tr l-V? beiietft ot ;u. ! corpriiiT,
except upon tho c ar.thtkn that sitcii corp-
tiieui to public use, tb-: same a tbe proper
ty of individuals ; Oii tiij .x-''.-is. of "ae
police power of the Staia sh'.U never Le
abridged or so construe-1 as U p.riit cor
pora.; ioiis to coiid'ict their nusins-s in such
a manner as to intru.jfe 'be rjual rights of
individuals or the general well-being of the
SUte.
Sax. 4. In all elections for direct. ra or
managers of a corporation each meuimr or
sharebokttr may cast w hole nnuib o:"
is votes lor - ne candK'at-, or uiatiibule
them upon two or Wore candidates, aa be
may prefer.
Sxc. A. So foreign entjwation s-" !
ary buniuesi in this Stale wiiuout having
one or more known places ot business, and
an author tied ageut or agecta in the same,
upon whom process nay he served.
Sac. 6. K o corporation ahall engac ii
any business other than thit expressly au-
tborized in its charter, our shall it take or
hold any real estate, except such aa u...iy be
necessary aud proper for ita legitimate busi
ness. Sic. 7. No corporation stall issue stocks
or bonds except lor mouey, U'b-' done, or
money or property actually received ; anl
all fictitious increase ol" stock or i'juvb.ed
tess iliail be void ; the st x-k s,-sl ind "lite 1
ness of corpration shall not be ira-reaset
except in pa.suauce ol jfrn r . ' v. -.r
without tbe cnris-i? jt i'u persons hol.iin
the lunr-r amount in value of tbe .ock first
obtain. J at a meutinir to be held af'er sixlv
days' notice given in pursna:." of law.
Mc. b. mumcipal aiHl other cororationa
aud individuals invented wilh the pririlego
ol taking pri.ate property lor public us
shail m ike jusi coiuiieiisation f r tT- yvi if
taken, injured destroyed by Ihe construc
tion or enlargement of their works, highways,
or improvements, whith compensatKio sh US
Ik p.i;d or secured bo: ore such ...up. in
jury, or des-.rccon. Hie Cirneral AsM:nt
biy s hereby prohibited from deprivuig any
person of au appeal from snr p v'v'rr.i-rr
asseiisiujnf jf Ui.i.iaes against any suets
corporstions or iudiviii'ily uide by view
e: or o;br;i', and the inuin: i Michi
damsjes, hi all caaej j i appeal, siiall. on
li demand ol either party, be Uelermined
b a jury according lo the e.oir-t ,-if tl.
commou taa.
Every banking law shall provide
lor the rvgistry and counters. nuin? oy au
utEcer ol tbe State, of ali i.-te or uiila de
signed for cin-ul-vt-o. and that ampie seca
rity to the lull amount th.rr.-ol shall be de
posited with the Auditor General for th
tedempvion of such cotes or uuis.
SfcC. iu. The Ueie?ri Aieiu!y shall
have the p -wer to alter, revoke, or aanul
auy cuarler u incorp4.ratii.a sue existins;
aed revjcatle at the alopiion f this coa
stuutiou, or any tnat :uay herea.':' Lec.ca
ted, whuevr iu tneir opinion i: na be in
jurious to the ci.u-?ts . thil Couimoo
wealih, ;n such a'laner, bowevc, that no
in,us:ice s.ijl "m done l. the eo-Tators.
Iso Uw hrea'ter enauteil shall crcste. r
uew, or exlotid tha cluster oi mors t! i"
one corpora'ion.
Sac. 11. corporate body to po;--
baiikin; and discouuving .tuwges shall bo
creaaeU or o's-unicd i-, pursuauci ot mr
Uw without tLree moutus' prevUua public:
colics at ihe placa of , !ctr..l iatioa,
of tiie intcot:on u apply for s ich pnvi-'eS'-"-
m uvh ciHuoer a shail be prear'ili. t
by law, aur shall a churb-r lor auch p!ivi.
lege be granted for a lotigc. cert 4 thai
tweuty ; e-rs
Sac. 12. Any associaliou or corporation
organized lur the purpose, or sv ihv;.!
ual, shall have the rifchl to construe; twt
Uia.utaia lines ot Uo-crcph wi.m ,i,iv
State, and to conrc-.t Iha w;i0 othvr
lines ; aud tbe Gene! j, Kwmbly stI, hy
graeral la ot aniivrui o-jrauon, pro-We
roasoaaUe rgulatioca lo g.ve lull edect tv
this S9c tluU.
o telerah compel-e sbit ro'.olH;i
with or hoi J a control ;r-5 interest in :ji
stock or bonds of any otuer .- !oitr ij.!. c.o.u
paiiy owning a Coinp-tim r-.c, or acquire,
by purchase or otherwise, any other cwe
petii.4 .me of telegraph.
S.c. 13. The .erui corporal: a," t
used ia this artaiie, shall te construed to
lucluJe aU joint stock compa.i-a r associ
ations having any of the owera or privi
leges of corporation not possessed by in
dividuals or partnerships.
ARTICLE XVII.
xilhoads aiiocatrais.
Sectios 1. All -ailioads and cana?' ali
be. public h:-hways, and ad riiuoaJ a.il ca
nal companies snail be common carriers.
Any asaociauoo or corvoration orgaiiUj
lor the pnrp-jse shJl have the ri-. 'nr..
auct ami operate a rati-wi tx tweeo any """
poinu within thie hute and to cenwect aa
the Sute line wilh railroads of other States.
Every raio-oad conapuiy shall have tbe ri.ha
with iu road to intersect, Conner t w.th. or
crvuaay ot her railroad, atal ahall rec .v
aud transport etch the others passengers,
tonusge, and cars, loaded or empty, with
out delay or discrimination.
Sc. 2. Every tailroad and cwial eorpo
ration organized in tljs Sute sh.ll matn
Uin au oliice therein, whert transfer or
its stock shall be made, and where its books
shall be kept for inspection by anr atoc-hold'-r
or creditor of such corporation, h
which snail be reeordod the amount ef cap
ital stock subscribed or paH ia, xvi ty
whom, the osniej uf bae owners of ita
stork and the amounts owned by the-n, re
spectively, the transfers of said stock, and.
the names and places of residence of its
officers. Sxc. 8. AJiadividuats, associationa.and
corporations shall have equal si (lit to have
persons and property transported over rail
roads and auals, and no undue, or nnrea- -unable
discrituiuation shall be made in:
charges for or in facilities I or transporta
tion of freight ot passengers wrfhin tU
Sute, or conitng trout or gv;ng to any other
SUte. Persona and property traasportciL
over aur railroad shall be Miri-mf st mr
slaUon, at cuaixee- not wxeccuanz ' tin