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The driver of this Karman Ghia found out too late-that the was slipperier than usual following the recent cold wave
section of Vairo Boulevard leading to Laurel Glen Apartments
Groups begin drives for votes
By DAVE SKIDMORE
Collegian Staff Writer
An anti-union _group and two unions
vying to represent a potential 2,100
faculty members are gearing up election
campaigns designed to win the faculty to
their viewpoints.
The Penn State University
Professional Association (PSUPA) - and
the' American Association of UniVersity
Professors (AAUP) both hope to win
elections set for March 30 and 31.
The anti-union group, Penn State
Independent Faculty, hopes to defeat the
unions. If none of the groups gets a
majority, a run-off election will be held
sometime in April.
.The Pennsylvania Labor Relations
Board (PLRB) will supervise 14 polling
places at branch campuses and three at
University Park.
The votes will be counted April 1 in
AAUP protests Board act
The American Association of
University Professors (AAUP) said it
will protest a decision made by the
ilennsylvania Labor Relations Board
' ( PLRB) that says only faculty members
away on University assignment may
vote by absentee ballots in the upcoming
faculty union elections.
The PLRB's decision, made last
Friday at a pre-election conference,
excludes faculty who may be away from
the University for personal reasons,
AAUP Penn State Chapter President G.
Edward Philips said.
Elections will be held March 30 and 31.
"The Board wants to keep absentee
ballots to a minimum," he said. "But, it
all depends on how University assign
ment is defined."
Philips said the PLRB has allowed
AAUP to present a list of the faculty it
Future of child behavior
By JAMES DePIETRO
Collegian Staff Writer
Editor's note: The following is the second of a two-part story
on behavior modification for children.
What exactly is a pre-school that uses behavior
'Modification? What does it do? And how does it operate?
l e} ,Sara Fosberg is the teacher at the University's behavior
modification , pre-school. It is her job to teach the children as
well as to train future teachers in behavior technology.
. "The things that concern us,." Fosberg said, "are arranging
stimulus situation's to maximize the behaviors we want from
the children. Different occasions set the stage for different
behaviors. We do that with the children here," she said, "and
we make it clear to them what behavior is desired in each
different situation.
"We have four curriculum areas," she said. "We teach
them communication skills, problem-solving skills, social self
help skills and motor skills. There is an area of our classroom
set aside to learn each of those things. . . .
"We have 15 teachers for 26 children and to us it is important
that all teachers know specifically what each child is learning
and has learned.
"When we plan art and music activities, for example, we
don't just arbitrarily pick things out. But each week, teachers
who are responsible for teaching small groups of children
write down what the children have learned for the week. So
when the music teacher plans a lesson, he or she tries to in
corporate what has been learned into the new lesson.
"We also write notes to parents to tell them what we've
taught the children. What we are doing, basically, is en
couraging behaviors by manipulating the stimulus situation in
the classroom."
One of the objectives the pre-school has set for the children
is creativity. How can creativity be taught? ,
"For our purposes," Fosberg said, "we have defined
creativity in terms of fluency, flexibility arid variety of
responses. So there are ways to structure the environment to
teach these things.
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AAUP distributed a leaflet yesterday
that, should reach the faculty today.
AAUP Penn State chapter President G.
Edward Philips said AAUP plans an
extensive literature campaign. PSUPA
Co-chairman Robert Olsen said his
organization will put out literature in
addition to their monthly newsletter.
Olsen said PSUPA'ig in, the process of
forming councils in each of the
University's colleges to increase faculty
input to their organization. ,
Olsen said PSUPA • would write
separate , leaflets for each college
because each college has different
issues.
"There is a lot of misinformation and
rumors concerning what collective
bargaining means," he said.
Dwight Younkin, an Independent
Faculty steering committee member,
thinks should receive' absentee ballots.
The list probably will be examined on a
case-by-case basis at the next PLRB
conference Feb. 18.
Penn State University Professional
Association (PSUPA) co-chairman
Robert Olsen said too many absentee
ballots would be awkward.
"With 14 polling places around the
state, we feel people can work their
schedules around if they're interested in
voting,' Olsen said.
Philips also objected because faculty
members must go through the ad
ministration to obtain an ''absentee
ballot.
"It ought to be that a person could
request a ballot on his own," he said.
Philips said he guessed that about 100
faculty members will use absentee
ballots.
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"The lessons we choose is one way. Also instead of having
the teacher assign the names for things, we let the children,"
Fosberg said. "We try interesting and novel things into the
classroom. For example, teachers keep' their materials in
boxes and I encourage them to put different things in the
boxes. We encourage our teachers to wear different and funny
things such as socks, maybe, of all different patterns." ,
To encourage new behaviors, the pre-school uses more kinds
of reinforcers, Fosberg said.
"One is social reinforcement. I keep in my mind, for in
stance, that so and so has a lot of trouble playing with kids, so
when I see any attempt at playing with kids, I'll hug him
because it will reinforce him for that behavior. ,
"The reinforcement is normal, but there is a lot of precision
as to when it's delivered.
"Another kind of reinforcer we use is task embedded
reinforcement," she said. "Basically task embedded rein
forcement is creating a learning situation as favorable as
possible for the child.
"The final reinforcement we use or strive for is self rein
forcement. If I am with a child who has trouble completing
things and I see that child is working on something, the first
thing I might do is go over and be with that child. My presence
is reinforcing for the child. When he finishes, instead of saying
"I'm so proud of you," I would say, Aren't you proud of
yourself?"
"You know," she said, "we can never be sure what the
children are thinking in their heads but the literature on
reinforcement suggests that this is what happens."
"You know," Fosberg said, reflecting on her last statement,
"If behavior technology has caused a problem because now
teachers can achieve certain objectives where before they
floundered; what is the purpose for all the time and money
spent for traditional education?"
"The real contribution behavior modification has brought to
the classroom," Larry D. Spence, assistant professor of
political science, said, "is that they are better organized
teachers and they' have better organized classrooms. By
oHe.ian
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. , ~
said his group should be putting out
literature next week.
Olsen said he doesn't expect any one
group to get a majority on the first
ballot. He said he expects PSUPA to win
a run-off election with AAUP. In the
event of ' a run-off between no
representative and' AAUP, Olsen said
the executive board of PSUPA probably
would endorse'AAUP.
Philips said that in a run-Off between
PSUPA and no representation, most
AAUP members probably would back
PSUPA. But AAUP as an -organization
would not take a stand, he said.
Philips said no matter who wins, there
probably will be some resentment in the
faculty. "We're trying not to Make it a
battle," he said.
Younkin said, "I don't think there'll be
much general resentment. A few in
dividual relationships may suffer."
Olsen said there is little to choose
between PSUPA and - AAUP. But he said
PSUPA would have more effect in ob
taining state funds for the University
because PSUPA has a greater state
membership than AAUP.
AAUP favors student participation in
negotiations between the faculty and
administration, Philips said. He added
that students should not have veto power
over agreements.
Olsen said the bargaining process
between the faculty and administration
is strictly an employer-employee
relationship. The students should form
their own consumer type organization,
he said.
Philips said AAUP wants to
strengthen the Faculty Senate to give
the faculty a greater voice in academic
policy.
But Olsen said the Faculty Senate is
more or less , a company union.
University President John W. Oswald
can overrule the Senate at anytime, he
said.
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Photo by Barry Wyshlnskl
Nominee runs
Fulmer
Centre County Republican Chairman Eugene Fulmer
captured the GOP nomination for the 34th District State
Senate seat by one vote last night over Walter De Verter, 82nd
District state representative from Mifflin County.
Meeting in Philipsburg to choose a candidate for the special
election that` will be held on the May 17 primary, the party
conferees voted 22 to 21 in Fulmer's favor, with a clear split
existing between Clearfield and Mifflin County delegates, and
Centre County delegates.
The Centre County delegation, headed by Jerome McCrea of
State College, cast its entire 21 votes for Fulmer, while all the
19 conferees from Clearfield and Mifflin Counties voted for De
Verter. The two Cambria conferees, who passed voting on the
roll call, voted for De Verter the second time they were
called.
Fulmer secured the required 22 votes, though, when
Cameron County delegate Harvey Wagner cast his vote in
Fulmer's favor.
The split between the delegations first appeared when
McCrea called for block voting, in which each delegation
would cast its votes as a whole. The Clearfield delegation then
requested time for a caucus, and state GOP Chairman
Richard Framer, presiding over the meeting, granted a 15-
minute recess.
When the conferees reconvened, Clearfield County Chair
man Jean Brodas immediately asked that the votes be taken
by roll call. Framer, citing the state Republican By-laws,
agreed to the request.
When conferee Wagner, the third delegate called in the roll
call, whose single Cameron County vote was considered the
most crucial, voted for Fulmer, it became apparent that the
Centre County GOP chairman was the winner. The rest of the
Student enters mayoral race
By SAMUEL D. COX
Collegian Staff Writer
' A 13th term political science
student said yesterday he will run
for mayor of State College with a goal
to have students interested in local
government.
Greg Stewart, 23, seeking the
Democratic nomination, said tension
exists between students and the
borough. He said students often do not
approve of ordinances passed by the
councilmen for their neighborhoods,
adding he would listen to students'
grievances. . .
•"I see the mayor's job mainly as
being accessible, listening, and
assisting members of the community
in bringing their problems before
Municipal CoUncil," Stewart said.
Stewart admitted that Arnold
Addison, a Republican mayoral
candidate, has the advantage of
Carter calls for Soviet arms accord
WASHINGTON (UPI) President
Carter, calling U.S. nuclear power
superior to the Soviet's, invited Moscow
yesterday to conclude "a quick
agreement" on strategic ' arms
limitation by setting aside differences
over particular weapons.
In his first news conference as
President, Carter also said he will
continue to speak out "strongly .and
forcefully" in defense of, human rights,
and considers that topic completely
separate from • other U.S.-Soviet
negotiating issues.
As if to hammer that point home, he
depolored on the spot the recent Soviet
arrest, of dissident Alexander Ginzburg
and Moscow's expulsion of an
Associated Press reporter.
"But I can't go in with armed forces
and try to change the internal
mechanism of the Soviet government,"
Carter said, and cautioned that the
imporvement of human rights in
repression regimes will be a "long,
redious!' process.
modification undecided
.. . ~
I C' s / Oa,tif i cdton
making the teacher ask what it is they want to teach and• then
arranging a classroom situation around it, they have shown it
is possible to get better results," he said.
Behavior technologists say behavior technology is
unquestionably an effective teaching tool and one without a
bias or orientation. They say if you can teach a child to read
before he is five or remove the trauma of toilet training, the
pragmatic value of their method outweighs any possible
dangers.
"I don't want to talk about what they can do and what they
can accomplish using this technology," Joseph C. Flay,
asssociate professor of philosophy said. "I say, even if great
discoveries come out of their research, it's not worth it.
"Behavior technology takes the findings of science and uses
them, so they say, to save humanity from itself. It is no longer
a science to see the way things are but rather a way to create a
reality, and that's what I object to," he said.
John T. Neisworth, associate professor of child develop
ment, shook his head.
for Senate
wins GOP bid
By PETE BARNES
Collegian Staff Writer
experience in government and that he
is more familiar with local officials
because of his 17 years as a coun
cilman. But Stewart said he has met
people from all sectors of the borough
and added that he also has a per
spective of their needs and desires.'
He was president of the University
committee in the Morris K. Udall ,
presidential campaign last year and
helped coordinate the campaign in
Pennsylvania,•Ohio and New Jersey.
Stewart said the chief importance
of the mayor's job is his veto power as
presiding officer of Council. He said
he is hesitant of the power, however,
and said the Council must have the
power to make decisions. He praised
retiring Mayor Jo. Hays, saying that
Hays has a good relationship with
Council.
"Mayor Hays could be more active,
The President repeated his support for
the long-range objective of complete
nuclear disarmament and expressed
willingness to compromise, now, with
the Soviets in order to achieve a second
stage Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty.
"I would be willing to go ahead with
the Soviet Union and conclude a quick
agreement, if they think it advisable,
and omit the cruise missile and the
Backfire bomber from the negotiations
at this stage," he said.
Completion of a SALT II treaty
limiting nuclear delivery systems has
been blocked for more than two years
because the United States has refused to
include its cruise missiles and the
Soviets their bomber within the treaty
limits.
Carter said those items could be taken
up again "in the SALT 111 talks, if
necessary."
During a 30-minute news conference
that ranged over may topics, Carter
also defended his choice of Paul Warnke
to be chief U.S. disarmament negotiator
A bell rings. Someone yells clean-up and the toys are quickly
shoved into cabinets. Dumped into boxes. -
A little girl shouts something about dinosaurs. A little boy
asks if someone wants to play monster.
Little do they realize the historical significance of what is
taking place.
Ten cents per copy
Wednesday, February 9, 1977
Vol. 77, No. 119 16 pages University Park, Pennsylvania
Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University
conferees called out their choices, the votes were totaled, and
. ~ •
Framer declared Fulmer the GOP candidate.
A person in the audience shouted, "We've got another
loser," after hearing that Fulmer was elected. A member of
the Centre County , delegation stood up a few moments later
and, asking Framer for the floor, began yelling "We've got a
winner." Many protests came from both the conferees and the
audience, and the delegate was forced back into his chair.
Before the voting, each candidate was given the opportunity
to address the conferees. Fulmer, after citing his experience
in the party and in the state House of Representatives, said the
GOP candidate for the state Senate seat should be a "cham
pion for truth, and the people; not the rich people like you
and me."
De Verter told the conferees he was there to serve the party,
but more importantly, the people of the Commonwealth.
"I can give you the best elect me, and you won't regret it
for a moment," he said.
After Fulmer was nathed the party candidate, De Verter
told the conferees that regardless of personal feelings, "if we
truly want this seat, we're all going to have to work; it's not
going to be easy." As he walked to the back of the room, he
stopped to congratulate Fulmer on his victory.
In his acceptance speech, Fulmer called for cooperation
among the party chairmen of the five counties in the district.
"We don't have much time to pull together," he said.
Describing his campaign, Fulmer siad he expected to learn
of the problems in the district and added that "we will address
ourselves to the issues."
When asked if he thought the party could pull itself together
to initiate an effective campaign, Framer said, "I think sq,
yes; there's a lot of spirit here." He also indicated that he
would be actively campaigning in Fulmer's behalf.
"We can help kids who would otherwise bang their heads
against the floor until they died and here on campus you have
some guys worrying about the child's freedom or whether or
not our premises are true or not."
"But there is no such thing as a neutral tool," Flay said.
"Physics, when it is applied to engineering, brings about great
changes for society. Fantastic changes. Anything that can
bring about great changes in a society is not neutral."
Behavior technologists have heard such arguments before.
They smile, shake their heads and explain the benefits and the
power behavior can contribute to society.
"I say, if we have the technology that is effective, why
shouldn't we use it to make ourselves better?" Fosberg asks.
From the observation booths, the scene of the Hi-Comp pre
school, where 26 children romp and play, looks no different
than any other pre-school.
A little more organized, perhaps. But the children seem to
love it.
Exercises are as short in length as the average Child's at
tention span.
In the observation booth, instructions hang from sheds of
cardboard for the student teachers to read while they observe
pre-schoolei.s.
"Catch your child doing something right. Saying a new
word, pointing to a sound symbol, writing his name, or
swinging by himself.
"Then reward him immediately with your social praise. Say
good swinging, or good eating.
"And then give him something he likes. Something good to
taste."
but my role would be pretty close to
his role," Stewart said.
Stewart, who will graduate in May,
said he expects student support, but
detected negative feelings from the
older residents.
"There are some people who would
never vote for a student because he's
not from the community," he said.
Stewart said he would rather run
for mayor than for a Municipal
Council seat because he thought the
role of mayor could be more valuable.
Stewart said the mayor makes
about $3,000 a year. He said council
members are unpaid, but, deserve to
be pa id when the community ex
pands.
Stewart is married and lives at 127
E. Hamilton Ave. He applied to the
Institute for Public Administration at
the University, and plans part-time
work for a master's degree.
and predicted the ,Senate would confirm
Warnke "overwhelmingly" despite
critics' claims he favors some unilateral
disarmament. "I believe his views are
well considered by me and I have ac
cepted them," Carter said.
Weather
A moderating trend will continue
through Saturday. Sunshine and light,
winds will allow the mercury to crack
the freezing mark today, reaching 34
degrees. The low tonight will be 22.
Sunny skies will continue tomorrow,
with a balmy high of 40.
What's inside
Centre Crest ...
Chocolate prices
Wings review ..
Wire digest ....
Gymnastics
Sports lottery ..
Flood problems.
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page II
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