. From the riiilnl Led
, I,TH PIMt TIIK AKNI'l k
Pv the Southern Mail we have . the announce
tvent of the arrival of thp steamship New Yoik
if Xew OrteanS. l aving left pruzol Santiago on
h", S'h inst." Accounts from Carmargo to the
Mh stale (hat the JTcxnn Rangers were to mm t
hi that day for Meir on a fronting expedition,
v nil order to take possession ami hold it if pot-
'''' : ", "
' The Mounted Rangers wcto ordered tf proceed
i Linares and Monterey, and seize Omse places
mUyi ' J
;nrn1 T;iy1or passed upl he river 1o r,eyrtoa
on thf Mh, anil would probably arrive at Car
iurn in lour days.' The drajnons Were i ramp
at M,)trtKvrjn o ( i
flewcml Taylor was accompanied by one balf
.Mhe Texin regiment of Infantry and a few
i'irlir. '
A iirmitb had taken place near CaTmargn, j
lot ween nit hundred Camanche Indians and
vent y -five or eighty rangers, hi which the In
nans bst 20 and the Rangers t. The laltevcap
tred 150 boric from the Indians.
Tliere ia supposed to be about 4,JK0 Mexican
troops in rtie vicinity of Moi.terey.
Tbe army were to tomments moving towards
t'atmari'o on the I0lh,bnt the whole would not
I.' put i motion until Mi S5tk. . .
The nvrr was still rising. ... .
The health of the army was pood, but ihe sicV
ness among tbe volnnteers was increasing.
Capt. Walker was lying dageronsly ill at Mat
mioras The volunteers will soon follow General Tay
lor The enemy has been occupying , Monterey
with hi small force. It is supposed ibey have
m nlo arrangements to assemble in Urge force
when the army gets within a striking distance.
F.leven steamboats have ascended the Rio
Giande to Carmargo, with troops and army sup
plier No news has been received from Mexico.
hater from lit arm jr.
Drpitrliirc of Gen. Taylr.r from Matamoron
A Honk Order, prohibiting Spiritoue hi
fiittr from entering Malomorat A Pkila
dtlphian Killed.
Krnm the Matamoras Flag of theGth inst
) pnrhirt of Central Tayhr. Yesterday
morning early, 'Old Rough and Ready left Mata
moias for Carmargo in the steamboat Whiteville,
accompanied, we believe, by about one half of
the Texan regiment of infantry and a few regu
'rti. There was no announcement of his de
parture, no firing of guns, nothing to indicate
hnt so conspicuous a personage as the command
er of the American forces was about to leave a
place be hnd taken, to assume the individual di
rection of his forces at another point. He left
whilst half the city was wrapped in slumber,
and ere the sluggard had quitted his couch, was
many miles upon his journey. This is charac
teristic of the brave old veteran, for he would
rather face the enemy, double in numbers, than
hear the booming of the cannon and the shouts
il men paying honiago to his well-deserved fame.
If we understand Gen. Taylor rightly, he is a
man who would travel twenty miles out,of the
ray rather than encounter a host of friends and
admires wbo had assembled to honor bim by a
public demonstration.
Murder. Yesterday morning, about 1 o'clock,
Jack ITayne was instantly killed, by a man
named MrCanan, a ranger belonging to Tom
(Jrecne's company, from Lafayette, Texas Mr.
Ilaynes had left the theatre but a short time,
:md was in a coffee-house hard by, when he was
ailed nut by some on,e a word or two passed, a
blow followed, and the murderous knife was
(riven deep into the jugular vein of the unfor
tunate victim, depriving him of life in two or
three minutes. McCanan immediately left the
town, but we learn has surrendered himself to
the captain of his comany. We did not hear
whether any difficulty previonsly existed be
tween them.
The remains of Jack Haynes were followed
to the grave yesterday by a large concourse of
I'i ien.ls. Hit was a man universally popular, and
his death creates a blank in the circle of his
1 1 inula, which will be difficult to fill. Mr.
Ilaynes was a native of Philadelphia,' where he
hu highly respectable connexions. He resided
.several years in Texas.
On the 30th ult , at Parita, a member of Capt.
Mcintosh's company of Louisiana volunteers,
named Wm. Overton, stabbed another of the !
company, named King, who died immediately.
tverton made his escape.
The cause of these disorders and arts of v to
ll nee was intoxicating liquors, and Gen. Taylor
has taken prompt measures to prevent a repeti
tion of them by issuing the following order,
which has produced some excitement in camp:
No spiritons liquors will be permitted to en
ter the river or lb city of Matamoras for the
put Hises of barter or IralEc on ihe account of
any person whatever, whether sutler in the army
oi private dealers. Any liquors found iu viola
tion of this order will be confiscated and sent to
the Quartermaster in New Orleans lobe sold
one half of the proceeds for Ibe benefit of the in
I. i mailt, the other half to be applied to the sup
port of the Hospital Department.
The merchants at Matamoras will be permit
ted to vend the liq'tors Ihey may actually bave
on hanJ, but to receive no new supplies.
The Chief Magistrate of the city of Matamo
i.ii and all other municipal officers will, nnder
his direction, enforce the above orders upon the
Mexican residents and traders of Matamoras and
will iasne notice accordingly.' The Amercan
iiddcii and residents will conform to these or
ders and make their arrangements accordingly.
Mlcr Tkn wllhaast Opposition.
Tho New Orleans Picayune publishes teve
ral letters froru II r. Kendall, one of iti editor,
lucU attiioum vi tint tlio lowo ol Mier wu
li.U'itd by Cupl- Viniuu'e lOinaikoJ, iu the iil.t
ult. wi'bcut I'pi'uaitiuo. TUeiuUuUUaUtLiuu -
inj to the Pin 7i in rrmvd M the troop? filed in
to it ami tt irl.cd their ttrms in fmnt 61 Ihc' nl-
r ihle
t
Mipf i by t'r the iniWt pleftMtit, cleanly Hnd
well r. iiiUted place we ba'vo yet eeen in this
part Mexico. It i built on a lull overlook
ing a fler.r tnniiintr stream rf tltfi Hiinic nntnr,
thru1 tii il f "rum the Kin (Iminle, and H paid to
contain C0(l0 iiihuhitnntA allhotiiili I do tint know
w lay re they etow thmn all. Von may well re
rollerl lliil it wi4 iti this pUco thit tins Texan
under Cnl. I'iher wern roiiipi-Urd to 6irrciidt'r,
llrr they liad killed Kvico lin-ir number o'
Mi xienim. The? hwnes rwettpird hy tin Tex
nns during the Imttlo were pnitited out, find t-till
hoar the marks of the defperatt; conflict.
To rliow the impudence of the Camanrhe
and the front rontempt in which they hold their
Mexican enemies, I will rclatu one little incident-
one fiirce, if t moy so call it, of their pro
duction. .The day before the Americans took
posseysim of the place this I was fold by one
who saw the whole proceeding a small party
of Camanches appeared on the opposite bank of
the river, and within three hundred yards of the
town. One of the Indians had not a rag upon
him nave a green Mexican uniform coat, faced
with red and trimmed with yellow, and was
armed with nothing save a Mexican bugle or
trumpet This he held to his mouth and sound
ed to the foil strength ol his lungs. Up and
down lhiriver bank he blew and blasted away
npon this instrument, "regardless of tune, but
anxious to make all the noise he could in thai
part of the world situated immediately opposite
Mier. The try of A lnlio" was raised, he
women and children scampered, while the men
rode furiously up and down the streets out of
reach of balls and arrows, and signed papers and
swore that they would do great things, besides
dying in defence of the town. It ia .said they
completely broke down their horses in parading
and tiavhing about, and were not ready to start
after the Indians until they saw and knew that
the Indians had their fun out and were complete
ly out of reach. . ,
There is no mistake that a large force of Ca
manches is on this side the Kio Grande, com
mitting pepredations and mnrdering the in
habitant with impunity.' Parties of them have
appeared at Guerrero, a city some thirty miles
above Mier, have stolen a great many horses
and mules, and have killrd several of the princi
pal citizens, among them one of the town coun
cil. The authorities of the place have sent in
their submission to the officer in command of
the United States troops here, and would doubt
less be delighted to see an American force in the
Plaza. You may ask, why do not tbe Mexicans
turn out in force outnumbering, as they do Ibe
Indians, ten to one give them a sound drubbing,
and drive them out of the country ? It ia because.
they are too lazy in the first place, and too tim
id in the second. So far as I can see, the men
here spend one third, of the day in sleeping, one
third in bathing, and the other third in doing
nothing not a very profitable employment of
time they would say away "Down East."
G. W. K.
Lisraa raosi t Armt. Lieut.. Lee, of the
8th Infantry, who arrived at Charleston on Fri
day afternoon, direct from the Army, atates that
Gen. Worth, witb his brigade, was on his way
to a town called China, ixty miles beyond Car
margo. This town is an important depot, it being
a military post of the enemy. There is no doubt
that long before this it is in the possession of the
American forces.
All of the regular troops, with the exception
of Captain May's dragoons and Ridgely's batta
lion, numbering from three to four thousand men
were at Carmargo.
General Taylor has arrived at Carmargo, and
it is supposed that he will proceed to Montery
with about six thousand men, and Ihe general
impression is that tbe enemy will attack bim at
the defile between Monterey and Saltillo.
The Charleston papers say : 'Ve have been
requested to state that there has been no meet
ing between the Camanche and the Texan
rangers, as given in the Matamoras wper of Ihe
8th inst."
Impoxtast Mot k or Tmmim. The follow
ing is an extract of letter dated M at amors e,
August 6, received by a gentleman in New Or
leans :
"Hays' regiment cannot leave here for two
or three days. This cxodit ion is more than an
ordinary ranging party. They ant being rqitip-
pjd with tents soineihinsf iintiKiial ; all Ihu
horses have to hnnhod.snd a paymaster. I learn,
(joos alonp . All the prominent men wlw are
here from the United Slates or Texan, accompa
ny it. liiiok out for squalls; Jo not be eurpri
priaed (if the water don't prevent) if you bear
of them having ioeseiwioii of Tamptoo, and of
the mass of the) volunteers Using shipped that
way, and marched from that point through ibo
country.
Gkn. Arista's Cord M ill They bave at
Cincinnati a machine lor grinding corn wuicb
vwwta itrougiu in that city irmn Mexico. H w
nothing morn than atone, hoiiio 10 incht s long
by IV! inches wide, with three leg worked out
of thu original slab, leaving thu bright of the
inill-atnue some 8 inches. Th top i flat, and
the appearance ia uA unlike a rude three le;-
ged ilovL The manner vi grinding corn on
it ia by the process of pounding witb "another
atone. One Irg ia shorter than the other two,
allowing the curu-niual, uil u omde fine, to
fall off into a vessel. -
, i .... i . i
It it said that the large nnw of solid copper,
discovered by the Copper Falls Company uear
take Superior, lime far disclosed, is ten feet in
It'Ugth, by nine indt pUi, and tnu in I hit km o
or tiiity five cubic fectof pure copper, uuih
! ig tvCu' -t.it iu0uuJ uv UubditU aiiuu!
- ' ;' ' aiiliijff '
TXItt APtlsRICAN.
fi,iturtttttt .fiiimf 2'J, IS40.
i. ri. r.tt.-nntt, r., f hi ttri
Iif mm tint I fur.rr, eitrnrr oflt imtt f'ftntnwf
Vfrccfd, I'hlttttrtfthto, 1i aiithoHtrtt to net n
Agent, nrtt rrrrlpl tor all mnnlcn line thli
nfttrrt for tmhnrriitlnn or OilrrrHnliif. ,
lho. at lil OfTIrr ,Vtt. I1 mXa Virrrl,
.Mm
.nrl S. Corner at ItnUtmort and Catrrrt
tt , nolllmor.
(T We owe our reader an apolopy for taking
np o much spare in onr discussion with the Ga
zette, in refuting the absurd idea, that onr wheat
could be introduced into England cheaper than
wheat from Iho Tlaltic. We hardly supposed that
there could be any doubt on the subject among
intelligent pei sons, and therefore, in onr former
reply, to cut the matter short, referred to Lord
Asbbnrton's statement in February last, and what
is well known to all, ronversant on this subject,
that nine-tenths of the wheat imported into
England comes from the Paltic and European
potts. The Gazette, to get ont of this difficulty,
argued that Lord Ashburton referred to the im
ports at that moment. This is not true, and we
hardly need say that Lord Ashburton would not
make himself so ridiculous as to base his argu
ments on tbe foreign grain trade on the imports
of a single month or year, as the Gazette has
done. Tbe facts stated in our reply this week,
must appear conclusive to every sane mind.
K7" CA!it.CosiMtssioMRR.--Tbe time is now
approaching when we shall be called upon to
vote for a man to fill this office. It is not, and
ought r.ot properly be considered an office of a
political character, more than a supervisor of
roads. The legislature, a few years since, pas
sed a law to elect a Canal Commissioner every
year, believing that the old mode of keeping men
in office, where so mnch responsibility and pow
er rested,' tended greatly to fraud and corrup
tion. The spirit and intention of the law was
that one new man should be elected every year,
similar to the mode of electing county commts
sioners. Tut Mr Foster wishes to bleak down
this law, by forcing himself upon the people
through a nomination porcured by the control
of the Canal Roard. There is another serious
objection to Mr. Foster. He is a free trade
man, and bis election would be hailed as a tri
umph of free trade. . If tbe tariff men of Penn
sylvania wish to bave the tariff amended so as
to protect onr iron and coal, they must show their
determination not to submit to the wrongs impo
sed on them, by some public demonstration; and
they never can have a better opportunity than by
opposing tbe free trade Canal Commissioner.
Let onr farmers who depend on the coal and iron
trade for a profitable market, remember these
things. It is well enough for officers, like Mr
Foster, who live off Ihe public, ami have sala.
ries, to support free trade, as they have nothing
to loose, but every thing to gain, by getting pro
visions, Kt. cheaper, at the expense of the far
mer and mechanic.
Let it also be remembered, that Mr. Foster,
through his Carelessness and want of judgment,
suffered the Clark's Ferry Hridge to be destroyed
by fire. This bridge cost the state ninety thou
nd dollars. Rut two of the spans nut often or
eleven were carried away by the freshet. The
bridge rould have been made passable, and re
paired for a few Ihonnnnd dollars, but for the
shameless neglect and mismanagement of Mr
Foster. Let the new law be canied into effect
by electing a nop man, and the people will aave
thousands of dollars.
fCT It will be seen that Lieut. Arthur T. Lee,
of the 8th regiment, arrived at Charleston a few-
days since, bringing later intelligence from the
Army on the Rio Giande. Lieut. Lee is the eld.
est son of Capt. Jas. Lee, of Northumberland
He ia a young gentleman of varied talents, and a
fine officer.
Edward II. Cahly, Esqr., of Danville, we
sec is recommended as a candidate to represent
Columbia County in the next Legislature. As
the art removing tho seat of justice fiom Dan
ville to Rloomsburg is passed, it would be both
just and magnanimous in the upper end to con
reon me niemner to lianvitte, ana thus Deal up
all loral divisions. Mr. Pa !dy would make an
excellent member, and enjoys the confidence of
tbe party.'
077 G"-Taxior his issued orders at Mats
moras, prohibiting the sale of spiritous liquors to
Ihe army, in consequence of Ibe frequent affrays
and muiders committed through iutoxication
Gen. Taylor is himself a strictly temperate man
in all his habits. Gen-. Rrady, while bete ou a
visit a few days since, on Lis return from Ihe
Court of Inquiry in Virginia, iq the cane of Gen
Gainrs, informed us that old "Rough and Ready
was a man of a fine constitution, and enjoyed
excellent health that he neier took anything
stronger than water, and that be rould live oh
anything, and a I mot t nothing; and but seldom
if ever, touched fresh meals.
C!7 LswtMowa Hank. The notes of this
Rank are at a discount of froru 10 to 15 per cent
in Philadelphia. committee from tbe Rank
was in Philadelphia, a few days liuce, eudtavor
ing to make the note par. The tircuUtiuu i
very Uige.
CGen. Gaiaes. 'J lie Court of Inquiry bav
t'ctivii'led him of Ihe charges alleged aguiiiAt loin
'1 he Pujidcut, however, itdtui uo luithci iio
-ct4iri.
Tlir Cimltr-llir Tariff, nml Hir.Fnrci.-ii.
V Grnlii Tniilr, '
P!7 In out paper of the' 15th inst we made n
iort and hasty reply to the long and labored nr
mnents of the Sunbnry f'nrette, in which it
ninly endeavored to prove the fart that wheat
roin the I'iiltie Coulil not be imported in Great
P-iit:iin cheaper tlmtt from thm roimtrv, and ;it
err.pteil to tdinw by tiihb of pi iccF, thai heat
nl SI in New Yoi keohhl he delivered in l'ncland
heaper than the wheuti fiom the Unit if. The
bsurdity of this prnmsition was to self evident,
that we hardly deemed an answer nrreary. It
is well known that there is but little if any lt
er . w heat in the wot Id than ours, nnd if it can
p sent to r.nclamt cheaper, ur ns cheap at the
wheat from the polls ol thoj'altic nnd I! hick Sea,
why is it that Europe has herctoloie, as is shown
y an atticle in another column, imported nlnmM
00 bnihels from these ports to where she has tn.
ken one bushel from n? And how will Ihe re-
peal of Ihe English corn laws mend the matter
Her ports are not opened to our w heat alone, but
grain from all countries is admitted on equal
terms; and if Paltic and other wheat could then
command the English market, in preference to
our own, why can it not do so now? Are not
these facts (for thry are facts that no one can
contradict) sufficient to prove the fallacy and ab
surdity of the statements of the Gazette 1 But
as the writer of the article in the Gazette counts
arge'y upon his array of figures, we shall furnish,
in reply, some facta as well as figures, from
authentic records, that will at once show the fal-
acyofhis statements. Thequibbling of the Ga
zette about our exports to Europe, instead of all
foreign ports, an error that did not affect the main
question, shows the difficulty of its position.
while we were not a little amused at its innocent
simplicity, in its attempt to teach us lessons in
geography.
We have already shown that the fact, that we
did not supply Great Britain with more than one
out of every twenty bushels of wheat she impor
ted,-was of itself conclusive evidence that he
rould get it cheaper from other sources. Rut
let us, in addition, compare the average price of
wheat, for a number of years, in the principal
marts of trade on the continent of Europe, with
those of our own seaports, during the same pe
riod. This we can do by reference to the fol
lowing table, furnished hy a correspondent of the
rhiladflpbia Chronicle, prepared from "Parlia
mentary Reports," showing the prices of wheat
per bushel at the different markets of the wheat
trade on the continent, from 1S.10 to IS 13, inclu
sive:
Panfzic. Ilam'g. Ams'dam. Antw. Odessa.
Ifi.10 SI 07 93 1 13 ir, r.S
1831 1 18 1 19 1 11 1 07 71
1833 03 00 1 10 00 til
1833 83 70 89 C' CI
1831 70 CO 0(1 .'.0 77
183.1 CO C.T . 78 - C8 ,'7
1830 70 70 70 70 53
1837 73 76 81 09 .'.0
I83S 9 70 1 CO 1 4S C.T
1839 90 1 1.5 I S3 1 37 79
1810 1 07 1 30 111 1 IS 71
1811 1 23 t9 1 09 1 45 71
1812 1 10 1 II 1 II fir CO
1843 70 62 -58 . 70 ' 4S
Average, 91 00 J9 PS CI
Here we have the prices of wheat at five ereat
marts of the wheat trade, for fourteen years,
showing a general average of 88 cts. per bushel
We do not, as the Gazette has done, confine our
selves to one year, and that a year of acarcity in
Europe, in order to show the average value ol
wheat in these markets.
The prices at our own sea ports, during the
same period, run as follows:
In 1830
(1 13
1 18
1 1.1
1 13
1 t'8
1 19
1 41
In 1837
1839
isao
lvl0
1811
1812
1SI3
$1 83
1831
1832
1833
1831
183.1
1830
1
1 12
1 10
1 03
1 10
1 00
The general average of the foregoing prices is
f 25, being 37 cents more than the average per
bushel at the aforementioned ports in Europe.
Now this table clearly demonstrates the fact
that in the first cost of grain, we cannot compete
with the wheat growers of the countries above
named; and our disadratages will appear still
greater, if we compare the relativedistances from
London to . the different wheat markets above
named. For instance, Pontzic, which supplies
the best and greatest portion of foreign wheat, is
1500 miles from London, Hamburg 500, Amsler
dam 400, Antwerp 300, Odessa 3800, while New
York is 3G00, Philadelphia 3800 and Ealtimore
4000. The freight per bushel te England, ac
cotding to the list of prices published by the
Gazette, is as follows : From Dantzic 12 cts..
from Hamburg 12 cts., from Antwerp 7 cts., from
Odessa 30 cts., and from New York 22 cts., which
is too low.
Here then we have facts and figures, showing
that, for the space of 1 1 years, wheat in Northern
Europe'and the Black Sea lias been selling on an
average, 37 cts. per bushel less than wheat in the
United States, while the difference in freight has
been from 10 to 13 cts. against us, making dif
ference of 47 cts. per bushel against American
wheat. :,
Put we bave further authorities, if any were
necessary, McCullough, ia his commercial Die
tionary, (vol. I, page filO,) a work of tbe very
highest authority in this country and Europe
after giving a history of the grain trade of the
whole commercial world, enters into a minute
calculation of tbe cost of delivering a cargo of
wheat from Dantric to London, and makes Ihe
,cost at Londou 41s. 4d. per quarter, of 8 bushels,
or $1 33 per bushel, and the cost of a cargo from
tbe United States from 59, to 52s. per quarter
or from (I 50 to (1 50 per bohel, a difference of
17 to 83 cents, per bushel in favor of tbe foreign
article. . ,
Speaking of the American corn trade, he says
(vol. 1, page 515 .)
'The price of wheat al Now York and 1'lnl
adelphia uiay bo taken, on an attiagc, al liuin
37 to HI finding pvr quarter, and tlio co
of importing' a quarter ol w heat frmu Ihe U
Sulc ini'J England amount In I1001 Ills, to
lie. ).tl tjUi.HU, U ki t.a llul 110 k'vUdldiUblt;
"."Bp!v Could ho obtained from thnt ooirter. were
even prirce Under fiCa. to ,W
1 Itnucht ftleo tn bo remarked, tint tlr pricr
in Amrficn orr Vfiinlhf Ughir limn in the
liiitlic, so thnt hut little can tie bronchi Irotn the
dinner, i-xeept when thp demand i FiifTic i nt
previously, to lake oil" the. rhvnprr vhrvtn vf
the jVirZift ii ior.v."
Put it i iitIcs to multiply facts, t i refute a
propiitiou that tm 1 ,. pf( table e.l.lor of common
intelligence, ever thought of mantainlnt?, or ever
will attempt to mautain. Notwithstanding the
repeal of Ihe Corn Laws, each arrival brings news
f a fuither decline in the price of grain. If
hen, we aro to impoit largely under McKay's
bill, and thus break down our own mannfae-
ures, w hat will become, of those thrown out of
mplnyment? Will not many of them turn their
ttentien to agriculture nnd become producers
nstead of consumers, and thus destroy the home
mnrkct, the only good and permanent market
hat our farmers ever had for their products?
We have entered more fully into the above
than we had intended, in order to put a quittu
on the vain delusions of the Gazette, and to show
the editor that we had no Idea of retracting our
opinions, although the main issue was McKay's
free trade bill, which he then strongly squinted
at, but which in his last paper he has adopted
flat footed, with all its imperfections. We con
gratulate the editor upon the eafo delivery of his
long pent up opinions on this subject, and trust
that he has not suffered severely, mentally or
corporeally by this extraordinary parturition.
He may now exclaim, in the lines of the poet,
slightly altered:
"No pent op tariff tiewi contracts onr powers,
Rut McKuy'i boundless fret trade bill is ours."
We find no fault with the Gazctta in coming
out in favor of McKay's Rritish bill, which it had
a right to do, but we do protest against this skulk
king behind the bush of professing one thing
and advocating another.
VOT Tux Fonxtii Graix trade. Tho follow.
in is aa interesting and useful extract fiom Mr
Hudson's speech in Congress, on the subject of
our foreign grain trade : , ,
'I a in confident, Mr, Chairman, that llieroid
a prcst misapprehension onthi etthj-ct oftrnde,
Some gentlemen seem to take it fur granted
that Great Britain is tho principal, and t.Jinost
the only market for onr bteadslulT. Hut noth
ing can be more fblse."
He staled further, on rf!icinl authority that
the total average of the export of wheat for the
Inst fourteen years, is f rrfKi.OOO bmdiol, nnd
that the average cxj.ort to Gn at 1'ritnin is only
014,0110, being about onc-sixlh ol the whole.
Our trade with Great Britain in this articlo is
much overrated. Fur the last fourteen years
we have sent to England only eight per cent,
more than to Brazil ; and for the I a ft three,
Brazil ha taken sixty per cent, more than Eng
land. Our trade with Canada for a ntimlier of
years pact, has been greater thnn with England
itnelf. For the laet seven years we have sent
into the British North American colonies 12,
5rG,iX 10 bushels, and to England, at tlio Mine
time, 7.764 Of X) bushels ; showing a greater de
mand in Canada than in England by sixty-two
percent.
lie gives further tahlet, and rl.own that for
the Inst 13 years the average import of wheat
into Great Britain has been Kl.lXil KX) luh
cla. Her demand hss been exceedingly vari
able, ranging from toJ3,017.KKI bush
cl. Nor ia this all. In ISM, she actually expor
ted a large amount to this and other countries.
In price, too, there has been a great fluctuation.
In 115, the average price of wheat in Great
Britain was $107, and in 1SW, 1 92 per bush
el. But not to rely upon ainglo yearn: In 1329,
'UO, and '211, she imported, on an average, I'i,
42,700 bushels; in lettl, "A and "M, an aver
age of only 32!) 000 ; and in 1810, '41 nnd '42.
an average of 21,431,000. From this view ol
the subject, it will be seen thit but little de
pendence can he placed upon that market. At
one time she requires a considerable supp'y of
foreign grain; at another she raise m re than
fche consumes. In IS'M, '37, and "W, she sup
plied us with anavctage of 445,403 bushels a
year direct; and wo obtain ! i.early half ai much
more from her Canadian possession. The do
lus nd of Ihe English market ia not only fluctu
ating, but, aa a general truth, we may say that
her supply at home is gaining upon her demand
rather than othcrwiae. In 1S29, '30, and 31,
with a population ol about 23,000,000, she con
sumed, as we have already reen, an average of
12 42.700 bushels; and in 1&43, with a pnpula
linn of about 27.000.000, she comsumcd 7.010,.
300 buehrls of foreign wheat.
We give another passage from the carefully
prepared remarka of Mr. Hudson. .
Tookc, an experienced Ei.gliah writer, in
forms us that, from 1&32 to 1838, the crops in
Great Bri'ain and Ireland were so abundant
that wheal was fed out to cattle, sheen, and
swine, and even used for diet illation. Tbit in
duced Ihe farmer to sow leas; and, for several
succeeding year, the winters were unfavorable
for the crop, and the scseon of harvest was to
unpropiiious as to increase the demand for for
eign grain. Every man acquainted witb English
agriculture knows that gnat improvement are
constantly taking place in her mode of cultiva
tion. Boy a and swamp are being reclaimed,
barren hill-nklo ate being converted into fruit
ful fields, and her waato place are being wade
to blossom like the roe. Sli lias ali adop
ted an improved mode of seed ing. Until quite
receully, the wheal growers were iu the habit
ot sowing about three bushels of grain to Iho
acre. But Drummond, a late Eugludi writer,
say that, by the introduction of a new machine
for bpw ing wheat, which distribute, the grain
equally over the whole surface ol the ground,
ibvy liave louuj tht a l quantity ol .td will
uit equally well; ud thai this impiuvu-
roent alono wil iavr to th UpjlnV Kinedow
five or pix mil lion of hii'hU, ind tints ftipply
at lrft onr-third i( lirr; deficiency. Under
these rireitiTiMtntires, it is nut prohahh that her
(leinnnd lir foreign prnin will nmlcri.itly in
rrense. Mer own pnpply will inereaco with lirr
demand. The? moans ol Iho maw of her people!
sre limitrd; nod wo rinnot rxpi'et that, under
nny rirciitiu tnnooR, hIio will lake a quantity of
foreiija irrisiri much, if any, larger titan she docs
at present.
Hut pttppoo that her rlomand incronsrp, where
will Khu obtain her supply I Where has she ob
tained it in year past? In 18IJ, ami
1an, when fIio inodf her Inrorest importation1,
avcrain7 IV-W.IK H) lntslieln, or about Rl.iKKi..
(W) for three years, her supply was obtained
IroTi the following nations in the proportion :
2 f
3 a
E7-
J"
17) K
- a.
-t rf
f. a. n
a
o sr
?
ft
3
S :
2.
2
2 a
8 ps
" It
n
(T - 19 "n OHM V k
c o c o J. W " n
Oi O tj W i.1 in 5.1 00
'-lOOp
- e 10 41
S.1
rc o 4 o Cj fo
tn t, s x a u o 1
V- V is V. V V f)
i c c -1 ?i o T
e w o -i 5 e 10 ti r. t
1 i. U 10 IC r; c.
UWOtf C -J - Cl to
o .1 or la "or io 0 10 u
i a- o - 4- i. rr cr
ir m si u u
a'
2.
St
"c c "on rr V rr v ii 'o '11
Cl 1 i C ' T1 (T X C O
CA U U CI tc O) C U X M
"ci io ii c o ti "e "10
O.IJ.UOOCIOIO
5?
Here, sir, we have a view ofihe demand am
supply of the Engli-h market for three soccer
five years. And dors it appear ti nt that mat
krt is to be regarded an our! And is tho L'
nited States the only country on which Grca
Britain is to depend fur her bread stti!l7 i
glance at this taUe will chow at oncu that on
supply, when compnred with that of the conti
unit, dwindle ulnnxit to insignificance. Riii
"in iiplit'8 ucorlyns much bh the United State
Henmark a trifle more; Prussia more than si
times ns much ; Germany nnd Holland nrarl
threo times n much; France and Italy cac
nearly twice as much; nnd British North
mcricm colonics more than twice as much t
this bunded granary of tho world. To shin
the relative importance of our trade to G ret
Britain, iti biroly necessary to say that of eve
ry hundred bushel sent to the Eiiglicd) 111:1 rkc
we supply only fivo.
Wc have seen that the importations of whe:
inti Croat Britain have been exceedingly flu.
touting, ranging from 22S.01K) to :W,0l7,(KI
bushels. A fair crtimato of tho Englixli d
ma nil, for a term of years to emtio, nny, 1 thin
be put down at MOO!) (KK) buslicln annttall
And where will nhe obtain her supply! Froi
the United State! Why have they nntsu
plied that market in year past! Will it
pnid thnt the com laws have operated again
us! But those la as hiv been general in tin.
operation. Why have not these restriction
perated a?ninsl tin; nations on Ihe coutiuen
Tho thirty three millions of bushel brnu?
'rom the north, during the threo year, and 1
twelve millions from tho south of Europe, ha
been subjected to the samo duty as the thr
millions Irnm the United Htates. And ifth
can supply more than nine-tenths of tho win
under the present law, they can do tho sat
under a les restricted dispensation or a eyslt
of pcrfcctlrec-trada"
Correopondence of the Philad. Ledger.
KllOM WASIIISGTUX.
Wasiiixuton, IMh August, IS 1ft
It is now morally certain that the great nit
ests of Pennsylvania, coal and iron, will rece'
the earliest attention of the next Congress, v
that the subject will be urged, olFiciully, on !
consideration of Congress at the next session,
receive now, and will receive then, the att
tion of tbe proper Executive Department. 1
tarifl of IS 10 is, as I vestured to call it in 1
last, an executive measure, not carried by a p
ticular set ol men, who might wish to pursue
due advantages, or be led astray by a moment,
triumph. Let us not deceive ourselves on I
score. 1'he free trade principle would hi
safely gone to steep in the South, but for exe
live resurrection. lis peculiar champions had
atrength to carry it, and could at best but bar
and perplex the adoption of other measures,
modification therefore doea not depend iq
them i though I am well informed that it is p
ctaely the South who are most alarmed ate'
tain features of the tariff of 1840, and most r
dy to pay a premium to hate iti moderate
f'stoN iniured, The Pennsylvania stapl
coal and iron, it was el way 1 contemplated,
every tariff", to protect, at necessary to natio
independence and defence in case of war. 1
revenue tariff of 1H16 protected them att hi;
er rate than any subsequent one, (coal to thi
mount of five cents a bushel, or f I 50 a b
and Ihe protection was never so low as un
the provision of the compromise act of If
which, by finally abolishing all specific dot
and adopting ihe same horixonial rate of d
did as much lor the prostration ol the systen
protection aa the late Briliah tarifl enacted
Sir Robert Peel, This compromise act of '
Clay waa a concession made to the South
greater than Buy contemplated by the tari
11(5, which may admit of improvements, .
among thoM) such a would bo (mrticularly
cepluble o lVnn)Uuia, but allurd, over
it 'tiM.iit fclutc, uiuie incidental piotCC
than any hwiiontul ntuot du'.ie.