From Wilmer't Liverpool Scwi Lcittr.
Thi Mnniter Gnu fbr the American Navr.
The heavy piece of ordnance, ordered some
time ago in this town to be made for the
Princeton," United Slates steam Irignte, is
now approaching completion ; and being the
largest cannon ever made in this county, nnd
requiring in its construction great skill and at
tention to perfect it as solid mass, ,it has be
come an object of considerable interest and cu
riosity among nautical and scientific men.
It will bo remembered that the. Princeton
bad on board a gun of great weight and calibre,
which, Inst year, burst on being fired, while
litre party of American officers were present to
view the vessel, by which several parties lost
their lives, including tho Secretary ot Stute.
his in lieu of the gun then destroyed, which
vias of malleable iron, and made impeil'mily,
of the same material, (requiring if well made,
Joss bulk (or a given strength than cunt iron )
The gun was manufactured in the solid, by
Mr. llorsfall at his "Mersey Stsel and Iron
Works," and being of great length, and propor
tionate thickness, the securely welding or con
glomerating the whole from pieces into one e
qual muss, before turning and boring, required
the utmost effort of modern skill, and the aid of
powerful machinery in heating and fashioning
i. In the rough it was nenrly fourteen feet
long, and little short of thirty inchen in diame
ter at the thicker end. A round shaft of seven
inches in diameter was first formed, nnd on this,
is a foundation, were successively laminated
wedges of iron placed longitudinnlly, on edge,
end reversed in position so as to fit. These,
placed round the original spindle., wtrc(as
well as the shaft) brought to a white heat, and
eecurely welded by a hammer, eipht tons in
weight, worked by steam. Another layer, in
like manner, was added over the former, and so
on until the whole was of the requisite thick
nuss throughout. When thus so far fashioned,
and proved to be perfect and equal in all its
parts, the mass a most creditable and, indeed,
extraordinary specimen of forged srork was
ec-nt to the works of Mesers. Fawcttt & Co , en
gine makers and founders-
The pun as sent to the foundry, weighed
11 tons 3cwt. 2qrs 11 lb. In the turning and
boring it was reduced in weight about 3 tons 1
cwt. The length of the camion, now th-it it is
turned and bored, is 13 feet, and the bore is 12
feet in length, and 12 inches in dhmcter, lea
vinar a thickness of solid metal of one foot at the
breech. In form the piece is plain and unas
suming in appearance, without raised mouldings
and rins, (on tho French system,') the object
being to attain the required strength at each
point, without useless metal ; and the whole ta
pering nearly equally from the breech, which
in '27J inches in diameter, to the muzzle, which
is 19 inches giving a thickness of metal to it
ax a tube of 7J inches at the former, and 3J
inches at the latter. The model fur this gun was
made on an inch-and a-half scale.
The turning and boring occupied over a
space ot nearly three months, (hough the oper
ation is by no means slow, considering the quan
tity of metal to be cut away at a gradual and
notions rate to prevent any imperfection.
The first drill introduced was seven inches in
diameter ; and about a foot from it, a 10 inch
boring head followed on the same shaft, making
a bore of ten inches at once. An 11 j inch dril
ling was next used, and finally one of 12 inch
es. Tho gun was finally adjusted in the lathe,
wis turned, the borers being stationary. The
finishing operation with the 12-inch drill took
three successive days and nights, without inter
cession, the engine being kept at work, lest by
ceaaing even tor a short time the contraction or
expansion of the iron might, from alternate heat
and cold, prevent the production of the desired
iriie.nes.s of the bore, or leave a mark. As it is,
the bore is as fine and smooth as that of a first
rate fowling piece ; and the interior of the gun
is equally bright and even.
Through the centre of the breech a Urge hole
is ilnlled to admit a think bolt, with a large
iiend, to bo counter sunk in the rounded cup or
basin ot the hree:h w here the charge will be
, deposited. This bolt terminates exteriorly in a
t-trong screw, upon which will be secured the
outer or terminating breech piece ss a finish ;
and this pin is so pis-five at the head, and will
bo so cloxely fitted, that it will become part and
pjreel of the gun, and cannot be blown out by
any explosion which the piece will bear. In
looking through lire hole (now open) the whole
resembles a huge telescope.
The piece will be poised on its carriage on
strong trunnions of M inches long, forged upon
a masssve iron belt or ring- encircling the gun
I lie but it IIJ inches m
l a 'a jsi aijggg? - .mi.
THE AMERICAN.
halurday, Jtlay 4, 1845.
1. It. r.1i,.JtEll, Eng., at Mm ltel -
tate and Coal frtKee, ,V. 69 I ine Street,
tadrltMa, U authorittd to act a ,1gent, ard
reeetfd lor alt mnr due 1Mb vtllte, for tb
Bcrtptiim or advertMnf,
JIUo, at Ml OtTiet.'Wf. ICO Uatau Street,
And 8 K. Corner of ttalUmor and Culvert
mt., Baltimore.
K7"A Ni siHF.n of interesting articles will be
found on our first page.
KT-Thk weather, within the last few weeks,
has been exceedingly changable, coo! and
windy at times, making a fire quite comfortable
The shower, of last week, did not extend but a
few miles beyond us. At Northumberland there
was but a slight sprinkling. On Tuesday last
we bad a slight but refreshing shower, and on
Thursday night a heavy one.
ftyJi WiE Clytiik, late Collector at Thila
delphia, bat been appointed Comptroller of the
Treasury Department, at Washington. The
Judge is a good democrat and an upright man.
E7"Joh! S. Bryan has sol.l the "Doylestown
Democrat," to Mr. raxson, for $5,000.
-1 V" l ... Ml - .J1..II.USU-
E7" The General Post Office Department have
decided on a letter balance. They examined 101
specimens. Among them were 33 "rpnng tW
nneff," 28 "pendulum balances," 0 models with
connected or attached weights. 5 model balan
ces which require the use of fluids, mercury, spi
rits and water, and a number of common balan
ces called the 'trip scales.' They have adopted
the Roman balance. The Committe say:
"We are of the opinion that the common bal
ance, called the 'Unman balance.' is the best adap
ted to the particular pin pose and service in view.
Among the number of 'samples' which we find
constructed on this principle, the one which we
think the most eligible, is that marked No. 20,
(S. H. & Davis,) having a single sliding weight
(not suspended) on a brass beam, turning on bar-
denr-d points, the Weieht falling into half-onnee
notches, with an onen scale (or dish) above. We
suggest tbut the figures, to indicate the ounces,
should be made larger and plainer on the beam.
Of the other eligible models on this principle, the
next, in our estimation, is that marked No. 88,
(Fairbank's patent ;) to which may be added No.
8, (Benjamin Morrison) both of which ueem un
wieldy j and in the latter, the adjusting weight
at the end of the beam is objectionable for the
service in view."
tE?"WE perceive that onrold friend, Col. Car
ter, of the Lancaster Democrat, has been en
larging the dimensions of his sheet, to afford him
"ample room, verge enough," for the exercise of
his varied talents. We were pleased with the
spirit ol the Colonel's article in answer to Mr
Clark. It cut like the smooth edge of a well-
honed razor. We love to see a spirit of honora
ble independence, even in mps. Gratitude Hoes
not necessarily exclude independence; nnd no
where should it have freeer scope than in the e
ditor of a paper.
C7"The Mail lettings will, it is supposed, be
contracted for nearly SSOO.OOO less than former
ly, under the present law, and directions of the
present efficient Tost-master Gem-rat. Mr. Jojin
son, though originally opposed to the new law
says he will use his utmost efforts to carry i
into effect, and hopes (of whieh we think there is
no doubt) that it will succeed.
K7Pkas. As peas will soon be fit for use,
mid as it is important that what is worth cook
ing should be well cooked, we clip the following
from an exchanee paper, which is said to be the
best mode: "Peas should be put into boiling
water with salt and saleratus, in proportion of a
quarter of a tcaspoonful of saleratus to half a peck
of peas. Foil them from fifteen to thirty mi
nutes, according to their age and kind. When
boiled tender take them out of the water with a
skimmer, salt and butter them to the taste. Peas
to be good, should be fresh gathered, and not
shelled till just before they are cooked.
KA cirrat fire occurred on Friday night, the
IGth inst. , in Allegheny city, opposite Pittsburg
Twenty-four buildines and lour large Ware
houses were consumed, together with all th
contents of goods shipped for the east, among
which were about 300 bhds tobaceo and 600 bar
rels of flour. The loss is estimated between
$200,000 and $300,000. The tire is said to have
been the work of an incendiary.
C7 The News by the Brittania is not very
important. The war fever seems to haveahatei!
in England as much as here. The papers ere
still discussing the Oregon and Texas questions,
while O'Connel is hurrangueing the people, in
Ireland, 011 Repeal. The English are still in
hopes that Texas will refuse the terms of annex
ation. KTexas. All doubts in regard to Texas ac
cepting the conditions of annexation, have alrea
dy ceased. The Secretary of the Treasury has
gone so far as to countermand the orders for the
erection of light houses, at Matagorda and Gal
veston, stating that all their funds should tie hus
banded, for the purpose of defraying theexpenses
of Congress, and the conention that will soon
be convened to consummate annexation, and
that the U. States, with her ample resources,
will erect much better buildings than they (Tex
as) could, under any circumstances. A. corres
pondent of the Washington Union also says:
"When I tell yon that Texas will accept the
terms, and that piomptly, and that the. will have
on the first Monday in December next, knocking
at the doors of Congress, two Senators and two
Representatives, with a eond constitution in their
bands, I have told you all on this subject you de
sire to bear."
( Bishop Delancy met with a very serious
accident, while proceeding in a two horse wa
gon fiom I'.atavia, N. Y., to Fast Bethany. The
N. Y. Advertiser says :
"The Bishop was riding with Mr. Martindale
and the Rev. Mr. Polles. in a two horse wagon.
After they tiad stalled some person in the rear
cracked a whip, and the horses became restive;
one of them jumped violently, got astride of the
pole of the wagon, and commenced kicking.
The Bishop arose fiom his seat, and in the jar
ring caused by the rapid speed of the horses he
fell out and struck violently on his faee, cansine
a severe concussion of the brain. He was taken
up entirely senseless and conveyed to the near
est house, where everything possible will be
done to restore him."
Bv later intelligence we learn that he remain
ed insensible till Saturday morning, when rea
son aeain partially resumed her empire, and
strong hopes are now entertained of his ultimate
restoration to health and usefulness although he
is still in a very critical situation.
Schuylkill Nas-lgatUn.
From the subjoined communication, copied
from the North American of Thursday, our read
ers will see that the Schuylkill Navigation Com
pany are prosecuting the important work of en
larging their canal, with a vigor which promises
a speedy and successful completion of it :
The Managers of the Schuylkill Navigation
Company have determined to have the new large
locks, eighty in number, between Phila. and
Port Carbon, con pletcd by the first of April
next. Arrangements have been made for the
funds required to complete the work, and propo
sals have been received from numerous contrac
tors, some of whom have recently completed
contracts on the F.rie Kxtension Canal, and o
tbers upon the enlargement of the Wclland Canal
in Canada.
The bidding has been very animated, and the
number of experienced ond rerponsible contrac
tors, proposing at prices nenrly similar, bos been
so great as to render the task of allotting the
work somewhat difficult. The board ofMana
gers, at their meeting on Tuesday, allotted near
ly all the locks to good men, at prices in no case
exceeding the Engineer's estimates, and general
ly from ten to twenty percent, below them.
The work will be immediately begun, and vi
gorously pushed, without interfering with the
use of the existing navigation. The payments
will be made monthly, in cash, reserving fifteen
per cent, to insure the fulfilment of each contract;
which retained per centage, when the work is
done, is to be paid either in cash or in six per
cent, bonds, at par, at the option of the Compa
ny.
The completion of the new locks will throw
the Schuylkill open at once to large boats and
boats from other canals, which have heretofore
been shut out by the smallness of the lock cham
bers. With the present depth of water, boats
carrying 120 tons of coal can naviga'e the line,
and as the depth will lie gradually increased to
rive and a half and six feet, boats adapted to car
ry 200 tons can be placed upon the line nxt
sprineand get up to their maximum tonnage in
another year.
The importance of this improvement to Phi
ladelphia, it is difficult to estimate. Furnaces
and Factories are constantly multiplying upon
the banks of the Schuylkill ; and at the present
time, besides a heavy coal trade, the miscella
neous tonnnee of other articles now carried on
the Schuylkill Navigation, is about one thousand
tons per day.
lit'ur Its centre
width, and I! in thickness, and will also be
brightly polo-hod. It w ill lie put in s hot state,
so as to co.itraei in cool m r, hke the tire of a
wheel. Iiniiiediiiti'ly in front of the belt (which
cannot move toward the breech, from the increa
sing thickness of the iron ; as well as a small
fl ioehe) a groove or flit ribbon indenture baa
been turned out of the gun. Itound thisa hoop
or belt of iron will bo put 011 to fit fluidity, but
not welded; and over thin in contracting will
clip the nthfr so lifhtlv that the trunnion belt
will become immoveable, or, as it were, in one
unit with Dip (run, to resist all recoil or shock.
tho euii itself not being weakened in the least
decree by any drilling or perforation to secure
the belt.
Tho balls which this monster gun will curry
will each be 1 1 inches in diumeter, a quarter of
an inch binf e(t tor winlbore, and will each
weigh in c&i-t iron lb., so that the piece
is in reality u iHiunder." Itefoie deli
very it will bo proved at ilmtle Bay, with a
double charge of ruupowder (4- lbs.) and two
bilK weighing (of courso altogether) 472 lbs.
It will be covered durum the experiment with
mats and sand, to avert the consequences of any
uceident from disruption though this, from its
admirublo ami scientific construction, is by no
means to U apprehended. The Princeton is,
w Icaro, to bo here thorite to take the monster
od Uaid.
tjyTHE American Board os For.Ein Mis
sions held their anniveisary, at New Yoifc, on
the 0th inst. the Hon. Theodore Freliugbuysen
in the chair. The Reverend nnd venerable Dr
Beecher was present, and made several speeches
warmly recommending the cause of foreign mis
sions, as one of the most important dutiesof those
engaged in the cause of religion. There were a
number of speeches from tli Rev. Mr. Todd and
others. The Rev. Mr. Hutchison, a returned
missionary fiom India, after describing the con
dition of the heathen and the cheering success of
our foreign missions, very strikingly contrasted
the stinted offerings of Christian w ith thoseof
some heathen. One wea'lhy heathen, il is know n,
gave $150,000 a year afterwards to the support
of his idol temple, as long as he lived. Another
gave, at one time, $1, 500,000 for the support of
bis religion, which Mr. II. saw borne through
the city, making betweeu thirty and forty cart
loads of specie ? Our several hundred thousand
professing Christians hardly gave for this object
a single dollar a piece !
Correspondence of the "American."
Shamokim, May 17, 1S15.
II. B Masses, Esij. : I am frequently inter
rogated, by letter, &c, relative to the localities
of the Shamokin Furnace, Ore and Coal mines.
I wish to inform them, and all others concerned,
through your paper, that the Furnace is situated
near the Danville & Pottsville Rail Road, and is
of the largest size, and capable of making 100
tons per week. The mouth of the Coal veins,
by which the Furnace is supplied, are about 4(1
feet from the bridge that leads to the tunnel
head. The Ore mines, now opened, are from 40
to 100 perches from the. Furnace and within a
few feet of the Rail Road that passes said Fur
nace. The different veins are from 9 to 18 inch
es thick. One drilt, or gangway, opens two
veins of from 9 to 12 inches thick. Some of the
veins are Kidney, some of Limestone, and others
of a Red Sheir Ore, and some of them are consi
dered good. There is any quantity of Bogg Ore
in the neighborhood, of an excellent quality. It
being of the same kind that was carted from this
place to the Cattawissa and Esther Furnaces,
previous to the discovery of the Bloomsburg
Ore. I do believe that Iron can be made as
cheap, if not cheaper, in Shamokin, than at any
other place in this State.
I am, with respect,
S. JOHN.
New York Raii.uoai.s From a report re-
cently submitted to itie Legislature of New York.
it appears that the Railroads finishd, over which
caisare daily running, present a line ofC82
miles, and cost f 20,":i5.931 20. There are roads
rnmmi-nrpil an 1 bf ins constructed, which will
extend the line 420 miles further, at an estima
ted cost of $10,101,000. There are now pend
ing before the Legislature applicants for 4!'0tniles
of railrail, at an estimated cost of $1 1 ,M 1,000.
Hints of Orl. Jnrkinn.
Approaciuno Disoli tio. The Washington
Union announces the painful intelligence that
Gen. Jackson's health is such as to excite fears
that his life is drawing rapidly to a close. A
letter has been received at Nashville, which says
the impression of the General's n arest friends
now is, that he cannot long survive. Symproms
of dropsy have intervened. His legs areswol
len from hif feet up to his abdomen, and his re
spiration is feeble and difficult. His great mind
and clear memory, however, remain perfectly un
clouded. His every act and woid shows his pa
tient resignation to the will of God. The letter
says :
"In his perfect resignation, he manifests all the
meekness and humility of a true follower of the
blessed Redeemer ; anil in his constant prayers
he looksNip to God in confident assurance of sal
vation through the atonement and mediation of
the Saviour. Supplications to Heaven for bless
ings oujiis country ami her institutions for the
perpetuity of our constitution and liberties, civi
and religious are continually mingled in all his
prayers and in all hisserious conversations with
his friends. Truly, when he departs, it will be
the fall of a great man in Israel, and politically
and in moral weight of character, it will be th
loss to his country and to the world of the first
and greatest n an now numbered among the
living the greatest benefactor of his country
now surviving."
Mr. Blair received a few lines from the Gene
ral, as late as the 7th, stating that he had at
tempted to write to him ; but his great feeble
ness had prevented his finishing his letter.
La-si. .J. L. . il-i..MWBme'
tl.il Later from Taaas.
Galveston dates to the 8th inst., have been re
ceived. Maior Done (son. the U. S. Charge, has
returned to the U. States.
Gen. Houston, with his wife and son, arrived
at Gatveston on the 3d inst., from his farm on the
Trinity. He proposed to visit the seat of Go
vernment of Texas, and will then come at once
to the United States, be being extremely solici
tous to see Gen. Jackson once again before the
death of the latter, which appears so imminent.
He yields to annexation as a matter ol necessity,
if not of choice.
Mr. Wickliffe, the ex-Postmaster General, was
at Galveston on the 7th inst.
Commodore Moore hna involved himself in a
controversy with Gen. Houston, and publishes an
address to the people of Texas, in which be ex
poses his grounds of dissatisfaction with the ex-
President. He enclosed a copy of this address
to the ex-president, threatening to fallow it up
with other exposures, until he can receive per
sonal satisfaction for the injuries which he thinks
himself to have received.
The Picayune says :
"There is no limit to the enthusiasm of the
people of Texas in regard to Annexation. The
only trouble with them appears to be, whether
to meet in Convention and forma Constitution
for 'the State of Texas' prior or subsequent to the
meeting of Congress. This is a fertile theme
for the several editors. To show the disposition
of the President of Texas, we make a short ex
tract from the Morning Star of the 3d inst., pub-
ished at Houston :
'We rejoice to say that we have the most po-
sitive evidence that the President and a majority
of the members of his Cabinet are anxious to act
with the utmost harmony with the people, and
will cordially co-operate with them in their ef
forts to consummate this great measure at the
earliest practicable period.'
The Hon. F.. Allen, the acting Secretary of
State, arrived at Houston on the 22d ult. The
Telegraph assures lis that he is nn ardent friend
of Annexation, and is desirous that 'the great
measure should be consummated at the earl if -t
practicable period.'
The papers contain ample roports of public
meetings declarative of the feelings of the peo
ple in regard to annexation. There is no occa
sion to give these reports, so nearly unanimous
are the sentiments of the whole country. The
Texans already retard themselves as part and
parcel of the United States, and, pioud of the
Union, are only impatient that any delays should
be interposed to its completion. Even the pa
pers oppo-ed to Annexation but insinuate their
objections ; they s-e that it must take place, and
refrain from any open resistance to it. If we
can judge from the tone of the press, and from
verbal -communications, not all the diplomatic
resources of the world can sway at all the gene
ral mind of Texas. The papers have some ru
mors of disaffection to the Mexican Goxernment
in some of her Northern Departments. The
wish may be father to the thought' in this case
We have probably as late advices here as to the
movement of Cen. Arista as has been received
in Texas."
fXjThe narrative and report of Capt. Wilkes'
exploring expedition, will be, although a highly
interesting and useful work, a very expensive
one tolhe government. The entire official pub
lication, when completed, will embrace 24 vol
umrs, nine of which are volumes of folio plates
The cost and expenses for -publishing the whole
work are estimated at $69,370, vis : narrative,
121,000; charts, $15,000; the remaining por
tions occupying th residue.
Oreoon Wheat There was left with us,
says the Frederick Herald, a few heads of ' Ore
gon Wheat," which were taken from Bloomfield
farm, belongicg to Henry R. Smellier, Esq , near
Middb town, Maryland. Said wheat was in bra I
on the 28th of April. The gentleman who left
it stated that it was the natural w heat of Oregon
Territory, brought in by a missionary, and pre.
sented to Gen. J. Hite, of Pennsylvania ; he sta
ted that the natives told him that it bad been
growing there spontaneously for a great many
years.
The Fsankino Privilege. During the dis
cussion in favor of abolishing the franking pri
vilece, it w as contended that meuibers of Con-
gress had franked their shirts borne to be washed.
The romance treated a smile, but it seems that
nmethine like it has actually occurred. A Mr.
Beach of Georgia, in debate, charged Mr. Gid
dings of Ohio, with having franked "a calic
frock," marked Pub. Doc. It turns out to have
been E D. Potter who franked home the frock.
The Postmaster says it was McNulty's frank,
but the package wasdirected to Mrs. E. D Pot
ter, and at the next mail some dry foods were
frai.kcd in the same manner.
Laroc Hail of Fish. The New Haven
Courier states that the largest haul of white fish
ever taken in that place was last Monday, when
ffl(tn huwhrel ttiim-'and were taken. One mil
lion is the largest number ever before taken at
once in the harbor, and were taken last year at
that place. The net used is three hundred and
fifty rods long, and yet it was filled to overflow
ing. So great was the rush of fish in a biwly
from one extreme to the other of the net, that a
bystander represents the noise to have been equal
to that of a steamboat. At the rate they are sold.
this haul would produce the snug little sum of
750 dollars.
Strange Recognition. The Boston Times
says a youeg gentleman in the public streets of
that city clasped a young lady around thi waist,
and uttering a cry of joy, printed several kisses
upon her lips with the quickness of thought. On
coming to an explanation, it was found that the
young gentleman had mistaken the lady for her
twin sister, w horn he was courting. The Timrs
thinks it dangerous to marry a lady who has a
twin sister, as a man might be kissing somebody
else's wife when he thought he had his ow n.
The labor of a single Locomotive is equal to
that of 068 horses, according to statistics recent
ly published. Trains of cars leave Boston and
Albany every morning, each train carrying 100
tons of merchandize, running at an average rate
of 13 miles an hour, or 100 miles a day, includ
ir.g stoppages. A horse would carry 1200 lbs
over the mountains 25 miles per day. Divide
the load of this one Engine by 1,200, and the
number of horses for 23 miles in a day is 161
Four times this number, or 668 could carry this
load 100 miles each day. Hence the iron horse
is every day, foul or fair, doing the work of 688
horses. Ledger.
Slavery In the British West Initlrs.
The "apprentice system," as the new species
of slavery is called w hich the British have intio
duced in the West Indies, is exciting much at
tention, and calls for inquiry whether that go
vernment is acting in good faith in its profes
sions of a desire to suppress this horrible traffic.
It seems that w hen a slaver is captured on th
African coat by a British ship, she is taken to
Sierra I.eone, the slaves are landed, and instead
of being settled in the colony as formerly, are
told that they must emigrate to the West Indies
as "free laborers," to shift for themselves.
they will consent to emigrate, the government
will give them a passage gratis. If they refuse
they must hire themselves out at Sierra Leone
at four pence or seven pence a day, when they
can find employment, which is seldom possible.
Ithey try to reach their old homes, they have
no means of supplying their wai.ts on the jour
ney ; and if they escape the danger of being en
slaved by the way, they have nothing to expect
but to be sold by their old masters to the next
slaver that arrives. They are virtually obliged
to emigrate. Mr. Wise, in one of his despatches
to our government, says :
"I submit whether, under our treaty with Eng
land, some inquiry should be made which will
elicit information as to her mode of enslaving
captured Africans in her colonies. Is it not, in
fact, a part of the slave-trade to take them away
from their own country without their consent, to
bind them out undera system of apprenticeship
Are proper steps taken to guard their identity.
and to revent them from being enslaved for life?
If they may be held in bondage for a term of
five or ten years, why not for fifty or one hun
dred years, or any period beyond the duration of
human life ? It is openly avowed here, from
various quarters, that many of these apprentices
after being bound out, are reported to be dea l by
their masters; their names are changed and
flesh marks are taken out, and they are tramt
formed into slaves for life. Has England, under
her treaties with and pledges to the woild,
right to carry on a system like this, which leads
to the difect encouragement ofthe Jrade he pro
fesses to suppress, and which, by fraud and cru
eltv. increases its horrors, inhumanities and
crimes T"
The President's Appointments.
The Washington Union, in answer to a cor
respondent who uses partly the language of com
plaint and perhaps of advice, on the dispensa
tion of the executive patronage, and remarks,
that there is "no possible way to rally the de
mocratic party and keep them together, except
the friends of all the presidential candidates are
fairly and equally dealt by according to their
political standing, recommendations and merit,"
says :
"We speak advisedly, when we say that the
President of the United States knows no cliques
in the republican party ; that, in the dispensation
ofthe public offices, be makes no discrimination
among the friends of the late Presidential candi
dates ; that, in giving or refusing office, be does
not ask himself, nordo-s he ask others, 'whether
fthis man was o friend of Mr. Von Buren,' or 'that
a friend of Mr. Calhoun, or Mr. Cass, or Mr. Bu
chanan.' In filling up vacancies, he takes care
to put in Republicans who are amply qualified,
according to the best lights which are present
ed to his mind, to discharge its duties who 'are
honest, capab'e, and faithful to the constitution.'
He has enjoined the same course of action upon
the members of his cabinet, and will take care
to see, as far as possible, that this rule will be
faithfully carried out by all the officers, whom
he calls on to co operate with him in the public
Si-rvicc. . He has already declared more than
onee. that he himself will not be a candidate
for a second term of office. He has authorized
us to declare it asain in the Propctus which
we have submitted to the nation, as the creed of
our own faith, and the gui le of our own course.
He does not, therefore, design to shape his admi
nistration to assist any aspirant, or to make his
appointments to promote his own re-election;
but to carry out faithfully the powers which the
people have placed in his hands."
The Union says Mr. Polk may be deceived
in some of bis appointments, but no one more
rejrefs when nn unwise one is made. The Pre.
sutent, it appears from the same article, devotes
himself with the greatest assiduity to the pub
lic business. He works from ten to twelve
hours in every twenty-four ; holds two cabinets
a week ; sees visitors two hours every dav.
when the Cabinet is not employed. He is also
in frequent communion with his Secretaries.
His correspondence is very heavy. His care in
looking over every letter which he receives is
far from b-ing inconsiderable. Letters ot re
commendation ore pouring in upon him in favor
of applicants for office. The other dav he had
to appoint four officers in one of our principal
towns. For one of them there Were not less
than thirteen candidates, each of them backed
by numerous friends. The President had to
wade through the budgets of letters which each
one presented to his consideration. But foi the
business habits which he brought to Washington,
the Union says, it would scarcely be possible
for him to discharge his duties as carefully and
as conscientiously as he is now doing, w ithout
serious injury to his constitution. ledger.
More Sc-ientit'c Wonders. Wibner's
News a t'er states that ther is an arm ejuce-
ment in the Mechanics' Mugszine, of the l'Jth
ult., of a phn, invented by Mr. W. . June,
for the rapid transmission of letters and liirlit
despatches thningh tubular passages, at crrtnia
intervals, in which he proposes to place air-ox-hnustintr
machines, which will establish n per
petunl current or artificial hurricane, by means
of which spherically sh:iped ela-tic vehicles, or
bags, will be blown at inconceivable speed from
station to slation. The first cost is estiins'ed
by Mr. James at jC2,(HtO per mile, and the work
ing expenses at from JCil(X) to JJ.VKI per annum
for every fi'ly miles. It is alleged that a won
derful engine, culled the air engine, has lately
been constructed by Professor Reiiiajjale, who
is seeming patents in every civilized country ol
the eiirtli. The po"r. which is ne I ('produced
in the engine, is obtained from condensed air,
which though easily managed, begets an im
mense force, the present engine, w hich stmd.-
on a sptce not exceeding two feet squire, ha
ving a power cq'nl to rive hundred and sixty
eight horse's. For pumping water out of mine;
it is gravely proposed to n-e a 10,01)0 toV.M,(HH
horse power, iu order to do the work promptly
It is stated, that, with the present small engine
two hundred and twenty tons can be propeller
at a rate of twenty-five to thirty miles per hour
I'he description of the action ofthe machine i
very vague, but it is said that several vety emi
neut and scientific men have examined it am
xprcsse.l their astonishment. Professor Furrc
lay, having seen the drawing and heard tin
tlu-ory and practice of llii invention explained
complimented the mvcn'or by declaring that h
had discovered perpetual motion of the mjt
terrific description.
Ax ExiiNCiVisHCK oa Snitfrs Candles
may be made to burn their own wicks by satu
rating them with a strong solution of nitre, and
then thoroughly drying them. The cause ofthe
wicks ofthe candles refusing to burn, is, that the
air cannot get access to them. The nitre, how
ever, at a high temperature, will supply oxygen
enough for this purpose.
Ohio and Viroinia Ohio has a population
of about 1.800.000: Virginia has about l,:i0.
000. Tho former produces 5,000.000 bushels
of wheat more than the latter more than twice
as much barely, and one-third owe of oats.
II4L.TIMOKK MAHWKT.
Offiee i-flhe. lUiTiwoas Aoksicast. May 19.
GRAIN We quote Md. Wheats at 100 a 10
rts. for prime reds receipts very trifling. Sab
to day of 4000 bushels Penna. reds at 95 a 97 ct
Sales of Md. Corn at 58 a 3a cts. for white, a:
4 1 a 43 cts for yellow. A sale of Penna. ye
low at 4 1 cts. We quote Oats at 26 cts sale
WHISKEY. The market continues very dt
and the sales confined to very small lots at '.
cts. for hhds. and 22 cts. for bbls.
Tua UatmiaiTH Pills srb ihtibslt V
actable, snd m ide on thise principles which l
experience has proved cornc'. It is now no spi
ul ition when they are restored to in sickness, I
Ibey are known to be the b'St cleanser ofthe s
mscb snd bowels, snd in all dyspelic and bills
caee ibey are a groat blessing. Let avery fain
keep these Pi Is in the house, "If iahbfully us
when there is occain for medicine, it will he v
seldom that a doctor will be irquirtd. 1. 1 all ca
of cold, cough, or rheumatism, ths afBicled owt
to their bodies to use these Pills.
fj Purchasa of II. B. Maseer, Sunbory, er
lbs sgeuis, published in another part of ihieptpe