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NEW SETUES, VOL. 9, NO. 48.
SUNBUUY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1857.
OLD SERIES, VOL- 17. NO. B
JllElliCilE,
TThe Sunbury American
I pt'IiMsIlED LVERY SATLUDAT
I' BY H.B. NASSER,
Market Stuart, Sunbury, Tenna.
TBRMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
TWO DOLLARS per ivnum M be pid l1f yeriy '
4ra c No lconiii.ud gnlil all .rrens e. ara
"aU communications t.f letter. ""''"J" 7,.l'n to
tiu, oft., to mime stieutHii, '" " 1 OBi I AlU.
TO CLUBS.
Three copies W one sdJreM, 'J
rilieeii Lio "uo
Fiv. dollar, in lvnee will pny foi thru ye.t'..ub-
nriiliii In Ihv Aiuem-aii.
Pormnrters will please sel a. cut Agent., nd flunk
te". e ntai in.,- su miTipii n money. Tiiey .re permit
tl to d . "'- Ue U:Rc L"w-
TKRMi OF A11VEIT1SINO
Wqtmieol 14 line., 9 "me.,
f,rri u.i tqueiil iiiMilwiii
iuc .ii-iii . 3 m -nih.,
ix uv'titli., i
.!"i.,e Ctt..l f M t" "rT1
. w.t"i tf i.nvi.eSe f mwrling
100
IJ
Jill)
IKI
BOO
3u0
1000
'Mn ..i il..e..t.a.' pet .tfeait.
jOH ntlNTl.NO.
w. We cmu-cied with onr establishment wel
,ld JOIIoJ'fICK, wh.ch will enable u. to execute
" the neatest .tyle. every variety ' printing.
ETB. i.SSER .
jATTOKNEY AT LAW,
i BUMBVRV, PA.
I Business attended torn the Counties of Nor
fi.jmherla.iJ, Cition, Lycoming Monloui and
-Oclumliia.
Inferences in Philadelphia;
r41n. Tot. It. Trson, Chnt. Gibbons.
joiner, ft Siio.lra, l-'nn, Smith Co.
musYIioWtain colliery
SUPERIOR WHITE ASH
ANTHBAOITB GOAL,
ifrom the Mammoth Vein, fir Furnaces, Found
ries, Steamboats and Family use,
V.T. Cabmil, NoaTHCMaiiUiiaii Cocnti, Pa.
SIZES OF COAL.
I LUMP, fr Blast Furnaces and Cupolas,
i STEAMBOAT, for Steamboats, Hot Air
rlurnaiTH and Steam.
i UKOKEN, pot Gratca, Stovca and Stea.
: KUIJ, S .
. SroV'li, ; For Stovea, Steam and burning
Nirr, $ Lime.
PEA, for Limeburnrra and muking Steam,
i Onlera received at Mt. Carmel or Nortliuin
l4rlaud W'Uarf, will receive prompt attention.
M. B. BKLL,
D. J. LEWI-,
W ILLIAM MUin.
May 3, 1S56 if
DiiAVOItTH St CO.
Hardware Merchants,
Having removed from No. 53 to "o. 73
Market Street, rbiluJeluliia,
Are prepared, with greatly increased fucilitiea,
All order, for HARDWARE uf every variety
i'a lest lerma, from a full assortment, including
'.ailroatl WhoveU. Picks, 4c
(nnntrv mercliiint. and olhera will Dnd U to
heir im:el to"cal! and examine our atock
be.
tre pur;hMiiir rlscw'itre.
April 12, I M56. ly
TJ."S."OP
'ioi ami our Xalwe Lund."
LfSOL'F.HANNA CAMP. No. 83, of the O.
I of the I . 8.
A. hold in stated session" ever)
yToNtiAT evenina in llii'ir New Hall, opposite L..
. ltrii;liU store
i-rga'ia, i,00.
Sunliury, Pa. Inititution anil
M. L
hlUNDEL. W. C.
I.IVI Sr.A4iinl.TZ, I!. S.
Sunliury, January 10, 1857
oct 20 '55
O. OF XT- -A-- IVE.
SUNULKY ftiUN'TL, No. 30, O. of V. A.
M. iiiei'U ever) 1'rtnnAT ecning in the
Imerkau hull, opposito E. Y. llrilil's store,
Market tr. et, Sniibury, Pa. Members of the
der are resiU'Ctluily requeated to aitend.
M. L. Slll.N DEL, C.
8. S. Ih. nRicK, R. S
Siiubiirv. Jan. ft. I S57. net 20. '65.
i J". 3- OIF -L;i-.
f,"irASIU.SUTt' TAMP, No. 19 J. S. of A
V hold it tnt.t iiieeiiiig every Thursday
evening, in the American Hall, M.irket Htreet,
Ijubury.
WM. H.MUSSELMAN, P.
- A. A. SmssLva. K. '
, Sunbury. July 6. lHf.0 if.
1" JL'UL Ul.l E loi table use, two site
at 37 and C2J cent jul ri'ceivid by
WM. A. BKUNER,
'. June 2), '56.
t i-
v Illacklierry Israinly!
"yfl'ST received a fresh supply of Blackberry
J Brandy and invaluable remedy for Bummer
icomplaiiw. by WM. A. URUNER.
Auaul2, If56.
Flour, Feed and Provision tore.
SEASH0LTZ & PETERY,
tiroadtray, between Marttt & Jitackberry S
eTsESPEOTFULLY inform the citizens of
hunbury and vicinity that they have just
nceived a large and well selected assortment
of oh'uica
FAICILT GROCERIES.
Desisting in part of Ham. Shoulders, Mackerel,
erring, White Fish, Cod Fish, Suit Preseived
'lutt, Pickle., Cracker, Cheese, Molasses, Rice,
fcUffar, Coffee. (Rreeu, roasted and ground,) Im
inal. Young Hyson, Gunpowder and Black
Yeas, Cedar-ware, Stone-ware, Soaps, hrusue.
i4ow and wash line., boots and shoe, tobacco,
" d . ....ll..
Srgars, etc., logeiner wiui every article uiuunv
f.und in a first class Grocery Store, all of which
will be sold at the lowest prices, either for cash or
country produce. We are also prepared to sup
,ly the eitiarns with fresh bread, twist, rolls, pies,
tretzela and cakes of every kind.
N. B. Tu highest rash prices will ha paid for
altar and eggs, corn, oats, rya and wbeaU
Sunbury, May 31, 1850.
nmov, Liwur.vcF, &. to.,
PAPER, PRINTERS' CARDS,
ENVELOPE 8c RAG
yO. 5 MJAOH STREET, PHI LA DEL' A
1 0i tons (tags wanted fox Cash.
August 23, SftO.6in . ..
STOVES '
TCOR-aALC m exr.lU-nl second-band Ctk
- tug Stoves SUM svvarsJ' t))liuaVti.Omd
fttoee. Enquire at thi. onica.
CMLVEK WATCHES. A-fow doubl t
J English bUver Watch, for sola at vary lots
pic by H.V MAb'btK.
Stuiburr. April 19. 154.
O. PicNjune.
Wandering on tha shores of niPin'ry,
Oatliering up tbfl frnf(ment, cast
By I lie surging wuvpa of frelmg,
From the ocean of the past.
Here a shell and there a pelible,
With its edges worn nwuy
By the rolling of the waters
By the dnshing of the spray.
Some lie rrnooth, and many tinted,
High npon the glist'ning sand ;
Others, sharp and freshly scattered,...'
Wound when taken iu the hand.
Here are wrecks of by gone treasures,
(Jarnered iu our eui ly years ;
Gathered now in hidden cavern?,
Crusted with the salt of tears.
Every hope and every sorrow,-
That the world has ever known :
Venst'ls launched in youth's bripht hour,
On this shadowy beach are thrown.
ITere are pleasure bouts that glided
O'er smooth waters for awhile,
There rich argosies of feelinfr.
Freighted with a kiss or smile. '
Joy that vanished, ere 'twas tafted,
is but sea weed wet with spruy ;
Eugerly we seek to grasp it
Lo I its beauties fade away;
Flouting in the distant future,
It was dipped with rainbow dyes ;
But upon the sands of niem'ry,
Now iu tangled masses lies.
Here ate wrecks of early friendships,
Living only in the pnst ;
Vessels which are fur too fragile,
To withstand misfortunes blast.
By them nobler barks are lying
Burks that weathered eveiy gale.
Till ou Death, tfieir life boats shattered,
They wero never known to fail.
Round about are remnants lying,
Of the cargoes which they bore,
And on each these words are graven ;
"Friend, we've only gone before."
For it gives both pain and pleasure,
To reflect that when we die.
Scattered on the sur.ds of Mem'ry,
vVe in other heart way lie.
Tk.vema.
gals anfc rienccs.
HOW PRINTING TYPE ARE MALE.
In the manufacture of printing type, vari
ous processes are gone through, all requiring
very great accuracy and care. Many im
provements bavo been made, nor is it im
probable that more will be effected. We
shall give a brief, and we hope a clear, de
scription of the modern manufacture of type,
as we have observed it in a large establish
ment of this city. Each establishment has
peculiarities of its own, but the general
principles are the same.
The letters, etc., are first cut upon a steel
punch. This requires great skill. The char
acters are oftentimes extremely minute, and
every ' puins is taken to procure not only
individual beuuty, but general uniformity.
Nor only letters, but figures, signs, and orna
ments in endless varieties, tire thus cut.
There are, also, spaces used to sepiirute
words. Quadrats, which are larger than
spaces, sepurate sentences, and iu general
occupy the position among type that is rep
resented by the uupriuted purls, both spaces
and quadrats being shorter than type. In a
! full font of type there ure about 3U0 different
characters, the cost ol tne separate pun
ches varies from two to fifty dollars Alter
the punch bus been cut, it is indented to a
certuin depth into a block of copper ; this is
calied the matrix. Klectrotyping has of lute
years been used for the purpose of obtaining
matrices from the type itself, by which means
type founders are enubled toavuil themselves
of each other's labor. Business inomlity is
of a most elastic quality, and it would be a
useless expendituie of tune to question the
propriety of the practice.
An apparatus denominated the mold, is
used for forming the body of the type, and
to lliis mold, winch answers for all the types
of a font, the different matrices are adjusted
as required. He who utljusu the matrices to
the mold is called a justiuer, or more com
monly a fitter. All the types of a font ure
of the same length and depth, though the
etters upon them vary iu tlieir dimensions
fiie mold is so constructed as to admit of
the width being altered to suit the letters to
be cast; thus the letter I, which is very
narrow, is upon the body of a type, the per
pendicular luce or wtiicn is precisely lue
same as that of the letter W, several limes
as wide. Jt is necessary that tha bodies of
types should also have ull their lines ut exact
right angles ; without this they would nut
stand in line, and woald consequently be
useless. If the types varied in height, they
would not give a perfect impression, in en-
eavonug lo obtain wiucn, some wouia oe
subjected to an injurious pressure. A few
types nave a portion oi lue luce oi lue tetter
projecting over the body, as iu the letter f ;
this projection is called the kern, aud in com
bination with other letturs the projecting purt
generally extends over the next letter, as iu
fe.
Jq these combiuamns, wuerein me aeru
would come in coutuct with auother letter.
compound types are cast, as iu the case ol
n, n, m, ttl. some years since mese com
binations were much more uumerous, but
many have been dispensed with by altering
the form of the letter.
The next operation is that of casting.
The old method, which is even to the preseut
time generally used in England, may be thus
described. The matrix having been adjusted
to the mold, is tuken by the castor in his left
band. At his right, upon a furnace, is a pot
of molten metal. This metal he dips out in
suitable quantities wilb a small ladle, aud
pours into the mold, at me same lime giving
a quick upward jerk, for the purpose of for
cing the luetal well iuto the matrix, lo give
the type a good face. A spring wnicu liohls
tne matrix in its proper position, is men
moved ; the matrix is pried out from off the
type, the mold opened, and tha type thrown
out. By ibis method an averuge of about
4000 types per day can be east by one muii.
An important improvement was made in
1814, by Archibald Uinsey, of Philadelphia,
whereby, with one motion of the bund, tbe
matrix was thrown out and the mold opened.
The invention increased tbe rapidity with
which types were cast at least fifty par ceut.
Tvu e antlers aennired great expertuess, and
with tha band molds were enabled to cast
with extraordinary rapidity, but only for a
short tima.
In 1828 the casting maebin was patented
by WilUu M.JoUoo, as iageoircs ciliaua
From the N.
MEMORY.
of New York, and pnt In operation in Mr.
White's fonndry. since which time it has been
greatly improved. By this contrivance,
pump inserted in the molten metal injects
the requisite quantity into tho mold, which
is brought sharply into contact with the
piston,' the mold then comes off from the
pump, opens, and discharges the type into a
box. In typo foundries, generally, this ma
chine is worked by hand ; hut in the one we
hud the pleasure of examining, steam power
is successfully applied. At least three times
the nnmher of type can be Cast by the ma
chine than by the ordinary hand mold, and a
velocity of 200 revolutions per minute (each
revolution forming one type) has occasionally
been obtained, thonxh the actual results are
by no nienns to be based upon that fact.
Various cuuses operate to prevent a long
continuance of such speed.
The type, ufter being discharged from the
mold, has a piece of metal, calied the jet,
attached to the bettom ; this is broken off by
a liny, railed the breaker, and the singular
swiftness of all his motions is truly astonish
ing. Smart lads or girls, who have had
sufficient experience, perform all these ope.
rations with such rapid. ty as to pain the eye
that observes them. The jets having been
removed, the types are tuken to another
rnom, where boys and girls are engaged in
rubbing off thit inequalities upon the sides.
This is effected by bringing the type in con.
tact with a smooth stone, prepared fur the
purpose, end moving it from side to side.
The rubbers generally smooth several at the
same time. Those letters which are kerned
as before described, cannot be wholly rubbed
upon a flat surface, and they are consequently
filed smooth by tin ingenious contrivance,
which prevents the kern from being injured.
After this operation the types are set
together, with the fuces downwuru, in a com
posing stick eight inches long, and thence
are transferred to the setting stick, which is
one yard in length. Those who do this are
called setters. The dresser now takes tlio
setting sticks, and placing the line of type
upon a flat surface, tightens it with a screw ;
then, with a piece of steel having sharp
angles, he rubs off the edges, turning the
line of type for thut purpose. They are then
placed, face downward, in a vice, and the
dresser, with a plane, cuts a small grove in
the end, over the place from which the jet
bus been removed, lie now carefully exum
ines the fuces with a magnifying glass, re
jecting all such as are in the least imperfect.
The perfect types are now formed, and they
are placed together, side by side, upon a
small board with a frame on three edges,
until there is n prge. Tbu page is uniform in
size, being 6 by 4 inches. A cord is then
(frawn several limes tightly around the page,
unci it is wrapped up in paper ready for the
printer.
Type metal is readily fusible, and is com
posed of antimony, tin. and lead. These are
used in vaiious proportions, according to the
size of the letter and the degree of elasticity
required, l.utely, a process, by which the
face of type is coated wilh copper, thereby
increasing its durability, bus been adopted to
a considerable extent.
Until wilhin a few years there were but
few vurities of tjpe in use now they are to
be counted by hundreds. They are cast
from the most minute size up to lui ce blocks
havinir a surface face of 16 square inches.
Of L'itiinotid type (the smallest size in use.)
201 lines measure 12 inches. Of an uveruged
sized Diamond letter, 91,274-may be im
pressed on a surface of one square foot ; and
there are Diamond spaces so small thut
203.18" will go to a square foot, or 1411 to
the squure inch : and of these about 6.200
are obtained from one pound of metal. The
largest letter regularly supplied by type
founders js -culled twelve line pica; these are
two inches on the perpendicular face, varying
in width with the letter. The larger sizes
that we see on show-bills, etc , are cut iu
wood.
Such is a brief, and. we (eel, very imperfect
sketch tif the origin, progress, und present
condition of an art which bus already accom
plished so much for mankind. Kulogium has
been exhausted in its praise it is beyond
all praise ; like the sun, the air, it is a. neces
sity "The Art Preservative of'oll. Arts."
It has enlightened ignorunce, dispersed error,
corrected superstition, and overthrown unities.
It strengthens the brave, encourages the
timid, inspires the desponding, and consoles
the afflicted. Its light penetrates the dark
est dungeon, and cheers the most humble
cottage. Truth accompanies it and error
flees before it. It will regenerate the
world ! Germantoicn 'Telegraph.
FlKKAKM 1.NVKNTION8. -A CUIinon of
wrought iron or cast steel has been invented
for field purposes by Mr. Williums, an En
glish Government contractor, which is to be
curried to 1)ih field in pieces on men's shoul
ders, and put together iu a few minutes, so as
to lie stronger than any gun cast or rubrica
ted iu one piece. In this way, also, doubt
less uny weight, as mere vis inertia, required
for the recoil could readily be applied. A
new steuni canuou bus beeu founded in France
on au old invention, said to be described iu a
manuscript by Leonard da Vinci, und dated
1490. exuul in the achieves of the French
Institute. A "bullet extructor" is a contri
vance which may also be appropriately cbroii.
cled here. It consists of a small air pump
and cylinder, to which a tup is affixed. Tu
this lap is attached a suitable length of flexi
ble tubing. Al the eud there is a small
globe, from which a tub sufficiently minute to
puss into a bullet wound is fixed, the end ter
minating with an India rubber collar. On
the top of the globe there is a small tup. A
vacuum is created in the cylinder, when the
bullet becomes fixed to the tube by the va
cuum, aud is thus withdrawn. The Board
ol Ordnance have had their attention drawn
to an improved revolving rifle, with the bar
rels as large as the Minie rifle, now in use, and
chamber similar to the repeutiog pistol. The
weapon will dischiuge fire shots in four se
colitis, und cau be loaded with extraordinary
facility. It is also stated thut the Mime nlle
has been improved upon us iollows ; iiistVud
of a short iron tube inserted iu the bull", it is
to bemude with a cavity, into wlncli ol pow.
tier will be forced, and its explosion dues the
whole work of spread, ng the ball so as to
complttuly slug or fill the rifled bore or the
gun.
Watkr Proof Composition. One-half
pond of talli.w, lam unces of turpentine, two
ounces bees-wax, two ounces olive oil, fiMir
ounces hou's lurd.l I should be nibbed on
new boots or shoes two or tlwee limes ueiore
usiui! them. Bv addine a small quantity of
lamp black sud increasing the quantity of
beeswax an excellent black: ban is ooiuineu.
Tub Us sat Domr of the new building of
the British Museum, is said to be rooted witb
fibrous slabs described as something nsw
for builders. These slabs, which it appears
are a Dateoted article, partake of the nature
of wood, can ba made of any size, do not
twist, shrink, or rot, and do act co&duct
1 or wA,
-iPisccHancous.
A French Marriage of Prudence,
Tbe Faris Siecle contains the following :
"On the 29th of December last, a town iu
the North of France was quite en fete on ac
count of the marriage of M'dlle. Eugenie
D , the only daughter of a manufactur
er of tbe neighborhood, wittiM. Charles
V, the son of a wealthy merchant of
Paris. The marriage was one of prudence
and arrangement rather than of love. All
the questions of i nterest had been carefully
attended to, but the point of mulnnl inclina
tion was totally neglected. Every one seem
ed gay and happy, except the bride. How
ever, the ceremony took place, and a wedding
banquet followed, the whole being terminated
by a splendid ball. The festivities wore
drawing to a close, when a servant informed
the bridegroom that a gentleman desired to
speak with him on a very urgent affair. The
bridegroom went out, but did not return for
the rest of the evening. The guests, one
by one, retired but the husband still remain
ed absent, and at last, long after midnight,
the bride withdrew to her chamber. There
she at once discovered the cause of her hus
band's absence, fur on the table by the bed
side she found a small parcel and the follow
ing note trom her husband :
Madamk: If I hud no right in marrying
you to expect a sincere affection, since we
were but little acquainted with each other, 1
however, looked for a heart which had never
throbbed for another, and which I might by
assidity and teiuleruess in the end make my
own. 'But a long series of letters from you to
another man have just been placed in my
hand letters which prove, that if yon gave
me your baud, your affection has been given
to another. 1 cannot, Madame, accept such
urruiicenient, and, as I am unable to read
asunder the bonds which have joined ns a few
hours since. 1 am determined to protest at
least by my absence against the union which
have contracted ; and the first day of your
marriage shall be the first also of a widow
hood which shall only terminate by the death
of one of us. Adieu, Madam, for ever !
'The next morning, the house of tbe rich
manufacturer was plunged into consternation
for the bride was found deud in her room from
the fumes of lighted charcoal On the table
lay the parcel of letters transmitted by her
husband, and near them the follewiug note :
'Monsikk: It is 1 who am in the wrong,
and it is 1, therefore, who ought to offer a re
paration. 1 give you the only one thut is in
my power; I restore to you your liberty, and
1 expire imploring your pardon."
"Ladies" in the Bible.
Col. Benton says there are no '"ladies in tbe
ItibSe. but tbe Colonel is mistaken. In a re
cent letter to the National Intelligencer, cor
recting the report ol bis New England speech
in New Yoik city, he makes the following
blunder in setting himself right :
"I did not suy ladies. Thut woid is not in
the Bible, nor is it in any Creek or Roman
book; and, if I must give food for a para
graph on egotism' in some newspaper in which
the editor ' may not yet have acquired tbe
right t print the pronoun ego before any art
of his own. 1 will add, that phruse b not in
the Tins Years' View, in any part of the au
thor's own writing."
Whereupon the N Y. Observer quotes the
fellowing passages from the Bible, showing
tho venerable Senator thut the word lady is
used four times and ladies twice :
Isaiah xlvii.: 5: "Sit thou silent, and jret
thee ir.to darkness, O daughter of the Chal
deans; for tbou slialt no more be culled, Tbe
ludy of Kingdoms."
Isaiah xlvii. : 7 ; "And thou saidst, I shall
be a ludy for ever ; so that thou didst not lay
these things to toy heart, neither didst re
member the end of it."
2 John i. : 1 : "The elder unto the elect
lady and her children, whom I love in the
truth ; and not J only, but also ail tney that
have known the truth.''
2 John i. : 5 : "And now I beseech thee,
lady, not as though I wrote a new command
ment unto thee, but that which we had from
the beginning, thut we love one another."
Judges v : '-'J: "Her wise ladies answered
her. yea, she returned answer to herself."
Esther i: 18: "Likewise shall the ladies of
Persia and Media say this day onto all tbe
king's princes, which have heard of tbe deed
of the queen."
Some use for a poodle dog has been found
out as lust. The New York Tribune has
made the discovery.
Having abiding faith in theaxiem that no
thing was created iu vuin, we have long sought
for some apology for the little creatures
known as poodlu dogs, and at las,t we have
found their uses. A lady who kept one of
these curly abominations recently lost her pel
aud called upon a policeman to find it. '1 ho
next day tbe policeman 'came with tbe
dug, which was very wet and dirty. The la
dy of course was overjoyed, asked forty cilly
questions, among others. "Where did you
find the dear baby!" Why niann," replied
the officer, a big nigger up iu Sullivan street
bad him tied to a polo aud was washing win
dows with biui."
Printino Officr Loafers. The follow,
ing from an Eastern paper, is sensible to the
lust, and deserves a wide circulation :
A nrintinir office is like a school it can
have no interlopers, hangers-on or twaddlers,
without a serious inconvenience, to say
nothing ot lost time, which is just as much
irold to the printer, as if metulically glitter-
iue- in his hand. nut wouiu tie tuougui oi
a man who would enter a school, and
twuddle first wilh the teacher, and then with
tliH scholars: interruptinir the studies of
one, ami breaking the discipline of the other?
And yet, this is the ctlect ol tue louler in tne
printing office. He seriously interferes witb
the course of business, d.slructs tbe nxed
uttentiun which is oecessary to the good
Dtinter. and the interest of every establish
ment. No real mun ever sacrifies the inter,
eats or interferes wilh the duties of others.
The loafer does both. Let linn think, il
thought he ever has, that the last place he
should ever insinuate his wmlliiess und un
welcome presence into, is the printing-office.'
Wikdino vr a Law Siit. The Louisville
Courier says that young uan "from the Coun
try promised tuuuy years ago iu wuip mi in
dividual who bud a law suit wilb a relative,
aud lb other day meeting bis ancient enemy,
for tha fir&t Liuie stuca th vow, in the street
at Loeisville, b pitched into and. gave him a
most thorough whipping
"Dick. I sav. why don't von tarn the buffa
lo robe t'other tide out! hair is the warmest."
"Bah, Tom. you. est out. Do yon suppose
tha animal bimseir didn't know now to wsar
Tin Rocrcfs of TnH Mississippi. In the
following eloquent description of the Missis
sippi river the "father of waters"--we have
a fit representation of tha mingled interests
or this great Union, uniting trom a tnousann
points, and following On Iu one deep, broad
channel of national wealth and prosperity:
'Crta-bivrket of water from tha Missis
sippi river a jsew Orleans, and ask yonrself
the question, 'rrom whence came ill and the
answer may be, from tbe sandy deserts ol
New Mexico, from tha pine hills of Carolina,
from tho rolling prairies of Nebraska, or
from the cotton fields of Georgia ; from the
British possessions north of the twenty-ninth
degree of latitude, separated by a thin ridge
of ice-covered rocks from the streams that
flow into tha Arctic ocean, or from bowers
of orange aud magnolia thnt perfume the
cane fields of Louisiana; from the frozen
lakes that gem the bosom of Minnesota and
Wisconsin, or from the sunny fountains that
gush up from the flowery plains of Alabama
and Tennessee ; from the lake-bound penin
sula of Michigan, from the hill-sides of wav
ing grain in Pennsylvania and New York ;
from the tobacco fields of Virginia and Mary
land. It may be a part of those mighty
volume that roll their never-tiring waves
through Iowa and Missouri ; through Illinois,
Indiaua and Ohio; through Kentucky and
Arkansas, Mississippi and Texas.
"It is a part of the ten thousand little rills
that come hymning their way from that
mountain ridge wherein arise the Columbia
and Colorado of the west, or of those from
whence the Delaware and Susquehannahasten
away to meet the rising sun. In tho spurs
of the Allegheny it has saluted the springs
of tbe Roanoke and the Saluda, and lai
beyond the bluck hills it has locked arms
with the mighty Saskashawan as he hurried
on his cheerless journey to Hudson's Bay.
The springs ff tho Conewango listen to the
rour of Niagara, and the fountains of tbe
Platte overlook the craters of the extinct
volcanoes ol Utah. It has fertilized a
couotry greater than the empire of Alexan
der, and has carried a richer commerce than
all the rivers tributary to imperial Rome."
Mors Lead Minks is Missouri. The lead
mines of Missouri promise to be as important
to the interests of thut Stute, as the coal and
iron resources of Pennsylvania havo been to
us. rsew mines nave recently oeen discover
ed, of much value at the head of Swan river,
in Taney county. I bey promise, a yield
equal to the prairie mines of Newton count v,
which have become famous. About seventy
feet below the surface, the mioers have stru k
a solid bed of mineral, which seems to be in
exhaustible. It is said that ten thousand
pounds cun bo tuken out from a single shaft
in a day. A furnuce for smelling is now in
course of construction.
As Affi.ictf.d Husband. A bereaved
husbund, standing at the grave of his deceas
ed wife, "refused to be comforted," said to a
friend as he tnrued towards him and laid his
head on his shoulder, "I've lost horses, and
I've lost cows, and I've lost likely calves and
shouts, but 1 never bad anything to cut me
liks.this." Wasn't that an afflicted mourner?
'li bs reminds us of a scene wo once wit
nessed iu a country store in one of the oldest
settled districts in Western Virginia. The
shop-keeper was engaged in waiting upon a
customer, when a sturdy country-born Dutch
mau came in wilh a whip under bis arm aud
said :
"Good morning. Mr. Chones."
"Ah I good morning M r.A ppleback, said
Mr. Jones in reply, "how do you do, and how
is your family ?"
" ell, ve are all veil, cnust now," cepi my
vife, aud she's dead again," unfettered Apple
back. "Indeed," said Mr. Jor.es, "I am very sorry
to heur it. 1 have no doubt you are very
much disturbed on account of yuur loss, but
you must bear it witu lue piiuosopny oi a
Christian.
"Veil, yes," he replied, "that is so besure
I don't kuow much about folosophy but 1 do
know dut I'd sooner haf giv one of my best
horses dan my vife, 'cause she was sir A u fel
ler or u-urrick!" (work.)
Hoc. Cuolkra and Hons. This diseaso is
rapidly increasing. The Madison (lnd.) Cou
rier says it has appeared in thut city, in the
distilleries at Milton, and at Carrol ton,
Kentucky. Large numbers, it is said, have
died at the last named place, and about two
hundred at Milton. 1 he hogs olten die in
hatt an hour after they are attacked. The
Veruon find.) Courier remarks that hun
dreds have recently died of it in that county,
and thnt sulphur ivsslop has beeu found
beutficial
A horrible state of things exists at Spring.
field, III. The inhabitants fear that the town
will shortly be depopulated, as it is reported
thut there are but twelve murriugeublu wo
men in the citv. eleven of whom ure already
engaged ! The Springfield papers are calling
lor ruinlorcetnents.
Skstfkcf.d. John Green and John Wil-
son, recently convicted of burtrlury, and John
Toll, convicted of horse steulinir. in Lancas
ter county, Pa., were on hatnrduy tuken lo
the Eastern Penitentiarr at Cherry Hill, to
serve their sentence of three years incarcera
tion.
A lady informs a Boston editor that hav-
ing a good constitution she can bear a great
deal of happiness. Her idea ol perfect hlis
is a fust horse in a sieign, plenty oi ui u .io
robes and a neat fitting overcoat wilh man iu
it. She added, if that is not happiness, I'm
open to conviction as to w hat it is !
Good Bargain. The Messilla, Valley is
equal in extent to the kingdom or Belgium,
in Europe, yet the United Slates government
purchased it toree years ago lor ien inuiion
of dollars. It may yet contain a ir.illiou and
a half of people. Gold and iron mines are
already discovered among its mountains ; and
iu its valleys grapes are pronnceo equaling in
quulity the grapes from which souie of iho
best wiues ot v ranee are umue. -f
Tobacco Growing is Oreoon. Some of
the farmers in Oregon appear to give much
attention to tobacco. The Sun Francisco
(Cul.) Globe says that some very fine speci
mens of the plant from the farm nf James
Magill. near Oregon City, were recently ex.
hibiled in the office of that paper.
An Intelligent Population. In the town
0r Washington, Vt,. with less than 3U0 voters
440 newspapers ara taksn. .
The young gentleman who went off with an
angel iu book-mrrslin, has returned wilh a ter
Uiajjaat is noopl. .
Donatio Foa i CoUeor. A thousand
i.... r LnH hava been s?iven at Carbondule,
I Illinois' for tho aitaof the first college in that
Ijartof IHioois,koaai "Egypt."
A BONO FOB A FABMEH'S BOY.
O, it fawner's hoy In a Jovial Ud, -
So healthy, bright and fret '
In hit connt ry home he is ever glad. (
O, that Is the home for me )
With a hoop and haw to his lively team,
With tho latk abroad is he ;
With his broad and milk unrobbed of cream ;'
Ofthat is tbe home for me.
In the morning bright lie drives away,
Ere the morning sun we see.
The lowing herd to tho silver stream,
And the pastures green and free.
In the summer timo to the harvest field,
With the cooling drink we see
O, that is the home for me.
When tho autumn winds and sweeping wild,
He is gathering nuts, yon see ;
For a winter store he'll lay them by
For his sister himself and me,
To the orchard then he hies away,
For he knows each favorite tree,
And ho saves the fruit for a coining friend ;
O, that is the home for me.
When tho winter enmes with its driving blast,
Then the furmer's boy's in glee,
For he loves the snow that is fulling fast,
As it's drifting, o'er the Ice.
And he says to himself, to-morrow morn,
With my sled and skates I'll he.
While my cattle aro munching their hoy und
corn ;
O, that ia the horn for me,
if arum's )cp.tmcni
How to Make Good Buttet;
A correspondent of the New England Far
mer furnishes thut paper wilh the following
rules for making good butter :
1. Milk should never be set for butter in a
dark, dump cellar us is ihe case with butter
makers in this section as the cream is there
by moulded before it has had time to rise,
which gives the butler a mouldy taste.
2. The milk is allowed to set too long bo
lore being skimmed, which gives it a cheesy
taste.
'A. The cream is kept too long before it is
churned, after it is skimmed, which gives it
tbe taste of the other two ; and also a sour
taste.
4. Tho butter should never bo washed in
water, because it takes away that beautiful
aroma so essential to good butter.
5. It should never be tuken in a person's
warm hands, as the heat melts a certuin por
tion of tho globulus, which gives it an oily
taste, and makes it become rancid very soon
C. The milk should bo set in good clean tin
orosrlheu pans, in a dry, open, airy und sha
day place, above ground, if possible, although
a cellar may be so built aud ventilated, as to
answer the purpose. It should never set
over twenty-lour hours, in warm weather;
and for a dairy of threo cows and over, the
cream should be churned every morning, and
never be kept over forty.eijht hours, in
warm weather iu cold weather it may be
kept longer.
it should always be about the same bent
that milk is when drawn from the cow, and
churued steadily, mid I have never known it
lo I'uil of coming readily ; (we use cylinder
churn ;) it is then taken from the churn with
a wooden butter ladlo, into a wooden tray
which has been well scalded und cooled in
pure cold water; tho salt is then worked in,
to suit the taste, with tho ladle, which is ea
sily done with a littlu practice, und the but
termilk well woi'kod out ; it is then set away
in u cool place for twenty-four hours, when
it is well worked over uguin, as long as milk
or pickle can be worked out. Buttei niado
in this way, aud put dowu iu stonu pots and
kept from the air, will keep good for a long
tunc.
Potatoes ore more solidly kept In a dark
cellar, well covered over, than perhaps any
where else. Soiuo prefer putting them in tho
open field, where the ground is somewhat ele
vated and dry. leaving nn opening toward the
south, filled iu with straw. We cannot say
which is the better modo : but wo can say that
many fanners do not adopt the best mode,
judging from the appearance of their potatoes
in April, May and Juno. Barn cellars not
the cellars of the dwelling ure the places for
storing them when the exposed pit is rejected.
Here they will be less disturbed though even
should there bo room in iho cellars of the
house. For family use. not more than n bu
shel at a time should be token out, and thee
should be kept covered in a cask When '.he
bin is disturbed every timo a few potatoes ure
needed in the family, it is frequently left ex
posed, to the ilanuigo of the tuber.
How to Kkef Fat Stock Good hay is
not only the basis of fattening, if yon feed in
winter, but all you need for wintering stock
which is in cood order in tlm full. A skillful
farmer can make healthy cattle grow all win
ter by taxing his ingenuity to see how much
good hay he can manage to get them to eat,
anil this is tho great secret in keeping slock.
Ha who attempts the experiment, as very
ninnv do, of trying to winter cattle on the
least possible quantity of liny, will find him
self in the end in very much the condition of
the economist who tried to see with h jw little
salt he could winter his pork. When warm
weather ciiine, to his great aatonishnieut, he
hud not only lost his salt but his pork.
To Photect DntED Fruits. II fruit is put
into good linen or cotton bags, and tied up
lightly immediately afier drying, aud baked a
couble of times daring ibe season, by putting
the bugs on a board in tho oven moderately
warm, keeping tbein in a dark closet in the
meantime, the worms will not disturb them.
Another excellent way to protect them from
worms, is to procme empty liquor burrcls nnd
pack them in. ofter drying iu tho fall, aud cov
er them up tia,ht. or put them in other bar
rels, and add a little wuisstfy or oiatiuy as jou
fill them up.
'
A uofT Bkes. A Bwarm of bees in tbsir
natural state contains from 10,000 to 20.000
Nif the insects, while in hives they number
I'roin 30.000 to 40,000. Iu square loot or
honey-comb there ara about 9.000 cells. A
queen bee lays her egg, for fifty or sixty con
secutive days, luying about ;00 dufly. It
takes three days to hatch each egg. In one
season a single queen bee hatches about 10(1,
000 bees. It takes S.000 bees to weigh a
pound.
Standard Weioht or Grain. The Legis
laturaof North Carolina has passed a law
regululing the weight of grain, under which
wheat must weigh 60 pounds to the bushel,
com 64, rvo 66, rice 44, buckwheat 60. barley
4fl, oats' 35,- flai'ses, 65. peas 60, covo inesf.
16
llfdpcSs
i . '.. .' .r.-l.T 1 .
Pancakes. Beat Op' threo eggs and J
3 u art of milk r fnakn it tYp inio a batter with
oar, a little fait, a spoonful of ground gin'
ger, and a little grated fefnon peel t let it be
of a fine thickness affl pT-rfef tly smooth.
Clean your' frylngpan thoroughly, and put
into it a good "lump of dripping or butter f
when it is hot pour in a cupful of batter and
let it run all Over of an equal thickness f
shake tho pan frequently thnt the batter may
not sficR, snd when you think it Is done art
One side, tOBs it over r' if yon cannoi, turn it
with n slice ; and when both sides are of it
nice light brown, lav it on a dish before the
fire strew siigarover it. and so do the rest
They should be ealoh directly, of they will
become heavy.
Fruit Fiutters. Matte a batter of floor,
milk, and eirgs. of whatever richness voul
desire; stif into it either raspberries, rur-
runt.i, or any other truit. ! ry in hot lard
the same as pancakes.
A pti.k Fritters. Make batter as above,
only thicker; pare apples; cut them irt
qnarters, and core thorn ; then take up a
quarter of apple, with some batter, nnd fry
them on both Sides, in hot fat, tho satno as
pancakes.
Welch Rabbit. Cut n pound of ciieese id
sliffra quarter of on inch thick, iut a pieco
of butter the sir.e of an egg in a small frying
fian, lay in the cheese about five minutes
et it cook, add two eggs, well beaten, a
desert spoon of mixed mustard pepper, and.
suit; stir it up; have reudy some slices of
buttered toast, turn the cheese over it, aud
send it to the table, very hot.
Douiinsrrs. 1'wo teacnpfals ef sugar1,
two teacupfuls of milk, ofie teacnpftil of
lard, two eggs, one gill of ycn.t ; add spice
to your state : add flour to knead a:id mako
t hem soft ; let (hem get well raised and light
before boiling.
Indian PcntnN"0. Tnko eight table Spoon
fuls of fine Indian meal; pour into it ono
quart of boiling milk, with six eggs, ono
nutmeg, nnd six ounces of butter. Buke
this quantity in threo common sized dishes.
Di tch Pitfet, (for ten.) one pint of milk;
three eggs ; one cup of butter ; a teaspoon
of saleratus ; flour enough to make a spoor!
stund in it ; half a cup of brewers' yeast;
This is better than sally lunn.
CiT
AQUA FORTtS OPERATING
ON
OLl JOE.
In tbe pretty villa(;oof 11 aililonfield, N. J.,
some years ago there resided an old fellow
who wus faniilliarly known to the town and
country round as "Old Joe." ho had no par
ticular occupation, except doing "chores" or"
errands nor any particular location. Ho
ate where he could get a bite, and slept where
he could find a lodging place. Joe was a re
gular old toper, aud Jersey lightning had nri
more e fleet ou his insides than so much water
Ho generally made his head quarters at tho
lower tavern, for thcro wero two in town.
He would sleep end doza away the afternoon
on au Old bench iu one corner of the bar room
but was always awake when there was uny
drinking going on. Wheu ho was not asked
to drink lie would slip to the bar, and drain
the glasses of the few drops loft in them.
One afternoon, Dr. Bolus, the village physi
cian, was in tho taveru, mixing up a prepara
tion. He placed a tumbler hall lull of ajta
fortis on the 'our, and turned around to mix
some other ingredients. A lew moments nt
terwards ho hud occasion to use the poison
ous drug, when Iiq found to his dismay, that
the tumbler had been druint-d to the last
drop.
"Mr. Wigfjins," exclaimed the Doctor in
affright to tho landlord, "Whut bus become
of tho aiunortis 1 put on tbo bar a fuw mo
ments ago?
"1 don't knot?," replied the landlord, "un
less Did Joe slipped iu und drank it."
In this suspicion they were both soon con
firmed, for the hostler suit! he hud seen Old
Joo lake the fatal draught. The Doctor
knowing that he must certainly die, after
such a doseiuslituted a starch ut once. Af
ier some hours spent in looking through the
barns, out-bousss and wood, lor three or four
miles urouud the villuge, he was abandoned
to his fate; It was u cold Light, and us the
village topers assembled around tlm blazing
hickory tire of tbe bur room, nothing wus
thought of or talked on but the unfortunate
end of poor Old Joe. Some four or five days
having elapsed and nothing having been
heard from Old Joe, they oil catno to the con
clusion tlmt he was a goner. Tho Doctor,
about thU time, hud to visit a patient some
eight miles distant; wbut was his surprise
when ubout hve nines distant irom, ilie vil
lage, to see Old Joe in trout of a farmer's
house,-splitting wood.
Why Joe," said the Doctor, riding up to'
the fence, "I thought you were dead uud bu
ried before this."
"Why, what made yoa think thnt, Doctorf
said Joe, leaning nn bis axe handle.
"Didn't you drink that duse 1 left 00 old
Wiggius' bar, a few days since."
"Yes;" replied Joe, half ashamed to 6wd
it.
"Do yoa krsow what it was ?" asked thef
Doctor.
"No." returned Joo.
"Why. it was aqua-fortis ouoagli to kill a
dozen meo."
"Well, now Doctor, da you know thut 1
thought there was something queer about
thut darned stud, for after 1 drank it, errry
time I I'h'irrd ihv note J burned a hole in tuy
jiocket-kitiidkcrt-liir.
Hero is a good joke told of a western yonth
who found himself in New Yoik surrouuded
by a bey of fair damsels, who tried to sell
him. "Do tho ladies pluy music at the West,
sir ?'' asked one of them, with a simper. The
Western original saw the game, aud resolved
to viiu. "O, universally, Miss," was the cool
reply, "Indeed. I was not aware of that;
pray' do they us the piano, mostly!" Nev
er, Miss the instrument that we have Oat
our wey is the Swinttte, and the girls ull play
it""0,'dear! I am sure, positively, lhat I
nevor beard of that beforedo tell what it is,
and how they play." "Well, the instrument,
is a pig, and each takes one of these aftde ber
arm and chews tbe end of its long tail, ami
that brings the mudic !" Ths preconcerted1
"comu" made no further progress ; and for the)
bulucce of the evening Vy ester "greea" wai
the lion of the show. V
Tbe young lady who caOght a gentleroaa't
ere ba ret iruoi it, bca.ia it al a we
! (top.
iu it.