-fy?r-y-.iui',ir,''" n
ERICAN.
II. B. MASSER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE, MARKET STREET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE;
SMBUEY
AM
j
SI jramHa ilcvuspajjcr-Dcliotrli to 4Jol(t(ts, aftcr.iturr, ittornKtjj, jfctclan ano DomcsUc Slctos, Science ano the arts, CTorlculturr, Xttartiets, eUttUsrmcntsTci
NliW SKUIKS VOL. 4, NO. 99. SUM1IJKY, XOK t il U.M nr.lM.AM) COLMV. 1 A., BA'I LliDAY, OUTOIiKIl II. 1831. OLD SKRIKS VOL. fl, NO.
" ' 1 iiiiaSriiisisMian
TERMS OP THE AMEilluAN.
TIIK AMKltirAN in pnlili.iieil every SMuril.iy at
TWO DOLL. MIS per miiiiuiii In tie nil half yearly in
advance. N a itatier i;ic iitiiiant uatii all nri'cauiKs are
aid.
All cmnnuiiiicti"in or le isr 01. jnsmew mating In
11106, to insure altl'MMiltl, ll;nl ! l'uscr PAID.
'! ll l 1 L I..-'
Tare, ena.e. In i:,t i.i;i':i-"- ?3(0
eV.II . IJ III nil
FiftMU JJ . in ''(i0
Piv. iliillir. in i'.c v,. vv.:: ;ir; '.' ,rs, I .ill
Mripiiim L liie A'n.-ii.-.n.
On. Satiate nf la linv-.. 3 !iii.t-it
ttrery MtsequcM iiwaleu,
Oltc Square, 3 Mi'itlllix,
Mix miiuiiIih,
ne year,
u.iiicM Cnr,t. nf Five lines. per niinnin,
Merrlinic.a anil ntlierit. nit.-crtisina liy tin.
yeur. wuli tlie 'tvilc,e ol' inserting
MfiTPllt .dl'iMti.lliniLN weekly.
t) ''0
3mi
4'J
(I'll
3(10
10 (HI
Or urgei Atlv.Tlj?iu:ils, a. per agreeme ill.
A TTUII A I) V AT LAW,
SUNBUHY, PA.
Business ntiended loin the Counties of Nor
th umbo land, Lniou, Lycoming auJ Columbia.
Ilrfrr 1.1
r. c A. Knv.nnlt,
Lower A Hurrnn,
isomers & Sniidirruss, Pintail.
Reynolds, M cFiirland & Co.,
Sjicring, Good A; Co.,
NEW STORE AT HOLLOWING HUN.
At tht Cross Rnmh, irnr J. D. Conrads,
Lower A'lvufta.
J. II. KAIWMAX
r KsPR( 1TL LLY informs his friends and
llie public generally, that lie has just receiv
ed and opened a new stock of rooiUt which he
li.w oilers fur Kale on the moKt reasonable tt-rins.
Hi stock consists in part of
MX'H AS
Cloths, Cnsslmercs, Satlinetts, Merinos, i-f.
runnner wear of all kind Muslins, Calicoes,
(iinghums. Checks, &c.
ALSO :
An .sortim-iit of llarilu.irc of all kinds, most
Hi'iiiTiilly in use.
ALSO:
(iroccrlcs of all Kinds,
At Snart Coffft, Tea, Miluascs, Spirits, lec.
AIX): (Jwci-imwarc uud Crockery ware, a
full assortment.
Also Silk Jlats, ChiJ H:its, nud Straw Ituta.
ALSO : A n nsso.tinriit of Liijuors, vii :
Ijuandv. Wink, Wiiiskkv, &o.
nenidrs a ariety nf other iirtich's, inost gener
ally used and in want I'v 1'irioers and other ier
aonn, nil of v liich he will sell to iuri-hascra at a
savin: of ten ier cent, hv i ullins on him.
All kinds of produce taken in cxi-hange for
R.nils at the highest market prii e.
Hollowing Kim, . jii.il yii. 1M5I. tf.
fcPRlNG AND BUMMER CLOTHING.
IVEHVHOHi slionld einliraee this oiiportu
nity to I-uy CLOI Iil.Ni; for Men, V.nilh
and liovs. at such prices ns have neer jet lieeu
Unawii'm this 'itv. at (n'.Oiif.'K CI.'LIX'S
i'LOI'Ill.Xtt Ks'l'A HI. Is KM KV! Souih-Kast
Comer of Market and Second Streets, Philadel
phia, unlirai ini; a rlioii.c nf ihe hest, most denira
ble, ami I'ashiiinalile
DRESS AND FROCK! COATS,
Haliit Cloth do.. Linen l.riliinn ilo Tweeds,
Ac, &.e., together with a (Treat variety of
LVS ClilhU'.,
Coni.is!lii'I (if Sai ( n :ls, I n.k:l J ic ...Is, ii.oll-
key Jackets, Vests mid lloiuid Jackets made of
Tweed. Linen llri'.liiiii. Cloth, Alpaee-i. Kfc:s.i
mier. Doeskin, & e., eie.
railii ular care has l i en I il:en ti procure the
new stvVs for Men nnd Hovs' Siinimr." Coats.
I'uiitalooiis. Ve-ts, Aic, to which he would invite
special nlteiilion.
Fill liisl.H'!'; 1mk1s.
Consisiina of!
!! of w ! v h :
ult l lic a
fM-).e ::, 1'ia i"
)':. ' .
I '.ll. I
H.h.r.
-1 bis :: i- ':
r eh'et's Ac;
he. '.olliiiitf
: , are ear-
Alk,.';. ;
p.,! f.-!i -.t .
her- t'.ie ;,? I
i y l:;e sii. s. ri
J .Miii-o's Con
e iiilainlo? the
;lti, and to
I ol : .tf
rlensed IVnnsyi . am i Ket-i. .-.
lust three volumes 1 1 c.'li'.-' 1
first volumes el Ll
tune ol An. i n. cm.
' 's i The lirsl vol
inin Dallas' l!i porls, 4 vol-
Bines; nnd Wales' l.'r.nlts. volume 1, is also on
hand, nnd ir sale. The uluve two volumes are
complete within themselves, and contain all of
Dallas' Keports, 4 volumes, and all of YcatiV
Reports, 4 volumes. In side, llie two first volumes
of Ui'nney's Keporls. The third volume is ready
and will he put to press imuiediutelv.
IL 11. MASSLK, Agent.
Sunlniry, Aej. 10, 1861.
NAOTai HOTEL,
SIIAMOKIN,
Northumberland County, Pa.
TIf Uiutiscrilii'r resjieclfully informs his friends
and the puhlic generally, that he has nH'ii
ail a new Hotel in the town of Shainokin, Nor
thuinlierlaiHt county, on tut corner of Sh.imokiii
and Commerce streets, nearly oppovie to the
House he formerly kept. He i well prepared to
accommodate his guests, and is also provided
with good stahling. lie triwt his experience,
and strict attention to business, will induce s?r
toiis visiting the cons region to continue the lib
eral patronage lie lia heretofore receiveiL
WILLIAM WEAVE'K.
Shamokms April 19, 1850-tf.
JAMES II. MAGKU
HAH removed from his old bland, So. 118
Vine street, to
JTo. 53 DMwyn St., (beCn Cttl'hill !f tt'illovt,)
where he has constantly on hand,-
BROWN STOUT, PORTER
Ale and CTderv
roa HOME CONSUMPTION OR SHIPPING.
y, D. Coloring, Bottling, Wire and Bottles,
Vinegar, Ac For sale as aliove.
yhiladeluhia, April IS, 1851.-1 y.
lycoming' Mutual Insurance Company.
D1W. U. MASSER ia the local agent for the
above Insurance Company, in Northumber
land county, and ia at all time ready to slice t
Insurance, against fire on real of personal pro
perty, or renewing policies for the same.
Sunbury, April 26, 1851. tf.
JUSTICES' FEE WLLS. For aula by
11. B. MASSER
ftnnbury, April 1851
select poetry.
Frotn t)m IviiHtnu Punch.
Last Appendix to Yankee Doodle.
Ynnke Doodle 5ent to town
Ilia uonil for pxliibiiiun ;
Evfryboily ran lum ilnwn,
A'hI laoiiliPil at his pnpilion
Th" thuiuht I: i hi all llio woilil behind;
A im:u', m t; II ci r noodle;
Liu uh :i, yooil pi-ciph' nt"v!r n.iinl
S.ijs (piii'l Viinkei! D.iihIIc.
Chorus Vankee Doodle, &.C.
Vnnkee Doodle h:ul n craft,
A ratlior tidy clipper,
Ami he rlialleiiired while' tln-y laugluul,
Th Britishers In w hip her.
Their whole! yacht s'y.uulion hn outped,
And lh.it mi llieir own wnlur;
Of all llio lot slm went iihi ad,
Ami they caiiic iiow hern nrtrr.
Choius Yankee Djodlc. &c.
OVr Pa n a inn there vviia a ceh, :ue
Lnns talked of, in puisne a
Slioit rniiie Hhi.-li many thought a dream
liy Lake Niearanua.
John Hull discussed ihe plan on foot,
Willi alow iiTi'suluiicin,
While Yankee Doodle Vent anil put
il into f eiitiiui.
Chorus Yankee Doodle, &c.
A atenmT (if th Collins line,
A Yankoe Dunlin's notion,
He also quickest cut the brine,
Aeios llie Atlantic Ocean ;
And Hritisli agents, noways slow
Her merits to discover,
Have been nud bronolit her just to tow
The Cunard packets over.
Chorus Yankee Doodle, &c.
Your gunsmiths of their skill may crack,
lint that nouin don't mention ;
I plies that CollTsi levolvers whaek
Their very first invention.
By Yankee Doodle, ton, you're beat
Diiwnriplit in agriculture.
Willi his machine for reaping wheat,
Chaw'd up as by a vnhnie.
Choius Yankee Doodle, &c.
Yon also fancied in ynnr pride,
Which tiulv is tai uai ion,
Them BiitLsh locks of yours defied
The iriiriiesuf all creation;
But Clmblis' and U. amah's Hulibs lias
piek'd,
And you nmst now be vievv'd all,
As havino been completely lick'd
By yl'iiiiins Y i kee Diodle
Clioiu- V r kee D iodle, &c.
historical Skctcl).
THE LAST. DAYS OF COPERNICUS.
A TUVE HISTORY.
It was a still, clear night in the month
of May, 1513; the stars shone biightly in
Ihe heavens, and all the world slept in the
little town of Wernica, a canonrv of Prus
sian Poland all save one man, who watch
ed alone in a solitary chamber at the sum
mit of a lofiy tower. The only furniture
of this apartment consisted of a table, a
lew biuk-', and an iron lamp. Its occu
pant was an old nun ol anout seventy,
howed down by years nud toil, and his
mow furrowed by anxious thoughts; but
bis eye kindled wi:b Ihe lire ol genius, and
bis tuilile countenance was expressive of
iitle kindness, and ol a calm, contempla
tive disposition. His white hair, parted on
his forehead, f, in waving locks over his
.siiniildi-rs. He wore the ecclesiastical cos
it. me ol ;lie age and country in which he
lived the hitu;; strniglit robe, with a fur
cottar jn.i double sieevis, which were also
lined with U:r as bir as the elbow.
Tii- ul.l man w as Ihe gr. at astronomer,
Mil' u.i.. Cup i';. i. us, doctor uf philosophy,
i.i .i: ., ..ml in. (In ine, titular cann'i of
iVii im .i, ,i:id honorary professor ol IJolog
:.a, r.iiio', fc. Copernicus had just com
pleted his Work ' Oil Ihe Kevo!l(lioll3 of llie
II avenly Bodies." In the midst of pov
erty, ridicule ami persecution, without any
other support than that of his own modest
genius, or anv instrument save a' triangle
ol wo. id, he bad unveiled heaven to earth,
and was now approaching the term of his
career just as he had established on a firm
basis tliogi' discoveries which were destrned
to change the whole face of astronomical
sciences.
On that verv day the canon of Wernica
had received Ihe last proof-sheets of his
book, which his disciple Rheticns was gel
ling printed at Nuremberg; and, belore
sending hack these final prools, he wished
to verily for (lie last time the results of his
discoveries. I leaven seemed to have sent
him a niaht expres ly fitted for the pur
prrse, and he passed the whole of it in his
observatoiy. When the astronomer saw
the stars beginning to pale in the rasb rn
sky, lie took the triangular instrument,
which he had constructed wilh his own
hands out of three did", rent pieces of wood,
and directed it successively towards the
four cardinal points ol the horizon. No
shadow of a doubt remained ; and over
powered by the conviction that he had
indeed destroyed en error of five thousand
years' duration,- and was about to reveal to
the world an imperishable truth; Coperni
cus knelt hi the presence of that glorious
volume whose starry characters he had
first learned to deciplur, and folding his
auennweu nanus across his bosom, thanked
his-C'reator for havmg opened his eves to
understand and read aright' these, His glo
rious works. He then returned to the ta
ble, and seizing a pen he wrote on the title
page of his book "Behold the work of the
greatest and most perfect Artisan: the
work of God himself." And now, the first
excitement liatin passed away, he pro
ceeded wilh a co'lected mind to write the
dedication of his bonk :
"To Ihe Most Holy Father, Pope Paul
III: I dedicate my work to your Holiness,
in order Ibat all lb world, whether learn
ed or ignorant, may see that I do not seek
to shun examination and the judgment of
my superiors. Your authority, and your
love for science io general, and for matbe-
matics in particular, will nerve bi shieM t-t rikinr lliat he direclly recoirniscd him
nienjraii.st wicked amf -malrrtous danders, self, and piusod, slnpi (led with astonish
ii'it witlist jtidiii the proverb which says nient. Dehind the Merry Andrew, whose
that there is no remedy against the wounds
milicted hy the tonjrue ol calumny, .c.
' "Nicholas ("orrnNici's, of Thorn."
Svion the first dawn of day caused the
lump of the astronomer to hum more dim
ly ; he leant his forehead upon the table,
and, overcome with fatigue, sank into a
peaceful slumber. After sixty years of la
bor, he, in truth, needed repose. Hut his
present repose, at all events, was not des
tined to be ol long duration ; it wasabrid r
ed by the entrance of an asfed servant, who
with &lov and heavy step, ascended the
tower stairs.
"Master," said he to the canon, as he
gently touched him upon the shoulder,
"the messenger who arrived yesterday Irotn
Rheiicns is ready to set out on his return,
and i waiting for your proof sheets and
letters."
The astronomer rose, made tip the pack
et, which he duly sealed, and then sank
back upon his chair as if wearied by the
effort.
"But that is not all," continued the ser
vant ; "there are ten poor, sick people in
the house waiting for yon; and, besides,
you are wanted at Frauenberji to look after
the water machine, which has stopped
working, and also to see the three work
men who broke their legs in trying to set
it going again."
"Poor creatures!" exclaimed Coperni
cus; "let my horse be saddled direclly."
And with a resolute effort shaking off the
sleep which weighed down his eyelids, the
good man hastily descended the stairs of
the tower.
The house of Copernicus was, in out
ward appearance, one of the most unpre
tending in Wernica. It was composed of
a laboratory, in which he prepared medi-
cine for the poor; a little studio, in which friends within the building, and we never
Ibis man of genius, skilled in ait as well ns , quit "tir posts, either day or night, euard
science, painted his own likeness or those j ins the entrance, and keepina watch over
of his friends, or traced his reco lections of j 'he workmen. The printers perform their
Rome or Bologna; and lastly, of a small ' wrW with one hand, whilst they hold a
parlor on the ground floor, which was I P's,l in the other. If we can stand our
open for all who came t ) him for reme- suard lor two days, Ihe book issavpd; for,
dies, for money, or for food. Over the h't only ten copies be struck olF, and noth
door an oval aperture had been cut, through '"2 will any longer he able to destroy it.
which a rav of the mid-dav sun dailv nen- i B"'t if eitlu r to-dav nr to-morrow our enr-
etrated, and, resting upon a certain point
in the adjoining room, marked the hour of
noon. This was the astronomical frnnmon
of Copernicus ; and the only ornament the
room contained were some verses written
by his own hand, and pasted up over the
chimney piece.
It was in this pal lor that the good canon
found room to tend invalids who had come
to claim his assistance ; dressed the wounds
ol some, administered remedies to others,
and oa all bestowed alms and words of
kindness and consolation. Having com
pleted his labors, he hastily swallowed a
draught of milk, and was about to set out
to Frauenberg, when a horseman, gallop
ing up to the door, handed him a letter.
lie trembled as he recognized the hand
writing ol his friend (ivsius, Bishop of
Culm. ' "Mav Clod have pity on us," wrote
this letter, "an I avert the blow which imw
threatens thee ! Thy enemies and thy ri
vals combined those who accuse thee of
lolly, and those w ho In-at Ihee as a heretic
have been so successful in exciting
against thee the minds of the people of
Nuremberg, that men curse thy name in
the streets ; the priests excommunicate thee
from their pulpits; and the University,
hearing that thy book was to appear, has
decljr. d its intention to break the printing
press of the publisher, and to destroy (he
work to which thy life has been devoted.
Come and lay the storm ; but come (prick
ly, or thou wilt be too late."
Before Copernicus had finished the peru
sil ol this letter, he fell back voieoe.-s and
powerless into the arms of his faithful ser
vant, and it was some moments before he
rallied. When he again looked up, Ihe
horseman who had been charged to escort
him back asked him how soon he would
wish to set out.
"I must set out direclly," replied the
old man, in a lesigned tone ; "but not for
Nnrenburg or for Culm ; the suffering work
men at Frauenberg are expecting me ; they
may perhaps die if I do not go to Iheii as
sistance. My enemies may perhaps des
troy my woik; they cannot s'op.the stars
in Iheif course."
An hour later, Copernicus was at Frau
enberg. The machine which he had be
stowed upon the town, which was built on
the summit of a hill, conveyed thither the
waters of Ihe river Bouda, situated at the
distance of half a league in the valley be
low. The inhabitants, instead of suffering
like their fathers, from conlrinted drought,
had now only to turn a valve, and the
plenteous stream flowed into their houses
in rich abundance.
This machine had got out of order the
preceding day, and the accident had ha
pened very inopportunely, becabse this
was the festival of the patron saint of Frau
enberg. But at the first glance the canon
saw where the evil lay, and in a few hours
the water flowed freely into the town.
His fust cares, we need not say, had been
directed to the unhappy man who had re
ceived injuries whilst working in Ihe slui
ces ; he gel their fractured limbs, and
bound them up with his own hands; then
commending them to the care of an attend
ant, he promised to return and visit them
on the morrow. But a blow was about to
descend upon himself, which was destined
to crush him to the earth.
As. he crossed the square, whilst passing
through the towu on his return home, he
perceived among a crowd a company of
strolling players acting upon a temporary
stage. The theatre represented ao astro
nomical observatory, filled with alt kinds
ot . ridiculous instruments-in the midst
stood an old man, whose dress and bearing
were in the enact imitation ot those of
Copernicus. The resemblance was so
business it was to hold up the great man to
public derision, there stood a personage
whose burns and cloven loot destinatei.
Satan, and who caused the psuedo Coper
nicus to act and speak, as though he bad
been an automaton, by means of two slrinsrs
fastened to his eats which Were no olher
than asses' ears, of considerable dimensions.
The parody was composed of several
scenes. In the first, the astronomer cave
himself to Satan, burnt a copv ol (he Ilible,
and trampled a crucilW under foot. In the
second, he explained, hy jtiffifling with ap
ples in guise ol planels, whilst his head
was transformed into a likeness of the sun
li)- means of torches uf rosin. In the third,
he became a charlatan, a vender of poma
tum and quack medicine he spoke dog
Latin to the passers by ; sold them water,
which he had drawn from his own well,
at an exorbitant price ; and became intoxi
cated himself with excellent wine, in such
copious draughts nf which he did indulire,
that he finally disappeared under the table.
In the fourth and closing? nets he was again
dragged forth to view as one accursed by
(iod and man ; and the Devil, dragging
him down to the infernal regions amidst a
cloud of sulphurous smoke, declaring his
intention to punish him for having caused
the earth to turn on its axis, hy condem
ning him to remain wilh his head down
wards throughout iternity.
On the day succeedinrr his visit to Frau
rnberj, a letter from Rheticns confirmed
the sinister predictions of the Bishop of
Culm. Thrice had the students of the
University made an attempt to invade the
printing office whence thi truth was about
to issue forth. "Even this very mornin?,"
wrote his friend "a set of madmen tried to
set fire to it. I have assembled all of our
mies should succeed in gaining the upper
hand" Rheticns left the sentence unfinish
ed, hut Copernicus supplied the want he
knew how much depended upon (his mo
ment. On the third day another messen
ger made his appearance, ami he, too, was
Ihe bearer of evil tidings: "A compositor,
gained over by our enemies, has delivered
into their hands Ihe manuscript of Ihe
book, and it has been burnt in the public,
square. Happily the impression was com
plete, and we are now putting it into press.
Hut a popular tumult might yet ruin all."
When Copernicus thus beheld the trea
sured discoveries of his whole lib' held up
to the (b iision of an L'norant multitude,
his enlighted laitli bianibd ns impiety, and
bis self denying beiievuli'iice lidiculed as
the quackery ol a charlatan, bis no'.de
spirit was at first utterly overwhelmed, and
the most . at'lid doiilils ol himself, of man
kind, and even of Providence ilsell, rushed
upon his mill I. At first he hoped that the ;
Fratieiibergiiins, the children of his adop- '
lion, to whose con.f.rt and happiness be
had devoted himself for filly years, w udd
cut short the disgraceful scene. But alas 1 j
he saw his defa.'iii rs Welcomed with ap-!
planse by loose on w horn be bad conferred
so many benefits. The trial was too much i
for his tailing strength; and worn out by j
the emnlion and fatigue of the preceding'
night, and by the labors ol Ihe morning, he :
sunk, I'xhaiisti d, lo the ground. Then, for '
the first time, did the ungrateful multitude'
recognise lie ir benefactor; the name of I
Copernicus (lew from lip t.j lip lliev ,
heard that he hud come thai very morning ,
to the town lo relieve their distress in a
moment the current ol popular leeling was -pi,,, ,,if, js (u, ii g to the combined ac-
turned, the towd nipeiM-d ihe actors, and j jim (lf ,n wihl .lMll ,1,1, U M;,., nn the first
crowded anxiously around the astronomer. of Oot,. ,,,,,,,,,1 . v,..M.u in a Southern
lie had only strength left to call lor a lit- ,. . .. . ,,, .,,;, 1" ..,;', wr.
, ' ,1 . . , 1 , 1 diieclion, which Ibey continued lor ln en
ter, and was conveyed bai K to eriuca in ,. , ,.' ., , :i
,' . . , 1, V I. inordinary peii.ilol tone inonlhs, and until
a dying stale. lie lingered, however, s'.ld . t , ,. . ..
for five days days ol I11.1I and auxi. t y i "'
dutitvr which the'l.imp of genius and faith ''h ion about them foimed one vast plain,
still shed its halo around the dying man. ! but it was subjected lo occasional and pow
Such was the state of suspense it, whkh 'M di.i.ipiin.i. 0,i the Mfi of December
the great Copernicus passed the closing j and 13th of January, the vessels were evpo
days of his exist, nee ! Life was i bliing , sed In cocslaiil dangers, .Mm if lhey had
lust, and the torpor ot death had already been l.oger, or less candidly guarded wilh
begun to steal over his families, when a j double sides nnd heavy braces, Iheir destruc
horseman galloped up to Ihe door in breath- ,jim wnuK l,,,vrt been inevitable. The dis
less haste, and springing from his horse, , ,,.,:.. ...... accompanied wilh n noise, de-
hastened into the house of the dying as-
tronomer.
A volume, whose leaves wele
biiii (tamo, was iieusmeu 111 ins uusoui , 11
.:i a...
was treasured in his bosom v il
. .... it ' PIIISUIIOII Ol HIH III, tllCHIII I.UIVW Villi. lU'l'
was the cff-d'-ci'iirre ol I opernicus ; this 1 ;, '.
messenger was the bode of victory. j w """"""' "''"'"'' . .
The spatk of life, so nearly Exhausted, I The drift was frequently ul the rate of lei,
seemed to be rekindled fur a moment in llie ! miles per hour, nnd occasionally the vessel
breast ot ihe dying man ; he raised him-'j would be can ied near lo bold and rocky pro
self in his dying bed, grasped llie hoi k , montoiies, from w hich there was much dan.
wilh his feeble hand, glunciug ut its con- ( ger Ficquenlly when Ine Vessel was in
tents With his dim expiring eye, A entile j p,,,; every knapsack was filled w illi food,
lighted up his features, the book fell from wi.i, wilu.i, m rineat upon the ice, in case
his grasp, and clasping h'.s hands' together, ; (jf i;-u .i,,,,;,,,, r ,) vessels. During the
he exclaimed.Lord, let thy servant de- I ,.i;,l)v.,)lul 4,iiy, f lis hadous lime, ihe
Odl I III e Uir . tai in , 11.111 110 ui 11 1 1 u 1
these Wji Js, before his spirit fled from earth,
lo return to me uoa wno gave it. it was
the morning of the 23d of May heaven
was still lighted with stars the earth was
fragrant with flowers all nature seemed
to sympathize wilh the great revealer ol
her laws and soon the sun, rising above
the horizon, shed its earliest and purest ray
upon the still, cold brow ot the departed,
and seemed in his turn to say, "The King
of Creation gives the kiss of peace, (or thou
hast been the first to replace him on his
throne."
Persecution followed Copernicus even in
the grave. The court of Rome replied to
his dedication by condemning his book;
but the book wss the instrument of his own
revenge by enlightening the court of Rome
herself,, which at last recognised, although
too late, the faith and the genius of the as
tronomer of Wernica. Prussia, wilh the
ingratitude of a compieror, has converted
the observatory ol Copernicus into a pris
on, and is now allowing his dwelling house
!" crumble into ruins. But Poland, his
native land, has collected some of her last
oholrs, to raise a monument to his memory
at Cracow, and to erect a statue of him in
Warsaw.
Tllli ARCTIC I XPLDITIOIMS.
Interesting letter from Laity Frnnkliu.
The follow ini, from the Journal of Com
merce, is Ihe most iuterestinp; of nil ihe le
pnrts of the cruize of (ho American expedi
tion to the Arctic Seas :
Sir John Fiianki.in. This intrepid navi
gator, if nlive, will soon enter upon his
seventh winter in the polar seas. The Ad
vance, one of Ihe vessels fitted out from this
port lo lescue him nud his allunl comrades
from their peiils, reached our baibor yester
day morning, and now lies nt the Navy Yard
in good condition, having lost only her bul
warks and part of her false keel, in her long
and hazardous voyage. The Itescuc, from
w hich she parted in a i;a!o on the 13th o1
September, is expected soon. The expedi
tion was nnsuccesslul in ihe humane and no
ble object for which it was sel on foot, but
the generons-hrarted officeis w ho went out
in the Advance still entertain hopes of Ihe
safely of the missing vessels, and trust that
the beneficent exeilions still in progress for
their safely may be crowned with success.
We have learned from them, that there is
abundant material in food nnd fuel, in the
region in which Sir John Franklin is suppo
sed to be, for the sustenance of his party.
It is found in the game which emigrate to
the Arctic suas, nnd in the seal and olher
marine mammalia found there the latter lur
iiisbing until food and fuel. .
Although the expedition has nut been suc
cessful in the object for which il sailed, the
i lforl is creditable to the humanity of the
age, and should be continued until nil hope
is extinguished. To nur fellow citizen, Mr.
Henry Grinnell, a large debt of gratitude is
due, for his noble and well planned ende.i
vois. The two vessels, the Advance and
the Rescue, alter Icing prepaied wilh great
skill to resist the pressure of llie ice, set sail
from this port under ihe command of Lieut.
De Haven, on llie 23.1 of May, 1850, with
orders lo return to ibis port during this Fall.
They were well fitted nnd equipped, and
after sailing along the Greenland coast, and
up Harrow's Straits, reached the rigion of
Arctic, discoveiy in the month of August,
IS.'O. They found at I'.eccby Island or its
vicinity, liaces of Sir John Fianklin, for it
was here that three of his men had been bu
ried, but nothing was ascertained lo indicate
the direction he look fiom that point, in
search of the Northwest passage. An at
tempi was made by Lieutenant De Haven to
teach the open sea, w hieh is supposed to ex
ist ut the extreme Nmlh, but it was unsuc
cessful The vessels of Ibis expedition were
w Mhm "bunt seven him.lre.l nn.es ot tno
supposed position of the Iviteiprise and the
I. ivesiigator, the two vessels which entered
into the same seas on the opposite side of
,is Continent, thronijh the stiaits between
ji ;,,,d Asia.
T , .,rprn!l(.h nf jtl,r forced ihe
s ;n;ttl inn lo seek for winter qnuarleis, and
they attempted In do so : bill ibo ice. gradu
ally fie-med iiionnd them when off" Wellinlon
Cha i I, and en the 13:h Sept. 1850, ibey
were con plelely fastened in. The vessels
then commenced what was wholly unexpec
ted, a hoi t hern diifl, nnd reached by first of
October the ll ll latitude of 15,23, llie
hi"best latitude ever attained in that meiidi-
fe ()(r,c(1,s ui resi.nibling a Loco.
motive whistle; nnd a singular nnd constant
, . c . , . ,,.,,
sun did not lise, and there wa total dark-
ywss, except ut mid-day, when, for a few
muinenis, a paper could be read if held up
lowards tho faint lighl lhal proceeded from
the south. In Febrnaiy of this year, lhey
were blessed wilh a relurn of daylight, which
enabled Iheir sick to take exercise upon the
ice. Il was then ascertained that they were
ninety miles from land, and Ihut the ice in
which the vessels lay imbedded appeared to
be stationary, although from astronomical
observations its motion was known. On the
lOih of June, by a severe explosion of the
ice, the vessels were liberated, and lhey
were once agaiu sailing cheerfully upon Ihe
waters. Sea sickness, however, so long
hid they been fiee from motion soon gen
erally prevailed.
They emerged from their imprisonment in j
latitude 65 30, and immediately proceeded ,
to the Greenland settlements for fresh pro
visions, which were obtained to a limited
extent. They ngain proceeded northward
nlong the Greenland coast, leaving to the
west the masses of floating ice, and penetra
ted again into the tipper regions of Baffin's
Bay. Here a new and far more threatening
difficulty befel them. They were locked tip
in the midst of huge icebergs, which shut
them out completely from a view of the hoii
znn. Some of them were 250 feel high, and
in Ihe light of the sun, (il was now constant
day,) Ihe scene was s,okeu of as extremely
gorgeous. They had now reached the 19lh
of August, and even with nn open sea they
could not have made Lancaster Sound before
the ice would again form, and it was deter
mined thai the expedition should retrace its
steps. They did eo, and soon afterwards
reached our port.
The officers concur in staling that the win
ter of those regions exceeds any cold within
our conception, and lhey were astonished to
find that the steam gnuetated fiom their bo
dies and from cooking became condensed
into water on their bedding nnd froze il to
gether so that it could not easily be separa
ted. The extensive waste of waters between
the coasts of Greenland and America become
cemented together by ice, and all ihe region
including Hudson's Bay, Labrador, uud Ihe
Straits of Belle Isle become choked up, nnd
but for the Gulf stream, il would bell in New
Fouudland.
Such is I he region through which numer
ous, expensive nnd well planned enterprises
have been senl by various Governments ut
different limes within the last two centuries
for the puipose ot navigating around the
northern coast of America, into the Pacific
Ocean, and now two vessels, the Kntcrpiise
and iho Investigator, before spoken of, are
endeavoring to make the passage from Iho
opposite diieclion, and in the hope of finding
the veiernn navigator, w hose falo enlists so
warmly ihe benevolent interest of ull com
mercial nations. The voyages of Ross, of
Parry, of Back, and former voyages of
Fianklin, are deeply interesting, and there
is now u commercial motive for prosecuting
them, which did not until lately prevail.
The whaleis are now obliged lo proceed
northward, thiotigh the passage between
Asia and Ati.ciicn, for supplies of oil, w ithin
seven or eight hundred miles of tho suppo
sed locality of Sir John Franklin. This fact
will stimulate the spirit of discovery on Ihe
Pacific, side to an extent beyond what now
exists.
One of tho remarkable facts attending the
expeditions last made Ihtongh Barrow's
straits ihe British and the one in question-
is ibis, lhat lhey commenced wintering
within 15 miles of each other, a fact that
was unknown, until iho anival of ihe expe
dition in this port, where tidings were ob
tained of the place of wintering nnd of the
unexpected return of the British vessels.
We have iho materials on hand for a more
extended uolice of Ihe expedition, but we
omit il lo day, in order to make room for
the deeply iuteiestiug letter of Lady Fiank
lin, whose earnest efforts in the important
duly which has devolved upon her, have
done so much lo enlist the sympathy cf the
civilized world in her behalf, and in behalf
of her distinguished husband. It is highly
creditable 10 ihe management of the expe
dition thai although exposed to severe sick
ness and lo vast perils, not a single man bus
been lost, ond the vessels were but slightly
damaged prior lo the gale in September.
The following are extracts from Lady
Franklin's letter :
21 Beoi'ord Place, London,
Sepl. 12 1851. )
Mr Dfixa Mil. Grinnkll : I write to
you in much ai'italiou and confiuiou of
mind, which you will nol wonder at when
you hear lhat Captain Penny, with his two
hips, has returned, and announces ihe ap-'
pioaehing return cf Cupt. Austin's squadron
after being oul for only half ihe period for
which they were equipped.
Capt. Penny's letter is to-day before the
Board of Admirably, urging them in the
strongest terms lo despatch instantly a pbw
rful steamer to Wellington Channel, in
which quarter, lo ihe north west, he has
discoveied the passage which Ihcre can be
scarcely a doubt the ships have taken since
il is the only opening lhey have found any
where, uud hundreds of nidus of coast have
been explored in llie lower western diieclion
lo Cape Walker, Bank's Laud,' and Melville
Ulaud,' without a trace of Ihem. Pi if 1 wood
in considerable quantities has come out of
(his 1101th west channel, and ulso a small bit
of rather fresh English elm, which Penny
pronounces must huve belonged lo our ships,
and was'piobably thrown overboard
Thus the tight track of ika norlh west
passage and Ihe course of Iho missing ships
are identical j and I can only regret lhat our
souadion was" not lolJ lhey might allompt
(he making of the passage if lhey could, for
in that case we should have hud no aban
doning of ihe search till many more snug
gles had been made la gel into Behrm
Straits. The barrier ol ice in Wellington
Channel did not break up last year, nor bad
done so this,' when Penny lefl ; but his ex
ploratious, w hich extended lo 180 miles from
the entrance, weie made beyond il in boat
sledges ; 60 miles beyond ibis he saw wale
wilh land scaling lo Ihe northwest. 1 can
hardly ooncuive how he could resist follow
ing the open water which he saw beyond
him, and which he is couvineed leads into
1 tae so much talked of Folar basiu. Ha is
"lso convinced, wilh Dr. Kane, that there Is
R better climate in those more northern lati
tudes, with more natural resources of food
and fuel : some proofs of which he brings
forward. We have every reason, then, lo
hope lhal some of our lost friends and coun
trymen may yet be able to support life in
this region, though unable to return by the
way which they came ; and the absense of
any Iraces of ihem norlh of Cape Itines, on
the east side of Wellington channel, proves
nothing at nil ngainst it, since lhey were not
likely to luipcr on their way lo examine
shores and island.., but would push on as
fast as possible while the opportunity favor
ed them ; nnd the nexl traces to bo found
would probably be their second winter
quarters.
In confirmation nf this view,' Penny tells
me that there are signs of Iheir first winter
encampment at Bachey l.-lund, &c., of their
having left it suddenly : uud that the bum
mer of 1840, Ihongii extremely unfavorable
lo Ihe whalers, who, on account of the pre
vailing winds, could not cross over to the
west side of Baffin's Bay, must have been
quite tiio revetse to our navigators. You
may imagine in what stalo of anxiety and
agitation wo are,' iill wo learn the decision
of the Admirably on the appeal now made
to Ihem. I have written a strong letlor also,
and I know w hat Sir F. Beaufort, dipt. Ham
ilton and Mr. Barron, who are all ut their
posts, will allege llie necessity of prompt
measures with nil Iheir powers. Should wo
it 1 1, we must look to America nlnne as our
resource. To you will beloLg ull the virtue
and credit of continnint the starch when onr
own countrymen fail, and lo ou will brdoig
the honor nud glory of succories the distres
sed onJ settling forever that vexed question,
which for centuiies it has been the ambition
of Furope, and of England in particular to
solve. I cannot abandon mv husband and
my countrymen lo Iheir fate just at Ihe very
moment w hen the pathway to them has been
found ; and, if need be, rny coming to the
United Slates would hcip in engaging the
active and energetic sympathies of jour
countiymen, painful, in many respects, US'
this tiial would be, I would brace up my
coinage lo llie prool.
But my head is growing weak, and my
health is sinking, and iheii I have a beloved
sister, (not lo mention an aged father, who
is not now in a state lo be conscious of my
absence,) whom it would almost break my
heart lo leave. I am sure you will lell me,
with all your accustomed truth, and candor,
and kindness, what is your view of this point,
in case the Admiralty fail me.
Il appears that it was Capl. Austin's in-"
tention to look into Wellington Channel him
self, and also into Jones's Sound, before he re
turned home ; but us lo the former, Penny
says, he will find llie ice impassable, so that
he will be sure not lo be able, as an eye wit
ness, to see the opening. Nothing, perhaps,
could peneliate it in its present stale, but the
400 horse pow er steamer, and thai cannot be
lone this year, though Penny says, if tha
steamer could be ready to sail in three weeks'
or a month from hence, ho thinks ho could
still get her up lo Lancaster Sound this sea
son, or at any rate, lo some convenient lo
caliiy, which would enable him to commence
early operations next Spring. I intended
wilting much more to you about your own
two gallant ships, and Iheir Winter of almost
unparalleled anxiety, but us 1 wish lo address
a few lines to JuJge Kane, I believe I must
forbear, and refer you to my note lo him.
which I shall enclose and leave open. Capt.
Penny has studded '.he noithein part of Wel
lington Channel with your names, and tho
names of oar brave and generous allies in
your ships. I am greatly pressed for time,
having more writing than I can possibly get
through. Believe me, dear Mr. Griiiuell,'
ever, most truly and icspectfully youis,
JANE FRAMU.IN.
A Yopso w hite female, of delicate, fairly,
formed features, named Julia Ann Smith,
and a black, ugly, dirty African, named Al
fred Pumphrey, t:Dve been arrested in Balli
more, for living together illegally. Poverty
drove her lo ihe act.
A roxrnACioa on Iho Michigan and
New Albany Railroad, is reported lo have
absconded wilh S 6000, and leaving a debt of
$100.
T11 rut has been a machine for polishing
boots on exhibition at the Low el Fair. This'
we consider a most useful, though an bum
ble invention.
Tnr.Y are bei-iutiieg lo munufucMre wbis.
key from ihe lomalo. The di iiehtlul
vegetable could not bo converted 10 wu,se
use.
Machine Poet uy. Tho Detroit Free
Press is responsible for the following :
'The leliraeh wire.
Are awful liar. I"
All tha Ohio Railroads which are
fully
their
opened, are paying 10 per cent, on
stock. t
A heavier vote will probably be polled in
Hamilton county, Ohio, this year lhan
ever before. '
1
Hon. IUnici. WrasTca's throat is serious."
ly affected. ,
Coffer mining is carried on to soma rx
lent in Adams county.
Pr.tTKl'CTlVB Fires have laid
woods near Millville, N. J.
Tne Jews bate eaUblieHeP"
in Wheeling
i