The press. (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1857-1880, August 08, 1863, Image 1

Ting PIECE.
PUBLISHED DAILY (817ADAits W.xuarriuni
BY JOHN W. PORNW.V.
OFFICE. No. 111 8013TH rotrirrit gTIIIIIIII%
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RINGWAILT & BROWN,
STEAM POWER PRINTERS,
Non. 111 and •113 SOUTH FOURTH STRUT.
>SEWING MACHINES.
SINGER & 00.'s
"MilagriEGEL A"
FAMILY SEWING MAOHINEI
With all , the new improvements — Hemmer. Braider.
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at all machines for
•GAMILY SEWING
AND
.LIGHT•MANIIFAOTURING PURPOBIII3
lend for &pamphlet and' a copy of '• Binger & C 0.5
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a. M. SINGER . d CO.,
)•15.&n No. CHESTNUT Street, Philadelphia
sEWING lULOHINEEL
THE "-BLOAT" MACHINE.
wiTH 01,M38 PRESSER FOOT,
JEW Earns sossmsx, xxussx.
Aid other eahLible Improvements.
ALSO,
THE TAGGART & FARR MACTIIIIIII3.
//611411 - 9Xli CESSTIRIT Street. uthrktlf
GAS -FIXTURES, .Sce,
M 7 "ARCH STREET.
G. A. VANICINK & 130211
NANTTNAOTITAHOO Of;
OEIA N33E1,1E118
LOD OTHIR
(+AB FIXTURES.
6160,PUIllith-Brolll6 naives and Ornamentihrorselals
taitatilies Shades. and a variety of
FANCY GOOD%
WROL-SAL AND RETAIL.
Plum call as d maize ffooda.
-FURNITURE, eim.
CABINET ,FURNITURE AND 81L
../4ARD TAMLES.
IV-1° " :1 B3E dk CIAMPIONi
so. am Is.nth SECOND Street;
tSn eonneetion with their extensive Cabinet bnetnees, are
icaouroncenfaottrrhur a
BILLIARD TABLES,
•111111 have now on hand a fall grimly finished with the
moss ag CAMPION'S IMPIiONID CUSHIONS.
Aphich are pronounced by all who have need them to be
On_perior to allothers .
For the quality and finish of these Tables, the manna
Asturers refer to their numerous patrons throughout the
'Ainion. who are familiar with the sharacter ofniha-ft their
Work
PACNTINGS; ENGRAVINGS, .46c.
JAMES S. EARLE & SON,
EIMPOItTER,I3 AID 21.11NII7ACTIIEZEN OF
LOOKING GLASSES.
DILLIII2IIII
OM PAINTINGS,
INGRA.VINGS,
PORTRAIT,
PICTURE, and
PHOTOGRAPH PILLIQUI.
PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS.
mxTurays - LOOKING GLASS WARRROOMS AND
GALLERY OF PAINTINGS,
11141 SU ~O RRSTNIIT Street. PhlledelnhlA
DRUGS.
ROBERT SHOEMAKER& 00..
Northeast Corner FOURTH and RACE Streets.
PHILADELPHIA,
IikraQLESALE DRUGGISTS]
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS
FOREIGN AND DOB:TWIG
'WINDOW AND PLATE. GLARE].
MAI(IMAOTURBII.I3 OF
WHITE LEAD AND ZINO PAINTS. PUTTY, &a.
AORXTO FOIL THH OHLEBBATED
FRENCH ZINO PAINTS.I
Dealer and swimmeret enpplied at
. 324916 VERY LOW rition FOR CA
DRA_ETS,
PROORA.MMEI3.
PAPER BOORS,
POSTERS,
LARGE SHOW-CARDS.
BL t.biRS,
CHECKS,
LABELS,
, .
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.
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•
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VOL. 7.-NO. 7.
Unreserved Sale of Clothing.
Unreserved sale of Clothing,
Unreserved bale of Clothing,
Unreserved sale of Clothing,
UnreP-rved sale of Clothing,
• Oak Hall, Oak Hall,
Oak Hall. oak Hall.
Oak Hall, Oak Hall,
Oak Hall, Oak Hall,
Oalellall, Oak Hall.
Previous to extensive alterations,
Previous/no extensive alterations,
Previous - To extensive alterations,
Praviouslo extensive alterations.
Previous to extensive alterations.
We.wantlo reduce stock,
We want to reduce stock,
We want to reduce stock,
We want to reduce stock,
We went to reduce stock.
Will sell at leiverpr!cesthats ever
. . . . .
Will sell at lower prices than ever
Will sell at lower prices than ever
Will sell at lower prices than ever.
Will sell at lower mines than ever.
WAN&MAKER & BROWN.
OaK MILL,
It S. B. corner Emu' and MARKET streets
COMMISSION HOUSES.
JOHN T. BAILEY & CO.
BAGS AND SAGGING
OP STEEP' DISCRIPTION.
N 0.113 NORTH FRONT STREET,
WOOL BAGS FOB SALM.
late-an.
CLOTMNG
JOHN KELLY, JR.,
TAILOR;
SUB EINOVED FROM lOU CHESTNUT STREITI
EDWARD P. KELLY'S,
1441 South THIRD &mg
Where ha presents to former 'patrons and the 'Oils
sits s.dvantstres of a STOCK OF GOODS. 'tonal if not In.
-"sear. to any in the city—the skill and taste of Mutual
tad EDW . ARD P. KELLY, the two best Tailors of the
City—at prices mush lower Gum my other Arst-elass eats
ttlishaten t of the city. avd-ti
BLACK CASS. PANTS, $5.50,
At 704 MARKET street.
BLACK CABS. PANTS, A 50.50, At 701 MARKET Street
BLACK CASS. PANTS, E. 50, At 704 MARKET Street
BLACK CASS. PANTS, 5.50, At 701 MARKET Street
BLACK CASS. PANTS. ' 50, At 704 MARKET Street.
BRIGS & VAN ,GIINTEN'S. N 0.704 MARKET Street.
GRIGG & VAN" GIINTEN'S, N 0.704 MAAR ET Street.
3RIGO & VAN GIINTEN'S, N 0.704 MARKET Street.
BRIGS & VAN GUNTEN'S, N 0.704 MARKET Street
BRIGS & VAN GIINTEN'S, N 0.704 MARKET Street
ARMY GOODS.
1776. . 1863.
SILK FLAGS A
BUNTING FLASMI
BURGEES.
PENANTS.
UNION JACKS.
STREAMERS:
BUNTING!
RED, WHITE, AND BLUE.
EVANS erc HASSALL.,
MILITARY FURNISHER%
No. 411 ARCH STMT. Philadelphia.
ARMY HATS, ARMY HATS.
ADOLPH do KEEN;
No. 6% North SECOND Street,
Philadelphia,
Manufacturers of all kinds of
FELT HATS,
have on hand a large assortment of all the sextons and
most approved styles of
ARMY HATS.
Orders by mall from antlers or jobbers, will be
promptly filled at the lowest rates. jeSO-3m
GENT'S FURNISHING GOODS.
NOB. 1 AND- N. SET.III STMff,
PHILADELPHIA.
JOIN O. ARRISOI;
(701KIIRLY Z. sus' moms.)
IMPORTER AND DEALER !II
134ENTLEMEWB FIJMIBHUTO GOODI3,
DUAUFILUTUREE
OF THE IMPROVED
PATTERN 13HIRT.
wiarnute;
coLL/u/s.
SATISPAOTION 017AILLATIBD. my22-tes4
GEORGE GRANT,
No. 610 CHESTNUT STREET,
Has no W . ready
A LAROB AND COMPLETE STOCK
GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS,
Of his own importation and manufacture.
Me celebrated
"PRIZE MEDAL SHIRTS,"
Manufactured under the superintendence of
JOHN F. TAGGERT,
(Formerly. of Oldenberg di Taggert,)
Are the most perfect-fitting Shirts of the age.
AFir Orders promptly attended to. jy9-theta-em
OLD ESTABLISHED SHIRT, STOCK,
AID DOLLAR EMPORIUM,
NO. 146 NORTH FOURTH STREET
CHARLES L. ORUM & CO.
Are prepared•to execute all orders for their celebrated
make of Shirts, on short notice, in the most satiefactol7
manner. These Shirts are cut by measurement, on sci
entific principleaand surpass any other Shirt tor neat
nesibf.fit on the Breast, comfort in the Neck, and ease on
the Shoti/der. aplB-stnthBm
FINE < SHIRT MANUFACTORY.
The sribseriber would invite attention to his
IMPROVED CDT OF SHIRTS,
Which he makes a specialty in bin business. Also, sox
(Maly receiving.
NOVELTIES FOR GENTLEMEN'S WEAR..
J. W. SCOTT
GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING STORE,
No. 514 CHESTNUT STREET,
1420-if Four doors below the Continental.
WATCHES AND JEWELRY.
it) VTATOHES,
JOST BIONIVISD PEE 6T&SMSE EITHOF.4.
GOLD WATCHES,
LADDIEV SIZES. OF NEW STYLES.
PIT= AllOlOlB AND CYLINDRES.
GILT ANDRES AND OTLINDENE.
PLATED ANDRES AND OTLINDENU
For Bah at Low Rata to the Trade, by
D. T. PRATT,
*SY C3HYST.WErY snow.
IDPINE WATCH REPAIRING
•teended to, by the most experleneed workroom
eyery_wateh warranted for one year:
*% North SIXTH fibroid. .
j a J. C..' FULLER,
• Importer and Wholeiale Dealer in
FINE WATCHES AND 'JEWELRY,
No. 712' CHESTNUT Street,
•
. (Up-atairl, opposite Masonic Temple,
Mu now open, a
LARGE AND COMPLIST.LSTOCK.
IIhfBRAOINO
IL HOWARD A CO.'S FINE AMSSIOAIIi WATERS.
GOLD CHAINS, GOLD SPECTACLES, THIMBLES,
JND
ME JEWELRY OF MGT DESCRIPTION-
MyS7-tan22
i gklyi G. RUSSELL, FINE .A.M.ERICIAN.j
and Imported WANKS% Fine Jewelry, Silver
lated Ware, &a. _
1e27
I s 0. FULLER'S
FINE GOLD PENS,
THE BEST PEN IN ÜBE,
FOE ME IN ALL sins. mym-!r*
FINE GILT COMBS
of EPSRY VARIETY
IMITATIONS OF PEARL AND CORAL•
J. O. HULLER; . .
ethiSTIIIIT Street.
sayn-ft2
VULCANITE BINGE!.
A fall assortment. all ems and stiles:
J. 0. FULLER,
No. 'SIM CHMSTISUT Street. =717-Sit
MUSICAL BOXES.
IN SHELL AND R OSEWOOD CASES,
f l y from I FAREk skoltssillera and *med.
am newels& & PEmmen. Importers.
ape VX* OMP3TBRIT below lour%
TINDZEOLOTHINO4 as.
2 North SIXTH Street
L t wirtss
•
SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1863
THE WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST.
Recent Operations of the 9tll Army Corps.
[Correspondence of The Press.
MILL DALE, Miss., July 24, 1863
The filth Arniy(lorps has found a resting place at
its old camp, after twenty.six days of unusual hard
ship. Officers and men have been without a change
of clothing during - all that time—that, with the dust
and heat, and want of water, made it almost intole
rable. I have seen men and mules, and horses rush
frantically to the ponds, all plunge in and drink in
discriminately. We longed for the pure streams of
Pennsylvania, and thought [of waters, we would
there never think of drinking, we would now con
sider a luxury. Saturday, the first day of the fight,
there were quite a number among the troops that
were going into position that suffered from sun
stroke, especially of the 36th Massachusetts and 11th
New Hampshire.
We received orders to move, on our return from
Jackson, at 4 o'clock on Sunday, the lath; but as
the let Division, under General Welch, had been up
the railroad, toward Memphis, some eleven miles,
destroying it, and had just returned about that time,
at his request the march was deferred until morn
ing, as General Parke desired the whole corps to
move together. The next morning the whole corps'
moved about 5 o'clock. - The roads were deep with
duit, the sun intensely hot, and water scarce, yet
we were pushed on with terrible, relentless earnest
ness, until we made about twelve miles by 10 o'clock,
We rested until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon,
when we took the road toward Brownsville, march
ing until 11 o'clock at night, having made twenty
two mime during the day. The 2d Division coming
into camp at that time, there was no one to show
where water was to be got, and the tired men, after
hunting around in the dark for some time, went to
bed, wet with sweat, and without coffee. The
evening was very pleasant, and this road not having
been travelled so much, was easy going; but we were
so much crippled, by the morning's work that it was
little else than torture. The next morning we were
roused between 3 and 4 o'clock. Some few had been
able to find water, but, without having time to make
coffee, were urged on with empty, turning stomachs,
and dry parched throats, the 2d Divisibn taking the
lead. Four miles brought us to Brownsville, a vii.'
lege of a dozen houses. Along the road were fine
orchards of .unripe peaches, and fields of water
melons and citrons scarcely ripe, which were
snatched and devoured as the men went along.
Watermelons, anyways near ripe, were delicious
to their thirsty throats. So they dragged themselves
along until ten o'clock, making ten or twelve miles.
On the way up to Jackson each company- seized a
mule or horse and used it for a water-carrier. The
canteens were strung together over its back, and he
would be trotted off to some .well or pond- to be
filled. This was an admirable arrangement ; but to
support such marching it took more than ordinary
strength, and water was not sufficient to renovate
bodies that wanted,food and the usual stimulant of
coffee. Along with us the butchers drove a large
herd of cattle, of all ages, sexes, sizes, and condi
tions, whiCh were butchered as occasion offered;
but men would have given a whole beef for a side of
bacon, There was scarcely salt enough to make it
fit for the palate, and, driven along steadily all day
without water, their meat was as dry and sapless
as the men themselves. The order of march was,
ordinarily, to march until ten o'clock, rest, and
resume the march at four o'clock in the after
noon. This day the order was changed, and
we started at 3 o'clock. The, road lay through a
long stretch of hilly country, bare and open. The
sun poured down its fiercest rays, and we marched
an hour without rest at the outstart. Men fell out
by the scores ; numbers fell down with sunstroke
in some instances dying immediately, others giving
the most . curious exhibitions of madness, snapping
and bitinglike dogs, kicking like horses, and taking
three or four men to keep them in the wagons or
ambulances. Regiments retained but a skeleton of
their organizations, and the roads were full of
stragglers from them all. Regiments that had cam
paigned in North Carolina and Virginia, South
Carolina and Maryland, were demoralized. Men
never known to have failed in the hardest trials had
to give way here, many with a shame and mortifica
tion that was painful to witness, and which none
but an old Soldier with the 'soldier's pride can
appreciate, and which, when once done, like the
yielding to the first temptation in crime, leads to
ruin. The night j of thp_senomi day.we, same withir?
milo of " Big Black, near, I think, Ales
singer'a Ford—at any rate is now called Sherman's
bridge, and the way to it lies through miles and
miles of cornfields on either side of the river.
Here were sirings of delicious water. Ohl what a
luxury ! Here we laid by until the next day, at 4
o'clock, beneath the shades of these magnificent
magnolias and wide-spreading beech.
When we came to the Big Blank a most furious
rain came down—so sudden it seemed like throwing
a bucket of water on you. Then the dusty roads
became tough as mortaobedo, and it was easiest to
pull oil' the shoes and go it barefopt—as many men
and officers did. Thus we plod on until eleVen,
coming within a mile or lees of our camp, which we
left on the 4th of July, and laid down in the mud to
snatch the few brief moments of rest, the chills and
the vermin, and the red ante, would give you; blest
if you have not the toothacto, aching bOnee, skinned
and blistered feet, and galded legs, the latter the
intensest,torture of marching in a hot climate.
It was like reaching home to get to our camp, un
disturbed as it had been since we left, to have a
bath, and fling our dirty, rotten clothes away.
General, Grant's Army.
From Vicksburg, July 27th, a correspondent of the
Tribuile writes:
The main portion of the troops belonging to the
Department of the Tennessee are now in and around
Vicksburg . . Gen. McPherson's army corps is em
ployed in, garrisoning this post, and has been since
its, occupation. Gen. Logan's division, belonging
to this corps, is encamped within the city limits,
Gen. L. doing duty as post commandant until a few
days past, when he went North on furlough, and - his_
duties then devolving.uporr Brig. Gen. J. E. Smith.
Col. Bent is provost marshal.
WHAT TS TO BE DONS
There are no indications, that I can discover as
yet, of any very active movements in this quarter
soon. In fact, I incline to the, opinion that the next
six or eight weeks will be employed by Gen. Grant
in quiet preparation for an active and decisive Fall
campaign. There is urgent need for this prepara
tion. This army has been in the field a long time,
and the wear-and tear, so to speak; has been tremen
dous. In every department, repairs and reformi - are
needed. The organization of the army needs an
overhauling. It seems particularly necessary, ow
ing to the incidents of the campaign ending with the
capture of Vicksburg and the destruction of Jack
son, that the entire army should be brigaded anew.
If our old regiments are ever to be filled up by re.
cruits or by drafted men, now is the time to do it.
There are many, alas, too many regiments, repre
sented here by mere squads of men. To fill up or to
consolidate these regiments requires time and much
clerical labor. Our army regulations( are such that
it is , impossible to put and keep things in such
shape that they will work satisfactorily without
consuming a great deal of time. The intricate sys
tem of, checks and balances in the army, under
which weare operating, and which has come to be
called red tape, works out delays the necessity for
which few civilians can comprehend, and which no
general, however energetic, can prevent.
There is another reason why this army should re
main in comparative inactivity as regards move
ments until perhaps the first of October, and that
is .ih e fact that the* season for a summer campaign
b passed. There has been much said and written
alt i out the endurance of Western troops. It has
been demonstrated that they can endure as much in
thllFolimate as Southern or any other kind of troops.
Still I hold that there is a species of inhumanity in
volved in making August and Septemberilhe very
worst months in the year, the time for active mili
tary operations, unless the strategic reasons there-.
fore are very urgent. Because another feather could
be added to the camel's load without breaking his
back is no reason for addingthe feather. Let us not
bunt for the limit to the powers of our armies until
the occasion imperatively demands it.
Furloughs are being granted freely—amounting
to about five per cent. of the'army. In my opinion
this percentage could be increased 'without detri
ment to thetervice.
HEALTH OF .THE TROOPS
It is really wonderful that our men stand this cli
mate as well as they do, but it is nevertheless true,
that there is an amount of sickness in the army
which is lamentable. Marching and trench life in
Mississippi, during the...midsummer months, are try
ing on the stoutest constitutions. Chronic (liarrhcca prevails to an alarming extent, and all the va
rious forms of bilious and typhoid fevers are rife
here. I lia.y i e_seenin_starno-Prorthcrb-papea St% Ge.-.
inenttnat t ere had been oases of yellow fever in
- Vicksburg. This is not true. But Yellow Jack
will probably visit us with his scourge if we do not
clean up the place soon. The town is now reeking
with the filthy ddbris of the two armies. .
Walking in through the railroad ddpot yesterday,
I witnessed a sad sight. The train from Black river
was just in, and,was filled with soldiers emaciated
and sallow. hued. One poor fellow, who did -not
seem to be as far gone as the others, thought that
with a little assistance he could get from the oar he
was in to the platform. While attempting this he
was attacked by a congestive chill. He begged to
be laid down where he was. The men laid him
down in the dust and dirt, thinking he would be
better in a moment. In leas than live minutes he
was dead. The men around him did not even know
his name, nor the regiment to - which he belonged.
To breathe one's last, lying in the duet of a much
travelled road, without even an acquaintance near,
le seemingly worse than to meet death gallantly on
the battle field.
REBEL CANVASSING IN WEST TENNESSEE
Recent correspondence from Memphis, in the
Cincinnati Gazette, gives us the following interesting
information
Even the indefatigable Isham G. Harris is liable
to the common accidents of war; as the following
letter, now before me, will show when its history is
told. It is this: Governor Harris; imbued with a
zeal for holding an election in West Tennessee, and
having obtained a military force for that purpose,
selected two agents to accompany the troops and
"do up" the political part of the election farce.
These men were Col. Campbell and Captain Clark.
The former was provided with this letter as his cre
dentials, and was ordered to report to Gen. Pillow.
By a mere chance, Col. Campbell and Capt. Clark
mistook Corinth, Miss., for Columbus Ifs., and dis
covered themselves reporting to Gen. Dodge instead
of to Gen. Pillow. ' General . Dodge was, doubtless,
highly edified by the very frank and lucid explana•
tion sof the fostering Governor, as contained in the
credentials of Colonel Campbell, but not seeing the
necessity for the kind of service iii West• Tennessee
whereto Col, Campbell was sent the General simply
relieved him and his associate , Captain Clark, front
duty, and assigned them to warters in the Corinth
stockade. •
But here is the
LRTTER FROM GOV. IMAM O. HARRIS.
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., July 17, 1863
Gencral Gideon - J. Pillow:
DEAR Silt : General Bragg agreed this morning,
to mend Roddy's command to Welt Tennessee, leav
ing hie preaent headquarters on the 25th instant, ao
as to reach West Tennessee before tho'eleotion day.
wish =to . send Colonel Campbell and Captain
Clark, with Roddy. to Welt Tapeqage, to Eußodn,
PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1863.
tend the election matter. They are ordered to report
to you. I doubt not they can do much in the way
of recruiting there, and at the same time render
important service in securing [Harris' orthogra
phy—E.] in the holding of elections. I, therefore,
suggest that you assume the authority to clothe
Oampbell with full power to recruit according to
your plan. He can render the State important ser
vice by securing elections, and, I have no doubt,
raise a command. I confidently rely upon his being
sent, and, therefore, give him full instructions with
regard to the elections.
Respectfully, ISHAIVI G. HARRIS.
"Recruit according to your plan," is a mild way
of expressing the operation of the Southern con
scription law, and, 'I respectfully submit, whether it
would not be wise to adopt that pleasant style of
speech when epeaking of our draft. Say, for in
stance, that our provost marshals be " clothed with
full power' to recruit according to their plan," and
at once the odium of conscription, or a draft, would
be avoided.
But really there is food for thought in the state of
facts revealed in this letter. See upon what shallow
pretensions they are,willing to base the composition
of the highest legislative power of the Confederacy;
Three thousand cavalry are sent to roam over a por
tion of the State, only to enact the most empty elec.
tion.farce imaginable, so that it may appear, in Eu
rope, for instance, that Tennessee is represented. in
the Confederate Congress I
STATES 1N REBELLION,
c‘ The Southern Monarehy.”
[From the Cleveland Wool Grower 3
This is the phrase with which the Atlanta Intelli
gences heads an editorial article discussing the po
litical future of "the Confederacy."
" It is by no means uncommon to - hear men say,
remarks the- Intelligente, 'Well, after all, the - Eo^ ,
fish Government is the best Government on Earth!'
Others say, 'There is a movement on foot to establish,
during this revolution a Southern Monarchy ; that
officers highin position are working to bring, about
this very end.''
So far, then, the slave lords have already got.
Evidently they are trying to prepare the public
mind in the Cotton States for the establishment of
an absolute monarchy, or some kind of despotism.
Nor does the proposal tail altogether upon dull ears,
for the Southern journal - remonstrates with therad
herents of the new faith:
"It is really astonishing that any native Ameri
can should sigh after the flesh pots of Egypt , —
should prefer a monarchy to the glorious - form of
government which among ourselves, as States, we
have already established. Perhaps most of all this
class of men would prefer the English form of go
vernment, provided they could be kings or lords, or
wear the badge of nobility themselves; hut divest
them of all such hope, and they would still cling to
republicanism."
Apparently he has not been offered a patent of no
bility under his expectant Majesty Davis the first;
for be complains that affairs are "managed in such
a way as to lead tope belief that most of our lead
ing men have an undbrstanding amongst themselves,
and that they are manoeuvring - for a despotism of
some sort."
"The exemption law,"
he adds, " which provides
that if a man has twenty slaves he need not enter
the service of his country, but stay at home and
make more money than he ever made before, while
his poor neighbor, whose family is dependent upon
hie own exertions for their daily bread, must be
forced into service—this, they persist, points to a
slaveocracy or aristocracy."
Nor are our reasons lacking for a belief that if the
rebel leaders could only destroy the Union, and
humble the free States, they would quickly take
measures to establish such a despotism over the five
millions of nomslaveholding whites as they now
exercise over the three and a half millions of blacks.
Already, in those journals which are the peculiar
organs of the slave-lord—De Bow's Review and the
Southern Literary Messenger—articles are printed
whose only purpose is to bridge the way to more
and more stringent and despotic forms of govern.
ment. In an article on "Law and Liberty," printed
in De Bow's Review for August of last year, 'after
some of the customary flings at liberty and demo
cracy, the writer remarks that
-
"Our rulers, State and Confederate, legislative
and executive, have of late shown themselves admi•
rable pathologists, and seeing that the nation was
sick of too much liberty, have dosed it well with law,
which is the negative and corrective of excess of
liberty.
"In Richmond, where we reside, the declaration
of martial law has banighed panic, reassured the
people, and given a feeling of safety and security to
all our citizens. Liberty of speech and liberty of the
press are sufficiently 'restricted by a stringent public
opinion, which no man dares tamper with. If they
were not thus restrained, the public authorities
would readily step in and punish and incarcerate
any
-one wbo, by indiscreet talk and indiscreet writ
ing, jeoparded the public safety. You meet at every
corner of the street armed men who preserve orders
keep the peace, and turn over to summary punish
ment the criminal and diborderly. Prices are regu•
lilted by-law,extortioners punished, and the making
or vending of liquor strictly prohibited.
. .
“This is not liberty but the reverse of it, yet none
but the corrupt and eriminel object to it. The right
to cheat and a windle your neighbor is suspended for
the present, and it may be hereafter, when peace is
restored, we may discover that this free-trade prin
ciple is not indispensable to the well-being of so
ciety.”
He goes on to express his contempt for written
Constitutions and antiquated and useless • contri
vances
"A nation trammelled with' a written Constitu
tion is like a man with his hands manacled. Its caps-
city for action is cramped and diminished.
" The Confederate Constitution is a mere tub thrown
aver to the whale. No intelligeut .matovho voted for
itdeereeditswbiildbe permanent . ; but only consid
ered it a temporary expedient, a gluing away for the
time to popular prejudices, a bridge and pass between
mobocracy and anarchy, and conservative republi
canism.
"No people can be well ruled by a government
of limited , powers—by a constitutional govern
ment."
The Richmond Literary Messenger handles the same
topic in its January number, but more guardedly.
We commend the following paragraph to the reader.
It foreshadows certain improvements upon the firm
of government,constructed. by:Washington, Jeffer
son, and other Virginians:
"No foreigner who comes among us -after the
struggle is over should ever enjoy the elective.frail
chise. If we cannot check the spread over our ter
ritory of that spawn oflgnorance and crime which'
flows in endless issue from the prisons and dens of
corruption in the marts of Europe, - we can at least
shut out its cankering effects from the vitals of our
body politia. We sadly heed, too, a property quail-
Beaton for native as well as foreigner. It is hardly
necessary to repeat the trite argument of the greater
interestedness of the property•holder in the success
ful administration of goverment than of him who
has nothing at stake. * Finally,' we should
curtail the number bf officers elective by the people.
These, and we might suggest others, are some of the
features in our social organism which have occurred
tows as sadly needing alteration."
If these sentiments were not instrict accordance
with what the rebel leaders professed before they
made war upon us, we might pass them by as the
windy bombast of some Virginian or South Caro
linian enob,zone mad with dreams of chivalry. But
compare the passage we have with those which fol
low, and see how consistent is their spirit.
,In an essay by J. Quitman Moore, published some
years ago in the Charleston Mercury, the writer says:
"Those pestilent and pernicious dogmas,-the ma
jority shall rule—are, in their practical application,
the frightful source of disorders never to be quieted--
philosophies the most false, and passions the moat
wild, destructive and ungovernablh. The .institu
tion of an hereditary Senate and Executive is the politi
cal form best suited to the genius and most expres
sive of the ideas orthe South."
In a letter captured by our fortes on Barnwell's
Island, South Carolina, M. R. EL Garnett, of Vir
ginia, writes to Wm. H. Prescott:
"1 must acknowledge, my dear sir, that I look
into the future with almost as much apprehension as
hope. You may well object to the term Democrat.
Democracy, in its original philosophical sense, is,
indeed, incompatible with slavery and the whole sys
tem of Southern society."
This is the kind of " sound political information"
diffused by "the thinkers" of the Southern States
among those who "sit, on stumps by.the roadside,"
and who are so superior to the men of New England.
Is it, perhaps, also thekind which our Northern dif
fusionists would like to inculcate here? Piave these
vulearians so long aped the plantation manners of
their Southern masters that at last they, too, have
an ambition to be noblemen, members of "an,he
reditary Senate," paying court to "an hereditary
Executive?" Does Mr. Brooks entertain the fond
hope that, by taking thought and diffusing sound
political information, he may one day be hailed as
"my Lord Brooks?"
We cannot read without a smile of contempt the
puerile and visionary schemes of these crazy slave
holderetwho think to turn back the hand of Time,
and revive, in the nineteenth century, the absurd
and effete institutions of the' fifteenth. But what
shall we think of the little band in the free States,
which, living in the midst of free schools, and
amongst an intelligent people who do not sit by the
roadside on stumps, yet dreams that it lead by
the nose twenty millions of freemen, and make them
the tools of slaveholding ambition?
CALIFORNIA.
[From th e San-Ft arMieco Bulletin. July 11:]
A writ - dated the -Bth of May, and directed to the
marshal of this district, arrived' in this city a few
days ag0...1t was issued by President Lincoln, and
commanded the marshal to seize the Almaden mines,
and emplOy - armed force, if necessary.
By a Congressional act of 1807, the President is
authorized to direct the seizure of all public lands
which are occupied without authority or title' from
the United States, and to empower the marshal to
use military force, if necessary. In relation to the
mines, the letter of the act has never been enforced,
as it seems merely to have been contemplated to
Cover the lands belonging to Government, and pre
vent squatters from taking possession of them and
burning the timber. But a different - and arbitrary
construction seems to have been placed upon the law
at Washington, and the writ to the marshal here
directed him to take possession of the inine,the land
about, it, and the, hacienda-3,000 varas in every di
rection from the mouth of the,-mine was specified—
and, in case of necessity, to call military force to his
assistance. The marshal stated-:that if it were not
surrendered be would mitich in a file of one hundred
soldiers and take military possession; the soldiers
then being in San Jose for that purpose.
The people of the mine and in thesiclnity in the
meanwhile had become much coedited, the mice was
barricaded•by some one hundred ipcd seventy armed
men, and a collision seemed evident. The authori
ties at Washington were telegraphed to, and while
the marshal, the military, and the miners were pre
serving an armed neutrality, a despatch came from
the President to stay all proceedings, and the
cavalry company was - ordered to - this city.- Ad
mating it to be the property of the Government,
stripping it of all other titles, and placing the mine
in undisputed governmental possession, would_it be
policy.for the Government to exercise its Saithority't
Virtually Government has consented to the occu
pancy cd its grounds by miners, as the best way of
getting the gold dug out from the earth, and the
easiest way of settling a question of title which
would otherwise have been productive of endless
trouble. The Almaden miners, who have had un
disputed possession of their mines for seventeen
years; would still have a right to the property under
the unwritten but recognized mining laws of this
district, holding their claim by the same title that
other miners have to theirs.:_ Such action on the
pelt of the Government would breed a very natural
fact on the part of miners generally, that their long
vested rights were to be interfered with, and them
selves summarily dispossessed of their claims by an
aimed force;fOr nothing would remain but for
Uncle Samuel to step in and pcieket ,Ophir and
Gould & Curly, as well as all the wild-oat stook in
the market.
There - is another interesting point,. In which the
seizure of the Almaden mine would present itself to
the popular view.' The consumption of
,quickeilver
in Nevada Territory equals one thousand flasks per
month, and it is supplied to miners - zit sixty cents a'
pound. If the Almaden( mine were seized, within;
three -weeks every mine on this coast would be
obliged to suspend working until a supply of quick
silver could be brought from foreign countries, at a
'much - higher rate, as there is said not to tie a supply'
sufficient for a month's consumption in the country.
The New Idris mine, below San' Juan suspend
ed, having been served with - an injunction. The
aliiqueta mine, in Santa 'Clara county:hats worked
itself out or lost the veln,and the Napa mine is
producing nothing. Consequently, a stoppage of the
Almaden woks would interfere seriously with the
interests of every gold arid silver mine in the coun
• tiy. These facts have been represented to the
President, - and that in their full light he will' Permit
any further action to be taken hithe matter, or allow
. the military process to' supersede the - civil lotion of
the eell.ttiAll 4lOt tot one moment to be tipptehelided.
TJIE IRISH_ AND Ski-VERY.
Maniel O'Connell's famous. Letter to the
Irish Repeal Association of Cincinnati
This great anti-slavery document, the bitter pro
test of Ireland's greatest leader against the pro-Isla
irery selffin'ent of so many of big countrymen in
America, ii again brought to light in the Chtholic
Telegraph, .Of Cincinnati, August 6th. A more se
.
Vere and searching review of theAvil of sltsvery and
its sympathies has hardly ever been written. The
paper in which it is published is edited by Father
Put cell, a'brother of the Archbishop, and intimate
friend of Gvneral Roseerans. The letter is prefaced
tvith the
: following : -
jWe publish to-day, to the exclusion of much im
portant matter, the famous letter of O'Connell to a
Committeecof our citizens who rebuked him for his
anti-slavery opinions. The document has been con-
Cealed fog twenty years by a well-known Democrat,
to whom we are indebted for it. We invite. our
Irish'Ostlfolic brethren to read it attentively, and
any one wishes to see the manuscript, which is
beautifully written, and the signaturg of O'Connell,
they can be accommodated at the oat& of the Tele-
Mph. W,i3 intend to have the letter published in
pamphlet form, and we respectfully invite all friends
of the good cause of liberty against bondage to aid
us in its circulation.
The letter,-which occupies five or six columns of
the Telegreph begins as follows:
Ging TLIgIISN : We have read, with the deepest
affliction,xint unmixed with some surprise and much
indignation, your detailed and anxious - vindication
61 the most hideous crime that has ever stainedlu
manity—the slavery of men-of color in the United
States of America. We are lost in utter aniaze ment
at the per Version of mind and depravity of heart
'which your address evinces. * * *
It was not in Ireland you learned this cruelty.
Your mAhers were gentle, kind, and humane.
Their bosobis overflowed with the honey of human
oharity. Your sisters are, probably, many of them,
still amongst use and participate in all that is good
and benevolent in sentiment and action. How, then,
faflD you have become so- depravedl How can your
touts have become stained with a darkness blacker
Than the negro's skin I You say you have no pecu
niary interest in negro slavery. Would that you
had ! for it might be some palliation of your crime!
but, alas! you have inflicted upon us the horror of
beholding -you the vottrivraan advocates of despot
ism, in, its, most -frightful state—of slavery, in its
most loathsome and unrelenting form.
We -wei,e, unhappilYrprepared to expect some
fearful exhibition of this description. There has
been a testimony borne against the Irish, by birth
or descent, in America, by a person fully informed
as to the facts, incapable of the slightest misrepre
sentation ; a noble of nature more than of titled
birth ; a man gifted with the highest order of talent
and the most generous emotions of the heart—the
great, the good Lord Morpeth—he who, in the Route
of Commons, boldly asserted the superior social
morality of the poorer classes of the Irish over any
other people—he, the best friend of any of the Saxon
race that Ireland and the Irish ever knew; he,
amidst the congregated thousands at Exeter Hall,
in Londen, mournfully:, but flunly, denounced the
Irish in America as-being amongst the worst enc.
mien of the negro slaves and other men of Color.
Your advocacy of slavery is founded upon a gross
error. You take for granted that man can be the
Property of his fellow-man. You speak in terms of
indignation of those who would deprive white men
of their "properly,” and thereby render them less
capable of supporting their families in affluence.
ou forget the other side of the picture. You have
neither sorrow nor sympathy for the sufferings of
those who are iniquitously compelled to labor for
the affluence of others; those who work without
icages—who toil without recompense—who spend ,
their lives in procuring for others the splendor and
wealth in which they do not participate. You to
tally forget the sufferings of the wretched black men
who are deprived of their ALL without any compen
sation or redress. you, yourielves, all of you,
or if any one of you, were, without crime or
offence committed by you, handed over into per
petual slavery 3 if you were compelled to work from
sunrise to sunset without wages, supplied only with
such coarse food and raiment as would, keep you In
working order ; if, when your "owner" fell into debt,
you were sold to pay his debts, not your own; if it
were made a crime to teach you to read and write ;
If you were liable to be separated, in the distribution
of assets, from your wives and children; if you
(above all) were to fall into the hands of a brutal
master—and you condescended to admit that there
are some brutal masters in America—if, among all
those circumstances, some friendly spirits of a more
generous order were- desirous to give liberty to you
and your families, with what ineffable disgust would
not you laugh to scorn those who should traduc6 the
generous spirits who would relieve you, as you now,
pseudo-Irishmen—shame upon you!—have traduced
and vilified the Abolitionists of North America!
TIIN OUTCRY AGAINST ABOLITIONISTS
Another piece of silliness. You allege that it is
the Abolitionists who make the slave restless with
his conditioii„and that they scatter the seeds of dis
content., How can you treat us with such contempt
as - to use assertions of that kind in your address?
How can you think we could be eb devoid of intel
lect as to believe the negro would not know the
miseries of slavery, which he feels every hour of the
fourquid•twenty, unless he were told by come Abo
litionist that slavery was a miserable condition I
-
There is nothing that makes us think so badly of
ou as Our strain of ribaldry in attacking the Abo-
The desire to procure abolition is, in itself, a vir
tue, and - deserves our love for its charitable disposi
tion, as does reSpect and veneration for its courage
latner , sinfamirattle;cireoutstances. Instead of the
ribaldry of yeur attack upon the AbOlitioniits, you:
ought to respect and countenance them. If they err
by excessive zeal, they err in a righteous and a holy
Cause. - You would do well to check their errors and
Mitigate their zeal within the bounds of strict pro
priety. But if you had the genuine feelings of Irish
men, you never would confound their errors with
their virtues. In truth, we much fear, or rather we
should candidly say, we readily believe that you,at
tiibute to them imaginary errors forno other reaion
than that they really possess one brilliant virtue—
namely, the love of -human freedom in intense per
fection.
Again, we have to remark that you exaggerate ex
ceedingly when you state that there are fifteen mil
lions of the white population in America whose
security and happiness are connected with the main
tenance of the system. of negro slavery. On the
contrary, the system cif slavery inflicts nothing but
mischief upon the far greater part'of the inhabitants
of;America. The only places in which individual
interest is connected with slavery are th,e slavehold
ing States. Now, in those States, almost without
an exception (if, indeed, there be any exception), the
people of color greatly exceed the whites ; and thus,
even if an injury were to be inflicted on the whites
by depriving them of their slaves, the advantages
would be most abundantly counterbalanced and com
pensated for by the infinitely greater number of per
sons who would thus be restored to the greatest of
bunion blessings—personal liberty. Thus the old
Berithamite maxim of "doing the greatest possible
good to the greatest possible number," would be
amply carried out into effect by,the emancipation of
the negroes.
We utterly deny your assertion, and we defy you
to show any single instance of preparatory steps
4alten by any State for the emancipation of negroes
berme the abolition demand was raised. You vio
late truth in that assertion. • There were no such
preparations. It is a pure fiction, invented by
slaveholders out of - their unjust animosity to the.
Abolitionists. It is said that the fear of abolition
as-rendered the slaveholders more strict, harsh, and
cruel,. toward the wretched`slaves ; and that they
Would be more gentle and humane if they were not
afraid of the Abolitionists. We repeat that this is
not true, and Is merely an attempt to cast - blame on
those who would coalesce to put an end to negro
slavery.
It is in the same spirit that the criminal calumni
ates his prosecutor, and the feionreviles his accuser.
It is, therefore, utterly untrue that the slaveholders
have made the chains 'of the negro more heavy
through any fear of abolition.
Yet, if you tell the truth; if the fact be, that the.
negro is made to sutler - for the zeal of the Abolition
ists; if he is treated with increased cruelty by rea
son of the fault of the friends of abolition, them, in •
deed, the slaveholders must be a truly Satanic race.
Their according to-you; is diabolical. The
Abolitionists commit an offense, and the unhappy
negroes are punished. The Abolitionists violate the
law of property, and the penalty of their crime is
imposed upon the negro'! Can 'anything be more
repugnant to every idea ofjusticel Yet this is your
Statehient. •
We; on the other hand, utterly deny the truth of
you'r allegations; and where we find you calumniate
the slaveholders we become their advocatee against
your calumny. You-naluniniate everybody—slaree,
4bolitioniets, and elaveowners —framers of constitu,
bons, makers of laws—everybody !. The slave
holders' ire not favorites of ours, but we will, do men
justice and will not permit you to impute an impossi
ble crime to them.
If you be Christians at all, recollect that alavery
is opposed to the first; the highest, and the greatest
principles of Christianity, which teach us- " to love
the great and good God above all thinga whatso
ever ;" and the next, "to love our fellow-man 'as
ourselves ;" which commands us " to dounto others
as we would be done by." These sacred principles
are inconsistent, with the horrors and crimes of ga
yety ; sacred principles which have already banished
domestio bondage from civilized Europe, and which
will also, in God's good time,- banish it from A.me-
Mica, despite the advocacy of such puny declaimers
as you. are. .
The Catholic clergy may endure, but they assuredly,
do not encourage the slaveciwners. We have, indeed,
heard it. said that some Catholic clergymen have
slaves of their own ; but it is added, and we are as
sured positively, that no Irish. Catholic clergyman
is a slaveowner. At all events, every Catholic
knows how distinctly slaveholding, , and especially
slave trading, is condemned - by the Catholic church.
That most eminent -man, his holiness,. the,present
Pope, has, by an Allecution published throughout
the world, condemned all dealing and traffic in slaves.
Nothing can be more distinct nor more powerful
than the Pope's denunciation of, that most abomi
nable crime. Yet it subsists - in a more abominable
form than his holiness could possibly, describe; in
the traffic which still exists in the sale of slaves,"
from one State in America to another. What, then,
are we to thint of you, Irish Catholics, 'who send us
an elaborate vindication of slavery without the
slightest censure of that hateful crimel a crime
which the Pope has so completely coademned—
namely, the diabolical raising of slaves for sale, and
telling them to other States.
If you be Oatholles you ahould devote your time
and beat exertions,-toe working out the pious in
tentions of his holiness. Yet you prefer—Oh,
morrow and shame I—to volunteer your vindication
of everything that belongs to the guilt of slavery.
ELAC% INViRIORITY DISCUSSED
Your important allegation is, that the negroes
are, naturally, an Inferior rw. That is a totally
gratuitous assertion upon y r part. In America
You can have no opportunity of seeing the negro
educated. 'On the contrary, in moat of your States
it is a-crime—named Heaven ! a crime to educate.
even a free negro ! How, then, can you judge of the
negro race, when you see them despised and coo.
tenmed by the educated classes ; reviled and looked. '
e own upon as Inferior I The negrb race has, natu,
rally, some of the finest qualities. They are natu,
rally gentle, generous, humane, and very grateful
ler kindness. They are as brave and as fearless
a any other of the races of human beings Out
the blessings of education are kept from them;
and they are ;judged of, not as they would. be
with proper cultivation, but as they are.= ren•
d,ered by cruel - and debasing. oppression. It leas
old as' the days of Homer, who truly assertathat
the driy which ;Bees a man a slave takes away half
his worth. Slavery actually brutalizes htunan beings.
It is' about sixty years ago when' one of the.Shleke,
not far south of Fez, in Morocco, who, was in the
habit of accumulating white slaves, upon being
strongly rernorietrated with by a European Power,
g'ave for his • reply that, by his own experience, he'
fOund it quite, manifest that white-men were of an
: krterior race, intended by nature for slaves; and he
produced - his own 'brutalized white slaves to illus.
trate the Wirth of his assertion. And a. case of, an
American, with a historic liame.Tohn Adams—is
qtrite familiar.. Some. , :twanty.five. - years ago—not
roore-LJohn Adams was tke sole survivor of an Ame-
r can crew wrecked en the African coast. He was
taken' into the interimi as the slave of an - Arab
c ief. He was only for three years a slave, and the
English and American consuls, having been informed
Of a white man's slavery, claimed him, and obtained
his liberation. In the short space of three years he
had become - completely brutalized ; he had cam-
pletely forgotten the English language,. without
having acquired the native • tongue. . He spirke-"a
having
of gabble, as unintelleotuel as the dialects of
moat of your negro slave '
s; and Many months elapsed
before he recovered his former habits and ideas.
- 1 It Is also a endow' fact; as 'connected with Arne
ries, that the 'children pf •the,Anglo-Saxon• runs;
and of other -Europeans born in America % we*:
for many years considered as a degraded an i
inferior class. Indeed, it was admitted, as if it
were an axiom, •that the native-born American
was in nothing equal to his European progenitor;
and, so far from the fact being disputed, many
philosophic dissertations were published, endea
voring to account for the alleged debasement.
The only doubt W3l°l about the caullls of it "No
body doubted," to use your own words, "that
the native-born Americans were really an infe
rior race." Nobody dares to may so now, and no
body thinks it. Let it, then, be recollected that you
have never yet seen the negro educated. An English
traveller through Brazil some few years ago men
tions having known a negro who was a priest, and
whO was a learned, pious, and exemplary man in his
sacerdotal functions. .We have been lately informed
of two negroes being educated at the Propaganda
and ordained priests, both having distinguished
themselves in their scientific and theological course.
The French papers say that one of them celebrated
mass, and delivered• a short but able . sermon before
Louis Philippe. It is believed they have both gone
out with the Right Rev. Dr. Baron on the African
mission.
We repeat, therefore, that to judge properly of
the negro, you should see him educated and treated
with the respect due to a fellow• creature, unto
milted by the filthy aristocracy of the skin, and un
tarnished to the eye of the white by any associa
tions connected with his state of slavery.
TOE NZGROKS A GOOD AND KINDLY WAGE,.
We next refer to your declaration that the two
races, viz the black and white, cannot exist, on
equal terms, under your Government and your in
stitutions. This is an extraordinary assertion to be
made at the present day. You allude, indeed, to
Antigua and the Bermudas. But we will take you
to where the experiment has been successfully made
upon a large scale—namely, to Jamaica. •
There the two races are on a perfect equality in
point of law. The law does not recognize the slight
est distinction between the races. You have bor
rowed-the far greater part of your address from the
cant phraseology which the West Indian slave
okeners, and especially those of Jamaica, made
use of before emancipation. They used to as
sert'. as you do now, that 'abolition meant
destruction ,• that to give - freedom to the
negro would be to pronounce the assassination of
the whites; that the negro, as soon as free, would
massacre their former owners, and destroy their
wives and families. short, your .prophecies of
the destructive effects of emancipation are but faint
and foolish echoes of the prophetic apprehensions of
the British slave-owners. They might, perhaps,
have believed their own assertions, because the
emancipation of the negroes was then an untried
experiment. But you—you are deprived of any ex
cuse for the reassertion of a disproved calumny. The
emancipation has taken place—the compensation
given by England viqtrinot given to the negroes, who
were the only persons that deserved compensation.
It was given to the so-called " owners." It
was an additional wrong—an additional cause
of irritation to the negroes ; but, gracious Hea
ven ! how nobly did that good and kindly
race—the negroes—falsify the calumnious appre
hensions of their task-masters! Was there one
single murder consequent on the emancipation?
Was there one riot—one tumult-even - one assault ?
Was there one single white person injured either in
person or property? Was there any property spoil
ed or laid waste? The proportion of negroes in
Jamaica to white men is as 800 to 60, or-80 per cent:
Yet the most perfect tranquility has followed the
emancipation. The criminal courts are almost un
employed ; nine-tenths 'of the jails are empty and
open; universal tranquility reigns. Although the
landed proprietors have made use of the harshest
landlord power to exact the hardest terms by way
of rent from the neeroes, and have also endeavored
to extort from him the largest possible quantity of
labor for the smallest wages, yet the kindly negro
race have not retaliated by one single act of vio
lence or of vengeance'; the two races exist together,
upon equal terms, under the British Government
and under British institutions.
MIMI
Have you enough of the genuine Irishman left
among you to ask what it is that we require you to
dot It is this :
First. We call upon you, in the sacred name of
humanity, never again to volunteer on behalf of the
oppressor, nor even for any self-Interest to vindicate
the hideous crime of personal slavery.
. . .
Second/21. We ask you to assist, in every way you
can, in promoting the education of the free men of
color, and in discountenancing the foolish feeling of
selfisiniess—of that criminal selfishness which makes
the white man treat the man of color as a degraded
or inferior being.
Thirdly. We ask you to assist in obtaining for the
free men of color the full benefit of all the rights and
franchises of a freeman in whatever State he may
inhabit.
Fourthly, We ask you to exert yourselves in en
deavoring to procure for the man of color, in every
case, the benefit of a trial by jury, and especially
where a man insisting that he is a freeman is claim•
ed to be a slave.
Fifthly. .We ask you to exert yourselves in every
possible way to induce slave-owners to emancipate
as many slaves as possible. The Quakers of Ame
rica have several societies for this purpose. Why
should not the Irish imitate them in that virtue 7
Siallily. We ask you to exert yourselves in all the
ways you possibly can to put an end to the internal
slave trade of the States. The breeding of slaves
for sale is, probably, the most immoral and debasing
practice ever known in the world. It is a crime of
the most hideous kind, and if there were no other
crime committed by the Americans, this alone would
place the advocates, supporters, and practisers of
American slavery in the lowest grade of criminals.
Seventlay. We ask you to use every exertion in
your power to procure the abolition of slavery by
the. Congress in the District of Columbia. .
Eight*. We ask you to use your best exertions to
compel the Congress to receive and read the peti
tions of the wretched negroes ; and, above all, the
petitions of their - white advocates.
Ninthly. We ask you . never to cease your efforts
until the crime of which Lord Mor'peth has accused
the Irish in America, of "being the worst enemies
of the men of color," shall be atoned for, and blotted
out and effaced forever.
You will ask how you can, do all these things I
You have already answered that question for your
selves, for you have said that public opinion is the
law of America. Contribute, then, each of you in
his sphere, to make up that public opinion. Where
you have the electoral franchise, give your vote to
none but those who will assist you in so holy a
struggle.
:Another Letter from Air. Vallauttigham.
The following letter was read at the. Democratic
meeting in Toledo, Ohio, on the sth. Anwillbe seen,
it is much more moderate in tone than. the vain ma.
!West) which Mr. Fallandigham proclaimed "to
the people bf Ohio," on reaching Niagara. He has
evidently learned something from late events for,
instead of assuming an attitude of defiance, he ap
pears to beg the question:
TABLE.ROOK HOUSE,
NIAGARA FALLS, C. W., July 31.
GENTLER - RN: Unable to attend your meeting of
the bth of August, in person, permit me to -address
you by letter, briefly. WaKe no part of your time
in personal defence to the candidates and speakers
of the Administration's party. I leave undisturbed
the brave and chivalrous work of assailing an oppo
nent absent because the tyrannio-power of the mas
ter, executed by military force, compels it The
great issue of the day ought not to be subordinated ,
to things merely personal, and I recommend' to my
friends generally, that they imitate the wise Romans,
and carry the war into Africa.
The Democracy of Lucas, postpohing all other
issues, and ignoring all dilferences of opinion in
regard to them, assemble, °lcons% to consider what
General Fremont, the candidate of the free speech
and free press Republican Tarty of 1856 i very aptly
styles the uppermost, question of the day, the ques
tion of their own constitutional rights and liber
ties. This is the practical issue In the Ohio cam
paign, forced by the'Fresident and his party upon•
the (people, and boldly met by the Democracy, in
their nominations y. and , alsodn-their:admirable plat
form' which, as a candidate,.l.- accept AB-their solemn
and deliberate confession of political faith, and
their pledge to the country that, they mean to
defend the rights asserted- in it with their lives,
their fortunes, and their sacred honors. Until these.
- shall have been made secure, it can be neither use
ful nor possible to discuss any other question not
directly connected with it..
Here is, indeed, just such a question, one second
only in importance to that of public liberty. The
union of the States is worth the whole world to the
American people, but liberty is-the soul of a people ;
and what shah it profit' us to-• gain the whole world.
and lose our own soul 1
The Constitution made the Union, and when the
war began it was proclaimed to be for the supremacy
of the ihmstitution and laws ; and whatever differ
ence of opinion there may have been, even then, as
to the mode'of securing it, every patriotic citizen of
the United States knew what the laws and the Con
stitution were.
But what do we see to-dayl- The opinion and
win from hour to hOur of theßresident—and such a
President !—is solemnly and officially proelaimed
superior to the Constitution and laws, even in the
Stales wholly loyal ;- so•that, upon the present po
licy of the Administration and its party, declared
Unchangeable, the South is be forced to the will
and .opinion of Abraham Lincoln,. instead of the
written fundamental statute and common law.
And, if we ourselves scorn to yield up our 'constitu
tional rights and liberties- to- this- monstrous de
mand, does any honorable man, any sane man, ask
or expect the States and people of the South to sur
render so long as a man survives to- strike a blow,
or a -woman to strengthen his heart or nerve his
Upon such a policy this war must and will be in
terminable. So many square miles may beoverrun,
eo much soil may be conquered, but the hearts of the
people never. How, then, stand the chances of the
Union measured by the two different policies of the -
Abolition and Democratic partieta
SThe partyof the Administration declares that the
tates and people of the South shall be forced to lay
down their arms and submit. What then? Confis
cation of. all property; emancipation of all slaves,
and the execution of all who, directly or indirectly,
Mire taken part in the rebellion—namely, nine-tenths
of the whale population, for a general. amnesty has
never, as yet, been so much as suggested by either
Congress or the ExedUtive, and unconstitutional
submission is now : ,the least which is' demanded,
though it would do more, not only for constitutional
liberty; but for the Union, than such men could ac
complish in &hundred years.
Ineed not repeat my often declared conviction,
which time has always vindicated, that the South
cannot be conquered by force of arms ;-but granting
for argument's sake, the effectual check . and waning
proportions of the rebellion, as proclaimed'now again
for the hundredth time, by the organs of the Admi
nistration, and that by the second Monday in Janu
ary next, all the armies of the. Confederates will
have been captured or, dispersed, and. their remain
ing five hundred thousand square miles of territory
overrun and occupied,. then' the hour for the pacifica
tion of the South and conciliation of her people Will
have arrived, which party will most readily be
hearkened,to by them'? Who, as Governor of Ohio,
will be the most efficient agent in that great and ar
duous task Your candidate, committed wholly to.
the restoration of the Union as it was,, or the candi
date of the Adicfnistration, pledged to a : policy. full,
upon the one -hand, of-continued exasperation and
hate, and on the other of insurrection and revenge.
Very momentous are these questions, for until
that shall have, been accomplished, there can be
neither Constitution nor - Union, and no security and.
no quiet in the land,nor can a single soldier- tell
their return to mother, or wife, or child, or home.
Reason together, then, men of Ohio, and judge
wisely who love your country and would , restore it
to its former peace, prosperity, and glory.. Continual
war and strife are the forbidden fruit of our political
Eden, and bear still the primal curse uttered intones
louder than the voice of the mighty cataract in
whose presence I now write : "In the day-that thou
eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.”
O. L. V ALLAN - DIG-1g AM.
TEE POLISH WAIL—The Psople's. Gaze' tia of ger•
lin,of the 20th, gives use Prussian view of the sno
otier'. Our contemporary says ".We do liot think
it likely that the Polishwar will be Postponed till
spring. If wes is to be waged it ehould be done
now, or all the advantages. to the Poles will be sa-
Mificed. Prance hal every kind of motive for not
allowing to escape the facilities which sire offered by
a war this autumn, a)2.4. for not waiting the dolibtrul
situation of the approaching spring. When were
member the facility.vvith which . France sends expe. ,
ditions intothemost distant countries, where neither,
its ,honor nor its interests are absolutely engaged,
we cannot say why she hesitates to make an expe
dition in ;Poland. An autumnal campaign would
have this advantage, that it would probably be very
short. At would be a localised war, commencinrin
Lithuania, but of , which the principal object would
he lathe , kingdom of Poland. This country would
be very quickly, delivered, and a peace , would be con-.
Eluded which would not essentially modify the map
Jed Europe. .On the other hand, a war, in the spring
would take moat_ wider , proportions; it would be a
grand war againit • Russia,' in which Atistria end`
fl oo l i( 1 1 told
._iwikreelscremain
THREE CENTS.
The Draft—The $3OO Exemption.
The following communication in the National In
lelligentzthas been regarded as a semi-official expo
sition of he grounds (upon which was founded the
decision rtgairding the $3OO exemption clause
To the Ettitcev , of the National Infelligencer
Gisrerfassrmiir: I find in your paper of July 31 an
opinion from Hon. Caleb Cushing, that under the
act of enrolling: and calling, out the national forces ,
"the payment; oi. the commutation money 31BH the
same effect, so far as regatta the personal responsi
bilities of a citizen enrolled and drafted,. and ascer
tained to be liable - try military duty, as the furnish
ing of a substitute' to' disclunge the party for the
three years of that draft."'
In your comments:introductory to the opinion you
say, with entire correctness; "that the preprint ruling
Of the Provost Mantel cannot be determMed as e
practical question, either judicially or otherwise,
until a second draft under the present enrolment
shall have been ordered ny the Predsient. not un
til then will an actual case arise."
As a correct judgment upon the question Is, how
ever, of great importance, both to the large number
of persons who may desire to avail themselves of
One or the other of these previsions and - to the Go
vernment, it is important that some reasons which
justify the decision of the Pro7ost•Blaralral. General
should be given to the public.
I t is, undoubtedly, a sound rule orconstruction a that
where the language of a statutsila- doubtful units
meaning, that construction should be adopted which.
wit best carry out the object or purposeof the-statute
and the intention of the Legislature ;.and that ob
ject or intention is to be ascertained, if possible; by
considering the whole statute.
The object of this statute is to procuremen for the
army, not to raise or procure money. With this ob
ject in view, and applying this rule, we shall be-in
evitably led to the conclusion that a distinction
should be made between the payment of commuta
tion money and the fulnishing of a subetitute. If,
by procuring a substitute, a man secures exemption
from, military service for three years, while by pay
ing the commutation money he only releaseehimaelf
from his obligation to respond to that call; remain
ing still liable to future calla, he will moat clearly
prefer to do the former, and the object of the statute
will be promoted.
Again, it is a sound rule of construction" that the
natural import of the words of any legislative '
act,
according to the common use of them, when applied
to the subject-matter of the act, is to be considered as
expressing the intention of the Legislature." Now,
the natural import of the words oreeetion IS; "shall
be discharged from further liability under that draft,'
certainly is not that he shall be released fromliability,
not only under Mat draft, but under any other draft,
for three years. It is nowhere suggested that the
meaning' or natural import of these words, - as they
stand, extends to other drafts, or that any doubt
would arise upon them. It is only by resorting to
another section (the 17th), that a reason is thought to
be found for. saying what in effect comes tb this, that
the words " discharged from further liability under
that draft" mean "discharged from further liability
under that or any other made within three years." It
is certain that neither of these expressions is the
plain and natural import of the other.
Again, the first section of the statute declares that
certain persona shall constitute the national forces,
and "shall be liable to perform military duty iu the
service of the United States when called out by the
President for that purpose..
The ninth section provides for the enrolment of all
such persons, and the tenth section enacts "that all
persons thus enrolled shall be subject for two years
after the first day of July succeeding the enrolment,
to be, called into the military service of the United
`States, and to continue in service during the present
rebellion, not, however, exceeding the term of three
years," &c.
These provisions of the statute impose upon cer
tain persons a liability to he called upon for two
years to render military service for three years.
This is the general liability of all persons properly
enrolled under the statute. But when the President
calls a part of the national forces into military ser
vice, this general liability under the statute is, under
the draft, changed, as to some persons, into a special
and actual liability to render military service for
ape years from that time. The twelfth section pro
vides for making the draft, and for notifying the per
sons drafted to appear and report for duly. The thir
teenth section has express reference to duties created
by the twelfth, and provides two modes in which a
person drafted and notified to appear, under the pre
vious section, may discharge himself from the obliga
tion to appear and report for duty thus created, and
from the liability to be deemed a deserter for failing
toy do so.
The subject. matter of the section is the liability of
the drafted man, created by the preceding section,
to appear and report for dutv ; and the natural import
of the words " discharged from further liability un
der that draft," when taken in connection with the
subject.matter, would clearly seem to be that he is
discharged from the obligation to appear and report
for duty, and from the liability to be deemed a de
serter for failing to do so.
It is true that thus far the man paying the com
mutation money and the one furnishing the sub
stitute stand on the same Sooting; they are both
alike simply discharged from their liability under
that draft. .
But the seventeenth section, for the purpose, it
teems reasonable to conclude, of promoting the ob
ject of the law, viz :to procure men, takes up the
case of one who shall furnish an acceptable substi
tute, and provides that-he " shall receive from the
Board of Enrolment a certificate of discharge from
such draft, which will exempt him from military
duty during the time for which he was drafted."
Suppose this provision of the seventeenth section
had been incorporated into the fourteenth, and it
had read, "And thereupon such person furnishing
the substitute, or paying the money, shall be dis
charged from further liability under thedraft, and
any person who shall furnish an acceptable substi
tute shall thereupon receive from the Board of En
rolment a certificate of discharge from such draft,
which shall exempt him from military duty during
the time for which he was drafted.' Could any
one, then ' have doubted that a distinction was made
between the two oases, or that the word" shall
exempt him from military duty during the time for
which he was drafted," meant something different
from the words "shall be discharged from further
liability under that draft 'I"
That the object of this section is to secure substi
tutes seems certain, from the further provision that
the "substitute shall be entitled to the same pay
and allowances provided by law, as if he had been
originally drafted into the service of the United
States," which, by the eleventh section; includes
advance pay and bounty. This provision offers an
inducement to men to become substitutes, while
under the construction contended for, the other pre
vision offers an inducement to men to procure sub
stitutes. The object of the law is advanced by
offering to both of the parties to a contract a bounty
for entering into it.
It is suggested that the reason why a certificate is
to be given to the man who furnishes a substitute,
and not to the one paying commutation money, is,
that "the receipt of theperson receiving the money
is the appropriate documentary evidence of the
party paying it." But the statute makes no pro
vision- that 'he -shall receive such a receipt,
and it would seem that if either case under
the construction which places the parkies
the same footing, stood in needy of a statur
tory provision to secure "the appropriate docu
mentary evidence," it would not be the case where,
as in furnishing a substitute, the transaction is di- '
redly between the person himself and the Board of.
Enrolment, where it is necessary for the fact to be
known, and the records of -which would naturally
preserve the evidence of the transactions, butthe
case where, as in paying commutation money, the
transaction is between the person and - a third party,
and consequently does not come within the official
cognizance of the Board, and may notbe within the
personal knowledge of either of its members.
A better reason for giving a certificate in - one`
case, and not. in the other, seems to be, that in the
case of paying the commutation money, the evidence
is important only at thattime, under that draft, and
before that Board, while in the case of furnishing a
substitute; the party may need the evidence at any
time for three years under succeeding drafts, and
after two years before another Beard of Enrolment,
and if he has changed hie residenceyin any part of
the country where he happens to reside. S.
Outrages on Southern " CLuakers.”
The leading particulars of one of the most re
markable events in this war have just been commu
nicated tome. You know that many of the Society
of Friends have long resided in North Carolina, and
that a fundamental article of their faith is a refusal
to take up arms under any circumstances whatever.
In the early stages of the rebellion the rebel powers
of North Carolina, well knowing their peaceful
principles, permitted them to pass unmolested,
though known to be unconditional Union men. But
as time went on disaster to the rebellion succeeded
to disaster, men were captured, killed, or disabled
to so fearful an extent that every one out of the army
must be brought into it.
Early this year the conscription fell upon the
Friends. In one neighborhood some twelve of them
were drafted. In accordance with thOir well-known
principles, they refused to join the army. But
everywhere the reign of terror prevailed, and they
were forced into- the Tanks. Here muskets were
given to them, but every man of them refused even
to touch the weapons. Every conceivable insult
and outrage was, heaped upon then ; therwere tied
up, starved, and whipped. Still they remained firm
to their conscientious convictions, and refused to
tight. Finally, the muskets were actually strapped
to their bodies.
One of these Friends was singled out as especially
obnoxious, and was whipped unmercifully. The
officer in charge was lawless and brutal, and on one
occasion ordered him to be shot, as an example'to
others. He called out a file of men to shoot him.
While bie executioners were drawn up before. him,
standing within twelve feet of 'Weir victim, the lat
ter, raising his eyes to heaven, and elevating his
hands, cried out in a loud voice: "Father, forgive
them, they know not what they do." Instantly
came the order to fire. But, instead of obeying it,
the men dropped their muskets and refused, de
claring that they could not kill such a man.
This refusal so enraged the officer that he knocked
bis victim down in the road, and then strove re
peatedly to trample hint to death under his horse's
feet. But the animal persistently refused to even
step over his prostrate body. In the end, they were
marched with the rebel army to Gettysburg. In
that battle, they remained entirely passive, fired no
shot, and in God alone trusted for preservation. - Very
early in the action, the officer referred to was killed.
The Friends, all unhurt, were taken prisoners and
sent to Fbrt Delaware. Here, by accident, it be
mune known in ibis city that several 'Friends were
among the captured, and two members of the society
dent down to inquire into the circumstances, but
they were refused permission to see them. They
went immediately to Washington, and there obtain
ed an order for their discharge, conditioned on their
taking an affirmation of their allegiance. This
opened the prison door. The of made,
these martyrs for conecienee sake were released,
and are now here. It is probable that a more mi
nute and accurate narrative of this ease will he 'dre
pared by some:of the Society.—Phita. cor. N. Y. Tri
bune.
GENERAL LLATlL—Correspondence from Havana
gives us full accounts of the death of the Mexican
General LaLtave, distinguished at Puebla. The Ha
vanajournals relate that hehad had an interview in
Guanajuato with Doblado, and next day set out for -
San Luis. He was accompanied by Gonzalez Orto.
ga, and Doblado had given them an escort of twelve
men, Corninanded.by a lieutenant and corporal. As
the officer feared his men might desert, he went-be
hind him with three lancers, at some distance from
the travellers. On the other side of "Quenuala,”
Ortega, who carried 500 ounces ($8.000) In hlepock
ets, complained of the weight, and Idave Waded to
lake care of the money. In handing the paskage to
his companion, Ortega let the money, drop. The gold
rang on the stony road, and some ounces rolled tl3-
tween the horses' legs.
The corporal, who. had al
ready' tried to persuade his people to desert, made
the soldiers halt, talked with them androde forward
at a gallop. Llave had gone on, but suddenly fell,
wounded by a bullet in the spine. nai.lived but two
days.. The official paper of San Lille says :
,ev o t er day, General Patone, and 801110 , others,
who left on Sunday to meet Gen, Llave,„ returned.
They met him at San Bartolo, carried In a litter
which had been prepared at San Felipe. With won
derful strength, and presence of mind, considering his
wound and the hardships of the. road, he received
the persona.h went to - meet him, and desired to
speak with them. It scents that the stoppage of the
bullet between the _vertebra fprevented injury to his
heart" and lungs, and, so death was not instanta
neous, but the spine was seriously injured, and the
resultfital. The murderers succeeded in gaining
the Mountains with 400 ounces, but the robbery
proves what was the , motive for the revolt of the
escort, and comyrquently no blame can attach to Don
Manuel 'Dobiadc."
-VAIL MiDINRAIE TURNED OLVD DOORS.—The 13uf•
falo Commercial Advertiser slays : " We learn that the
proprietors of the Clifton House, :Janada, recently
gave Mr. Vallandigluvn , notice /to quit—circum
stances having rendera the apace. occupied by that
riot,otious individual preferable toihis company.
THE a Pre,
(PUBLISHED :WEEKLY. )
THE WAS' Pitass will - be sent to subscribers by.
mall (per annum In advance) at. .... .... gm
Three copies " oPor
rtvicopies "
REV
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rate, 81.50 per copy.
The.MOliejl flattel aitOarig ciecompermr the order, assn
no instances cafe these term be eleetata from, til
rhirt.afford 'ocni W le ntore than the eoet of the Da v e y
air
.Postmaaters are invested to let as Affent'a for
Tan Virs.lt Pass&
10- To the getter-up of tleClab of ten or twenty. 03
extra ropy of the Paper will let then.
PENNSYLYLMA.
A GREAT NATIOANAL OEMETEEV:"=A en&
beautiful idea has been conceived by our patriotic'
citizens since the great battles or thelkt; 2d. antral.
It is the proposition to establish a Watitinal Ceme
tery upon the battlefield, and gatlire into if the
bodies of our heroes from all the States, who fell
fighting for Liberty and Law on the bfrody fielMor
Getty oburg. There has been two sites selected for'
this object, and contracts entered into with the
owners for the purchase of the land st $2OO per acre.
Which one of the two will be chosen hasmot yet
been fully determined. The one is the high pound
east of the Baltimore pike and immediately opposite'
Evergreen. Cemetery. The other is the grour.trad
joining the cemetery on the south-weat,. am: , the
very spot where the enemy repeatedly attempted
to turn what is known an the left centre of •
our line. and faired with ouch immense stetughtzl".
The first location, from Ito elevated position. would •
seem, to be the most desirable spot of tie two".
linen this eminence you command a full view or
almost the entire battlefield. The other is not scr
prominent, but has advantages which seem to point
to it as the more appropriate spot. Being more se
cluded, besides a thickly wooded grove, and upon
the very ground where the hardest fighting occurred,
and where the tide of battle wan turned in our fa
vor, and a glorious victory secured. Both location
are admirably adapted for tbe purpose. The plan
has not been fally matured, but we conceive it to
be this : In order to secure the success of this noble
work, it is suggested that the people of the States
to which the heroeswho are buried at Gettysburg
belong, contribute to defray the expense of the en
terprise, and that Pennsylvania take the lead to se
cure RieeeB9.
The Governors of all the loyal States have been
telegraphed to on the subject, and, so far as heard
from, a favorable response has been received. Eight
States have already united with Pennsylvania in
this noble work. The grounds will be laid off, and
each State assigned a separate department. into
this will be gathered the bodies of the fallen from
the respective States. They will be decently in
terred, and. their graves marked with a headstone
and inscription. A list and directory will be pre
pared Jog the benefit of visitors, and those who may
come to seek after their friends. Another depart
ment will be assigned to those who cannot be re
cognized as belonging to any particular State, and
whose names may be unknown. These will be
gathered into one enclosure, and an appropriate
monument erected over their remains.
We heartily commend this enterprise to the con
sideration of the patriotic people of the Union. The
men who Yell at Gettysburg will need no monument
to commemorate their valor. Like the Spartans
who fought at Thermopylm, those who struggled at
Gettysburg, in the cause of liberty, will be remem
bered while liberty haira friend on earth. But we
owe it to future generations that we in some way
prove ourgratitude to the dead, and show that those
who survived to reap the reward of the victory at
Gettysburg, were not unmindful of what was due
to their brethren end fellow. citizens who fell-in
that fight. While this object is invested with its
present interest, we trust, at least, that the con
ductors of the press of Pennsylvania will give It
tbeir hearty support, and that the people will not
rest satisfied until all who fell at Gettysburg, and
whose bones are still scattered over and bleaching
on that vast battle• field, are gathered into one en
closure, over which shall rise a monument as proud
as their deeds, to commemorate their valor and to
point es a signal to the' blessed abode of the heroes
in heaven.—Geuystrure &vine/.
Tian PEOPLE OF GIVITTSBURia have been basely
slandered by the correspondent of the Neu , York
Times, as every visitor to the place can testify. We
were at Gettysburg soon after the battle, and we
positively know that all the public buildings were
used as hospitals, and we:observed in passing along
the streets many of the private houses were occu
pied by our wounded men. Nearly all the stores
were given up for the use of the Christian and Sani
tary Commission. The ladies, and many of the busi
ness lien, devoted their entire time, and labored
night and day for the wounded, who were to be seen
in lawyers' and doctors' offices, on beds, on sofas, on
tailors' tables, and in front parlors of the best
houses. The good people of this devoted town have
not only had the horrors of a great battle in their
midst, but also the task, which they have nobly ful
filled, of ministering and feeding hundreds of our
wounded, as well as those of the enemy.—Bradford
Argus.
THE OBOES IN thr.tort Coux-ry.—The wheat, rye,
and grass crops have generally been cut and safely
housed throughout.the county. The crops of wheat
and rye are considered about an average with former
years, while the yield of grass is much lighter than
usual, and, it is expected, will command a high
price during the approaching winter. We.already
bear of small quantities of hay being sold out of the
meadows as high as twelve dollars per ton. The
oats, in some sections, have been cut, and the yield,
we understand, will be good: The corn is not so
promising as it should be, and fears are entertained
that the yield will be light. Of buckwheat and po
tatoes we are unable to speak, further than to say
that large amounts have been put in the ground,
and, if the yield should prove at all favorable, we
will have au abundant supply.
NEW YORK.
A Riot in the Old Thne—The Doctors! Mob.
Hon. William A. Duer, in a recent address before
the St. Nicholas Society, of New York, gave an ac
count of what was called "The Doctors' Mob," a
riot which took place in New York during the latter
part of the last century :
The riot was provoked by the reckless and wanton
imprudence of some young surgeons at the hospital,
who, from one of the upper windows, exhibited the
dissected arm of a "subject" to ensue boys who
Were at play on the green below. IJQIIne of them,
whose curiosity was thus excited, mollated upon a
ladder used for some repairs, and as he reached the
window, was told by one of the doctors to look "at
his mother's arm." It happened, unfortunately,
that the boy's mother had recently died, and the hor
ror which had now taken the place of his curiosity,
induced him to run to his father, who' was at work
as a mason at a building in Broadway, with the in
formation of what he had seen and heard.
Upon receiving the intelligence the father re
paired to the wife's grave, knd, upon opening it,
found that the body had been removed. He returned_
forthwith to the place where he had been at work,
and informed his fellow-laborers of the circum
stances. Their indignation and horror at the reve
lation were nearly equal to his own. Armed with
the toss of their trade, they marched in a body to
the hospital, gathering recruits by the way in num
bers amounting to a formidable mob. The doctors,
in the meantime, had taken the alarm and decamped.
The theatre of their operations, however, was ran
sacked. and, several sutaeets, in various states- of
mutilation, were discovered: Driven to- frenzy by
the spectacle, the mob issued forth in pursuit of the
doctors, who, had they fallen into the hands of the
enraged multitude, would speedily have been made
"subjects" of themselves. They had the good for
tune, however, to elude the search, though some of
them escaped by the breadth of a hair.
The obnoxious Dr. Hicks 'fled in the first instance
to Dr.-Cochran's, nearly opposite Trinity Church,
relying for protection upon the general respect in
which Dr. Cochran was held, and that, from his.
-having relinquished practice, his house would es
cape search. But the mob bad an intimation of
Hicks' retreat, and searched the house from cellar
to garret without success. They even opened the
scuttle and looked out upon the roof, without per
the doctor, who lay "perdue" behind the
chimney of the next house, suffering, probably; under
a more violent sudorific than he ever ventured to
administer-to a patient. The physicians took, re
fuge in thejail, and the militia were ordered out to
protect them and to quell the riot Thin was not •
effected without a specimen of civil war in the
streets, which, had the mob been acquainted with
the modern art of eoff-tructing barricades, might
have proved more serious and of longer continuance.
As it was, it lasted for three or four days, during
which the city may be said to have been in. a- state
of siege.
Never shall I forget the charge I saw_raade upon a
body of the rioters by Stakes' light horse. From
our residence, opposite St. Paul's, I- first perceived
the troop, as rt debotiched from Fair (now Fulton).
street, and attaeked the masses collected at the en
trance of the "Fields," Whence they were soon
scattered, some of them retreating into the church
yard, driven award-in-hand through the portico by
troopers striking right and left with the backs of
their sabres. The rioters had received a-temporary
check, but were by nb meads subfted. Apprised of
the retreat of the doctors, they rallied and advanced
to attack the jail ; but the militia arrived there be
fore them, and were drawn up to defend it, with
loaded muskets and fixed bayonets.
The governor, the mayor, the recorder, and other
city' magistrates, were also on the ground, with
many of , the principal citizens, who repaired. to the
of the civil authorities. Some of them
were .severely wounded by missiles from the mob.
Mr. Jay received a serious- wound in the head. The
Baron de Steuben was struck by a stone- which
knocked ham down, inflicted a flesh wound upon his.
forehead, and wrought a sudden change in the com
passionate feelings he had , previously entertained
toward th mob. At the moment of receiVing it he was
earnestly remonstrating with the governon against'
ordering the militia to fire on the people; but as
he Wee struck, the baron's benevolence de se rted'him,
and, sa he fell, he lustily cried out, "Fire,. Governor!'
fire!"
THE FREEDMAN'S INQUIET COILMISSION.—The
Anti- Slavery Standard alludes to the erroneous siippo—
Bitten that the report of the American Freedman's.
Inquiry Commission is the final report, andexpleins.
that it is but a preliminary one,'and relates only to
those parts of the field which have either been per
sonally visited by the Commission, er from watch
elaborate depositions have been received—the Dis
trict of Columbia, Eastern. Virginia, North Garo
nne, South Carolina, and. Florida. • This report,
however, is not the first which has been submitted
to the Seerettity of War, the Commissionhaving at
various times, either versonally : or by letter, present
ed their - views 'es the,beoretary in relation to-the con
dition of things in The special fields visited by them.
They new propose, we understand, revisit the Weat
and Southwest, and examine intothe condition of the
freedmen in those. sections- of the country. They
have opened a correspondence with many gentlemen
in this country and in. foreign lands, interested in
this ontessit, nom- whom. it is expected much ye.
luableinfortr atiomwill. be obtained; and a gentle
man of Philadelphia, - who has made the condition
and characteristiaeof the black race a specialty, has
placed his largo and valuable library at their dia.
posah, that- they may have at their command the
mosauthente and reliable facts, gathered by pre
vione investigators in the same field. We feel con
fident that when their, report is presented to the
public- it wile prove to- be -an eminently practical.
one, based en observed facts, and will give great
weight and value to whatever. recommendations
nay may be called upon to make.
CouaD Pnuslorry.—The following in the New
- Fraskfost Gazeas, on the demand for divorce which
the Count Persigny hasiodged with the Paris tribu
nal, is 'a singular illustration of high life in France :
The lady,. a granddaughter of Marshal Prey, has
for some time past been very eccentric; but that
Which led to a format rupture was a scandalous
Here in the .Tardin. Mabille, that ill-famed dancing
resort of.grisettea and lorettes. Thither she went
one evening, quite alone, in order to be on the look
out for her (how shall we call hinay -friend, the
frivolous Duke of Granamont Caderousse, whom
ebe suspected of (how shall we call itl) faithlesaneas
towards herself. And, indeed, there she found him
arm-in-arm with some female person, and before all
those, present she gave him a boa on the ear !. The
Duke de eaderousse, however, who, with all his.
frivolousness, understands manners, offered her his
arm, as though nothing had occurred, and town
ducted her to her carriage. The publicity of this
occurrence has forced the husband, who has given
already too many proofs of good.natprednese, to
loege a judicial demand for separation. On the 15th
July the Paris,tribunal gave sentence, ordering that
the facts which Uount Persigny adduces be proved
by evidence. •
GOVERNOR PIER£ONT ARRESTED.—We under
stand that ex-Judge Thompson, who, it appears,-is
lying inyvait over in Ohio for such purposes, caused
Governor Pierpont to be arrested, on last Monday
night, at Bridgeport, on a warrant issued from St:
Clairsville, alleging false imprisonment, and laying
damages at ten thousand dollars. The warrant was
directed against Governor Pierpont and Colonel.
Darr, both of whom the ex.judge intends to gobble
up and annoy, we presume, as frequently and as
much as possible in the future. Of course, aiw. P.
gave immediate bail for his appearance te, answer
the warrant, and proceeded on his way to 'Mailing
ton.—Wheeling Intelligences.
Si:max.—The Mineral Taint Tribune (of Wiecon
sin) saps: . "Two flocks of sheep, one of 1,100, the
other j; 00 t passed throuoix
thit plek"Cq lag week oil
thetheir way to Minnegota,, ,T - .