The press. (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1857-1880, July 09, 1863, Image 2

THURSDAY, JULY 9, 1863.
the situation.
Fate seems to have decreed that from that
event, -which the enemy trusted would es
tablish Southern-Independence,-we should
date National triumph, The Invasion of
Pennsylvania, dreaded by the North as an
evil wholly without compensation,* has
proved to be a good far greater than we had
any reason to expect. The harm wrought
by the rebel army in our State is trivial in
itself, and, measured by the triumph achieved
by us, is absolutely unimportant. It is true
that in the battles of the Ist, 2d, and 8d of
■July, we lost thousands of our bravest
countrymen, and that in every loyal State
exultation in victoiy and sorrow for the
noble dead arc wedded; yet, we have
learned by the sternest experience that it is*
not for the death of her dearest sons that
America has the bitterest reason to mourn.
“I lay down my life willingly,” said Gen.
Stephen Weed, who fell at Gettysburg.
“ I only hope its close will be the dawn of
successive victories to our arms, and a
speedy end to this terrible war. ” The
spirit of these dying words animates the
nation, and though in other battles men
have shuddered at the immense loss of life
which brought no direct good to the coun
try, no' one can think’thit the heroes
of Gettysburg ; perished there in vain.
For,' beyond doubt, the rebellion has re-,
ceived a terrible blow. Our latest advices
confirm the report that Lee is flying as fast
as he dares, before our victorious army.
His* troops may not be demoralized, but
their spirit is broken. The path of the de
feated army is strewn with rain—cannon
spiked, provision wagons destroyed, wound
ed and weary men. General Sedgwick
hangs upon its rear, and Pleasanton em
barrasses its march.*, It is perfectly clear
that General Meade has the power to force
Lee to fight at a disadvantage, and though
we discredit the report that a battle has been
fonght at 'Williamsport, we believe that the
enemy will be compelled to fight before the
expiration of the week, on this side of the
Potomac. From all points our troops are
hurrying forward, and the rebel army, now
believed to be between South Mountain and
Hagerstown, must be overtaken. Though
the heavy rains will retard our speed, yet to
Lee they are more unwelcome than to
Meade; if they delay our pursuit, they
equally impede their flight, and swell the
treacherous torrent of the Potomac, which
the rebel commander must bitterly regret he
crossed. With the war in the Bast we have
every reason to be satisfied.
The surrender of Vicksburg justifies Gen.
Grant in his refusal to take the city by
storm, for it is plain that the efficient cause
of surrender was the exhaustion of the am
munition of the garrison. Gen. Grant, in
his official despatch announcing the capture
of the stronghold, indicates that new move
ments of his forces will be speedily made.
The results of this great victory, tqo, are
mighty for exact prediction, but we know that
the restoration of the United States authority
over all the West will be the ultimate con
■ elusion, and that the immediate advantages,
can hardly be overrated. This event, more
than any other of the war, proves the inhe
' rent weakness of the rebellion, and, with
the defeat of Lee, must make European in
terference so plainly an international out
rage, that it will be a political impossibility.
The attack upon Helena, Arkansas, by a
rebel force 6f nine thousand men, is of
merely incidental importance, and its re
pulße by the national troops, under General
increases the improbability that
-Johnston menaces Memphis. While Grant
beleaguered Vicksburg, the theory that the
enemy would endeavor to occupy Northern.
Mississippi had some plausibility, but tbe
capture of Vicksburg enables Gen. Grant
to thwart any plan,- save one of retreat and
concentration, which Johnston may at-'
‘ tempt to execute.
The Beginning ot‘ the End.
We wfere not among those who credited
the statement that Mr. A. H. Stephens
had made application for an interview with
the President of the United States. It found
its way into the newspapers at a time when
such stories were eagerly desired by the peo
ple. They were in the temper to exult over
every evidence of concession or submission
from the men who are now prolonging the
war; and the manner in which it was
discussed by the people shows how care
fully they are watching every sign that
suggests peace, or looks to - a termi
nation of the war. In these many cam
paigns we have no other object than
to gain a peace, when it can be conquered
With honor. Every victory is not merely
the shedding of blood, but one step nearer
a triumphant close of the war. The
leaders of the rebelligm might honorably
have made peace at any time since the fail
of Sumpter, for it has been the constant
care of the Administration to keep the door!
open that they might return. The people: of
the country love their nationality so dearly,
they are so anxious to maintain the Union
intact and powerful, that at no time would
they have allowed a just desire for retribu
tion or punishment to destroy the hopeof
reunion and paace. The dread of the South
ern people accepting such an-offer has al
ways been shown by the leaders of the re
bellion, and, accordingly, we have seen their
policy to he one of misrepresentation, exaspe
ration, and anger. Although generations had'
been devoted to the work of educating the
South into a hatred of the Northern cus- i
toms and the Northern people, they still I
found it necessary to exhaust the language to
find words of calumny and reproach. We
have heard Jefferson Davis, himself, de
scend to speak of the Northern people as
hyenas; and the model gentleman of their
chivalry, Bobbrt E. Lee, could see no
thing in the great army that met him at
Chancellorville but contractors and fanatics,
and slaves. ]
So long as the people of the South are
under the thraldom that the instinct of
safety and life compels the leaders of the
rebellion to impose, we can hope for no I
overture of reconciliation. We therefore
welcome the recent victories as evidences
that this thraldom will soon’cease. The
men who were bold enough to precipitate
the cotton States into a revolution hold'
possession of their military, organization,
and by the usual and extraordinary ways of
war, an audacity that in times of danger
and excitement may be mistaken for patriot
ism, and a bravery that is stimulated by the
thought that , death on the scaffold will be
the alternative of death in the field, they have
ruled these States and wielded tljeir resources
with the power of one .man. . Every dis
aster to the Union arms only added to their
terrible power; and now that we record a
succession of great defeats, we may look for
its fall. The South, or rather that part of
•the South consisting of armed men and
■called the rebellion, cannot long survive
disasters like those of Vicksburg and Get
tysburg. History does not show such ex
hibitions .<JF: courage and patience and
power. The weak aud weary Army of the
Potomac was thrown against Lee’s exult
ing host, and the conqueror at Chancellor
ville is, perhaps, a fugitive at Williamsport.
In the Southwest, "jap have divided the Con-,
federacy ; in the JPcst, we have driven
Bragg from his ldtg lines of embattle
ments. Victory is everywhere, and behind
the glory of present triumphs we see
peace.
_!■ T he Hanger and its lesson.
In late Southern papers that have reached*
us, we find a number of articles in reference
to the presentinvasion, which are significant,
as showing what were the plans and expec
tations of General Lee. He came upon U 3
with the intention of burning, pillaging, and
laying waste. It was to be the inaugura
tion of a retaliatory policy; anil no regard
was to be paid to the rules of civilized war
fare, or. to instincts of justice and humanity,
Impressed with the idea that Lee would not
encounter any formidable opposition from
the Army, of the Potomac, but could march
direct to Philadelphia if he chose, the Rich
mond Enquirer lately said : “ There is no
objection to our army setting fire to the four
corners of Philadelphia, or of Cincinnati,
making an uninhabited desert of Pennsyl
vania or Ohio, or both, as the French did
when they burned the Palatinate. They
never had.such need, never such provoca
tion, as we. have. Petty larceny is. not the
forte of the Confederate soldiers, but an,act
of stem and fierce retribution, sweeping o ver
a guilty land like a judgtheht of God, might
suit them well.” The Richmond Whig, equal
ly extravagant, disposed of the fate of the
Northern people in, the following ferocious
sentence: “If General Lee gets Yankee
clom fairly on the rack, he should not stay
his hand till every sinew in its monstrous
carcass is snapped, and every hone broken.”
The Whig little imagined that in uttering
these confident words it was foreshadowing
the destiny of the rebellion, in language
'fearfully-prophetic. And the Savannah Be r
publican, of June 26, gravely expressed, the
opinion that “An eye for an eye, and a
toolli for a tooth, excepting their diaboli
cal crimes and villainies, is our only guaran
tee against continued outrage and perpetual
war.”
These, arc liot exceptional extracts. "Al
though among the most striking aud bitter
we have seen, they truthfully indicate the
tone of the entire press of* the South, with
scarcely an exception. They represent the
sentiments of the mass of the Southern peo
ple, as well as their hopes, and while we re
joice that these sentiments have been disap
pointed, and these hopes have not been ful
filled, we cannot but rejoice also that we
have escaped a great danger. But for the gal
lant Army of the Potomac, under the skilful
guidance of-its new commander, Philadel
phia might now he, a heap of smouldering
ruins, and the rebel flag might be floatiiig
from our capital. Because our experience
has not been so dreadful as our ene nies
hoped to make it, and as we feared it might
he, we should not, therefore, discard its ad
monitions. We have been taught an in
valuable lesson, which should be our safety
in the future, as it has been our peril in the.
past. We did not so much escape the fire
and the sword because we were strong, as
because our enemy was weak. Until lie is
totally annihilated/each reverse he suffers
will but serye to make him more desperate ;
and at the moment when we imagine he is
in the greatest extremity, we may find him
suddenly reinforced from the routed columns
of Bragg in Tennessee, or from Johnston’s
army in the Southwest, and prepared again
to confront us with a formidable force. We
do not think that such will be the case; but
we should never count upon the presumed
weakness of the enemy as our chief element
of strength; nor regard ourselves pro*
tected against the possibility of invasion
until we have organized some permanent
system of defence.
Colored Troops.
The colored men of Philadelphia, at a
mass meeting on Monday night, pledged
themselves to complete the regiment of
three-years men, now forming at Camp
William Penn, within ten days. With so
large a negro population as ours, this should
easily he effected, especially as the regiment
is half full already ; and the redemption of
their pledge will do inore to encourage their
friends and silence the cavils of their ene
mies than any amount of agitation and de
clamation.
It is of the utmost ‘ importance that
whatever colored troops can he had
should he raised immediately, and sent
forward as soon as they can be tolerably
drilled and disciplined. Our armies in the
South have hitherto been 1 blessed with an
immunity from disease thatfis a subject of
unmixed thankfulness, but we cannot rea
sonably look forward to a continuance of
such exemption'. The affections peculiar to
the climate, which most seriously affect the
white man, are precisely those which' the
negro constitution can escape with im
punity, while, on the other hand, the dele
terious influences of . the Northern atmos
phere are more fatal to the latter. A large
force of colored troops, to occupy the terri
tory wrested from the rebels, would, there
fore, save our gallant armies from the chances
of pestilence, while the colored men would
find themselves in a climate more congenial
to their tropical natures.
Surgeon General Hammond, in his new
work on Military Hygiene, presents statis
tics from the armies of England, France,
and Denmark, showing that the mortality
from pulmonary affections is considerably
greater among colored than among white
troops ; while the records of our recent ex
perience with negro soldiers manifest that
they enjoy, to a wonderful degree, exemp
tion from malarious diseases—-the most fatal
class in the regions where our armies are
now operating. No less than 10.81) per
cent, of our white troops, scattered over the
whole country, suffered from diseases of
malarious origin, while the colored regi
ments were affected in the incredibly small
proportion of only 0.80 per cent., though
confined to the districts where such influ
ences are most prevalent and most fatal.
This peculiarity of, constitution renders the
negro an invaluable auxiliary in a war such
as the present, and it is therefore the duty
of all who are interested-in this matter, or
who can aid it in any manner, to use their
best exertions in raising men and money
with the shortest possible delay.
Trouble in Belgium.
Belgium is a little Kingdom, of a peculiar
character. Its industry has obtained for it
the sobriquet of “ The bee-hive of Europe.”'
Its sagacious ruler lias governed with great
success for over thirty years.-. According to
the rule ; that difficulties will, occur in the
best-regulated families, there is every now
and then a ministerial crisis in Belgium
equivalent, in its small way, 1 to “a tempest
in a., slop-basin.” Then King Leopold
comes forward and says “ My good friends,
if you do not like me, say so, and I will at
once pack up my portmanteau and retire to
England. I do not wantto he your King an
hour longer than you all desire it. ” Where
upon, the Belgians, who know the value of
the ruler whose sagacity has made them
what they are, throw up their liats, shout,
and entreat Leopold to remain with them,
and—so ends the trouble ! There is a little
difficulty now. The Rogier Ministry is un
popular, and the results of the recent Bel
gian election take nine votes from the - mi
misterial side, leaving it only a majority of
six in each House of Parliament. M.
Charles Rogier, the Prime Minister, is
among the members not re-elected, but
has determined to carry on the Govern
ment until the Chambers meet, in Novem
ber. - He is opposed by the Catholic party,
fin fact, by the clergy,) and if trouble
should arise, after the session commences,
King Leopold, as usual, will probably play
his old part, threaten to abdicate, and end
all by nominating a new Coalition Ministry.
New Napoleonic Policy.
Pacts are remarkably significant., The
fact that most of the Paris and a few of the'
provincial elections have gone against the
Emperor of the French, or rather against
his Ministers, would appear to have had due
effect upon the Imperial mind. There are
rumors, at least, that Napoleon has made
up his mind to adopt a more liberal policy,
the main points of which will be Liberty of
the Press, the right of free, debate in the
Legislature, and the responsibility of :tlie
Ministry; These few but important points
settled to the satisfaction of the French
people, the prospects of the Napolccn ‘dy
nasty will be more assured than they have
been for some time.
The ItateJArehbishop 'Kenrlclc.
The Right Rev. Dr.\ Francis Patrick
Kenrick, Archbishop of Baltimore, died in
that city yesterday forenoon, in iris sixty-*
sixth year. A native of Dublin, he was
educated there, and after studying -for six
years in Rome, he was there ordained a
clergyman of the Catholic Church, at the
age of twenty-four, and then ■ proceeded to
tho United States, to take charge, on the
recommendation of-the officers of the. Pro-,
paganda, of a newly-established ecclesiasti
cal seminary in Kentucky. Here he ’ re
mained nine years,* occasionally performing
missionary duties; and defending the doc
trines of Ms Church,-with great polemical
and literary skill. ..In Juno, 1880, at the
unusually early age of thirty-two years and
six months, he was consecrated Bishop of
Arath, in partibus infidelium , and coadj utor
to Dr. Con wet, i., Bishop of Philadel
phia ; and on the death of that divine,
in 1842, became his successor. The anti-
Catholic riots of 1845 occurred during his
episcopate, and he exerted himself greatly
to soothe the irritated feelings of his peo
ple. He founded the theological college of"
;St*. Charles Borromeo, in this’ city, and in
1849 introduced into his diocese the Sisters
,of the Good Shepherd, who devote them
selves to the care of Magdalen Asylums.
He was translated to the archiepiscopate of
Baltimore -•in 1851, on the death of Arch
bishop Eccleston, and the Pope named
him “ Apostolic Delegate” to preside over
the first plenary council of the United States,
convened in Baltimore in May,..1852, and
the Pope conferred. upon him and his suc
cessors, in 1859, the “primacy of honor,”
which gives them precedence over all the
other Roman Catholic prelates in the United
States, The ■N’m/Amrkm GyclopzMa,,
Which supplies uv with most of these ’ facts,
gives a list of Archbishop Kenrtck’s nu
merous theological and polemical writings,
including a new English translation of the
Bible, part of which has been published
and the rest ready for the press. Archbi
shop Kenrick was eminently and consci
entiously an Union man. His younger bro
ther, Dr. Peter Kenrick, also an Irishman,
horn in 1806, is Archbishop of St. Louis,'
and resided in this city during the episco
pate of the Right Reverend Dr. Francis
Patrick Kenrick, whose loss we now re
cord. ..-’
The Stain.
.Poets have delighted to sing the praises of
the rain, but to-day we should be more than
poets in enthusiastic praise of it. All is no
longer quiet along the Potomac; for the
historic stream that was wont to flow so
silently and calmly by the tomb of Wash
ington has been changed within the past
few days into an angry and swollen torrent.
It has raised itself up as an impassable bar
rier before the trembling hordes of Lee,
and Ms line of retreat has been washed
away in the rush of the turbid waters. The
same danger which menaced Gen. Hooker
at Chancelloryille, and which he was pru
dent enough to escape in time, has over
taken his wily. antagonist, whose escape
now seems to be impossible. The storm
of;yesterday alone was equivalent to an
army with -banners, in the service it
did to the Union cause. Bach rain-drop
was a' reinforcement to the Army of the
Potomac; and the moment the floodgates
of heaven were opened, the doors of escape
were closed against General Lee. The
mists of uncertainty and gloom that so
long hung as a veil over the military move
ments in Maryland and Pennsylvania, have
been followed by the mighty, storm which
meninstinctivcly felt to.be impending, and, in
the rush and wMriwind of events, the bright
hopes and dreams of the haughty - rebel
general have been utterly wrecked. The
same refreshing showers that cooled the
parched lips, and bathed the fevered brews
of our gallant wounded who lay all night
upon the field of Gettysburg, have helped
to swell the value of their sacrifice,- and
make the victory their valor purchased
dearer and grander to the heart of the
nation!. Bach precious drop of rain,
caught in the hollow of a dying sol*
diers hand,/ was a heaven-born assu
rance that his suffering was not to be in
vain; and that* there should be no part
ing of the waters by an Almighty hand,
to permit the rebels to escape ! As patriots,
inspired with a living faith in the salvation
of our land, we thank God for the beautiful
and blessed rain ! Truly has it fallen upon
the just and’the unjust; but while to us it
has been the ■welcome shower that refreshes
and revivifies, to our enemies it will be, the
fearful deluge that sweeps away all harriers
opposing it, and engulphs all within its
reach ina swift and terrible destruction.
We thank God for the rush of the torrent
that has swept away our own timid doubts,
and the fondest hopes of this rebellion. In
the mercy of the Almighty,,which falleth
like the gentle dew from] heaven, our prayers
have found an answer, and our highest as
pirations been fulfilled. We have been tried
and purified as by fire; perhaps we shall
yet he chastened and strengthened, as by
water.' For, after the rain shall come the
rainbow; and it may not be very long be
fore God will set His sign in the heavens as
a token of His reawakened love towards
this people, and a promise of returning
peace. „
Letter from Air. Shirley Brooks.
[The following letter from Mr. Shirley Brooks,
the distinguished English author, speaks for itself,—
Ed.:] V
Ekgent’s Pabk, London, June 22,1803.
To the Editor of ThePrees:
Sut: A friend in Philadelphia has sent me a
number of The D-tal, iu which 1 find an extract from
a letter wherein Mr. Conway, addressing an Ame
rican newspaper, states that he saw me “at a
fashionable party in earnest conversation” with a
lady of color, whose name I have no right to re
introduce to public attention, pleasant as it would
he to me to corroborate Mr. Conway's testimony to
her intellect.
But an Mr. Conway is good enough to say that I
am “detested” as “the Tory writer againstuain
Punch," and a* I infer that “us” means, pro hdc
vice, the enemies of slavery, I will ask you to allow /
me to say that any detestation directed against me :
on the supposed ground of, my friendliness to the'
Domestic Institution is undeserved.
I have never written a line in favor of slavery, but
I have written thousands of lines against it. My
father was a friend and fellow-worker with Wilber
force and Buxton, and I have never swerved from
the faith touching the slave question. . -
I beg to gay, also, though writing solely on my
own responsibility, that the contributors to Punch,
who address some half million or more readers
have never been moved (even by the incessant abuse
launched at that journal by the American press) to
any partisanship with the Slave-owner, aa auch,
and Mr. Conway, had better refer to the files of
Punch for a verification of this statement. Upon
the objeot and conduct of the war, I claim for my
self the same liberty of judgment as my numerous
and valued American friends would readily concede'
to me, were the combatants In any other part of
“ the planet " than.between 25° and 49° N. latitude
and 6f° and 126° W. longitude. ,
As those limits include a noble territory, In most
parts of which I have friends whose good opinion is
very dear to me, I request, of your courtesy, space
for the rectification of Mr. Conway's “ fashionable”
despatch r and have the honor to be sir,
Your obedient servant,
SHIRLEY BROOKS.
A Curious Disa!’l'Oihtmknt.— Now that peace
is being rapidly gained in the great victories of Get
tysburg and Vicksburg, and that the rebellion is
tottering to its fall, those who called the loudest for
peace appear grieved and chagrined at the country’s
.triumph. The false pacificators, who reckoned .upon
peacein favorof the South alone,are mortified at the
prospect of honorable peace for the National Go
vernment. In this manner the journal of Mr. Ben
jamin Wood discusses General Meade’s victory:
“Amid this din of false rumors, however, those
who have held fast'to General Meade’s authentic
despatches have not been: deceived. They have
known that the triumph of, the Northern ’army has con
sisted in not being defeated, and that to have repulsed
the attack of the Confederates,' though-with prodigious
loss to ourselves, is the extent of our victory. ’
“Theloss In killed, wounded, and prisoners, during
the three days’ battles in and near Gettysbure, turns
out to have been about equal on either side. . Our loss
in officers is almost unprecedented. Sixteen, aud
according to some accounts, eighteen Federal gene
rals, were either killed, wounded, or taken, priso
ners, and the list of subordinate officers received,
who were put hors de combat, runs-up already to - se
veraT hundreds, which number will be greatly in
creased when - the full returns come in. General
Meade promised -that an accurate list of all who
were killed and wounded should be sent to the War
Department two days since; but, with .the, usual
cruel, tantalizing reticence, and: disregard of :the
popular wish;.which characterizes Mr; :Stantbn,-it
has not yet been communicated to the public.’ It;
may be safely calculated, however, that the Confe
derates and Federals - lost ;in the .neighborhood of
25,000 men each, with the advantage in favor of General
Meade qf not having been , annihilated, and of having,
, compelled General Lee to relinquish', for the .mo
ment, the effort to ''destroy -the army which inter
poses between himself and Baltimore and Wash
ington.” M
Dr. West’s Union-Lhagus Address.—ln; the
last number of the West Philadelphia Hospital Register
we find a correct report of the .remarks made at the
Union League; on the 22d ult., by the Rev. Nathan
iel West, D. D., chaplain of-the West Philadelphia
Hospital. It Is terse and argumentative, as well as
loyal and practical, and contains some excellent
Bible reacona against Secession,
THE PRESS.—rinLADEI-PHIA; THURSDAY. JULY 9, 1868.
Washington, July 8, 1863,
T Hie Attempted Mission of Alexander H.
The following statement is derived from an official
source:
On Sunday, the 6th instant, the Secretary of War
received a despatch ’from Colonel Ludlow, the
United States Commissioner for the exchange of
prisoners of war, and attached to the staff of Major
General Drx, commander of the Department of
Virginia, to the effect that Alexander H. Ste
phens, Military Commissioner for the Oorifede*
rates, had presented himself in a Confederate steam.'
er, under a flag of truce, and stated to Col. Ludlow'
that he was the bearer of a communication from
“Jefferson Davis, Commander-In-Chief of the
land and naval forces of the Confederate-States, to
Abrattam Lincoln, Commander in-Chlef of the
Land and Naval forces of the United States of
.America,' 9 and that he desired to proceed on the same
Confederate Bteamer to Washington to deliver said
communication, attended only by Robert Ould, as
Secretary (for the purpose of conferring upon the
subjects of the aforesaid, communication), and the
officers and crew of the Bteamer.
The Secretary of the Navy on the same day re
ceived a similar despatch from Acting Rear Admiral
Lee, in command of the United States squadron in
Hampton Roads. ' :
On Monday, the Secretary of War, and Secretary
of the Navy, respectively answered to Col. Ludlow
and Rear Admiral Lee that the request of Alexan
der H. Stephens is inadmissible. The customary
agents and channels are adequate for all needful
military'communication between the United States
forces and the insurgents.
A despatch - from General U. S. Grant to Major
General Halleok, dated at Vicksburg, at half past
10 o'clock on the morning of the Fourth of July,
states that the enemy surrendered that' morning,
and their troops were paroled aa : prisoners of war.
The movements of his - forces about to be made are
detailed, but are not proper for publication at
present. _ '’’ •. •
Fortress -Monroe, July I.— The 'advantages of
the arrangements made by Colonel Ludlow, On the
22d of May last, which cuts off ail paroling of prison
ers of'war, and compelß the captors to, reduce to
possession, and deliver their prisoners at City Point,
are shown in the late battles in Pennsylvania and
Maryland.
General Lee, if able to make his own escape, will;
probably, be unable to take away any prisoners
with him. ...
Further lists of our prisoners, who have died in
rebel hospitals and prisons, have been received by
Colonel Ludlow, and forwarded to Washington for
publication.
The City of Albany arrived at four o’clock p. M.'
from White House. She brings no stirring news.
On the morning of July, Ist, General Getty, with
ten thousand men, proceeded from White House for
the purpose of destroying the remaining bridges over’
the South Anna. Passing through King William
O. H., Brandywine, and Taylorsville, he crossed the
Pamunky and met a large force of the rebels near
the bridge he intended to destroy. Some skirmish
ing ensued. General Getty retired with a loss of
two killed and five wounded.. r
He tore up the railroad track for five or six miles
and destroyed a ddp6t, and captured seven rebels
near Hanover C. H. .
General Getty returned this morning to White
House, having accomplished the moat of his mission
satisfactorily. .
New York, July 8-—The Tribune has received,
the following special despatch:
Chickasaw Bayou, Friday, July 3, via Cairo,
July 7.—Vicksburg is ours.
The firing from the front ceased this morning,
pending the negotiations for a surrender, which!
cupied the greater part of the day. The only con
tested point touching the surrender has been with
reference to what Bhouldbe done with Pemberton’s
army. He asks and demands that while the sur
render shall be unconditional in other respects, the
garrison, which has so long and heroically resisted
our army, be spared the unnecessary humiliation,
and be paroled in Vicksburg.
This will probably .be conceded from motives of
expediency alone, and not as a condition, as it will
save an immense expenditure for transportation and
subsistence. ■
Generals Grant and Pemberton had a long private
interview, at the latter’B request, in relation to the
surrender, before it was determined.
. The officers of the flag of truce indicate that all
that has been, written-and published in the North
concerning the sufferings of the rebels in Vicksburg
has been but half the truth. There are about 24,000
people in Vicksburg, 10,000 of whom are efficient
soldiers. Our army will take possession to-morrow
;
The surrender was made just in time to save both
armies from a severe loss of life, which would have
attended an attempt to carry the works by storm,
as such an attempt had been determined on for to
morrow morning. .
Not having been allowed an inside view before the
departure of the despatch boat, I cannot give such
details as are desired. . •
The Post Office Department will, on the Gth in
stant, establish a post office at Vicksburg.
Incidents of the Late Rebel Advance*
The Washington star publishes some interesting
incidents of the rebel occupation of Hagerstown and
other points during their late advance. The Star
. says : -
A pleasing incident* occurred during Ewell’s stay
in town. The 4th North Carolina, Col.Grimeß, was
encamped in the public square, doing provost duty.
Attached to this regiment was an excellent brass
band, and on the first evening of their arrival they
enlivened the town by playing rebel airs. At last
they, struck up 1 Dixie.’ : Immediately some twenty
young ladies, headed byjVXisa McCameron and Mlsb
Emma Wantz, joined in-singing the ‘Star-Spangled
Banner,’which soon drowned the rebel horns. This
created intense feeling, and the Union boys sent up
shout afterjhout.
Another indent worthy of note occurred after
a portion of the rebel army had passed into Penn-.
sylVAnia. Four Union prisoners, captured near
Carlisle, were brought into town under guard, when
the two young ladies apove named stepped into the
street and presented each prisoner with a bouquet
tied with red, white, and blue.
In passing through Maryland the rebel army
IOBt laige numbers by desertion, the most of them
Virginians and North Carolinians, while some few
were Northern men and foreigners. When the Fe
deral cavalry entered the town.aeveral rebel soldiers
came in and gave themselvea-up.
Barksdale’s division was the last to pass through
Hagerstown. He halted in front of Doyle’s hotel,
and dismounting, entered into conversation with
several citizens. About this time a courier came
dashing up the street, and exclaimed, “General,
the Yanks are upon us!” Barksdale immediately
mounted his horse and rode to the rear of his com
mand, and cried out, “Hurry boys; keep in line,
and do not straggle, for the Yankees Are pushing us,
and you’ll be picked up. u His fears were ground
less, as it was well known to the Union men that
the Federala were not advancing in that direction.
The Wheeling Intelligencer has received the fol
lowing from General Averill:
July 4.—Jackson, with 1,700 men and two pieces of
artillery, attacked Beverly on the 2d, cutting off its
communications and capturing some pick4E. The
enemy expeoted to make an easy prize of the garri
son, which contained the 10th Virginia Infantry,
Captain Ewing’s Battery, and one company of
cavalry, uDdcr. the command of Colonel Harris, of
-the loth Virginia, who was directed by General
Averill to hold the position. The 14th Pennsyl
vania Cavalry, the 3d and Bth Virginia mounted
infantry, were pushed forward to the relief of the
post, but before their arrival the enemy had been
repulsed with loss, and are now being pursued.
Boston, July 8, 1863.— Ge0. H. Stuart, Chainnan %
TJ. S. Christian Philadelphia: Subscrip
tions on the Exchange here reached twenty
thousand dollar*, in all, and are still coming in.* E.
S. TOBEY, Chairman Army Committee.
Rejoicings at Trenton*
Trenton, July B.—A national salute was fired to
day at noon, by order of Governor Parker, in honor
of the victories achieved by the Federal forces.
An impromptu jubilee over the fall of Vicksburg
took place last evening. Speeches were made by
Mayor Mills, S. W. Smythe, and Captain Joseph
Alford.
Locisvilie, Jnly-B.—The steamers Alice Dean
and J. S. MeCJomb were captured by a party of 200
rebels, at Bradenburg, Ky., yesterday afternoon.
Our gunboats are in pursuit.
Vermont Republican State Convention.
Burlington, Vt., July 8. —The Republican State
Convention commenced ita session in this place to
day. The attendance was very large, every oounty
being fully represented, and many distinguished
gentlemen from all sections of the State were pre
sent. Senator Gollamer was one of theepeakers.
The following ticket was nominated :
For Governor, Hon. John G. Smith, of St; Al
bans ; Lieutenant Governor, Hon. Paul Dilling
ham ; Treasurer, Hon. John B. Page.
Generals who Fought at Gettysburg*
It 1b said that the conqueror on the bloody battle*
field near Gettysburg lias been often “ borne in the
arms and dandled on the knees 1 ’ of the British hero
of the Peninsular campaigns and the subsequent
victor'at'Waterloo.' General Meade’s father was
then a distinguished consul in Spain, and theTroh
Duke was among, his friends. Meade hr badly ca
ricatured in some of the “pictorial” weeklies. He
is a man of middling Btature, and does not change
color suddenly on 'any excitement or Budden provo
cation. In 1845 he boarded in one of the hotels of
this city (now demolished) for some Months, and
was a room-mate of Pemberton, lately commanding
the rebel foroes in Vicksburg. The two young men
were intimate—daily and nightly companions—ex
emplary in their behavior. -
Brig. Gen. Elon. J. Farnsworth, who fell bravely
in the battle, waß born in Michigan in 1835, and was
a brother of Gen. J. F. Farnsworth, of Illinois. In
1857 be became attached to the commissariat ih New
Mexico. He was considered the best rider in the
army. He entered the war as a quartermaster, and
became captain in the Sth Illinois Cavalry. In all
the Peninsula battles and Pope’s campaign he did
not miss. a fight or skirmish, which were forty-one
in all.- Whenever a scout or leconnoissance was to
be made, he was invariably placed in the lead. The
celebrity of his .regimentwas greatly due to his
genius and bravery. Pleasanton found him a cap
tain and made him a brigadier. Farnsworth was
pouessed. of rare beauty, both of person and soul.
No inan who knew him failed to admire his great
social attractions, nor will they soon forget his tall
athletic frame, dark hashing eye, and finely moulded
features. , :
k Brigadier General William Hays, commanding
the 2d Corps at the battle of Gettysburg, graduated
at Weßt Point, in the class of 184D'with Nathaniel
Lyon, William T.Shermab, and Stewart Van Vlelt,'
and others on the Bide of the Union; also, with the
rebel Generals Richard S. Ewell, Bushrod Johnson,,
and Paul O. Herbert. After graduating, he was at
tached to Duncan’s Battery as brevet second'lieu
, tenant, and went to Corpus Christ! with the army,
commanding a section of Duncan’s Battery.He,
fired the “fiist gun” at Palo Alto, distinguished,
himself at the battles of Resaca de la Palma, Mon
terey, Cerro Gordo,' Contreras, Ohurubusco, Mblino
del Key (in which battle ho was wounded), Chepul*
tepeo, and. at the San Coame Garita.
WASHINGTON.
Special S79Bpatc9a.es to 66 TIUe Pxe»»# w
Stephens*
The Surrender of Vicksburg.
FORTRESS MONROE.
The Surrender of Vicksburg.
Repulse of the Rebels at Beverly.
Still Nobler from Boston.
Capture of Federal Transports.
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
Rebels Demoralized and Fugitive,
THEIR LOSS 35,000 MEN AYD 00 Offl S.
Desperate Attempt to Recross the Potomac.
THE HEBEL LINE FKOM FUIVKS
TOWN TO FAHISC WATERS.
PLEASANTON PRESSING FRONT,
FLANK, AND REAR.
Great Exploits of the National Cavalry,
A FIGHT AT HAGERSTOWN*
SEDGWICK ON THE REBEL FLANK.
Meade Advancing in Force.
A PORTION OF THE ENEMY ON THE OLD
ANTIETAM GROUND. '
Meade about to Engage the Enemy at
Williamsport. #
.- [Special Despatch to The Press-]
Harrisburg, July B.—Beyond question, the army
of General Lee is greatly demoralized. Stragglers
: are.everywhere among the hills of the herder. fugi
tives scattered from his army in its cheerless retreat.
Pleasanton is pushing the enemy at all points,
and gathering prisoners hourly. The jnfantry is
fast coming up with him, and a battle will very soqa
take place neaf South Mountain,
Many of the enemy’s guns Ate found spiked, dis
mantled. or half buried In ditches, or the mud of
the roads. Wagons are burning, and the retreat is
marked by vestiges of ruin. The Potomac is ruu
ning very strong and high. Men are arriving rapidly
.from every county, W.
" Washington, July B.— No information had been
received from Williamsport up to 2 o’clock to-day.
It is not believed that there was a fight yesterday,
although it is probable that Sedgwick has done the
enemy’s rear much damage.
Tee's Attempt to Escape*
Baltimore, July B.— The following special de
spatch has been received by the American:
Frederick. (Wednesday noon), July B.—The po
sitionof the rebels and their condition has been as.
cert&ined. Their infantry line is drawn across from
Funkstown, Md., to Falling Waters, and behind
this line they Are using almost superhuman exer
tions to get their trains (such as they have saved),
artillery, and ammunition across the river.
• The beet military authority here doubts—l might
almost say is convinced that they have no pontoon
train beyond that destroyed at Falling Waters, and
that with such canal boats as they had not previ
ously burnt, and the timber felled in the vicinity,
and at Martinsburg, they are endeavoring to supply
the deficiencies of their engineer corps. It iB
known that two days ago they had troops felling
timber. They also attempted to cross some wagons
on fiat boats, but the impetuous current of the river
rendered the attempt futile. They are now crossing
their horses on the boats, and leaving the wagons,"Jo
take them to pieces, and thus transport them on the
canal boats.
I have heard the opinion expressed in very high,
military authority, that the rebels will probably se
i cure the most defensible position in front of Wil
liamsport, entrench themselves, and endeavor to
hold our army at bay, whilst they secure the means
of crossing.
The position of the rebels is much more desperate
than I had allowed myself to think heretofore. Of
course, they may get away, but it looks, much less
probable now than it did twenty-four hours ago.
Gen. Lee’s headquarters are definitely ascer
tained to be.at Hagerstown to-day, and his troops
aie mainly on the road bet ween there and Williams
port, which is only seven miles distant..
A portion of General Early’s rebel command is to
day reported as being cut off in the mountains near
Greencastle by our cavalry. This, of course, is at
presentobly a rumor, but it is credited, to some ex
tent, in view of a knowledge of the present move
ments of General Pleasanton’s command.
The cavalry of General Pleasanton have been
operating with magnificent success during the last
three dayß. It is a positive fact that whilst the
rebels were retreating we had cavalry in their front,
and rear, and both flanks. Its presence and bold
dashes greatlyaided in increasing the demoraliza
tion of the rebels, and the discipline they have
heretofore shown was greatly relaxed.
It is the opinion at headquarters that our cavalry
have not taken leis than six thousand prisoners,
including the wounded who have been picked up
everywhere along the road, where they were
abandoned by their friends, and in farm houses.
:* Among the captives is Brigadier General Robin
son. He had torn off his insignia of rank, and was
dressed in citizens’ clothes, but was recognized.
; Brigadier General Trimble, of “ 19th of April,” and
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore fame, is
’also a prisoner.' He was found in the farm ..house of
Mr. David Whister, near Gettysburg. Hia left foot
was blown off by a shell.
The damage done to the rebel trains by the dashes
of our cavalry is almost incredible. Everywhere
along the retoesfT'they were captured, cut off, and
burnt. -Gen. Kilpatrick dashed into the middle of
Gen. Ewell’s train, and burnt between two and
three hundred wagons and run off the horses. To
day he captured sixty more wagons, and three hun
dred horses and mules.
Our cavalry (I think theybelonged to Kilpatrick's
division), had a fight yesterday, at Hagerstown,
. with a rebel infantry division. Their position was
at one time dangerous, but they got out finally wifch
■ out serious loss.
So far as the are! now. known,. our
army is moving steadily-forward. Of its ‘direction
and the disposition of its forces I shall say nothing,
though the former may be readily guessed at from
what is said of the position of the enemy.
If Lee remains this aide of the river, the probabili
ties are that there will be another battle within the
next forty-eight hours.
As I close, the heavy rain storm is over and the
sun is breaking through the clouds. Forward! iB
the word, along the whole line.
Washington, July B. —Messages for the Asso
ciated Press, from Frederick, Maryland, received
to-night, say:
Information which can be relied upon, comes
from the front.,this morning, of the following pur
port: Tlie rise in the Potomac has checked the
passage of the rebel army.
A small portion of Lee’s transportation has been
crossed on rafts at Williamsport and Shepardstown,
and Mb stock swam over. His ambulance train,
with the wounded, have also crossed, but his supply
trains, artillery, infantry, and cavalry, are reported
to be nearly all on this side.
His first line of battle has been formed on the
fields of Antietam. Should this prove true, and it
is certain that he cannot receive reinforcements, he
will be compelled to trust the fate of his army to the
arbitrament of a bloody battle.
Our forces are gradually concentrating in that di
rection. The hopes and prospeota of annihilating
the entire Army of Virginia are bright. The best
possible spirits animate both our officers and
men. -
At the last advices Lee was concentrating his
forces by every available’ route, fe»ring>an attack.
Yesterday morning he planted his batteries on every
road by which we were likely to approach. .
Buford and Kilpatrick, with their cavalry divi
sion, made a demonstration in the direction of Wil
liamsport, but were unable to penetrate Lee’s
lines.
. Many, citizens of Hagerstown, Funkstown, Wil
liamsport, and Clear Spring have left their homes,
believing that a battle is imminent. Some of them,
who have arrived in Frederick, believe that Lee
only placed his guns in position to keep ue in check
While his forces were crossing.
The reports as to the existence of rebel bridges at
Williamsport are contradictory, but the general
impression at Frederick is that none have been
built. A scout who was there on Sunday says that
preparations were then in progress to build one, but
these may have been frustrated by the sudden and
heavy rise in the Potomac.
General Meade and staff have.arrived at their
headquarters, having ridden thirty-five miles from
Gettysburg.
Several corps are understood to be nearer the
point desired. V
A considerable force has probably reached the vi
cinity of Williamsport to-night.
In the meantime our cavalry are on the enemy’s
leftilank and rear, and make frequent attacks.'
Our scouts are frequently heard from, and their
.reports confirm Lee’s attempt to recross the Poto
mac.
Rev. J-iMES Vallandioham, brother of Mr. C.
L. Vallandigham, gives a sweeping denial to a
charge in the Hartford Evening Post , that his brother,
permitted’his aged mother to be supported, in part
o»<in whole, by the church to which she belongs.
Such a charge, it was, of course, unbecoming to
make.
Gen. Cluseuet, the French soldier win fought
in West Virginia, under General Pope, in the Army
of the Potomac, criticises fleverely the surrender of
Winchester. He thinks we have been disgraced in
this wav by a great many needless and cowardly
surrenders, such as would not be tolerated in any
other country, and he proposes as a remedy for this
evil a supreme and immutable military court.
A riot broke out in Rochester a few days ago.
A man named McLaughlin interfered in the quarrel
of a negro and a white man, and was shot by the
negro. A crowd gathered and the negro was nearly
killed, before the officers succeeded in arresting him.
The naob then proceeded to take revenge upon the
innocent. Many negroes were pursued; two were
driven into the river and drowned.
The officers and men of the 52d Regiment of Penn
sylvania Volunteers celebrated Fourth of July
in the Grove at Beaufort Green, S. C, The public
in general was Invited to Attend. The exercises
opened with prayer by the Rev, M. Sires, after which
“ The Declaration” was read by Major Oonyngham.
Then came music; prayer, and the Star-Spangled
Banner, sung by the whole assemblage. Then fol
lowed amusement. There were sack race, pig race,
climbing the greased pole, &c. Lieuts. Gilchrist}
Marcy, Mott, Baiinatyre, Stevens, Orchard, and
Sterling, were the committee of arrangements, and
it was a great day at Beaufort.
Governor Ton, of Ohio, does not seem to be
greatlv disappointed by his fafture to receive a re
nomination for the gubernatorial office. He made a
'telling speech in the convention in whioh he was
defeated, calling for his friends to go for John Brough
in good earnest. Then he was the first man in Ohio
to take the stump for Brough, and; has been at it
with heartiest zeal whenever he could spare an eve
ning from his official duties.
The Burning of Darien®
To tlie Editor of The Press:
Sir : Aspne actively engaged with Major George.
G. Stearns in raising black troopß for the war, and
deeply anxious for the success of the movement,
allow me a word in your columns in respect to the
burning of Darien. Perhaps, no act in any depart
ment of the war for the Union thus far, has been so
universally condemned and stigmatized as bar
barous, wanton, and wicked, as has been that of the
destruction of this rendezvous of slaveholding trai
tors. Radical anti-Blavery men have been silent j
loyal men have generally condemned the deed, while
all the sympathizers’with traitorß at the North
Col.‘ Montgomery and his men as
little better than “ Thugs.” For one, I am aitonish
ed'that nothing like an earnest defence of the con*
duct of 001. Montgomery and hia.men has been at
tended in any quarter. Without attempting any
thing of the sort myself—for I but little of
the laws of war—l may be allowed, at' any rate, to
state the case wherein I think it will be seen that the
ordinary rules governing civilized warfare have no
application to the act in question. The rebels
themselves, by their own act and deed, have ab
solved all colored soldiers and their commanders
from those rules, and upon their guilty heads let ail
calamitous consequences fall.
By proclamation, and by act of the Rebel Con
gress—by the murder of twenty oolored ] non-comba
tant teamsters at Murfreesboro —by shooting down,
in cold blood, wounded colored soldiers at Milliken
Bend and at Port .Hudson—-by dooming to torture
and death every officer and man of a colored regi
ment who shall fall into their hands—in a woTd, by
raising in this war the black flag, with its death’s
head and crosß boneß, and setting at defiance all the
laws and usages of civilized wartare, in the case of
colored soldiers and their, commanders, the rebels
have made lawful every possible form of retaliation
on the part of black soldiers of the Union which is
likely to bring them to their senses the most speed
ily. It was not for Colonel Montgomery to wait
till his officers and men should fall into.rebel hands
and be murdered before giving them a taste of their
own chosen mode of warfare. . Like a wise man, as
he is, and one who wishes to put a stop to the
hell-black purposes declared against colored
men by the rebels, he has acted upon the
maxim that prevention Is better than cure. A
few more raids like that of Col. Montgomery,
will do more than all the. soft talk of a thousand
presses about the “rules of civilized warfare,” to
bring Jefferson Davis and his rebel crew to their
senses. Let him know that whatsoever a man
soweth, that shall he certainly reap; that if he sows
the wind, he shall reap the whirlwind ; or, as Web-,
ster hfis expressed it, let him know that if he vio
lates the laws of war in the case of colored soldiers,
that there are blows to take, as well as blows to
give, and both he and Mb Government will Bpeedily
retract their infamous declarations of cold-blooded
murder and rapine towards colored soldiers.
lam, sir,.yours respectfully,
FRED’K DOUGLASS.
Colonel Thomas 9 Regiment*
To the Editor of The Press
Sir : We arrived at Columbia on Saturday* in the
midst of a heavy rain. The. following named ladles
and gentlemen went to work and prepared us some
supper, on the style of the Philadelphia Refresh
ment Saloon. We are quartered at the Town Hall,
and consequently have no conveniences for cooking,
and the ladies have kindly come forward to cook for
us. and moat generously and well have they per
formed their duty. It is but justice to them that
some notice should be taken of their benevolence:
Samuel E. Max ton, William Grubb, Mrs. Kunkel,
Mrs. Wisier, Mias Lizzie Evans, Mibb Maggie
Grubb, Mrs. D. Knox, Mrs. Kimburg,.Mrs; Boa
tick, Mrs. Shuman, Mrs. Maxton, Mrs. Grubb, Mrs.
Myers, Mrs,. White, Miss Kitty Myers, Mra.Hen
derson, Mrs. Facix, Mrs. E. M. Maxton, Mrs. Wade,
Mrs. Trusket, Mrs. Fairlamb, Mrs. Taylor, Mrs.
Miller, Mrs. Strebig, Mrs. McOlune, Mrs. S. J. Mc-
Clune, Mrs. Schelk. '
I am, sir, very respectfully, yours,
Lieut, KIRKHAM, Company B,
Columbia, Pa., July 6, 1863. . ;
Speech of Secretary Seward*
.When the news of the surrender of Yicksburg
was received at Washington, on Tuesday evening,
Hon W. H. Seward made the following remarks:
He thanked those who had thus called upon him
1 for this popular demonstration of their joy over the
victory just announced. He had considered it the
part of a patriot and statesman, if possible, to avert
the condition of public affairs we had lately wit
nessed, and, following the example of Him who had
died to save the world, he had prayed that this
bitter cup of domestic dissension might be put away
from our lips. The discord of our country was
calculated to gladden the worst of despotisms,
but the country would survive the shock
it was called upon to. endure. No nation can
perish that has a spark of popular virtue left. The
people are the guardians of the national titles, and
national greatness and prosperity. No nation can
be saved except by the sacrifice of individuals. In
the language of the Scriptures, we must renounce
father, mother, brother, all, for our country’s sake;
we must give uj> our treasures, our affections ; we
must make sacrifices, give up everything to be Baved.
For himself ? he had surrendered all. There was not
a child of his capable of bearing arms who had not
been given to the service of the country. If he
could not preserve our nationality, he was here to
be buried in its ruins. If he had'to fall, he wanted
to fall in.the streets of the capital of his country,
and to be trampled under the heel of the assassins of
its freedom and greatness. He had chosen for his
file-leader Andrew of Tennessee. He was
for this Union with slavery if it must be, and without
slavery if he could have it so. [Tremendous cheer
ing.] There is now a new issue. Away with the
dead past. The future will develop who shall
govern this great country. Neither wisdom nor
virtue came into.existence with this people. They
will not die with the result of this contest. Presi
dencies, secretaryships, foreign legations, presented
no temptations to- him. He was ready to put them
• all away from him. • If his country would be saved,
he should never accept official position at .the hands
of his countrymen. He had been censured for. the
prediction that the rebellion would be ended in ninety
days. It would have been ended in that time—it
would, in fact, have been ended befofe it was begun,
if the counsels of true patriots had been, heeded. It has
been protracted by the hopes held out of foreign inter
ference. It has thus dragged its slow length along,
with blood and carnage in its track, through two
long years; but in this beginning of the third year
we had just attained the beginning of the end. We
have seen the stars one by one falling away from our
national firmament, but now we are to witness the
joyful sight of star after star, after wandering in
darkness, returning to the galaxy in which it be
longed. Missouri had been for a while obscured,
but it now shines with redoubled brightness. Mary
land had wavered *, it is now firmly set in the na
tional coronet. Kentucky had been almost torn
from the magic circle; but its steadfastness was
now assured. It will not be long before’ T6nnesßee
will be numbered again among the loyal States, nor
till Arkansas shall be againrepresented in the halls
of our Congress. Louisiana has already asked for
recognition upon the old basis, and the old North
State would soon follow suit. In 'a little while
we shall witness the extraordinary spectacle of
Old Virginia asking forgiveness for her sins; and
even South Carolina, the source of all this mischief,
wolild be sandwiched between Georgia and North
Carolina, and purified of her iniquity. We already
see a pretended confederation divided into four parts
by transverse lines drawn along the Mississippi
river and the southern line of Tennessee. When
the war could no longer be put aside, he had but one
request to make. He invoked Got Almighty to in
spire people with virtue enough to vote for the
Union, and our armies with courage enough to fight
for it. But after all this conflict, this greatest,
proudest, most prosperous of nations, must still
continue to thrive. If foreiga nations would keep
their.hands off we should settle these questions for
ourselves, _and when next the provost marshal
should call upon-the people of this district, lie
hoped every man fit for duty would only ask where
he waßto be placed. If they need any one to follow,
old as he was he should be with those who were
ready to lay down their lives for the preservation
of the life of the nation.
Letter from Senator Sumner*
The. following letter from Senator Sumner was
read at the celebration of the Fourth of Julym
Boston:
. Washington, Julyi, 1A63. :
Dear Sib: I regret much that I cannot be in
Boston on the Fourth of/July to listen to words of
eloquent cheer, and to join my fellow-citizens there
in the celebration of the day.
But whether there or here. I shall not fail to
celebrate the day in my heart,: hoping, praying,
striving for the speedy triumph of those principles
to which the day is consecrated—life, liberty, and
happiness to all men! . Such is the glorious decla
ration of rights to which oiir nation was from the
beginning pledged, and which it iB now vindicating
by war.
Massachusetts took a leading part in awakening
and beginning the revolution by which that declara
tion was first vindicated. And, thank God, her in
fluence has not been unfelt in the greater efforts
now making to uphold the declaration and to keep
the whole,country under itß control, so that there
shall be but one people, free and independent, with
out a master and without a slave. In this cause she
has already given some of her best blood anrt'sor
rowed at many funerals. She mu3t not halt or hesi
tate.now, but must 1 proceed right onward to the
triumph which is sure to be ours.
I know not when this war will end, but I know
well fiow-it will end.
Accept my thankfl for the invitation with which
you have honored me \ and believe me, Mr. Mayor*
■with much respect, faithfully yours, 3
CHARLES SUMNER.
Hon. F. W. Lincoln - , Jr.”
Execution of the Spy Richardson.
A correspondent in Frederick : Passing
through the camp and crossing a broad field of ripe
grain, I presently drew rein in the midst of 1 an idle
group of officers, cavalrymen and townspeople, who,
gathered under ithe fatal tree, told fanciful stories
about the “ great spy,” for* like many a better man,
he had suddenly become great,' now that he was
dead—and cracked grim jokea at his expense.
As I looked upward at the horrid thing that hung.
so lankly there, and dreadfully wound and unwound
itself, rbad a most disagreeable remembrance of the
free. The man’s name was Richardson, and he be
longed, before the war, to Weßt Baltimore, I be
lieve, where he peddled newspapers, maps, and
longs. For. more than eighteen months this despe
rate man had strolled—he confessed it, lam Abun
dantly camp to camp in the Union
armies of the Potomac and Rappahannock, still ped
dling maps ihdt were false, and songs that he sung
around the camp fires. To-day a cavalryman, fresh
from the Gettysburg havoc, actually lay on the grass
under that tree, and sang , one of the swinging
wretch’s own songs to him: “Everything looks
lovely and the goose hangs high !” ..
At the drum-head court martial, it ib said, the
evidence of his guilt abounds. Drawings of fortifi
cations were fouud on his person, enumerations and
description of-forces and their position, diagrams
of “situations,” and maps of country roads. This
man had bought papers from;him at Fairfax, that at
Falmouth; another had heard him Bing such and
such a song at Berryville; and one, while a prisoner
in Richmond, had observed him in close conversa
tion with Jeff Davis. The proof was damning, of
course, ami . the shrift was shorter-than the rope.
But they mercifully “eased him down” twice, to
confess ; which- he did, saying that he was a “ true
man to the South,” and was ready to die for it $
boasting of the Bervice he had rendered to the cause,
which —infatuated wretch—he confessed he loved ;
boasting that he had once led a strong force of
Union cavalry into an ambuscade, and that “if you
had not hung me, we should have that train to-raor-.
rowalluding to a long file of trains that went out
tc-day. - *■/ f ,
“ Whom the gods would destroy they first make
mail.” ; The rebel prisoners who went to Baltimore
in the train yesterday actually snubbed our sol
diers at Sykesvllle. When they asked them “ How
. about your, retreat being cut off 1 How about car
rying the war into the enemy’s country!”
“What retreat!” they coolly asked. “ Have they
made you believe we are retreating! We are going
to stay in Maryland and Pennsylvania till the “fall,
sure ; and there’ll be two or three more big fights
before ,we leave them,” - r
STATE GOVERNMENT FOR NEW MEXICO.
—Francisco Perea is a candidate to represent New
.Mexico in Congress. In an addresß to the people
he touches upon the agitation got up on a question
of establishing a State Government tor thAt Territo
ry. He‘opposes the scheme, and says: “As it is
presented now it does not come from, the people,
nut originated: with men ambitious, or place'and
power, and regardless of 'the interestis'oF those who':
-would haveto bear the burdens of the Government,
whilst these men, secure in their well-paying offices,'
would liveat ease on the fat of the land,”
SECOND EDITION.
FIVE O'CLOCK A. M.
L®© Must Surrender or give BatUti
11,800 PRISONERS REGISTERED.
ACTION NIYRBOONSBORO AND HAGERSTOWN.
FURTHER FROM VICKSBURG.
THE WAB IN KENTUCKY.
Xaa.'v Action. of Xnciia.ix£t>
[SpecialDespatch. to Tha Prose.]
Frederick, July B,—Tiring has been heard since
daylight from beyond Boonßboro.
It is stated that our adi'ance forces fell bade to
Crampton’s Pass. It is also reported that the
rebels are trying to gain a position on South Moun
tain and there to give battle.
Better statements are to the effect that the rebel
army, of which the South Mountain force is but a
portion, are compelled by the movements of Meade
to give up hope of this position, and make with all
speed toward the Potomac, to cover the crossing of
baggage, wounded, &c. t and effect the final esoape
of the main force.
This will require a deßparatc battle near [the
banks of the Potomac, near Antietaml or 'Williams
port,
Bee has been driven hard on all sides by the forces
of Pleasanton, and, with a turbulent river in his
rear, and the knowledge of his whereabouts, which
the active movements of the army are constantly
revealing, his crossing of the Potomac seems an ut
ter impossibility. He must make a stand and fight.
Of this there can hardly be a doubt,
The Mbels, I learn, have lost, in all, 35,000 men at
the battle of Gettysburg, about 7,000 on their re
treat, and more than fifty guns, some abandoned
along the A number of trains have been de
stroyed by the cavalry. Bee’s army has been great
ly demoralized, but will malce another desperate
fight. -MoD,
THE liATEST.
Frederick, July B.—Gen. French has been placed
in command of the 3d Corpß, which is now in mo
tion,
It iB stated, upon reliable authority, that General
Bee has no alternative but to deliver battle or sur
render.
About 600 prisoners arrived here to-day. This
arrival, according to high official authority, swells
the number already reported to 11,800. These latter
were captured and forwarded by Gen. Kilpatrick.
Considerable cannonading has been heard to-day
in the direction of Hagerstown, but, as no reportß
have yet come in, it is believed to be caused by our
cavalry attacks upon the enemy’s outposts.
The wounded paroled officers from Gettysburg to
day correct the published statements in regard to
the following officers:
General Paul was alive last night, and there were
some hopes of his recovery.
Colonel Root, of the 94th.Wew York, was unin
jured. Colonel Wheelook was also uninjured,* but
is a prisoner. Colonel Tilden,' 16th Maine Regi
ment, is a prisoner. General Baxter was unin
jured. Colonel Fairchild, 2d Wisconsin, had an
arm amputated.
Hundreds of rebel deserters are in the country
surrounding Gettysburg, having changed their
clothing and turned farmers in the harvest fields. .
The skies are clear to-night. It ib not believed
that a general battle will come off to-morrow.
General Butterfield, chief or staff, has been re
lieved of that position, and the accomplished soldier
and gentleman, General Warren] appointed in his
stead.
The Capture of Vicksburg*
Hew York, July Bth.—-The Hew York World has
received a dißpatch from General Grant’s head
quarters, dated July 3d, 8 P. M., which Bays:
“A flag of truce from Pemberton appeared at 8
o’clock this morning, with a communication pro
posing the appointment of. commissioners to ar
range terms, to which General Grant made the
following response:
“The only terms I can entertain are those of un
conditional surrender.’
“ Subsequently General Grant met Pemberton, and
after an-hour’s consultation the terms of surrender
were agreed upon, the former consenting to parole
the soldiers.
“ The number of prisoners, wounded, fee., is said to
be eighteen thousand, twelve thousand of whom are
in fighting condition.
“Theimmediate cause of the surrender was the
exhaustion of supplies and ammunition, and the
failure of Johnßton to relieve the garrison.
“ Our army will enter Vicksburg triumphantly at
daylight, doubly celebrating the4th.”~
A general interchange of civilities extends along
the lines.
Cairo, July B.—By the arrival of the steamer Ni
agara, with Lieutenant Dunn, of General Sullivan’s
staff, from Vicksburg, who is a bearer of despatches
from General Grant to the War Department, we
have a confirmation of the capitulation of Vicks-,
burg.' . •
From reliable Bourcea the following particulars
of the closing scenes of the siege of Vicksburg have
been obtained:
The first flag of truce received for some time was
on the first of July, asking an escort , for two Eng
lishmen, who had been shutup for Borne time in the
Confederacy. This request was granted. On the
previous day the rebels made an unsuccessful
sortie on our works on the left, intending to take
our soldiers out of the rifle-pits.
General Johnston was reported to be only twenty
miles off. Our men were in line of battle ready to
receive an attack.
On the sth, a flag of truce came into our lines,
brought by two Confederate officers, one of whom
was Major-General Bowen, The messengers were
blindfolded, and remained awaiting the return of
General Smith, who took the despatches from Pem
berton to General Grant, an hour had elapsed
their eyes were unbandaged. They conversed fredly
with the Union officers.. One of them said that iron
enough had been thrown into the city to stock im
mense foundries and build monuments for all who
had fallen.
The messengers were again blindfolded and es
corted to a safe point from which they could enter
their own lines.
Great curiosity was manifested by the officers and
soldiers to learn the contents of General Pember
ton’s despatches, which waß finally gratified. >
The rebel general had seen fit.to intimate that an
unnecessary efi'uaion of blood and loss of life might
be prevented by the cessation of hostilities, during
which commissioners might be appointed to agree
on terms of surrender. He also intimated that he
could hold the city for an indefinite period.
Gen. Grant’s reply was very brief, saying that
Pemberton had it in his own hands to stop blood
shed at any moment; that commissioners were un
necessary, and the only stipulations he could ac
cept were an unconditional surrender. He con
cluded by paying a deserved tribute to the bravery
and endurance of the rebel garrison, and said that
if they surrendered they would be treated with 'all
the courtesy due to prisoners of war.
The rebel messenger had not gone long when
Pemberton sent again, asking a personal interview,
whioh General Grant promptly, acceded to.
At 3 o’clock P. M., the. same day, a conference
took place about midway between the fronts ofboth
armies. The two generals went aside, and s what
was said during the conference can only be judged
from the results. After little more than an hour
terms were agreed upon, and the rebels surrendered.
It was arranged that the Federal forces should
enter at 10 o’clock on the next morning, and the.
rebels all be paroled (the officers allowed to retain
their horses) and given: four days’ rations, to he
taken from the rebel Btorea. They were to he con
sidered as prisoners, liable to. exchange; The ene
my, numbering from’2s,ooo to 30,000, by this arrange
ment fell into our hands, along with their small
arms, forts, defences, &c.
Plenty, of cannon were captured, and their quality
is equal to the best in the Confederacy. '
At ten o'clock on the morning of the 4th of'July,
General Steele’s division marched into and garri
soned the city, the .bands playing the national airs
of the contending forces. The scene was witnessed
by thousands of Federal and rebel soldiers, many of
whom, for the first time in weeks, had shown them
selves with impunity above the rifle-pits, although,
during ali thiß time, they I!Hd been within,five yards
of each other. . _
Gen. Grant came to the place of rendezvous smo
king a cigar, and apparently the only unexcited
person in the vast assemblage.. : '
Gen. Pemberton first remarked that he had been
present when different fortresses had surrendered
-to the Federal arms in the Mexican war, and in
those cases the enemy were granted terms and con
ditions. He thought hiß army was as well entitled
to such favors as a foreign foe. 1
Gen. Grant listened to his arguments, And then
proposed a private conversation, to which'Pember
ton agreed.
- The “Stars and "Stripes” were.>soon after seen
floating above the buildings where lately the rebel
ensigns had met the breeze, and Vicksburg was
again in loyal possession.
Not long after formal possession of the city had
been taken, Colonel Markland made hia entrance
to take charge of the Post Office, and agreed to
establish Federal mail routes with the rest of the
world.
The War in Kentucky.
. Louisville, July S.—A meeting of citizens was
held to-night to take measures to provide for the
defence of the city. It was addressed by General
Boyle, who stated that although there was no im
mediate apprehension of danger, the necessary
measures should be taken to organize the citizens
for their defence. The matter was submitted to
Councils, which passed'a resolution that all male
citizens between 1$ and 45 years shall be enrolled
into companies for service, if required, and all who
refuse shall be eent South.
GenT Boyle is determined to carry out this resolu
tion vigorously, and the enrolment will im , ne<li*teiy
commence; .
We have the usual reports about the übiquities of
Morgan’s forces, but they are considered to be the
fancies of excited people. No considerable number
of armed rebels are known to be near our city.
- Buckner’s forces were crossing the Tennessee
river, near Chattanooga yesterday, and there are
small squads of rebel cavalry along, the line oF the
Frankfort Railroad.
Invasion ol' Indiana.
Indianapolis, Indiana, July B.—Reliable infor
mation received here to-niglit states that the rebels
bad crossed into Indiana, and are marching on Oor
yider, with artillery.. • s
In a skirmish with the -Home, guards four ofcthe,
latter were killed.
From California,
Sait Francisco, July 7.-—The ships Grace Dap*
ling, Mary L. Ogden, Napier, Gaspee, Charger, anA
other first-class vessels, have been loaded for many
days, but detained by the scarcity of seamen.' Many
of the sailors who have arrived here seem disposed
to try their luok in some of the new mining district*
before shipping again. ~
All classes are more subject to the mining fever
this year than they have been since 1849 and *5O.
Trade is falling off, although jobbers are still doing
considerable.
Grocers look with favor upon staple goods at old
prices, but, are indisposed to pay the advance do*
manded by importers. Sugars are. firm.
Tiie Celebration at Dayton.
Dayton, Ohio, enjoyed on the 4th of July, per
haps, more than itß share of celebration. A orowd
of distinguished people were present, and the Hon«
John Brough made a speech of remarkable effect*
The exercises of the day opened with prayer, by the
Bev. Colonel Granville Moody, who led a regiment
at Murfreesboro, After this, the Declaration of In
dependence wab read by James' E. Murdoch. Read
in his masterly manner, the words of that instru
ment seemed to possess a deeper and more sacred
meaning. The following poem, by Buchanan Read,
called forth great applause:
THE DEFENDERS.
Our flag on the land and our flag on the eoean.
An Angel of Peace wheresoever it goes,
Nobly sustained by Columbia’s devotion :
The ADgel of Death it shall be to our foes.
True to its native sky,
, Still shall our Eagle fly,
Casting his sentinel glances afar;
Tho’ bearing the olive branch,]
Still in his talons staunch
Grasping the bolts of the thunders of war l
Hark to the sound—there’s a foe on our border,
A foe striding on to the gulf of his doom,—
Freemen are rising and marching in order,
Leaving the plough, and the anvil, and loom;
Rust dime the harvest, sheen
Of scythe and of sickle keen.,
The axe sleeps in peace by the tree it would mar.
- Veteran and youth are out
Swelling the battle about,
Grasping the bolts of the thunders of war.
Our brave mountain eagles swoop from their eyrie,
Our lithe panthers leap from forest and plain—
Out of the West flash the flames of the prairie;
Out Of the East roll the waves of the main.
Down from their Northern shores,
Swift as Niagara pours.
They march, and their tread wakes the earth, with
its jar.
Under the stripes and stars,
Each with the soul of Mars
Grasping the bolts of the thunders of war.
Spite of the sword or assafisin’s stiletto,
While throbs a heart in the breaaVbf the brave, l! S
The oak of the North, or the Southern palmetto
Shall shelter no foe except in his grave. *
While the Gulf billow breaks
Echoing our Northern lakes.
And Ocean replies unto Ocean afar,] i i -
Yield we no inch of land, *. ?
Jpt* While there’s a patriot hand
Grasping the bolts of the thunders of wat.
A Word for Malcontents.
. Professor Holmes’ oration in Boston, on the
Fourth of July, has, a passage of unusual applica
tion to those who denounce the Government and
apologise for the enemies of the country:
“ There are those who profess to fear that OUT
Government is becoming a mere irresponsible ty
ranny. If there are any who really believe that
our present Chief Magistrate means to found a
dynasty for himself and family—that a coup d>ct<U U
in-preparation by which he iB to become Abra
ham the First, Dei Gratia—they cannot have
duly pondered his letter of June 12th, in which
he unbosoms himself with the -simplicity of
a rustic lover called upon by an anxious pa
rent to explain his intentions. The force of hi*
argument is not at all injured by the homeliness of
his illustrations. The American people are not
much afraid that their liberties will be usurped*
An army of legislators is not very likely to throw
away its political privileges, and the idea of a dee
potiem resting on an open ballot-box, is like that of
Bunker Hill Monument, built on the waves of Bos*
ton harbor.. We know pretty nearly how much of
sincerity there is in the fears so clamorously ex
pressed, and how far they are found in company
with uncompromising hostility to the armed ene
mies of the nation. We have learned to put a true
value on the services of the watch dog who bays
the moon but does hot bite the thief' ”
The men who are so busy holy-stoning the quar
ter deck, while all hands are wanted to keep
the ship afloat, can. no doubt show spots upon,
it that would be very unsightly in fair weather.
Ho thoroughly loyal man, however, need suffer from
any arbitrary exercise of power, such as emer
gencies always give rise to. If any half-loyal man
. forgets his code of half decencies and half duties so far
: as to become obnoxious to the peremptory justice
which takes the place of slower forms in all cen
tres of conflagration, there is no sympathy for
him among the. soldiers who are risking their lives
for us $ perhaps there is even more satisfac
tion than when an avowed traitor is caught and
punished. For of all men who are loathed by gene
rous natures, such as fill the ranks of the armies of
theUnioD, none are so thoroughly loathed as the men
who contrive to keep just within the limits of the law.
while their whole conduct provokes others to break
itwhose patriotism consists in stopping an inch short
of treason, and whose political morality has for its
safeguard's justrespect iorthe jailor and the hang
man! The simple cure for all possible injustice a
citizen iB likely to suffer at the hands of a Govern
ment, which in its need and haste must of course
commit many errors, is to take care to do nothing
that will directly or indirectly help the enemy or
hinder the Government in carrying on the war.—
Portland NewSf Tuesday.
THE LADIES TO THE SOLDIERS.—The La
dies’ B ational League of St. Louis lately addressed
the following to the heroic Army of the Mississippi.
To Gen. Grant and his Soldiers :
To-day we, the ladies of the “ national League”
of St. Louis, unite with one voice to pray that the
God of Mercy may reward your heroic efforts with
a success as great as such sacrifices demand.
Our hearts and our sympathies are with you, and
we beg of you to call upon us, if possible, whenever
and wherever you may need that aid and comfort
which we, the loyal women of St: Louis, stand ready
to minister to every man who raises a hand to de
stroy the traitorous worms that gnaw, at the heart
of this great nation, which, though it already seems
to totter, shall never fall. For rest assured, brave
soldiers, if the life of every Union man in America
be sacrificed, then the time will have arrived for
the “League” to take up arms, and the Btars and
stripes shall still be defended.
May God’s blessing rest upon each and every one
of you forever and always.
Mrs. OHAUHCEY I. FILLEY,
Secretary L, N. L.
FIGHTING DEMOCRATS.—In the hearty
speech of John candidate for Gover
nor of Ohio, at Dayton, on the 4th of July, he Bays
of fighting Democrats: “ While there are some acts
of the Administration which I cannot aoprove, I
cannot forget the fact that every gallants man who
is prosecuting thiß war in the lead of the army on
the bloody plains of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, or
Mississippi, is a Democrat, bred and born. [Cheers.]
My friend Thurman, in his Bpeech the other day,
said that McClellan, was removed because he was a
Democrat, while Rosecrans, who was a Republican,
was reaping all the glories of the war. [Laughter.]
I am sorry that brother Thurman has not read his
tory better than that. [Renewed laughter.] Bless
your soul, Rosy has always been a Democrat, and a
worker in the party. Yery many of the men in the
ranks Are Democrats, and while they are fighting
the battles of the country, you stay at home carping,
and say you CAnnot do anything because Republi
cans are at the head of the Government! That is
not worthy of you. And when a man comeß and
puts that argument in your ear, you should put an
other down his throat. I leave you to determine
what that should be.
; K AN INCIDENT AT VICKSBURG.—Quite ah
excitement was raised a few nights ago by a deep
voiced private in our rifle-pits calling out as fol
lows:
“Attention, battalion! Order arms! Fixhayo
nets! Shoulder arms! Charge bayonets! Forward,
double-quick! Just at this juncture an entire vol
ley of musketry from the rebels greeted our pits. It
was dark, and they thought a charge had been mads.
As soon as the report of the discharge had died away
our hero cried out, as if to a regiment:
“Why are you wavering there? Forward! I Bar
forward. 11
.Another volley came rattling over their heads,
when, having carried the joke far enough, the boys
fell to shooting at the excited rebels, and ceased only
when the pickets were put out.
A REBEL MILLIONAIRE BEGGING.—The
ravages of war are well illustrated by the case of a
Southern man living in the neighborhood of Sny
der’s Bluffs, who lately applied by letter to General
Waßhburne for subsistence for himself and family.
This man was lately the owner of seven large and
well-stocked , plantations, and was estimated to be
worth $6,000,000. He was in Europe when the war
broke out, and did not reach America again until
after the occupation of Hew Orleans by Gen. Butler.
Slipping through Hew Orleans by some means, he
came up to a fine plantation in this neighborhood,
and was found here by.our army. He had ÜBedhis
princely fortune lavishly in attempts to forward the
Secession cause. Today he is reduced to the neces
sity of depending upon the United States military
authorities for the necessaries of life! Think of a
Southern millionaire, the owner of thousands of
of a fine house and establishment in Hew
Orleans, of & beautiful summer residence in Ken
tucky, of seven plantations in Mississippi, Louisi
ana, and Arkansas, and an educated, travelled, ckU
valrous gentleman, of course, going daily to an ene
my’s commissary of subsistence for rations.
A FASHIONABLE SHOPLlFTElf.—Western
papers notice th& arreat of one of the most fashion
able ladies of Chicago for confirmed and long-con
tinued shoplifting, her elegant house being filled
with costly dry goods, which she had stolen and
secreted. The case excited profound interest from
the standing and surroundings of Mrs. Burgett.
She was promptly tried and convicted of grand
larceny, and sentenced to the penitentiary. She at
first positively refused to go before the court, and to
avoid being taken by force she deliberatelyretired to
bed in her cell., She finally consented, ho wever, to
go in after the rest of the prisoners had been sen
tenced and removed. She was clad in deep mourn
ing for the recent death of her husband.
Examination at the Boys’ High
School;—The following »re the questions pro
pounded yesterday at-the Boys’ High-achoal exami
nation: -
ETYMOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS.
Give the root,, prefix, and suffix ot each of,the
following words, the .definition of the word itself,
and a sentence of not lesß than twelve words, show
ing the correct uie of the word:
Aggrandize, confiscation, discernment, encumber 9
indignity, inheritance, promiscuous, unfortunate,
sufficient, susceptible.
GEAMMAR-
1. Give the rules regulating the agreement of the
verb with nominatives of different persons.
2. In what two cases may intransitive verbs be
used in the passive voice?
3. Compare an adjective having two forms of the
superlative with different meanings.
4. Explain the difference between the grammatical
and the intended meaning of the following sentence :
“ William and Robert took" either of them his
horse.”
• 5. Whv is the expression, “I expeoted to have
found him,” incorrect?
6. Write a sentence in which the adverb (here is
used as an expletive without any signification of its
own. • ...
7. What are the sounds of the letters? Jlllustrate
by examples. - V
8. Divide the consonants according to the part of
the vocal . organs by whioh they are formed, and
place each consonantunder its appropriate division.
9. Why is the letter e omitted in spelling excu
sable, and not in changeable?
10. i Correct the following sentence, and give your
reasox for each-correction : u She taught him and I
to study the lawsof Draco, which, is said' to have
been wrote in blood.”
Paeade.— This afternoon,, at 4i o’clock,
the Twenty- will parade and.drill,
mounted, from Albert. Walton’s Hotel, Frankford.
A large number of; gentlemen are expected to bft
present and participate. .
A Ebal Gentleman — Is affable with hia
equalß, and pleasant and attentive to his interiors.
Detests eves-dropping as one of the most disgrao©*
ful of crimes. He never dresses in the extreme Of
fashion, but wearssuch jjarmentsaa
lured byGianville. Stokes,No. 600 Ohestnutatroet,
whioh are noted for their ue*tne®» Qt ftl aud oheap*
ness in price, ' ' "