_ .
THE PRESS.
MINIM= DAILY, (SUNDAYS 1110/PTSD,)
BY JOHN W. FORNEY,
011101 No. 417 CHESTNUT STREET.
DAILY PRESS.
TWIN assts Pia Wass, payable to the Carrier.
Dialled to Subscribers out of tie City at Six Douala
l'aa Amur, POOR DOLLARS TOR EMI DioargeoTaitax
poLilsa .Pos Su IllONTllS—inudaby 1a advance for
the lima ordered.
TUE TRIONEEKLY PRESS,
MAW to Subscribe= out of the City at TSUI DOL•
Lan Pss MINI% In advance
DRY-GOODS JOBBERS.
MKS/IMM
1861. F G 1861.
E FALL 0
.13
S.
RIEGEL, BAIRD. & CO..
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS
OF
DR Y Goons.
NO. 47 NORTH THIRD MEET, PHILADELPHIA.
Prompt-paying merchants are respectfully
Invited to examine our large and carefully-se
lected stock of desirable goods, which Will be
Bold at prices to suit the times.
se2s-2m
JAMES, KENT,
SANTEE, &
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS:
_ OP
DRY GOODS,
Sloe. 223 end SU North TIMID Street, above Bade,
Have now open their mantel
LARGE AND COMPLETE STOCK OF FOREIGN
AND DOMESTIS GOODS,
Among which will be Tonna a general easortment
PHILADELPHIA-MADE GOODS.
IST CASH BUYERS SPECIALLY INVITED.
,el7-2m
•
THOMAS MELLOR & CO.,
Nos. 40 and 40 14ORTH THIRD Street,
HOSIERY HOUSE,
LINEN IMPORTERS and
SHIM-110NT IdANUFACTUREBB.
Importations direct from the Manufactories. sell-2m
1861. TO CASH BUYERS. 1861 .
H_ C. IiATTGBTAIN & Co.,
No. 303 MARKET STREET,
Are receiving daily, tram the PHILADELPHIA and
NEW YORK AUCTIONS, a general assortment of
REERORANDisE, bought for CASH.
GASH DUYIEBB are especially Milted to call and ex.
!mine our Stock. aes-tf
1861. EAljtj GOODS. IB6I.
FRESH ASSORTMENT.
DALE, ROSS, & CO.,
li2l MANX= STIMiT,
Sete received, and are now opening, a fresh 'took of
VAL', & WINTER GOODS
'thick will be told low for CASH and on short credits.
Sir Buyers to,nalLtre ex
!.
Mum flock.
CARPETLNGS:
LARGE CARPET STOOK
SELLING OUT
'GREATLY REDITGED PRIGE3i
CLOSE BUSINESS.
BAILY & BROTHER,
No. 920 CHESTNUT STREET.
661.7.tuths 2m
" A RC H-STREET CARPET
wAsEnorsz.9
OLDDEN & BICKNER,
NO. 832 ARCH STREET,
Two doors below NINTH, South side,
Have now in store, a SPLENDID STOOL
ENGLISH AND AMERMAN
CARP ETIN
!which are now offered at
GREATLY REDUCED PRICES,
oae 12t FOR CASH.
NEW CARPETING..
JAMES H. ORNE,
Chestnut st., below 7th,
SOUTH SIDE
How opening from the New York Auction Rooms, a
Cargo lot of CROSSLEY'S ENGLISH TAPESTRY
MEIISMIIa t *Welk will be sold from
874 OTS. TO $1 PER Yl3 I
AU% a complete assortment of all the varieties of OAR
rETING, of OUR OWN IMPORTATION, cam
*dodos •
CritOBBLEY'S WILTON E TELTZT CIARPETEKG
WEXPLICTOWS AXMLNSTER do.
NENDERSoId's DAMASK AND
TWILLED YENETIANS
Akio, a large variety of ENGLISH BIIIISSELECim
ported tinder the old duty, which will be sold at low
lateen.
Included in our stock will be found a complete mmort
bent of INGRAIN AND THREE-PLY CARPETING.
OIL CLOTH FROM 1 TO 8 YARDS WID*
JAMES H. ORNE.
626 CHESTNUT STREET, BELOW BEVEN/11,
ocs-La
F OURTH -STREET
CARPET STORE,
No. 47, ABOVE CHESTNUT,
I OR now otroring illy stock of
ENGLISH CARPETING%
EMBRACING EVERY VARIETY AND STYLE
Imported expressly for City Retail Sides, at Prices
Liss THAN PRESENT COST OF IMPORTATION.
J.. T_ DET_ACROEK—
•OIO-2m
G LEN ECHO MILLS,
McCALLUM & Co.,
SLANITFAOTIIRERS, IMPORTERS, A.IID DEALERS.
509 CHESTNUT STREET,
CARPETINtia,
inr, CLOTHS, &Q
We have now on hand an extenidve stock of Carpet-
lings of our own and other makes, to which we call the
attention of caah and abort time buyers. aell-2ra
NEW 0 AltP ETINGS.
J. F. do E. B. ORNE.
110. 819 OHISTRIFT STREET-OPPOSITE STATE
HOUSE,
Are now opening, from Custom House Stores, their
FALL IMPORTATIONS
&STEW CARPETINGS
l i elY/ pieces .J 13130.5.31:EY 3 TAPIESTBY
OMIPETS, from
75 OTS. TO $l. PER YARD.
6-4 TAPESTRY 'VELVET;
FRENCH AIIBITSSON;
FINE Ax MINSTER;
ROYAL WILTON;
Ex2ricA ENGLISH BILVSEELS •
RExcy.Esox k 1130_ , s
=OLIN/ INORATH CARPETS;
aLL OF NEW CHOICE STYLES.
lIIIVING BEEN INVOICED BEFORE THE LATE
ADVANCE IN THE TARIFF,
Will be sold et
MODERATE _PRICJES.
itaSlaaa
CHINA AND QUEENSWARE.
ALL, - 1861.
BOYD & STROUD.
Na 32 NORTH FOURTH STREET,
HATE NOW THEIR
USUAL LARGE STOCK ON HAND,
To which they invite the attention of CASH BUYERS
'ry S. STEWART & CO.,
We have just received a full line of
CLOAKING CLOTHS in UNION and ALL-WOOL,
Comprising, in part
Also a small lot of
REPELLANTS.
The attention of the trade is invited to these Goode
0c24-tf
FROTHING -HAM & WELLS,
34 SOUTH FRONT AND 35 LETITIA STREET,
BROWN AND BLEACHED SIIEETINGS,
MASSACHUSETTS, GREAT FALLS
LACONIA,
EVERETT,
LOIVEI4I+,
IPSIVICH,
HAMPDEN,
SHAWLS, BEAVER CLOTHS, TRICOTS,
CASSIBERES, FLANNELS, TWEEDS,
BLANKETS, AND ARMY
GOODS,
FROM THE 'WASHINGTON (LATH BAY &AM)
AND OVINE MILLS. ocl-3m
SHIPLEY, HAZARD, &
HUTCHINSON,
No. 11% CHESTNUT STREET,
VON.III/08ION Zit RC/CANTO
WQX TUB HALM or
PHILADELPHIA-MADE
GOODS.
ge2S-Gm
ARMY CONTRACTORS
AND SUTLERS
SUPPLIED :WITH BRUSHES at the lowest rates
Always on hand, a large stock of
And every Description of Brushes required for the Army.
KEMBLE & VAN HORN,
oc - 16-3m 321 MARKET Street ) Philadelphia,
ARMY WOOLLENS.
WELLING, COFFIN, & Co. ,
116 CHESTNUT STREET,
Are prepared to deliver on contract 3-4 and 6-4 Dark and
Sky Blue
e=o.r...enb--S3CS 10.7 - 1-I..rv3=a
eeB.Bm
p DIGO BLUE KERSEYS.
INDIGO BLUE CLOTHS,
And every variety of Goods adapted to Military Clothing.
for sale at the lowest I,eleos
REGIMENTS EQUIPPED AT SHORT NOTICE.
BENJ. L. BERRY,
CLOTH HOUSE, 50 SOUTH SECOND STREET.
°vs.-1m
ARMY FLANNELS.,
WELLING-, COFFIN, & CO.,
116 CIiESTNIFT STREET,
Aie treikarad 4e fittilie dox4rae4e, fdt , ihiltiodlas deliver',
WHITE DOMET FLANNELS, -
AND ALL WOOL
INDIGO BLUE FLANNELS,
of Government standard. oc4-tf
ANDREWS' ORIGINAL CAMP,OR
TRAVELLING
BED TRUNK.
(Patent applied for). For sale by
W. A. ANDREWS,
ne2.lna No. 612 CHESTNUT Street.
ELMBOLD'S GENUINE
PREPARATIONS.
BELMBOLD'S GENUINE PREPARATIONS.
BELMBOLD'S GENUINE PREPARATIONS.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
Cures Diseases of the Bladder.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHIT
Cures Diseases of the Kidneys.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
Cures Gravel.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
Cures Dropsy.
HELMBOLD'S ENTRACT DVCRII
Cures Nervous Sufferers.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
Cures Debilitated Sufferers.
lIELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Loss of Memory.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT RUCHE'
For Loss of Power.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Consumption, Insanity_
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU -
For Epileptic Fits, St. Vitus' Dance.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Difficulty of Breathing.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For General Weakness.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Weak Nerves.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
• For Trembling.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Night Sweats.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
• For Cold Feet.
TIELMBOLD'S EXTRACT MCCUE
For Dimnessof Vision.
HEMIROLD'S EXTRACT BUCIIII
For Languor.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Universal Lassitude of the Muscular System..
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Pallid Countenance.
EFLMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Eruptions.
: DELZIDOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Pains in the Back.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Headache. •
• HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU
For Sick Stomach.
• HELMBOLD'S GENUINE PREPARATIONS.
If you are suffering with any of the above distressing
athnente, use lIELIII3OLIr6 EXTRACT RUCIIIi.
Try it, and be convinced of its efficacy.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT RCM:, recommended by
DaMCS known to SCIENCE and FAME.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT RUCHE. See remarks
made by the late Dr. Physic.
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU. See Dr. De-
GERMANTOWN, PA
woe's valuable work on Practice of Physic_
rtni.mlloLlVa r.XTRACT TRUCIELT- f• 34.1 Diar4tua
t tory of the United States.
RELMBoLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU. See remarks
i made by Dr. Ephraim McDowell, a celebrated physi
‘ cian, and Member of the Royal College of Surgeons,
Ireland, and published in King and Queen's Journal.
DELMBOLD'S Genuine Preparations. See Medico-
Chirurgical Iteriew, patl6-64 L 1 .11enjetn.La TraTers,
IF. R. C. S.
HEL3IROLD'S Genuine Preparations. See most of the
late Standard Works on Medicine.
BELMBOLD'S Genuine Preparations. See remarks
made by distinguished Clergymen.
EIREMBOLD'S GENDINE PREPARATIONS
tt Give health and vim to the frame,
Andbloom to the pallid cheek',"
and are so pleasant to the taste that patients become
fond of them.
lIELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCIII7, per bottle, or
six for S 5, delivered to any address. Depot 104 South
TENTH Street, below Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa.,
! Where all letters must be addressed.
PHYSICIANS IN ATTENDANCE
Prom 5 A. M. to 8 P. 31.
Describe symptoms in all conminnicatione,
I ADVICE GRATIS. CURES GUARANTIED.
Sold hy Druggists and Dealers everywhere. oc3-stuth3m
MIXS. JAMES BETTS' CELEBRA
ED SUPPORTERS FOR LADIES, and as
only Supporters under eminent medical patronage. La
dies and physicians are respectfully requested to call only
On Mrs. Bette, at her residence, 1039 WALNUT Street,
Philadelphia, (to avoid counterfeits.) Thirty thousand
invalids have been advised by their physicians to Ilse her
appliances. Those only are genuine bearing the United
States copyright, labels on the box, and signatures, and
also on the Supporters, with testimonials. ocl6-tutility
COTTON SAIL DUCK and CAN
VAR, of Al nrnnbers and brands.
Naven's Duck Awning Twills, or all descriptions, for
Tents, Awnings, Trunks, and Wagon Covers.
Also, Paper Manufacturers' Drier Pelts, from I. to II
feet wide. Tarpattling, Belting, Sail Twine, &c.
JOHN W. EVERMAN & 00.,
105 JOHNS Alley.
mgt-tf
it
HIDES AND GOAT SRTNS.—An. in
'mire per schooner Seaman's Pride, from St.
Berta, for sale by JAIIRETCHE & CARSTAIRS, 202
find 201 Smith FRONT Street. oc141"
DO. J. H. McQUILLEN HAS RE
gloved to MI ASCU Street. PiCi•LIZ*
f •
jere, tr.o,a
•----: • tt V
‘ 1
" \k\ tett .er
t .. tr tc .
/ . •
- • -- .
•
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L II
,
..k
r rer
vier' - • ':.•.1
. • 1.. s
; 14 . 4‘4.qrfv..• • '(°°4* , 4 •
_ _
_ _
VOL. 5.-NO. 75.
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS.
Importers and Jobber/ of
BILKS AND FANCY DRESS GOODS,
NO. 30S MARKET STREET.
PLAIN BLACKS,
BLACK BEAVERS,
BLACK TRICOTS, /kt
COMMISSION HOUSES.
OFFER FOR SALE
SKIRTINGS,
DRILLS, JEANS, SILECIAS,
CANTON FLANNELS,
FROM TRH
LYMAN,
DWIGHT,
CABOT,
CHICOPEE, and
BAIITLET MILLS
LIKEWISE,
A FULL ASSORTMENT OF
MILITARY GOODS.
CAVALRY BRUSHES,
Governmont etatittard
WAGON BRUSHES,
Government standard;
MEDICINAL.
ttss.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1861.
Intervention In Mexican Affairs
In what we have said upon this topic in a
previous article, if we have been at all suc
cessful in our purpose, it has been shown that
the idea of absorbing the Mexican Republic,
which has been so commonly imputed to the
United States as a Government, was wildly
absurd, and every way gratuitous.
'ln some of the Southern provinces ofMexi
co there exists an unfortunate race called
Pintos, or painted people. They have a strange,
motley appearance, that is not easily de
scribed. Sometimes they may be seen literal
ly spotted with all the hues of the' rainbow,
disposed in irregular patches of color on dif
ferent parts of their faces and persons—giving
theM a most frightful and unearthly appear
arise. It has been thought the cutaneous dis
ease which produces this anomalous effect, is
both hereditary and contagious : hence, sani
tary regulations have prohibited these poor
creatures from residing in the more civilized
and populous portions of the Republic. In
time of war, however, the Mulatto chief, Al
varez, of Guerrero, (in whose province the
Pintos are mostly found,) occasionally mus
ters a few of them into his hosts ; but all con
tact with them is studiously avoided by the
other Mexican soldiery. What the Pintos are
to the other people of Mexico, the latter will
ever be to us as a nation. We can never be
come one people under a common Constitu
tion. Religion, habits, language, and race, all
present enormous difficulties which can never
be overcome.
So far as conquest is concerned—if there
ever could be an hour, when the United
States would take the fate of Mexico entirely
in hand, it must have been that in which, after
a series of most brilliant victories, five thousand
soldiers dared to muster under the banner of
our Union in the grand plaza of the Mexican
capita', in the heart, and undisputed . masters
of a city of near two hundred thousand in
habitants ! General Worth is known to have
written a letter to the Department of State at
Washington, in 1847, advising that all Mexico
should then be held as a conquered province,
and governed by a military Governor in each
department. But President Polk had not
nerve enough to adopt this measure , and, al.
though most of his Cabinet favored the sug
gestion, it was abandoned.
The Monroe doctrine has become, ina man
ner, a public law of this continent, and re
ceived the sanction of all the States within its
borders.. Rightly construed, it amounts to a
declared guarantee on our part of the peace
and security, so far as European invasion is
concerned, of all the Republics on the conti
nent of America. When made, it not only
republicanize(' all those countries, but it gave
security to their whole commerce; it en
couraged alliances and close treaties among
free and sympathetic States ; and it was de
signed to include such matters as our great
roadways from sea to sea ; roadways, not
merely of general commerce, but of emigra
tion, upon which the movements of colonists
are directed Westward to the Pacific shore.
To forbid the conquest or colonization of any
mi l of ny
monarchical_ Power, is to establish the necessity
of ofer interrening, in cases of extrymuy,- go-aid
and protect the other american Republics.
This idea of public policy has been approved
of, if we are not widely mistaken, by a large
majority of our eu-n people, of all parties ; and
we see no reason, erMnet that the present
Administration will depart from it, in consi
dering the contemplated movements of Spain,
France, and England with regard to Mexico.
We surely cannot submit to stand uncon
cerned, and see our weaker and more : dis
tracted neighbor fall again under the yoke - of
Spain, or allow it to become an appendage to
the empire of France. '- After all our strong
declarations upon this subject, we shall be
compelled, in honor, to treat any admitted or
actual purpose of conquest of a conterminous
republic as an act of declared hostility to
wards ourselves, to be resented and resisted
to the utmost-
Placed, as in Mexico, midway between the
two oceans, and covering all the intermediate
space between our Atlantic and Pacific States—
holding, also, one or more of the great transit
ways, likely to influence' a change in the course
of commerce with China and the countries of
the Southern ocean—we are bound to see to it
that •no European nation fastens its jealous
hands upon our chances of future progress and
prosperity in that regard. As well might we
claim to intervene, so as to place the com
merce of other nations at our mercy, in the
British Channel, the Straits of Gibraltar, or
the Isthmus of Suez. So far as the isthmian
ways of Mexico and Central America open
into the Caribbean, they are essential to our
commerce with the South Sea; so far as they
open into the Gulf of Mexico, they are peculi
arly domestic to our own Republic.
It has been made a subject of calumny and
reproach to our nation that we have often
evinced a' desire to make this gulf a mare
clan sum. Why is such a desire on the part of
American statesmen any more unreasonable
than a similar policy in other countries in re
gard to the Black Sea, or the Caspian, the
Znyder Zee or German Ocean? All the
numerous, long, natural, and artificial ways of
commerce in our Western and Southern
States have their debouchvre upon the Gulf of
Mexico, to which. the much-coveted island of
Cuba is the key—lying seven hundred miles
across the outlet, and actually in sight of our
own shores. We purchased one mouth of our
magnificent Mississippi for the purposes of
free and unrestricted navigation. , Cuba is the,
incubus of the other while it remains in fo
reign and quasi hostile hands. England, at
least, should look leniently upon this pru
dential anxiety of ours; for she taught it to
her apt and thrifty children here by her own
brave struggle against the world to acquire
and hold the rock of Gibraltar, which is the
key to the Mediterranean ; her notorious and
palpable breach of the treaty of Amiens in re
fusing to yield up Malta, which commands the
ocean way between the States of Italy and
the African coast ; and, finally, her recent and
rather informal acquisition of Aden, that over
looks an important pass of the Red Sea; all of'
which passes and roadsteads are now appur
tenant to tine British overland route to her
empire in the East!
A memorable case of intervention, (speaking
in a practical sensc,) which the United States
once entered upon, was that of Hayti, when
Mr. Webster ruled in the Department of State.
It was undertaken in connection with France
and England. Special agents were appointed
by the three Governments, with powers and
instructions, first, to conciliate, and last, if ne
cessary, to menace the despot of Hayti, So
longue, should he refuse to discontinue his bar
barous and unlawful invasions of the Domini
can Republic, The instructions given to our
agent, Mr. Walsh, were, upon call, laid before
the Senate of the United States in 1852 ; and
to our apprehension, they did not add to the
reputation of Mr. Webster, as a sagacious and
thoughtful statesman. We shall not be sur
prised, if the records of this case are flaunted
before our Government, when it shall under
take to inquire into the rumored combination
of France, Spain, and England in reference to
Mexican affairs. The President of the Euro
pean Peace Society, Louis Napoleon, will re
member, if he ever saw, this remarkable pas
sage in the Amalie-an agent's instructions in
reference to Scilottaue
' , The material interests of those Countries, (speak
ing of France and England,) ate largely involved
in the restoration and preservation of peace.
Prayer i 8 a creditor of the Emperor Solougne
to a lar,7 amount. Ole cannot hope for a dis
charge oiler debt. when the resources of the coun
try, instead of being developed in pacific pursuits,
and in part, at least, applied to that purpose, are
checked in their growth, and wasted in a war with .
conterminous states."
We thought then, and still maintain, that
such a combination of three the most powerful
nations in the world, to secure a proper balance
of power between an African despot and a
Spanish colony—for such it is now claimed to
be—was, to &Q - the least, a very superfluous
PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1861.
expenditure of influence. And we shall be
glad if the principles then' admitted and acted
upon do not embarrass the discussions which
which may arise between our Government and
the three Powers now threatening Mexico.
No wonder that, the same year the Haytien
pacification was undertaken under such in
structions, France and England proffered the
United States a tripartitee guarantee of the per
manent independence of Cuba!
We think our Government should offer, at
once, a mediation in the affairs of Mexico, and
strengthen the hands of Benito Juarez ; for
if any one in that unhappy country can be
safely trusted with its destinies, at this time,
it is him. True, he is an Indian of nearly
full blood ; but he is one of the noblest race
of Indians in the world—those of Gallica,
from whom came the celebrated mistress of
Cortes. He is every inch a man, and a re
markable one. Apprenticed in early youth
as a herdsman, lie escaped from this humble
employment, and, with the assistance of an
accidental and wealthy patron, obtained a
good education at the college of his native
State. lie soon after rose to eminence in the
legal profession ; and always, and up to this
hour through his eventful life, 1110,114 in%
even with his enemies, the reputaticm of firm
ness pnd the strictest iritMity in pecuniary
affairs. He was eventually max Q - Pvernqr
of (Mace ; then a Judge of the Suprenid
Court; and finally, on the resignation of Co
monfort, became ex officio President of the
Republic, since which he has again been
formally re-elected.
Among the many facts and institutions
which have clogged the struggling steps of
reform in Mexico, were the numerous privi
leges and exemptions, created by the old Spa
nssh organic law, conflicting with the common
and general laws adopted subsequently by the
nation. Of this class were the Inquisition,
the University, the Marquisate of the Valley
(estate of Cortes), and primogeniture in cer
tain families. Each of these, together with
the army and the clergy, had their Acres, or
laws of privilege. Many of these /taros were
were abolished by the revolution, but those of
the clergy and the army were allowed to re
main in force, having been recognized by the
the later constitutions. The clergy were even
allowed their own special tribunals, which took
cognizance of all the cases in whiuls the pro
perty of the Church was concerned ; or where
any of the clergy were parties, with criminal
and civil jurisdiction over all persons in any
manner in holy orders, or monks, or professed
nuns. They had also jurisdiction over all
litigation growing out of marriages, births,
deaths, inheritances, wills, divorces, etc., and
punished all offences against the established
religion.
The privileges of the MilliAra' Were no less
extensive for evil than those of the clergy.
They, too, had their own exclusive courts ;
and obedience to orders was a valid plea for
the individual offending, no matter what the
offence.
Such was the state of things in 1851, when
Alvarez of Guerrero came into the Presi
dential office. Juarez was then Minister of
Justice. He prepared and proposed a law
Wall was adopted, and went into force in No
vember, 1855, abolishing all these fueros or
special privileges at a single blow, and re
organizing the civil tribunals of the nation.
It was a law • affecting one-half of the popula
tion of the Republic, and a reform which had
De, urge d 13.1 a Cone men for
years. Congress passed it by a vote of eighty
-two-to one ; and thus terminated clerical and
military despotism in Mexico. The Republic
was opened to Protestant freedom, and reli
gious books of all kinds became free from pro
scription; the cassock and epaulets are no
longer badges of exemption from law and
justice. This was the bold Work of Benito
Juarez, a brave and honest man; and this
work is resented bitterly by the corrupt and
bigoted portion of the two powerful classes it
immediately affected.
'the law abolishing estates held in mort
main—a measure brought forward by another
able man—Lerdo v Tejada—followed the law
of Juarez. This was another blow at the
overshadowing power of the clergy. Some
flfty ;•ears bitiCO they had aootininlnta an im
mense specie capital, forty-four and a half
millions of dollars, under the denomination
of Capitales de Capellania, y Obras Pitts, from
bequests and surplus current income. This
capital had been lent to landed proprietors on
mortgage ; and what portion of it remained
after the exactions made by Godoy; Prince of.
Peace, before the revolution, fell into the
public coffers of the State under the law
Lerdo. Hence the enmity of the more ava
ricious of the Mexican clergy toward Juarez
and Telada ; and hence mainly springs the
civil war now-desolating the fairest portions
of Mexico. If Spain shall be allowed to in
tervene (as O'Donnell, her Minister, proposes)
by herself, and in her own way, no doubt a
union would soon be formed with the Church
party (which, we have shown, always NW
monarchical tendencies) for the purpose of
placing some off-shoot of the Bourbon race
upon the throne.
The troubles with Spain are complicated and
multiform. We perceive the New York
Times estimates what is due, under the Spanish
Convention, to be only $lBO,OOO in money.
But there is a case of outrage and murder yet
unsettled, which makes a large figure in the
catalogue of Spanish wrongs. The hacienda
Of Sark Yincente, not long since, was robbed,
and a number of its inmates, who were
Spaniards, brutally murdered. This is_ al
leged to have been done by some of tho sol
diers of Alvarez, in the service of the Mexican
Government. The violence of Spain, and her
restlessness under every attempt of Seilor La=
fragua, one of the most illustrious citizens of
the Republic, spepially delegated as minister at
Madrid, for the purpose of adjusting the diffi
culties between the two countries, gives much
force to the supposition, that Isabella 11,
would really like to attempt the reconquest of
the former possession of Spain on the Ameri
can continent. More than three years since, if
we believe the Madrid correspondent of the
London Times of that period, she applied, in
rain, to both Prance and Englarld for an agree
ment that they would protect Cuba against the
United States, while she sent a fleet and army
against Mexico. It was then supposed that
Don Infante Errriquez, the brother-in-law of
Queen Isabella, would be selected as the new
King, or Emperor of Mexico, in case of suc
cess.
Marshal O'Donnell, Count de Lucena, or by
whatever title he should now be called, has
made a successful foray into Morocco ; and ela
ted, by his success, but moreprobablyperceiving
Me embarrassed condition of the United Stales,
thinks he can now manage the conquest of
Mexico single-handed. He is a bold and am
bitious man ; was mainly instrumental in eject
ing Queen Christina from the throne, and ele.
rating her daughter Isabella, in 1851. What
ever the Count de Lucena desires to do in re
gard to Mexico is certain to have the sanction
of the Spanish authority. But we have an
idea that England must be reluctant to see
poor Mexico—one of hex• best ettstothers in
prosperous times—driven to the wall. It may
be also, that the admitted generosity of Eng
lish character towards a weaker party is
pressing upon the conscience of the English
Government; for we think there is plainly a
hesitation in its movements towards Mexico--
a lingering disposition, perhaps, that the
United States should join her and France, as
in the case of Hayti, and intervene generously
and for good.
Shall we intervene, then? And if so, how ?
We have suggested a mediation ; but we will
now go farther, and in a brief review of what
American diplomacy has more recently prof
fered the Mexican people, tender our own
views upon the important questions thus con
sidered.
If Mr. Corwin has none on the tapis, there
yet is a rast amount of unadopted or unap
propriated diplomatic wisdom, in regard to
Mexican affairs, lying idle in the Department
of State at Washington. There are the For
syth-Comonfort Treaties, four in one; and
also the McLane-Juarez Convention, none of
which met the fastidious judgment of the Se
nate. Forsyth's correaty of Reciprocity',"
was an avowed imitation of our. Canadian reci
procity ; and if one is wise, such must be the
other. His cc Postal Treaty," was full of per
sonal purposes and schemes; but there will be
time enough for postal arrangements in the
Gulf when peace returns to our Southern
borders.
The ((Forsyth Treaty of Claims" was
throughout a budget of blunders in favor of
Mexican interests—such as making the city of
Mexico the place of meeting of the commis
sion. But the quasi admission of pecuniary
liability on the part of the United States,
under the 11th article of the treaty of Gua
deloupe Hidalgo, prioe to its abrogation, is the
most serious one of There never was
any such liability originally understood or
intended. It is an after-thought of indi
vidual speculation and rapacity. We speak
of this question now, and in this place, be
ettitse it is still treated, we understand, as an
open one between the two countries. In the
first place, such a construction involves Mexi
co in the humiliating implication that she was
unable to protect her own citizens from the
savages, and had paid the United States for
so doing, who were to foot all damages if the
job was not fully performed! In the treaty
between the two nations, in 1832, a mutual
obligation is recited, to "restrain and punish"
Indian depredations in a certain territory,
pat territo7 ;1%1 wholly to our ecntsri l ,
.
hient by the: Guadeloupe treaty, and the same
obligation, in the same words, was continued
in force. No reclamations were ever thought
or talked of, on either side, under the treaty
of 1832. There could be no rule of set-off
in such cases, and neither party ever allowed
any indemnity in money to its own citizens
for Indian spoliations. It is absurd, then, to
entertain for a moment the idea that our
Government dreamed of undertaking an obli
gation with regard to Mexican citizens which
it bad never felt for its own.
We now come to the (( Treaty of Loan in an
ticipation of duties," which presents this in
superably objectionable feature : it agreed to
loan Mexico fifteen millions, (which she very
much wanted then, and needs now,) one-half
of which was never to come back to us, ex
cept in the form of released duties on goods
imported into Mexico in American bottoms.
Consequently, this return would fall into the
pockets of the few merchants in trade with
that country.
Let us have no such absurdities and indi
rections ; lend Mexico the money outright, or
endorse her bonds, secured upon the customs
revenue, or some branch of it, or upon her
public lands. And let the claims of France,
Spain, and the ((British Convention bonds,"
all be paid off. If our cotemporary, the New
York Times, is right, six millions of dollars
will cover all the debts and rcclamations which
those nations are- now pressing upon the
Mexican Republic. Eight or ten millions more
will enable her to put down insurrection, and
give quiet to the country. Lend, or endorse
this amount aloe; and make treaties, too, of
commerce and reciprocity, according to the
commercial wants and experience of both
countries. And, especially, let there be libe
rality and mutuality in regulating the transit
ways, and giving them proper stability and
security. If it can be done—and we believe
it can—we would have the Tehuantepec cross
ing made a joint work of the two Govern
ments, and exclude private interests in it alto
gether.
President Buchanan, in December, 18Mb,
reviewed our ,relations with Mexico ably and
et length. Speaking of the hackneyed clamor
about (‘ entangling alliances," and urging upon
Congress some decisive action, he remarks :
eaid theete e dme r ms are inconsistent
with our wise arta sew /.11,14
with the domestic concerns of foreign nations. But
does not the present ease fairly forin an osecoption ?
An adjoining republic is In a state of anarchy and
cenfusion, from which she is wholly unable to ex
tricate herself. She is entirely destitute of the
power to maintain peace upon her borders. or pre
vent the incursions of banditti ,into our territory.
In her fate and her fortune—in her power to main
itnatineraesstrtlXitrern,
comute—rzielyh,aNan-e
and politically, po far lit tl ic e p er ly er ,
than any other nation. She is now a wreck upon
the ocean, drifting about in the currents of the
different factions. As a good neighbor, shall we
not extend the helping hand to save her ? If we
do not, it would not be surprising should some
other nation undertake the task, and thus force us
to interfere at last, under circumstances of increased
difficulty, for the maintenance of our established
policy."
These views are statesman-like and to the
point. The Monroe doctrine means some
thing, or, if it means nothing, then let us hear
no more about it. Let it go quietly down to
oblivion, until the American people shall
again be equal to that spirit of foresight and
sagacity in which it was first conceived, enun
ciated, and approved.
The moral effect of a favorable treaty and
an expressed determination on the part of the
United States to assist her, would, of itself,
go very far in quieting the internal feuds now
raging in Mexico, many of which actually
spring from French and Spanish intrigues.
The payment, or assumption of the gt British
Convention debt," would extinguish the only
lien England now has upon that country, and
eradicate the only tie by which the English
have hitherto held the preponderance in its
politics, councils, and commerce.
At the same time, the claims of American
citizens against the Mexican Government
could be secured and settled. Their long
postponement has been a burning shame to us
as a nation—enabling the minions of monarchy
to point their sneers at republican weakness
and inefficiency. To say nothing of mazy
other cases—why should the blood of four
peaceable American citizens, murdered by
armed soldiery under the Mexican flag near
Sonvita, continue to cry from the ground, while
old, decrepit Spain is enforcing reparation for
the more doubtful case of San Vincente ? Our
own present domestic difficulties, will, of
course, increase the embarrassment of our Go
vernment in its movements in regard to Mexi
co ; but let the Administration bravely conti
nue to do its duty in referenee to American
interests all over the world, and under the ral
lying conlldunco of the good and generous of
all parties everywhere, the clouds which now
hover upon our political horizon will soon
pass away.
Publications Received.
BLAcitwoOn'S MAGAztxr.. Pon Ocvonen.--Not
withstanding the erroneous opinions and Southern
tendencies of the opening article, "Democracy
Teaching by Example," this is the best Blackwood
published- for a long time. Two new stories are
commenced. In one, (The Chronicles of Carling
ford,), scene in England, an Australian nymph
named Nettie is quite a new creation, yet wonder
fully natural. The other, Captain Clutterbuek's
Champagne, is a sprightly West Indian love-tale.
The Book-hunters' Club, Dyspepsia, Social Soience,
and Among the Lochs, are also good. The poetic
attempt entitled, What Seems to be Happenine.
Just Now with the Pope is feeble to a degree. But,
on the whole, this is a first-rate Blackwood. W. B.
Zieber is the agent here.
From Peterson and Brothers we have Essays by
the late George Brimley, M. A., Librarian of Tri
nit; Mega, Cambridge; with an Introduction by
R. IL Stoddart," and a new volume of the library
edition of De Balzac's novels, containing Eugenie
Great ; or, The Miser's Daughter," translated by
0. W. Wight and T. B. Goodrich. These are pub
lished by Rudd and Carleton, New York.
Exo,Lisu Newertraits,—From S. C. Upham,
310 Chestnut street, always attentive to the press,
we have received the Illustrated London News of
October 12, (literally crowded with first-class wood
engravings,) and Illustrated News of the World
of the same date, with inferior wood-cats, but with
a supplement-portrait, on steel ; of Matthew Ed
ward Ward, a living English painter of great ce
lebrity. We also have the Weekly Times of the
same date, one of the very best London papers,
now reduced to two cents each number. This is
awfully cheap, for London.
TIIB cOURTS,—DISTEICT CoußT—Judge
Shszowood.—Davict Sidlow vs. Jacob Kohler, owner, re.
pitted owner, and contractor. An action on a mechnitieB
lien. Verdict for plaintiff for 5240.20,
John 31. Morgan vs. Joseph Oroff. A action on a pro
missory note. Verdict for plaintiff for $619.69.
Thomas E. Baxter vs. Charles A. Jones. An action on
N promissory note, yt.rdict for plaintiff $195.73.
Thomas Daley yik, Awry Kelly, administratrlay ac. An
action to recover for surveying. Verdict for plaintiff for
$406.12.
DISTRICT Counr.—Judge Stroud.—Joseph
Ilimby and Nathaniel J. Lawrence, trading, dic., vs.
Charles M. Burns. An action on a promissory note.
George Epponaheimer Ye. Delaware and Raritan Canal
eunipanr. An action to recover damages for loss of son
of plaintiff, who was killed, in 1855, by the explosion of
a boiler in one of the boats of the company.
. .
Joseph blcliissick vs. Benj. Riley, Thomas
and Mary Ann, his wife, and Andrew M. Donahue. An
action of replevin. Verdict for defendant. Rent in Cr
tear, 5a3.73; value of goods, 1240.
THE REBELLION.
Interesting News from the South.
THE REASON THE REBEL ARMY OF THE
POTOMAC FELL BACK.
A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE
UNION PEOPLE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
REPORTS CONCERNING THE BAT
TLE OF BALL'S BLUFF.
THE PLANS OF THE BATTLE.
GEN. STONE'S* ORDERS TO COL..I44XER
AFFAIRS IN KENTUCKY.
THE ENAMITEENT QE THE UNION ARMY
Later Irrom Fertress Monroe.
4p. &G. SO.
AFFAIRS IN MISSOURI.
temoat's Ileadluarters.
,
A &vetch from neneii4 rid/tont announces tt
victory, - by his body-guard, over Ole rebels near
Springfield, at which place Lyon - felt: The
name of the town is printed differently. On Some
maps- it is spelled Munansville, and upon others
flermansville. It is ten miles north of Bolivar, and
forty miles north of Springfield. Twenty-two miles
north-northeast of Springfield, the first brigade of
Fremont's column, under Sigel, had shown its head
as early as Thursday last. Twenty miles south.
southwest of it, Price's main body lay. The most,
recent advicos declare that Pricer advance guard
had ranched
Neosho,
A town less than fifteen miles from the Kansas
line, and twenty miles in a southwesterly direction
from Carthage, and not more than twenty miles
from Rutledge, very close upon the borders of
Kansas. It seems now to be a race between the
pursuer and the pursued ; the former seeking most
anxiously to reach the Arkansas frontier, and the
latter to intercept him, and compel him to fight
ere he can get beyond the confines of Missouri.
Neosho is the county seat of Newton county, and
is two hundred miles southwest of Jefferson City.
Nearly the whole country about it is one wide
prairie. An occasional spur of the Ozark Moun
tains runs down into that part of the State, looking
as lone and desolate as if it had lost its family corn
panionship. Nothing but rains upon the prairie,
rendering the soil so moist that the transportation
of heavy wagons and of cannon will be rendered
impossible, will prevent the Union troops from
catching Price and forcing him to turn at bay and
fight.
His line of retreat in Arkansas lies through
Rutledge.
The county sent of McDonald county—the south
easternmost county of Missouri. twenty miles south
of Neosho, lying almost upon the northern line of
Arkansas. The village is a small, mean affair, such
as makes even the hardy Weetern pioneer almost
shudder to ask for a night's lodging after a day's
drenching over the deep miry prairie. The first
point at which Price can rest his weary retreating
soldiery will be at
Bentonville,
The most flourishing and thrifty town in North•
western Arkansas. Its population is fully one
thousand, its people industrious, and the soil about
it arable and highly productive. This county
(Benton) cast a heavy vote against the ordinance of
Secession. Its population is largely of Northern
extraction, and still long for a return •of the good
old days gone by."
They would hail Fremont's arrival as a signal for
deliverance.
Must Beware.
A long, ardent pursuit of over three hundred
miles rang. soldiery. DiricUul. as an
army of twenty .five thousand mast be, IMO bri
gades, often separated by a whole day's march,
care must be taken that an exasperated enemy
does not tarn upon and overwhelm one brigade ere
another come to its relief. Such precaution is
absolutely one of the first duties of a general.
Why cannot the Union troops at Rolla. Ironton,
and Freclericktown at once organize into a column,
and, assisted by those which can be spared from
Cape Girardeau, begin a parallel movement toward
.Cairo and Southeastern Missouri? Such a move_
meat would clear Missouri of all invaders within a
fortnight.
Cavalry Charge at Springfield—Major
Zagonyi,.
The officer who made the splendid cavalry charge
at Springfield three days ago, is a Hungarian by
birth. Among the officers who came over in ISO,
from the wreck of Hungarian liberty, thoroughly
imbued with devotion to popular rights, was the
present major of Fremont's body guard. In per•
son very small, but of fine appearance, of quick,
active movements, he is brave to a fault.
During the campaigns of 1818-49 ho served part
of the time as a captain of cavalry within the line,
and part of it upon the staff of the gallant, dashing,
skilful Dem ; enjoying to the last, upon the fatal
field of Ternesvar, the full confidence of his dis
tinguished commander. He is thirty-eight years
of age, full of fire, energy, and life, and devoted to
the cause in which he is engaged. During the
Hungarian campaigns he performed more than one
brilliant charge at the head of his cavalry. He
will attain a wide reputation, or perish.
AFFAIRS IN KENTUCKY.
A New Union Movement in Kentuck)
The Union forces under General Nelson (who
was sketched some days ago in The Press) have
begun a forward movement from their camp at
Washington, Mason county, upon John C. Breckin
ridge's forces, stationed at Prestonburg. Their
route lies by Maysville, along a magnificent turn
pike seventeen miles in length, through the beau
tiful Tillage of
Flenungsburg,
the county seat of Fleming county, one of the
prettiest villages in Northern Kentucky. Here
resides Watson Andrews, long distinguished for his
versatility of talent, eccentricity of disposition, and
unewerving devotion to the Union. Alike devoted
to fun, enjoyment, hard work, immense relaxation,
and occasional utter abandon to the pleasures of
life, he has been for thirty years one of the leading,
trusted, eloquent lawyers of Northern Kentucky.
Sometimes a member of the Legislature, anon in
Congress, now the eloquent devotee of Clay, then.
the. doioted partisan of Taylor, Scott, Fillmore.
and Bell, the load-star of his existence has been
the Union, one and indivisible.
For three months past he has devoted his entire
energy and time to bringing his native State into
" keeping step to the music of the Union." Right
north of his location lie the northern mountain
counties of his State. Among their people he has
ever been a favorite . . With them he has labored
most assiduously on the stump in behalf of his
favorite cause, the ever-standing theme of his
eloquence.
Ile, like the venerable Crittenden. has reached a
good old age, and but for the elastic fibre of his
frame, and thrilling energy of his brain, would ere
long be gathered to his fathers. He will live by
sheer force of will to see this contest over Lithe
in person, of small physique, he is a mere bundle of
nerves kept in their places by enough of bone and
iaurele to eenatitute the balance of a lava_ delicate
man's frame.
Flemingsburg contains about twelve hundred
people, cordoned all about upon an undulating,
hilly surface. Its leading people favor the cause
of the Union most heartily, and the yeomanry of the
county are decoked to the cause of the country.
They have in the county a limn (hard of full
five hundred, who crush out Secession wherever it
exists or crops out, A Sergeant Dudley, son of a
celebrated hotel keeper in Flemingsburg, recently,
at the head of sixty of these Home Guards,
put hors du combat a large number of Secessionists
from Nicholas, an adjoining county, completely dis
persing the entire band of two hundred who had
come over the border" to overawe the Union sen
timent of "Old Fleming."
Gen. Nelson's force will march thence into Bath,
to a celebrated watering-place called the
Olympian Springs.
Rare a large number of the aim of Fleming,
Bath, and Montgomery counties are wont to easem
ble during the summer season. The old-fashioned
gallantry of Kentucky, its courtesies and high
toned action, which separated, twenty years ago,
the Virginia hospitality and elegance of the after
revolutionary period from the bullyism and bowie
knifeima of the present Richmond regime, and
which, a score of years ago, were the prevailing
characteristics of social life in Kentucky, prevail
here in a more perfect state of preservation than in
any other portion of the State, The frequenters
of these Springs have been less inoculated with the
bullying element than any other part of Kentucky
social life. — Removed from railroads ; a quiet, con
tented people, following the life of the past genera
tion: they regard human life as sacred, and only to
be sacrificed for their country, or under great per
sonal wrong to self or family.
At this point Gen. Nelson will be joined by two
thoroughly filled and equipped regiments of native
Kentuckians. These, added to his present force of
TWO CENTS.
one Ohio, one Indiana, and two Kentucky regi
ments. will give him a fore of near six thou
sand. A regiment will joiri him at this point from
the county seat of Maistgr,mery,
3111 - `sterling,
A point where dm% uis a population of near upon
two thousand. Thy re is much wealth, beauty, and
educa tio n in Thaitymm. It is about forty miler from
Min-14 is tq - southeaatcrly direction , Itinkston
creek, a bratant, of the Licking river, runs by the
town. Upw, it, and its branches, many a fatal
combat now rred between the whites and the In
dians thrare-quarters of a century ago. Leaving
this plaice to the westward, his column will reach
the ettu',ity gmt, of Morgan county,
West Liberty,
Twe►nty_two miles from the Springs, and forty
miles from Prestonburg, the camp of the rebels.
It is situated upon the Licking river, and has a
'population of several hundreds. Its distance from
Frankfort is one hundred 'ldles.
The Advantages of - Nelson's Advance,
Will be to relieve the whole of the mountain
counties of Kentucky from the contaminating
presence of the rebels. Their leadersean nu longer
tamper with the loyalty of the people. They can
not threaten the rear or right flank of ItJ3eerana :
toneh letr can they resieh the Ohio I . lVet• ttt the
mouth of the Big samiy i as they hays threatened
:Le. The Ohio regiment stationed at Louisa
will be relieved. and can join this advance ; and the
mountaineers, naturally warlike, for they are all
huntsmen, will rush by thousands to the - Union
standard.
This force of rebels at Prestonburg. is the only
one forth of Zollicoffer's column at Cumberland
G a p, and jiy defeating and driving it back Nelson
will free all ICorthern and Eastern Kentucky from
the presence of ail paned the. He will do this. and
then quietly but elliTliVely drop down and rein•
force, with overwhelming numbers, Colonel Gar
rard's division, at " Camp Wildcat!' Zollicoffer
cannot, for an instant, resist their united force.
Knoxville, at least, will be reached for winter qu'ar
tern, end even by this column may be first enjoyed
the high honor of controlling the line of the - Virgi•
nia and Tennessee Railroad.
The Union Army Encamped Near the
Birthplace of President Lincoln.
A correspondent of the Cincinnati Casette, writing
fret. Kentucky ? under (Liao of October 24,
Bays:
It is a somewhat singular fact that ‘, Lincoln's in
vading army •' in Kentucky is now encamped with
in a few miles of Lincoln's birthplace. President
Lincoln was born near the Rolling Fork of Salt
River, and but a short distance from the village
of Hodgesville. llis old home was originally in
Ilardin county ; (in which the present " Camp
Nevin" is situated,) but the county has since been
divided, and the portion which contains the old
homestead of the President now constitutes the
new county of Larue. The place where the now
famous cabin boy was born is still pointed out by
the inhabitants. and there are several men here who
remember "little Abe Lincoln " as an old-time
playfellow. Differing widely es they do. and some
of them being ardent Secessionists, it is worthy of
note that they all profess unbounded confidence in
the man. " Ile was a poor boy," they say, " but a
mighty clever, whole-sonled little fellow, whom
you could trust with anything." Mr. Lincoln per
sonally they have full faith in, but they dislike
c, the men he's got around him in his Cabinet.'
Singularly enough, while the present President
was'born in this county, the late one practiced law
here. With that shrewd eye for the main chance
for which Mr. Buahanan has always been dis
tinguished. he once resolved to enter upon the
mysteries of the "land practice " in the then new
country of Western Kentucky. Combining atten
tion to other people's claims with speculations on
his own account, the Old Functionary thought to
make a good thing of it, but he happened to be
beaten in two or three oases by parties for whose
abilities he had conceived a
. profound contempt.
based upen their rough exteriors. and the embryo
President speedily migrated Eastward again, de
claring. in grand disgust, that " every horse-thief
and jail-bird in the Western country knew more
about land-law than he did."
MISCELLANEOUS WAR NEWS.
Reports Coneeraing the Battle at Ball's
Mum:eons:, Oct. 29.—The following statement
has been derived from a highly respectable refugee
from Leesburg :
When the intention of throwing the Federal
troops across the river first became' apparent the
rein/ farces in the neighlderlleCli ef Leesburg were
so small that it was almost decided not to offer any
resistance.
Some reinforcements were, however, brought up
from back of Leesburg, and with the force thus
gathered. not altogether exceeding three thousand,
it was resolved to make a stand.
Both partite, it was admitted at Leesburg, fought
desperately. The rebels feared that they would be
surrounded by a large force which it was antici
pated Gen. Banks would throw across at the ferry
above where the battle was fought, and the most
desperate efforts were made to defeat Gen. Baker
before the expected reinforcements could come to
his relief.
The Federal troops. though overmatched in
numbers, stood out against the attack manfully and
bravely. Both parties suffered severely in killed
and wounded. Our informant saw over 100 dead
rebels, whilst their wounded were so numerous
that all the farm-house: in the neighborhood were
occupied as temporary hospitals.
The number of Federal soldiers captured our
informant did not ascertain. lie saw one party of
one hundred and ten taken off, but it is understood
that two other squads had previously been sent
ftwey.
The expectation which at first prevailed, that the
National troops would be able to advance in over
whelming numbers to Leesburg, occasioned the ut
most excitement. The Unionists, of whom there
are a large number : were prepared to receive and
welcome the army, while many Secessionists had
made preparations to leave. The repute of the
National troops, of course, caused a corresponding
depression with one class, and most extraordinary
exultation with the other.
After the battle, the rebels rapidly hurried up
their reinforcements, and at the time to which our
information extends, it was estimated that they
had from 10,000 to 15,000 men at Leesburg and
Waterford.
The Plan of the Battle of Ball's Bluff
A correspondent of the Boston Journal says:
The plan of the battle (of Ball's Bluff) is exceed
ingly simple, and can be represented nearly aeon
rately by straight lines. The following representa
tion will give a general idea, althongh a few curved
lines and angles are necessary to give the positions
perfectly :
LEERntrx
Rebels.
Open .Field
4
stt I /
3 2I
Ed- Con
wards' Potomac. (Island.) rad'e
Ferry. Ferry
1. Nassachusets Fifteenth.
3. Mamachusetts Twentieth.
3. California and Tammany.
4. Two mountain howitzers and one of James'
rifled guns.
To make this correct, let the reader imagine the
rebels, instead of being in disconnected parties and
forming three sides of a hollow square. us drawn up
in the form of a ereseent, sheltered mainly by the
woods and by the corn stacks. They advanced
their skirmishers from tree to tree, and from stack
to stack. They stood on high ground—on the top
of a gentle slope, and had every advantage in posi
tion.
A portion of the Fifteenth was deployed as skir
mishers, to meet the rebels advancing from the
North, while the remainder of the Fifteenth was
put in position with the Twentieth to face those in
front. The river, with its steep bluff, was behind
them, and the men knew that they had got to
fight against fearful odds. Lieut. Pierce, of the
regular army, was in command of the two howit
zers, and he opened upon the advancing foe with
a well-directed fire, which ohecked them. Lieut.
Braaten Commanded the gun of the Rhode Island
Battery, and joined in with discharges so well di
rected that the body of the enemy hesitated about
advancing. For an hour the fire was kept up at pret
ty long musket range. The rebels picked their
Plea, Bring from the corn-stacks, and oMeer
after officer fell before the galling fire which every
minute becomes more severe. It was returned
with great spirit. Sometimes there was a lull in
the roll, then a pattering like rain-drops in a gentle
shower, then a roll and roar. The Massachusetts
Fifteenth, being much exposed, suffered terribly,
but there was no flinching. The men, when one of
their number fell, closed up the broken ranks with
all the steadiness of veterans. The rebels kept
pressing on nearer and yet still nearer as reinforce
ments arrived, swelling their numbers, it is esti
mated, to about 7.000. General Baker rode along
the ranks at this juncture . and addressed his bri
gade. They bad retired partly behind a low
ridge to escape the murderous fire. He urged them
to make a bold stand, and was heard to say : "If
I lwd two more such, regiment, a, the lifor.s,,adue
&VS Fifteenth, 1 irgold Grit euy wo.y to Leesd
burg A few moments later he fell, pierced by
four balls, either one of which would have been
fatal.
The command now devolved upon Colonel
Cogswell. of the Tammany Regiment, which had
just arrived. A body of rebels on the extreme len
d' our force was pouring in a galling fire, Colonel
Cogswell erdered the Tammany boys to make a
charge and drive them back. The men obeyed the
order so far as they were able, but they were met
by a leaden hailstorm which did terrible execution.
It was now past five o'clock. The enemy out
numbered them four to one, and it was impossible
to hold the position. Reinforcements could Stet
Le sent over because the only means of ferriage
1108 one SCOW, capable of carrytng seventy per
sons. and two small boats, which were constantly
employed in carrying the wounded to the Mary
land sidE. If it be asked why such a body of men
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were thrown across with such inefficient means of
communication with the main force, it may he
stated in justification that the reconnoissance of
Copt, Phildrick, in ?tot meeting with a k fowl e
picket, led to the conclusion that the rebels were
not in farce is, the immediate vicinity. Also, it
was designedt feint to cover the crossing of the
main part oft •
''stow of the army wain' Wm.
r
Stone, at Edwar y, which tvts successfully
accomplished. There is no doubt that when the
klatzlehtufetts l'ittavnth tußae Its appearance in the
morning the rebels reasoned thus: They have
avoided the ferry roads and our awaked ballet*,
and are going to split us open by an advance in
front. As Gen. Stone did not show himselLtill late
in the forenoon, they supposed there was to be no
advance in these directions, find accordingly rushed
to repel the supposed advance in the centre. Um
withdrew all their pickets at Edwards' Perry, and
when Gen. Stone arrived there he met with no op
position, but gained the Virginia shore in strong
force. while the fight was going on. The force un
der Baker became at lost, not de.signetlly, how
seer, almost a forlorn hope.
.... Order of Gen, McClellan.
The following order has been issued by Gen. Ma.
Cießon concerning the affair all 131111 ' R Bluff. com
plimenting in high terms General Stone and hit.
gallant command
IIEADQI"AHTERS Aran• Op THE POTOMAC,
WASHINGTON, Oct. 213, 1861.
The Major General commanding thy army of the
Potomac desires to offer his thanks, and to express
1 1 j 8 itilitliratloq of tlteir conduct, to the officers and
men of the detachments of the Fifteenth and Twen
tieth Massachusetts, First California and Tammany
regiments and the First 'United States Artillery
and Rhode Island Battery, engaged in the dam
of Monday last near Harrison - 8 Island. The gab ,
!entry and discipline there displayed deserved a
more fortunate result; but, situated as those troops
were, cut off alike from retreat and reinforcements,
and attacked by an overwhelming force of frem
five thousand to seven thousand, it was not possi
ble that the issue could be successful. Under hap
pier auspices such devotion will insure victory.
The General Commanding feels increased confi
dence in the troops composing General :tone's di
vision, and is sure that when next they meet the
enemy they willfully retrieve this check, for which
they are nut accountable.
By order of
Major General McChr.bbsta,
WiLtAaws,. Arsistant Adjutant General.
General Stone's Orders to Colonel Bolger.
The following are exact copies of the orders from
General Stone to Colonel Baker, which were found
beneath the lining of the latter's hat by Captain
Young, his aid, after the body bad been taken from
the field. Both ttie deeply ititined with O g io nlq i
Baker's blood, and one of tho bullets, which went
through his head, carried away a corner of the'
first :
11. Q. CORI'S or Sliere the bullet struck, and
a word is missing.) EDWARDS' FERRY,
October 21. 11461. •
COLONEL L. D. BAKER, COIN. or BITIOADE- -
Colonel ; In case of heavy firing in front of Har.
rison's Island. you will advance the California Re
giment of your brigade, or retire the regiments
under Colonels Lee and Devens, now on the (almost
rendered illegible by blood) Virginia side of the
river, at your discretion ; assuming command on ar
rival. Very respectfully. Colonel,
Your mo. obt, servt..
0)1.i P. Stuns, Brig. Gen. eolith.
The second order,
which foliates, was delivered
on the battle-field by Colonel Cogswell, whe said
to Colonel Baker. in reply to a question what it
meant, " All riot, go ahead." Thereupon, Colo
nel Baker put it in his hat without reading. An
hour afterward he fell.
1 - IBAINVARTZTIS CORPS OF ()RUM - ATI - ON,
EDWARD'S FERRY, Oct. 11-11.30.
E. D. BAKER, Corn ntandiv gB ri gade :
CoLoNEL—I am informed that the force of the
enemy is about 4,000, all told. If you can push
them, you may do so as fares to have a strong posi
tion near Leesburg, if you can keep them before
you; avoiding their batteries. If they pass Lees
burg and take the Gum Springs road, you will not
follow far, but seize the first good position to cover
that. road.
Their design is to draw us on, if they are obliged
to retreat, e- far as Coo , e Creek. where they c.a
be reinforced. freta Manassas : and have a strut
position,
Report frequently, so that when they are pushed,
Gorman can come up on their flank.
Tours respectfully and truly,
CHARLES P. STONE,
Brigadier General Commanding.
Hoar' the Rebels Treat Cowardly and
The Buffalo Conner says
A gentleman who was at Fort Pickens at the time
Lieut. Russell burnt the schooner Judith, then fit
ting out as a privateer at the navy yard, informs us
that the captain of the schooner and the sentinel on
the permanent wharf at Tartar Point, were hung
the next leornrn o e- on die tunditrg Means fa the
ee }4 , aPeileg i the lance lin ne
glect of deity. The expedition started from the
fort in the darkness of the night, and pulled up the
bay near the island, using muffled oars. After
proceeding some two or three miles, Lieut. Russell
struck across the harbor above the yard, and then
Caine down close to the shore, without pretence of
concealment, expecting to be mistaken for boats
from the town of Pensacola. The ruse was success
ful, The boats were seen by the sentinel, bet
being deceived by the device, the Judith was
boarded before the alarm became general. There
was a brisk fight, but the work was done, and a re
treat effected with promptitude. It was charged
that the captain showed the white feather, and he
was strung up without an unnecessary Mg, Aud
the sentinel met a similar fate, on the principle,
probably, that a mistake is as bad as a crime.
This seems harsh and cruel, and so it is ; but we
are not certain that a little severity exercised upoa
some of our delinquents, both at Little Bethel aid
Bull Run, would not have been equally just and
wise.
MON 114); October 22, via Dalt:more.
The prevalent gale has again delayed the program
of the expedition.
Two prisoners belonging to a Georgia rebel
regiment were yesterday brought in from Great
Bethel.
Some refugees from Yorktown state that tha
rebels are in considerable force in the vicinity', aria
that there is an apprehension of an early attack by
the Federel troops.
There is a large fleet of transports bound to
Washington at Old Point, which are unable to
ascend the Potomac.
Commodious barracks are being erected for tho
contrabands, none of whom are to go with the ex
pedition. General Meigs has directed Quarter
master Tallntadge to provide for them, in the way of
shelter and clothing, as well at least as has bees
customary with good masters in Virginia
John C. Breckinridge at Richmond.
(From the Memphis Appeal, Oct. 22.]
RICHMOND, Oct. 21. 1861.
The Hons. John C. Breekinridge, Humphrey
Marshall, and Wm. B. Preston arrived here today
from the West. A large crowd congregated at. the
railroad depot and extended them a most en
thuiastie reception. Mr. Breckinridge made as
appropriate speech to the hearty greetings of, the
multitude.
THE - ARMY OF TnE POTOMAC FALLS BACK TO GEN..
TREVILLE—ALL SORTS OF RUMORS—PROBABLE
FEINTS TO COVER THE MARCH OF A STRONG
COLUMN INTO KENTUCKY—AN ARMSTRONG GUM
IN RICHMOND—NEW ENFIELD RIFLES DITTO , r.
POSTAGE STAMPS—SEQUESTRATION OF THE RIV ES.
Rebel
Skirmishers
rentt.y PROPERTY /N ALBEMARLE.
rorrespendettee of the Memphis Appeal, Oct. iq
RICHMOND, Oct. 17, 18131.
The army of the Potomac has fallen back front
Fairfax Court house, sure enough. The main body
is now at Centreville. This is just what I gave you
as news, yesterday. that such a movement had been
ordered. They will fall back farther yet. They
will keep falling bask. They will conjugate the
compound verb. to fall back, in all its moods and
tenses. Or. rather, I might say, in every mood ex
cept the potential. Nobody has the least idea of
what it all means—that is, nobody about town.
The President, who keeps his own counsels, and the
bright-eyed little Secretary of War, who doesn't
whisper a word of the business of his office, even to
the partridges he eats for dinner, may know, but
all else are Ignorant. That the army will retire as
far as the old lines of their entrenchments at
Manassas Junction, I have learned upon good
authority.
Meanwhile, the town is wild with rumors. The
Yankees, we are told, aro moving in a strong co
lumn under General Banks upon Harper's Ferry.
There NOD a report to-day that they were landing
at I:rbanna, on the Rappahannock. Also, that
another heavy attack was about to be attempted on
the Evansport battery, and that an effort would be
made to put troops ashore to take it in the rear.
In addition to this, great activities are reported at
Fortress Monroe. A large number of horses and
sixty or seventy rifled cannon have been received.
there within a few days. It is impossible to get at
the truth of any one of these rumors. Probably there
is just enough of foundation for them to justify us
in believing that several feints will be made in the
East, while a powerful army will be thrown into
Kentucky. The great straggle It't(( Oe iu that
Statefor the present. If I aught venture to Rug=
gest the reason for the backward 'movement 1M
Fairfax, I should say it was designed to release
a considerable portion of Johnson's arPty for
operation zn another
. quarter, leaving Beaure
gard's command to defend the border against an
advance of the Yankees, whichit could successful
ly do. should the odds be ten to one in favor of the
invaders.
NOOLESVILLE
Ono of the Arrest:roils steel gun. brought ever in
the Bermitrla passed through the city yesterday.
It is a tremendous piece of ordnance, and exeited
great attention as it was drawn through the streets.
Numbers of the new Enfield rifles, with the sabre
bayonet, made their appearance this morning in
the bands of soldiers to whom they had been distri
buted. It is a beautiful lid very dangerous look
ing weapon, which the Yankees may soon become
acquainted with at the other end.
There has been a considerable run on the Post
Office Department for stamps since the delivery of
them commenced, and the supplyhaa been exhausted
for the time, but they will be abundant again in a
few days. The stamp is really quite a good one,
though somewhat defective in adhesive quality,
atul Ineonveniont in sheets front not having been
perforated with dividing lines fur tearing them
apart. The omission will create a demand for
scissors, and there will probably be a rise in the
latter article.
. .
A large amount of real property has been entered
on the books of the receiver for sequestration in
the county of Altionarle. tkelonsing to two tolit and
a daughter of the lion. 'William C. Rives. Three
bodies of land of eight hundred acres each, which.
weresettled upon them by the father, are embraced
[Continua on fourth plge.l
01.01
12.00
41 (to 010 tularGsa) 10.00
(to address of
ORNERAI. ORDEIt NO. 3.1
Faithless Officers,
From Fortress Monroe
SOUTHERN NEWS.
Letter from Richmond