FRIDAY, SEPT. 27,18G1.
EXTRACT FROM THE LAST SPEECH OF
STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS.—“The conspiracy
to break up the Union is a fact now known to
all* Armies are beius raised* and war levied
In accomplish it* There can be but two sides
to the controversy* Every man must be on the
side of the United States or against it. There
con be no neutrals in this war. There can be
June bat patriots and traitor** 11
FOR SALE.—The double-cylinder “TAYLOtt” PRESS
Or which this paper ha* bconVintfd for tlio last nine
months. It id in excellent condition* having beeu m:uto
to order a year ago* and trill t*a sold at & bargain. For
terms apply at this office, or address Jons W. Forms Y,
417 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Capture of James B. Clny.
A despatch from Cincinnati states that Hon.
James B. Clay has been arrested for treason,
and Jons C. Breckinridge has had a narrow
escape from a similar fate. It is a sad thing
that a son of so eloquent and unswerving a
friend of the Union as the great statesman of
Ashland should liavo been guilty of affiliating
with the wicked traitors who are seeking to
destroy it; hut he has been among the most
active supporters of the Secession cause, and
he has endeavored in every possible way to
render it aid and comfort.-"
JAMES B, Cut was horn in Washington
city, in 1817, and combined to an unusual ex
tent the practical ability of a business mail
with skill and knowledge as a politician. In
early life he spent two years in a counting
house in Boston, from which city lie emigrated
to St. Louis. When twenty-one years o( age
he returned to Kentucky, and after being en
gaged for two years in manufacturing, lie
studied law, and after his admission to the bar
continued to praetiee the legal profession, as
the partner of his father, until 184.‘J, when
lie was appointed charge d’affaires to Lis.
bon. He returned home in 1850, and in
1851 removed to Missouri. In 1853 he be
came the ’proprietor of Ashland, where he
lias since resided. In 1850 he warmly advo
cated the election of James Buchanan, and in
1857 he was nominated as the Democratic
candidate for Congress, in liis district, uml
elected. He had accumulated a large pro
perty, invested chiefly in plantations and
. negroes, and of late years has become a more
and more decided partisan of extreme pro-
Mavory views. By his arrest, one of the most
active and dangerous enemies of tbo Govern
ment will be prevented from doing any fur
ther mischief.
The National Loan
The success that attends the financial move
ments of the Government is a sure forerunner
of the certain triumph which it will eventually
secure by its military movements against the
gigantic- rebellion. Men and money are the
great essentials in every contest, and, while the
former, taken from the peaceful arts of life,
are being moulded into that strong arm whose
force shall bring reason and a proper appre
ciation of government to the traitors, posterity
will not fail to award due praise to those pa
triotic citizens whoso means are contributing
so much to the maintenance and support of law
and order.
The opening of agencies tor popular sub
scriptions to the national loan, and the heartl
and patriotic response of the masses, will
mark an era in our country’s history. Here
will date the fact which was proclaimed to the
world—but not believed—that the Govern
ment was enthroned in the hearts of tlie peo
ple, and not merely viewed as a medium of in
dividual aggrandizement. When these strong
pulsations of the popular heart are under
stood in Europe, as they soon will be, the tone
of the press, controlled by the money kings,
will he sensibly modified. Instead of striving
to belittle our Government, and to get its loans
at a heavy discount, they will bo amazed at
the solidity of our democratic institutions,
which they consider incompatible with unity
aud good government.
It is estimated that over one million dollars
per day are now contributed to the treasury—
and while the loan yields support and income
to our own people, its proceeds are not dis
bursed abroad to enrich foreign nations, but
returned to our mechanics as the reward of
honest toil in furnishing supplies and materials
necessary to successful, action against the re
bellion.
It only remains to ask each man and woman
in the community to consider that it is their
sacred duty to transmit to posterity tho rich
blessings which the sacrifices and devotion of
our Revolutionary fathers bequeathed to
them, and that all should, according to their
ability, contribute to tlio Government such
support as will insure the suppression of tlie
conspiracy, and make America forever, what
she was designed by Providence to be, a safe
and sure asylum for tlie world’s oppressed.
“State Rights” in Kentucky.
For what is termed “ State Rights,” the
leaders of the rebellion have always expressed
a superior devotion. For this idea they have
ever been ready to sacrifice the Union, under
the plea that, while the allegiance due to the
national authorities might be easily set aside,
it was tlie duty of every good citizen to abide
by the decision of the State in which he re
sided. The so-called “ Secession ”of South
ern States is the only justification which the
officers of our army and navy, who threw up
their commissions, ever pretended to make for
their withdrawal from their posts at the time
v. hen their services were most needed. When
a Union man in ihe South is persecuted and
ruined, it is on tlie ground that his highest al
legiance is due to his State Government, aud
that at its bidding he should array himself in
deadly opposition to the Federal Government.
Another favorite point of the Secessionists
and their sympathizers is that no war of “ suh
.ingation” should he made in this country, and
that when any treasonable Legislature or Con
vention chooses to declare that any State is
no longer connected with the Union, it should
be peacefully permitted to depart from the
Confederacy.
It is curious to notice how fully and com
pletely both these principles are disregarded
by the traitors in their present war upon
Kentucky. There, if anywhere, they were en
titled to peculiar respect from the traitors,
because the famous State rights resolutions of
’9B were adopted by her Legislature, and if
any one State more than another deserved a
scrupulous respect of her “ State sovereignty,”
it is the one that first'enunciated the creed
which the traitors have, by shameful perver
sions, construed into a warrant for their
present doctrines.
Yet, Kentucky, although she repudiated and
repelled the heresy of Secession time and
again, after the question had been presented
in every imaginable form, is still not «let
alone.’’ The people and the Legislature hare
decided against any participation in the rebel
lion, by an immense majority, and although
the Secession sympathies of Governor Magof
hn led him to veto several loyal acts, yet after
they were readopted by a constitutional vote,
in spite of his hostility, even he did not refuse
to issue a proclamation warning the invaders
off the soil of the State. But this position
does not afford her the slightest protection.
She is assailed with the avowed object of plun
dering and subjugating her, because the lead
ers of the rebellion declare that in no event
will she be permitted to unite her destinies
with those of the North, and they are making
a desperate effort to conquer and hold her tut a
dependent province of the proposed Secession
kingdom. This is a sufficiently significant
commentary upon the sublimated theories of
State Eights which the favorite orators of the
South in former times delighted to elabo
rate. And, from present indications, no act
of Vandalism and barbarity will be wanting to
prove tiie cruelty and wantonness of the trai
tors as well as their inconsistency and wicked
ness. They haTe already destroyed the Green
Hirer locks, which were one of the most valu
able improvements in the State; they propose
to quarter their unscrupulous and marauding
troops upon the people, thus robbing them of
their provisions; they are endeavoring to
force their way to Louisville, that they may
plunder and sack it, and at no point which
may unhappily fall under their control, is it
probable that they will respect tho rights or
property of loyal men.
From the sketches we have given upon our
first and fourth pages of a number of the ser
mons delivered in our city yesterday, a very
fair idea of the views of the clergymen of Phi
ladelphia may be obtained. Although there
are shades of differences of opinion in regard
to the causes, objects, and probable results of
the war, yet all unite in urging its vigorous
prosecution as a sacred duty.
j Is Lord Lyons Neutral 1
I Writing from Washington, on the ’-7th of
! August. Mr. Ei -,-ki.l informed the readers of
; Hit* f.O min,! Timex that the l-nited Stales (!o
-| comment had acted offensively aud illegally in
! the arrest o! Mr. Mure, “an American natu
! r.t'.izrd subject," who, when hearing despatches
i addressed to Earl Russell, by Mr. Bunch,
j the British Consul at Charleston, also took
c-horgo of £c other letters, Written by people in
the South, who are, of course, Secessionists,
to their friends in Europe.” Mr. More, who
is British by birth, and American by naturali
zation, waa seized on board the mail steamer
for England,'on August 14th, and committed
to Fort Lafayette, whore he has since re
mained.
Mr. lies sell mentions that the despatch for
Earl Russell having been found among
Mi iik’s papers, Mr. Seward
“ Applies to Lord Lyons to come and see it opened,
I believe, and as«ist him in disposing of it. Lord
Lyons dee-lines to do anything of the hind. The
despatches addressed to the British minister have
been seized. They are in the custody of the Secre
tary of State for Foreign Affairs of the W ashing
ton Government. Lot the United States Govern
ment deal with them. Mr. Seward, of course, can
not send the despatches direct to Earl ltussell, and.
the strange proceeding of forwarding the communi
cations of a British consul with his Government by
the Socrotary of State at Washington to the Ameri
can minister at London, who will probably there
upon remit them to Downing street, will be the
result —with what after conclusion it is not easy to
say.”
How did Mr. Russell know of Lord Lyons’
declining to seo Mr. Seward about this de
spatch ? We, wlio read the news from Wash
ington very carefully, never found this fact in
it. It is told for the first lime by Mr. Rus
sell, who can scarcely be in Mr. Seward’s
confidence, though it seems that Lord Lyons
so much fraternizes with this “ special” slan
derer of the North as to communicate one of the
secrets of the British Embassy to him. Sir
John Crami'ton received his passports from
President Pierce for conduct not nioroblmuo
ablo than this.
The despatch to Lord Russell was duly for
waidcd by Mr. Seward, and as duly reached
its destination.
\Fc wonder whether it was also under the
inspiration of the British Embassy at Wash
ington, that Mr. Russian added the following
curious assertion;
** Mr. Mure seems to have acted improperly if
ho has indoed convoyed any despatches for the
Southern Commissioners under the cover of the
passport granted to him by the British consul as
bearer of despatches; but it is very doubtful in
deed whether the arrest itself was not unlawful ,
ii,f the British flag should have protected him
for any political offence, and if the captain of the
vessel had refused to give him up, the question
would have assumed a very serious form.”
Whoever supplied the doctrino here set
forth, whether Mr. Russell, tho special lettor
writer, or Lord Lyons, her Britannic Majesty’s
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten
tiary, clearly, is ignorant of international law.
Mr. Mure violated the law in aiding and allot
ting the public enemy of the United States.
As un American citizen he is aiuenablo to the
law, but, even had lie remained a British sub
ject, he is punishable if lie violate our laws—
for every man owes local or temporary, as dis
tinguished from natural, allegiance to the
country in which he is. Protected by its laws,
he incurs submission to them, as his devoir.
Therefore, when Mr. Russell, either utter
ing his own opinion, or expressing the opinion
of hia friend, I-ovd Lyons, that most Extraor
dinary Ambassador, or publishing a joint
opinion, intimates that tho British flag, in an
American port, should have protected an
American citizen “ for any political offence,”
he declares what is uiilruc in fact and in argu
ment.
The European Times, a Liverpool journal,
which publishes a condensation of all foreign
news, thus fairly comments on the complicity
ot Lord Lyons and Consul Bunch with .Mr.
Mure :
‘-Lord Lyons, we can readily understand, after
ihc disclosures which followed the arrest of Mr.
Muir, is not in much favor at Washington , and
tho same may bo said of the British Consul at
Charleston, Mr. Bunch. The wonder is that the
precautionary steps to which the Washington au
thorities are now haring recourse, were not put
into requisition when the civil war first broke out.
A delay of so many months showed a sense of self
reliance that no other government in the world,
similarly placed, would think of exhibiting. In
England, France, or any of the monarchical go
vernments of the Old World, the public prisons
would long since have been crammed with persons
laboring under the stigma of disaffection to the
de facto government. The new measure of pre
caution has not been adopted too soon; but, if the
presence of Lord Lyons and Mr. Bunch is
lil-ely to prove a source of irritation to Mr.
Lincoln's Government , Earl Russell ought not
to hesitate a moment in withdrawing them.
Enough is shown of the Charleston gentleman to
warrant the conclusion that he has allowed his sym
pathies to override hia judgment—a fact which is
nmclusiveltt proved by the papers found on Mr.
Muir when he was arrested on the point of his de
parture for Europe. In such a struggle as tho one
now raging in America betweon the North and
South, a strict and honorable neutrality is the only
course which can be followed by any person in the
service of the British Government, and, when it
can be shown that this neutrality has been de
parted from, the Foreign Secretary will neglect
his duty if he does not step in and relieve, the
offender from all further responsibility of ail
official hind.”
This plainly suggests to Earl Russell, Fo
reign Minister of England, that he should re
lieve Lord Lyons, the Ambassador, aud Mr.
Bunch, the Consul, from all further official
responsibility in this country. Few tears will
he shed, save by their Secessionist friends,
over such an untimely exit. The man to re
present British neutrality at Washington should
he the frieml of Constitutional liberty and the
determined enemy of treason and traitors.
Affairs in Missouri.
Missouri continues to he the theatre of the
most interesting and exciting events of tho
day. It seems evident, from tlie tone of the
St. Louis journals, that confidence is felt, not
withstanding the .surrender of Lexington, in
the ability of our troops to yet capture or
destroy the army* of General Price. He has
recently transferred a portion of his forces to
Georgetown, which is the capital of Pettis
county, located oil Ihe west fork of La Mine
river, thirty-sovon miles southwest of Boone;
villc, and about fifty miles southeast of Lexing
ton. It is near the western terminus of the
railroad leading from St. Louis, south of the
Missouri river, to Scdalia.
Ben McCi'LLOcn was supposed on the 21st
inst. to be near Fort Scott, in Kansas.
Gen. Lane has achieved a brilliant victory
over a division of the enemy, and has issued
a proclamation indicating that he will punish
treason severely hereafter.
The generals on both sides are busy in de
vising measures to thwart eacli other, and
an important engagement will no doubt soon
occur.
The Union of all loyal men in support of
the Administration, the Government and the
war, which has proved so effective, and pro
mises to terminate so successfully in the great
Republican States of Ohio and New York, will
extend to other quarters, notwithstanding the
efforts of the worshippers of mere party or
ganizations. We perceive that in this State
the Republicans and loyal Democrats of the
counties of Delaware, Chester, Montgomery,
Lancaster, Lebanon, Alleghany, York, and
Franklin, have come together on a single plat
form of devotion to the Administration and
the war. It may not be out of place to re
mind tho citizens of Philadelphia that in New
York city, where the Democratic organization
has been used so powerfully to damage the
country, Democrats and Republicans are com
bining for the purpose of nominating a single
municipal ticket against the sinister influence
of Mozart and Tammany Halls.
The Recruiting Service.
The fact cannot be disguised, that while
many districts in our country are responding
nobly to the call of the Government for
troops, others are shamefully backward. An
cxelmnge states that <•' Adjutant General
Buckingham, of Ohio, will, in a few days,
issue an order announcing a plan for an en
couragement of recruiting in that State, which
will afford citizens an authorized opportunity
to promote that service. A committee of
prominent citizens will bo appointed in each
Congressional district. These committees
will appoint camp committees, who will re
ceive recruits. All recruits will he mustered
in as soon as enrolled, and will bo clothed.
When fifty arc mustered they will ho assigned
to a regiment, and officers from among them
will be detailed to recruit the company to the
minimum number. The committee will re
port regularly to the adjutant general. This
plan will enable tho authorities to ascertain
how many regiments can be immediately filled
up in said State.” Might not a system of
this character prove serviceable in some por
tions of Pennsylvania ?
Horses and Carriages.—Mr. Herknesa’ sale at
the bazaar, Ninth and Sansom streets, on Saturday,
will comprise about thirty horses, including the
well-known, fast-trotting horses “Whiakoy ” and
“ Sorrel Redalso, a large collection of desirable
new and second-hand carriages, harness. Ao.
England and America.
An explanation, ingenious if not convinc
ing, of tho apparent enmity of the leading
English newspaper to the cause of American
freedom and constitutional (lovirritiiClit. has
been given by the London correspondent of
the Hew Ywk Times. Nay, more: this
writer also endeavors to explain away the un
deniable exultation of English politicians—
Wing and Tory (“ Tros Tyrinsvo”)—over the
attempt to break up tho great American Re
public by detaching tho Southern States from
the Federal Union which formed that Repub
lic.
When Lord John Russell said that the re
bellious States “ must be acknowledged as
belligerents ’’—when Lord Palmerston, with
neutrality on his lips, permitted the rebel
privateer Sampler to enter the principal port
of Trinidad with tho Confederate flag flying
from her mast-head, and allowed her to
coal, British officers, meanwhile, visiting
her every day—when tho Morning Herald,
organ of the Dcrby-Disraeli party, main
tained a « special correspondent ” at Rich
mond for months, whence issued his let
ters exulting over the panic-flight of Bull
Run—when Sir John Ramsden, a noted Con
servative M. P., speaking in the House of
Commons of tho Civil War in America, joy
fully proclaimed that tho bubble had burst—
when tho Quarterly Review dedicated an ela
borate article to “ tho downfall of the model
republic —when even Thackeray's Cornhill
Magazine. professing to be liberal and friend
ly, suggested that the North could not object
to the secession of the Southern States, when
the American republic was itself founded on
secession from flic Britisli empire ! —in a word,
when the vials of vituperation have been open
ed on this country for months, we are told to
consider tho enmity and abuse as “ nothing
personal 1 -’ to tho North. No such thing!
The press and politicians of England rejoice
over disunion in America—only because it
will prevent John Bright and his immediato
adherents from boasting, as thov have freely
done sinae the British expenditure ran up
from fifty to seventy millions sterling, of the
better and cheaper Government of tho United
States!
This, the London correspondent tells us,
i§ the explanation generally given by the poli
ticians and anti-American press-men of Eng
land, of the abuse which has been levelled at
us. The Morning Star and tho Daily News ,
both said to be influenced, if not owned by Mr.
Br.ianT and his friends, have Written kindly*
of the Nortli ever since Mr. Lincoln’s inau
guration, but the remaining daily papers of
London have taken a different course.
The interest which the Rothschilds have in
The Times will account for tho determined
set which that paper has made against us. To
tho Rothschilds it must have been almost a
personal indignity for Mr. Lincoln’s Govern
ment to borrow money without going for it
into tho European market, and without em
ploying them in the transaction. “ VTrito the
loan down,” we may imagine Rothschild say
ing, “at all events, if I don’t profit by it,
Jonathan shall pay a heavy interest for it.”
Meanwhile, we continue to believe that
apart from mere politicians and from cotton,
spinning speculators, the people of England
give their sympathies and best wishes to our
cause—which is that of humanity and freedom.
Francis F. Wolgnniuth.
Tins gentleman has been nominated by the
Citizens’ Union Convention as a candidate for
the office of Register of Wills of tho city and
county of Philadelphia. In reply to tho let
ter of the president of that Convention, in
forming him of his nomination, lie has written
the following patriotic and well-timed answer,
which wo are permitted to publish. Mr. Wol
r.AMUTii neither electioneered for, nor desired
the office for which he lias been named. He
was undoubtedly selected because of his well
known loyalty, his persistent opposition to
the treacheries and corruptions of Bu
chanan's Administration, and his steady ad
herence to the cause of the lamented Docolas.
A merchant in high standing, who never held
an office in his life, lie is abundantly qualified
for tho position of Register of 'Wills, and wo
sincerely Lust ho may be elected to it:
A. J. Deudysiiikk, Esq.,
President of the Citizens’ Union Convention
6ns: Your note of l(ith inst. is received, inform
ing nie that tho Convention over which you pre
sided had nominated me as a candidate for tho
office of “Register of Wills,” and in reply I beg
to say, that on the “ conditions mentioned” in your
communication I accept the nomination.
This is probably ail that would be necessary for
me to say. but I deem it proper to make one two
remarks. The Citizens’ Union Convention nomi
nated me for the office of “ Register of Wills” with-,
out any solicitation, action, or effort, on my part,
or of that of my friends.
That Convention, as I am informed, disregarded
all former party associations in its nominees. In
view of these fads, I feel it proper to state that I
have always acted with the Democratic party, and
have been, to the best of my humble ability, a con
sistent advocate of its principles. Believing that
the Administration of .Tames Buchanan had violated
a vital principle in its opposition to tho popular
sovereignty doctrines as advocatod by Judgo
Douglas, I opposed tho treasonable policy of that
Administration. Believing still that those doc
trines arc correct, I am prepared to stand by them,
whether the people should honor me with an elec
tion or not.
With many thanks for the honor conferred upon
me by your Convention,
1 am, very respectfully, yours, Ac.,
F. F. Wolgamutii.
The conditions mentioned as necessary to
be accepted by all the candidates of the Citi
zens’ Union Convention are contained in the
following four brief propositions, which arc
so full iu reference alike to great public duties
and to the necessity of securing honest muni
cipal officers that they deserve to be printed
in letters of gold :
1. It is the unanimous opinion of the Conven
tion that the Government of tho United States
must be earnestly sustained by all citizons in all
its measures for the suppression of treason and re
bellion ; that our national cxistonec doponds on a
vigorous and determined prosecution of the war
against thoEe who are in arms against it; that the
war must be carried on without encouraging our
enemies, at home or abroad, to hope for peace on
any terms short of the absolute submission of all
rebels and traitors to the Constitution and laws,
and that, in order to accomplish these objects suc
cessfully end speedily, all loyal citizons should now
unite in obliterating the party lines which have
heretofore divided them, and stand, with one ac
cord, under the flag of our country.
2. The public welfare demands that the servants
of the people shall not only be loyal to the Federal
Government, but equal to, and scrupulously exact
in, the performance of their duties; that all frauds
and peculations of men in public office shall be dis
countenanced and punished; that those whose com
pensation is derived from the fees of their offices,
shall neither charge nor receive, directly or through
their subordinates, or otherwise, any other or larger
fees than are allowed by law; and that public offi
cers, within the limits of their respective spheres,
shall be firm, fearless, and vigilant in protecting
citizens from all illegal exactions in these respeets.
3. That as all public offices are created for, they
must be subordinated to, the public good; and offi
cial patronage should Hot be used for partisan
purposes, or to promote the private advantage of
those who bestow it.
4, That every candidate for office must rely on
his individual merits and capacity for his election
by the people; and efforts to gain support from any
quarter by bribes, bargains, favors, or promises of
favors of any description, must bo regarded as evi
dence of dishonesty and corruption, which unfits
and disqualifies him from any position of public
trust.
National Loan in the Valley of the Le
high.
Wo are pleased to announce that Secretary
Chase has appointed John N. Hutchinson,
the efficient treasurer of the Lehigh Valley
Railroad Company, as an agent to obtain sub
scriptions to the national loan. Mr. Hutch
inson enjoys an extensive acquaintance in
Lehigh Valley, and will doubtless render effi
cient aid in prosecuting tho good cause. Wc
loam that ho will commence operations at
Easton, Northampton county, and afterwards
canvass Lehigh and Carbon counties. His
efforts cannot fail to bo crowned with success,
anti wo congratulate Secretary Chase on ha
ving secured so good an officer. This will
give the loyal citizens of that portion of tho
State an excellent opportunity to subscribe for
the Government loan, and thug to assist in con
ducting the war. As tho valley of tho Lehigh
is one of the oldest and most patriotic in Penn
sylvania, we feel assured that its citizens will
promptly come forward and invest their funds.
It is iMrossißLF, for an editor to be responsi
ble for all the statements of telegraphic corre
spondents, and we are very happy in correct
ing that portion of the item sent from Wash
ington to The Press, a few days ago, in which
cowardice and some other offences were im
puted to Colonel Max Einstein, of this city,
now under arrest by order of Major General
McCueixak. Colonel Einstein is undoubt
edly a brave and patriotic man, although we
do not think him the most competent to lead
a regiment in this crisis.
A Big Bar.—A single bar of metal lately
arrived at San Francisco, from "Washoe, weighing
sixty-seven and a quarter pounds, and containing
$3,769 worth of silver and $1,013 of gold.
Books for subscription to the National
Loan have boon opened in Bridgeport, Conneo
tient. The subscriptions the first day amounted to
$38,000. The amount subscribed thus far (fire
-days! was upwards of $lOO,OOO
THE TEESS.—PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1861.
LETTER FROM “ OCCASIONAL.’*
Those who know Col. Frank P. Blair need
nat he assured that ho is one of the most selr- ;
sacrificing and patriotic men living, nis
courage has been repeatedly tested. Indeed,
if the Blair family are characterized by any
one marked clement, it is their daring and
resolute intrepidity. The parents of Frank, '
and Ids brother, Postmaster General Montgo
mery Biair, Southern born, arc thorough Ken
tuckians, possessing all tho peculiar qualities
of the Kentucky people, and their children
have inherited their determined and unyielding
spirit. It is not to he supposed that Frank
would recklessly commence a quarrel with his
old friend Fremont for selfish purposes; aud
it is right, therefore, that the alleged grounds
of His action should he made known. If they
are true, they certainly place Mqjor General
Fremont in the most delicate and embarrass
ing position. His friends assert that when
General Fremont readied Missouri the State
was comparatively free, that lie had supreme
command, and, in two months afterwards, it
is on fire from end to end, ravaged and
desolated, the interior at the mercy of the
Confederate rebels, who march from point to
point, (n masse , with impunity, attacking tho
towns where Union men aro in arms to defend
them, and threatening the existence of the
capital, Jefferson City, if not of St. Louis it
self. They assert that lie has barricaded him
self by on affectation of regal state, excluded
all who could afford him information, and sur
rounded himself liy strangers—men utterly
ignorant of the wants of the people, and tho
condition and topography of the State. Thoy
insist that he did not reinforce Lyon, although
Lyon repeatedly applied to him for reinforce
ments. They claim that Fremont knew that
a large force was opposed to Lyon at Spring
field, and that there wore two regiments at
Kolia, tho terminus of tho southwest branch of
tho Pacific Railroad, and within four days
forced march from Lyon, who wore not or
dered to move to his relief, and that other
available troops were at St. Louis at the time
who were not ordered to move. In the
face of all this, Lyon demanded reinforcements
from Washington, which caused the sending.,
on of General Fremont to St. Louis; and yet
Lyon was left to his fate, to oppose twenty
two thousand with forty-six hundred men.
Ail the personal allegations against Blair are
indignantly denied. Indeed, so far as per
sonal matters were concerned, Blair makes no
charge against Fremont. Ho heartily ap
proved of his proclamation in reference to
tho confiscation of slaves; contending, how
ever, that it should have been issued at least
five or six weeks earlier, when ho would have
had power to enforce it. Issued tlion, when
there was no rebel army nortli of Springfield,
that proclamation would have deterred many
slaveholders from committing themselves.
These arc now prepared to fight with despe
ration to prevent its enforcement.
I am assured by a gentleman direct from
St. Louis that Blair does not ask favor or par
tiality. He merely insists that General Fre
mont shall be tried Upon liis merits ; and
when it is answered that lie (Blair) attempts
to control matters in Missouri, his friends re
spond that, in liis donblo capacity as a repre
sentative of the people, and a military ad
viser of the Government, (lie was one of the
bravest of those to fight the rebels at the
start,) tlie Administration and his constitu
ents looked to him for energetic co-operation
and tnUidid information. Should General Fre
mont, even now, turn back the tide which is
setting in upon him, and drive Price and
McCulloch into Arkansas, Frank Blair will
be found one of his most devoted supporters
and friends.
Without attempting to disclose the move
ments of the army and the navy, I feel free to
speak of the operations of the corps under
General Anderson, in Kentucky, and under
General Fremont, in Missouri. About the
tenth of October General Anderson will have
raised such an army of Kentuckians aud East
Tennesseans as to keep the Secessionists of
Tennessee effectually in check; and it is to be
hoped that before tlio same period Fremont
wilt nave mustered an army sufficient to
thresh the traitors in tlie neighborhood of
Springfield, and then, if lie chooses, to attempt
liis expedition for the descent of tlie Missis
sippi. Tlie shores of tlie Mississippi must bo
cleared of all hostile batteries, and in order to
effect this the gunboats will probably co-ope
rate with such a corps d’armcc as will con
verge upon them lrom either side. Whether
this will he successful depends upon informa
tion especially confided to Major General Fre
mont. The great battle, in any event, will have
begun along the whole line from the Atlantic
to Kansas by the middle of October. Military
authorities estimate that we shall then have
three hundred and fifty thousand men under
arms, exclusive of reserves and of tlie Home
Guards in Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
At every point attacked, therefore, we ought
to outnumber tlie enemy. Our armies will be
well supplied, well provisioned, well drilled,
well equipped, and well commanded. Undor
such circumstances it is not extravagant to
expect success, nor is it reasonable to believe
that tho rebel troops from the Gulf States will
remain patiently tinder arms in Virginia, while
their homos are being assailed by expeditions
from tlie Nortli. They are notoriously defi
cient in equipments, clothing, shoes, arms,
medicines, and general supplies. How, then,
can they contend on equal terms with a force
profusely provided with all these necessaries ?
Let ns remember that it was proved at Bull
Run that, whenever Northerners and South
erners met in a fair field, the former were the
better men. Is it likely, then, that an inferior
Southern force will stand long against a supe
rior Northern force ? I think, therefore,
that the plan of tlie campaign renders suc
cess morally certain to our armies. Re
member, wo are not fighting to subjugate the
South, not yet to abolish slavery (that may
follow from the act of the traitors themselves)
nor to conquer territory. Our object is to
defeat and disperse the rebel armies now over
running the Southern States. That done, our
work is achieved. When these armies arc
scattered, the Southern people will he invited
to exercise tho privilege of electing members
of Congress. Postal facilities will be restored
to them, and they will be protected from
spoliation by the banditti, and enjoy all the
rights of citizens of tlie United States.
The recent elections in Maryland and Ken
tucky, and the late demonstrations in North
Carolina, show how gladly this change will be
welcomed. There will not be a Southern State
in which a rebel ticket will stand any chance
after Jeff. Davis’ armies arc defeated in the
field. Occasional.
Up to the time whon our Independence was ac
knowledged by England, the Protestant Episcopal
Church in America was under a sort of supervision
from the Bishop of London. Dr. Seabury, elected
Bishop of Connecticut, was consocrated, in Novem
ber, 1784, by throe Scottish bishops. In February,
1787, Dr. William White, of Pennsylvania, and Dr.
Bnmuol Provost, of Now York, wore consecrated
bishops in the chapel of Lambeth place, the resi
dence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and, in
September, 1790, James Madison, Bishop of Vir
ginia, was also consecrated at Lambeth. These, wo
believe, were tho only cases where ordination was
given to American bishops out of this country.
There ore now, including tho assistant and mis
sionary bishops, forty bishops in the American Pro
testant Church, under whom are over two thousand
clergy, who have the religious instruction of about
2,000,000 persons.
In eaoh diocese there is an annual convention of
bishops, olergy, and popularly-elected lay dele
gates, who provide for all the details of local and
specifio legislation. Every three years there is a
general convention, consisting of all the bishops in
tho actual exercise of Episcopal jurisdiction and
of clerical and lay delegates. The bishops sit in
a house of their own. The last Convention was
held in 1859, and tho presiding officer in the House
of Bishops was the Right Reverend Thomas Churoh
Brownell, D. D., Bishop of Connecticut. The
Rot. W. T. Campbell, who has distinguished him
self by his zeal and tact in procuring the means for
buildiDg parsonages in weak parishes in Arkansas,
Texas, Kansas, lowa, Nebraska, and Minnesota,
conceived the idea of getting up an engraving of
the bishops who wero assembled on that occasion,
end was so fortunate as to obtain the assistance of
two eminent artists, both of this oity. Mr.
Sehuselle painted tho portraits of forty-ono living
bishops—one of whom, Dr. Bowman, of Pennsyl
vania, has since been called to God —and has also
introduced the likenesses of Bishops Seabury, White,
Provost, and Madison, tho first American bishops.
They are grouped, in a very pleasing manner,
under the presidency of venerable Bishop Brownell,
all wearing their graceful Episcopal robes. On
the walls hang the portraits of the four earliest
bishops. The whole, in a crayon tintograph en
graving, (twenty by thirty-six inches,) has been
executed by Mr. M. Rosenthal, the eminent lithe
grapber. A more acceptable engraving could not
tre presented to tbs notice of members of the Pro*
tcatant Episcopal Church, and the price, with key
Washington, Sept. L’O,lBGl
American Bishops.
and fnc-similes of the bishops' autographs, is only $6.
Here, in all, are forty-fire portraits. The group
ing is capital and well disposed. In tho centre sits
Bishop Brownell. There, conversing together, may
bo seen Dr. Better, of Pennsylvania, and (ns he is
now to bo called) General Bishop Polk, of Louisiana.
We recognizo, among others here, tho late I)r Bow
man. sidc-by-sido with Dr. DeJ.ancey, of New
York; Bishop Gregg, of Texas; Moade, of Vir
ginia; I’ottcr, of Now York; Chase, of New
Hampshire; Whittingham, of Maryland; Burgess,
of Maine; Odenheimer, of Now Jersey; Lee, of
Delaware; Hopkins, of Vermont; Kip, of Cali
fornia ; Kemper, of Wisconsin. Missionary Bishops
Boone, from China; Talbot, of the Northwest;
Lay, of tho Southwost; and I’ayno, of Capo Pal
mas, Africa. Those we have seen in tho body and
can answor for the accuracy and spirit of the por
traits—wo are assured that tho other resemblances
are equally good. And so, giving our best wishes
to the Bev. Mr. Campbell's truly Christian purpose
in bringifigout this work of art, and trusting that
it may realize his wishes, we heartily commend it
to the Protestant inhabitants of this country.
Dr. Moriarty at the Academy of Music.
The various religious assemblies held in our city
yesterday found a fitting climax in tho groat Ca
tholic demonstration at the Aoademy of Music, lost
evening, attending the lecture of the Rev. Dr. Mo
riarly, delivered iu behalf of St. Vincent’s Home
for Destitute Children, on “ The Church and its
Present Issues, ’ ’ As the initial lecture of tlie sea
son it was a brilliant suocess. To say that the
house “ was crowded from pit to dome” would but
feebly express the truth; it was literally crammed
to overflowing. The sceno presented, when tho
honored orator of the evening (his production was
more an oration than a lecture) came upon the
stago, attended by a large number of Catholic
clergy, when that immense amphitheatre of living,
expectant humanity gave vent to such a welcome
as only an enthusiastic Irish audicnco can give,
was one of tho most animated and picturesque we
have ever witnessed.
During the hour preceding the commencement
of the lecture, the audience were agreeably enter
tained by a band of music. At precisely 8 o'clock,
without the «s«al, but often unnecessary, core
mony of a formal introduction, Dr. Moriarty came
forward and commenced his lecture, which was
written, though not closely read, and delivered in
tones distinctly audible to the most remote.
The crowded state of our oolumns forbids any ex
tended notice of the lecture itself. In point of
«tj]e, to thoso acquainted with its author's oratory,
it may be described as one of his happiest efforts.
Always argumentative, and prone to employ sareastio
Weapons, he excelled himself last evening in the
use of pungent wit. The matter of his discourse
abounded in ultra Church viows, and was, of
course, too partisan for indiscriminate popular ap
preciation ; but that the treatment of his theme waa
able nnd scholarly, wo presume none who heard it
will deny.
He opened with a brief review of Christianity,
from its promulgation by Christ nnd his apostles,
to tho final conversion of Rome from Paganism;
after which ho traced the history of the Church
through succeeding genera liens down to tho Refor
mation, in the Sixteenth Century. Her actual his
tory, he said, had boon strikingly prefigured in the
humble birth of Christ; His subsequent ontry into
Jerusalem amid tho shouts of tho populuoo; His
agonies on tho Cross, anil triumphant resurrection.
So had the Church alternately been slandered and
praised, persecuted, and made triumphant. The
loss of England to tho dominion of Rome occupied
a large share of the lecturer’s attention, and Ma
caulay was quoted to prove the unchristian cha
racter of tho persons nnd moans employed in the
transfer
In conclusion, the present condition and pros
pects of the Catholic Church were enlarged upon.
For years it had been the custom of the world, if
any prominent individual entered tho Church, (in
tho expressive though inelegant language of Pad
dy,) to “ drop him like a hot potato.” The case of
the Duchoss of Sutherland the speaker cited as a
pertinent illustration. Among tho recent aud pond
ing acquisitions to their Church, much was said
about the late Duchess of Kent, aud her daughter,
tho reigning Queen of England. The formor had,
he said, died in the Catholio faith, and the latter
was now being accused of madness on account of her
pro-Catholie of which the
speaker saw in lior having latoly exprossod a desire
for the erection of a Catholic chapel In the grounds
onVindsor, and her tour among her Irish subjects.
He also stated, on what he held to bo undoubted
authority, that Queen Victoria had ominously re
fused to lake the oath abjuring Catholicity, whon
it was presented to her by tho Archbishop of Can
terbury, on the day of her coronation.
The locturer was groetod with frequent applause
as he progressed, and, notwithstanding the discom
forts of an overcrowded house, the deepest atten
tion was maintained from tho Aliening to tho close.
LATEST NEWS
BY TELEGRAPH.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Special Despatches to “The Press.”
Washington, Sept. 26,
The Steamer Delaware Fired On.
The new batteries at Occoquan oponed upon the
steamer De-tavjare as she was passing up to-day.
The officers report tho shot to be from nine-inch
guns, and capable of reaching tho shipping in any
part of the rivor opposito the batteries. The Dela
ware escaped without injury, and arrived at the
navy yard with 300 sailors for the navy. In com
ing up, sho ran down and sunk the steam-tug
Planet. The crew were saved.
Fast Day in Washington,
Tlie departments are all closed, and business ge
nerally suspended. The President attended Divine
service, nnd the churches generally were well at
tended. The ltcv. Dr. Cuanning preached in the
Unitarian Church to a crowded audience. Tho ge
neral theme of conversation is on the position of af
fairs in Missouri. Tho noble and horoic resistance
of Colonel Mullican and the “ Irish Brigade,” is
the subject of general commendation, while Gene
ral Fremont is daily losing tho confidence of tho
community, and I may say of military officers anil
the Executive.
The Secretary of War and the Volunteer
System.
Gen. Cameron’s order to the authorities of lowa
not to draft men for the army, as was proposed iu
that State, is commented upon vory generally to
day, some taking sides with, others against the
order from tho Secretary of War.
It is certainly desirable that tho army may bo
filled up without drafting, but it must be acknow
ledged that many of tlio States, especially those in
tho North, are slow in sending forward reinforce
ments. The Bull Run affair has been repented,
and worse than repeated in its results, in Missouri,
and that, too, solely on account of the meagreness
of our army in that State; yet Fremont is called
upon, and is actually sending troops forward to
defend the capital, while our Eastern cities are
teeming with unemployed, able-bodied young
men, who refuse to come forward in de
fence of their country. This thing is ■
mystery to all classes here. Tho very States
whose Representatives in Congress were most ready
to vote the President an army of 500,000 men have
not yet sent in their quota of men for an army of
oven half that size. Massachusetts is offering men
$2O each bounty, and, with that inducement, Gen.
Wilson’s regiment is filling up hut slowly. Ver
mont and other Northern States aro also backward
in sending forward men, and the indications aro not
at all favorable for a full army at an early day
without ft draft, at least from some of the States,
Pennsylvania Ahead Again.
Pennsylvania has taken the initiatory steps to es
tablish a Stato military school. It is hoped that
Other loyal States will follow her example, and that
each will, without delay, cause a school for military
instruction to be established, with arrangements so
favorable as to be accessible to any who may wish
to avail themselves of its advantages.
The District Volunteers.
Captain Tait 'a District Regiment is the recipient
of many favors from our citizens. They have just
been made the recipients of a splendid set of colors,
garnished by a donation of $lOO in gold from Jons
C. Hives, proprietor of the Congressional dole ,
with a promise that he would soon repeat the act.
The Destruction of Guns at Ocracoke
Inlet.
A good deal of inquiry has been made at tho
departments here, why an effort was not made to
savo the guns taken at Ooracoke Inlet, instead of
destroying them on the spot. There were two
reasons for deciding upon their destruction—one
was the difficulty of removing them, excepting at
great cost; the other and best reason was that the
guns were old fashioned and very inferior to those
now in use. Even if lying in Washington Navy
Yard, they would not have been used.
Patent Office Business,
The business at the Patent Office has fallen off
fifty per cent, since the war was commenced.
Many of the olerks have, in consequence, been dis
charged, and the pay of those retained has been
reduced $2OO per head. lion. D. P, Halloytat,
the Commissioner of Patents, has left the city, for a
brief visit to Indiana. During his absence the
chief clerk of the office, John L. Haves, Esq., is,
by law, acting commissioner.
Order and Decorum.
Between the provost guard and the new police
force, Washington is reduced to a state of orderly
sobriety and quiet. The swift cavalier has been
Compelled, at the point of a pair of bayonets, to
reduce his speod to four miles per hour ; tho sol
dier is required to forego his grog; bar-rooms are
closed after 9 o’clock, and all day on tho Sabbath;
soldiers, and even officers, are arrested If found
without a pass, and caged, while arrests are made
py the police for profanity on the streets.
Naval and Military Schools.
The Army and Navy Departments most seri
ously feel the neoessity for an increase of students
in our Military and Naval Schools. The Depart
ments are urged to fill up these . national institu
tion? without waiting for ft meeting of Congress.
The secession of the Southern States has left many
vacancies, which ought now to bo filled up with
out the interference of reel tape.
Fremont and the Press.
Tito Intelligencer, this morning, has a long edi
torial on Con. Fremont, with quotations from the
New York Tribune,, Evening Post, Times, and
Commercial Advertiser; Boston Advertiser, and
St. Louis llepubliean, all tending to show a want
of capacity on tho part of tho General. The In
telligencer concludes with this remark :
“ Wo recite these expressions of the public press
as belonging to tho history of tho times, and bocauso
it would bo useless longer to conceal the fact that
tha publio oonfidouco in tho commander of the
Xlefitern Department (in some of its aspects the
most important department of all) has been shaken
to its base.”
Miscellaneous.
A personal vißit to tho otbor side of the Fotomao
has resulted in nothing worth mentioning.
Many of the staff and field officers were visiting
in Washington.
Christian Morchead, of Harrisburg, was acci
dentally killed at Tonnallytown, yostorday, by Cas
per Ecklostoin. They both belonged to the Penn
sylvania Twelfth Koservo Rogimont.
FROM MISSOURI.
ben. McCulloch moving on fort scott.
Leavenworth, Sept. 26.—General Lane’s com
wand surprised a superior force of rebela, at Pa
penaville, Missouri, on the 21st, and, after a severe
engagement, routed them, losing 17 killed, and a
largo number wounded. Tho rebels lost 40 killed,
and 100 prisoners, and all their tents, wagons, and
supplies
Gen. I.ano is reported to be moving on Osceola.
The gang of rebels, who reoently sacked the town
of Humboldt, Kansas, has been defeated by a force
from Fort Scott, and their loader, Mathias, killed.
On his person was found an order from Ron McCul
loch for the enrolment of the Quappaw Indians.
Scouts at Fort Scott report thut Bon McCulloch
was within thirty miles of Fort Soott on tho night
of the 21st inst.
Goncral Lane has issued a proclamation to the
citizens of Western Missouri in which, after saying
for what purpose he is there, and urging those in
arms against the Government to disperse and oome
to him for protection in person and property, ho
usee the following language :
" Should you, however, disregard my advice, the
stern visitations of war shall be meted to rebels and
their allies. I shall then be convinced that your
armiDg ‘ for protection ’ is a sham; and rest as
sured that traitors, when caught, shall receive a trai
tor’s doom. Tho onp of mercy has been exhausted—
treason, hereafter, will be treated as treason.
Tho massacre of innocent women and children by
the black-hearted traitors who lately burned the
bridges on the St. Joseph Railroad has satisfied us
that a traitor will perpotrato crime which devils
would shudder to commit. They shall be blotted
from existence, and sent to that h-U which yawns
f*r their recoption.
“ The two roads are opon to you, people of
Western Missouri. Choose ye between thorn!
Tho one leads you to peaeo and plenty—tho other
to destruction.”
Tho steamer Major this morning took to Kansas
City six companies of Kansas militia and five com
panies of Jennison’s regiment.
Col. Cook’s command of regulars, from Utah,
passed Fort Kearney on tho 20tli inst.
Gen. Prentiss at St. Joseph.
St. Joseph, Mo., Sept. 25.—Gon. l’rentiss ar
rived hore on Monday evening and assumed com
mand yesterday.
Tho Journal says: “No man in tho whole West
ern army could have been sent here who is moro
acceptable to the people north of tho Hannibal and
St. Joseph Railroad; and, under his command, tho
Union troops, whether Federal or Stato. are willing
to do battle.
Movements of Genera! Price.
FURTHER FROM LEXINGTON.
Jsfferson City, Sept. 2G. —(Special to tho St.
Louia Republican), Capt, Taggart, of tho Twen
ty-fifth Illinois Regiment, has arrived hero from
Otterville, where'he heard yesterday that Ciaib.
Jackson was advancing on Booneville with some
10,000 men, and Price was marching towards
Georgetown, with about 20,000, the army at Lex
ington haring been divided for that purpose at
Georgetown, at which point a largo number of
troops can be concentrated in a short tiuo.
The rebels were reported to be moving forward
to bum tho Lcmoine bridge, but it was well de
fended.
Scouting parties were reported near Booneville
last night.
Gen. Siegle went west from here (Jefferson City)
to-day.
Ex-Governor King and Judge Hyland have been
released by the rebels.
Nothing reliable Sfts asm as to the
whereabouts of Ben. McCulloch.
Two of the crew of tho steamer Clara Bell have
arrived from Booneville. They report that Colonel
Mulligan took possession of tho Clara Belt, and
about onc-third of her cargo, on the 12th, and then
ordered her to drop down opposite his entrench
ments. She was afterwards captured by tho robcls
and tho remainder of her cargo seized. She was
laden with merchandise for Santa Ft, valued
at 813,000.
No considerable number of Price's troops bad
loft Lexington on Tuesday, and no battories were
seen on tho river banks between Lexington and
Booneville.
Gen. Sturgis, with 1,100 men, reached a point on
the north side of the river, six miles from Lexing
ton, on the 19th, but learning that some 5,000 of
Price’s rebels were stationed in the woods skirting
tho river waiting his appearance, he marched to
Liberty and thence to Kansas city, where he now is.
.Reports which are regarded as reliable have
been received here that Colonel Montgomery, of
General Lane’s command, attacked Osceola, in St.
Clair county, on Friday last, burned the town by
shelling it, and repulsed a large force of rebels.
There are said to be about 1-1,000 rebels in La
cade county, committing all kinds of depredations
upon Union men. Forbort & Co’s store at Linn
Creek had been robbed again, and this time somo
570,000 worth of property carried off.
LATER FROM CALIFORNIA,
[By Pony Express.]
Sweet Mater. (210 miles oast of Salt Lake
City,) Sopt,. 25—The pony express passed here at
9 o’clock A. M. to-day.
San Fbakcisco, Sept. IS—P. M.—Arrived 15th,
Eloctric, from Sidney; hark Constantine, froui
New Zealand ; 16th, ship Sea Serpent, from Now
York; bark Camilla, from Port Philip.
Commercial trade continues fair and active.
Candles have advanced, and 23c was refused for a
lot. Crushed Sugar—Prime sells at 13c. Isthmus
Butter—Prime, 27ia28ie. J. H. & Co. Lard, 10c.
Bio Coffeo, 20c. 1,000 gallons Spirits Turpentine
were sold at $1.50. Domestic Spirits dull.
GENERAL NEWS.
The sloop-of-wur Wyoming and revenue cutter
Joe Lant have been sent from this port in pursuit
of the ship Ashland , which is probably loading
with gnano at George’s Island. Sho belongs in
New Orleans, and, if captured, will be confiscated.
The second mate and five men deserted from her
on Elida island, off the coast of Lower California,
and they assort that the captain is a Secessionist,
and treated tho Northern men onboard with savage,
cruelty.
Soon after the arrival of the clipper Sea Serpent
the revenue officer seized 812,000 worth of tobacco,
consigned te Greene, Heath, & Ollin, on informa
tion that the property belonged to Southern owners.
On Saturday a large lot of tobacco, that came on
the ship Sword Fish belonging to the same com
pany, was seized on tho same kind of information.
The reports from tho interior show that the re
cent appeals to_ the _ military spirit of the people
have not- been in vain. At the rate companies are
offered, the five regiments will soon be filled up.
Six companies of infantry that have encamped
near San Francisco, being part of the 1,500 called
for servico on the overland mail routo. have been
sent to Los Angeles. This unexpected movement,
conpled with tho recent information of the sudden
departure of troops, already in the south, for San
Bernardino, would indicate that General Sumner
has intelligence of recent disunionism among the
Southern sympathizers in that part of the State
which is hidden from tho public at largo.
It now appears that tho entire overland force is,
for tho present, to be established at Los Angeles.
The California Steam Navigation Company
transports companies of Eoldiers on tho walors
traversed in this State by their steamers free of
charge.
Major General Vi , Ilultuck, of this city, has re
ceived ills appointment as major general of the
regular army of tho United States, and has taken
the oath of office. He will go East by tho steamer
of October Ist, to join Gen. McClellan’s army.
Tho Agricultural State Fair opened at Sacra
mento on the 16th, on a much grander scale than
heretofore. Persons who have attended the fairs at
the East state that the exhibition of stoek at Sacra
mento equals tho exhibitions at the National Fair
at Richmond threo years and Chicago two years
since.
The new Directory of San Francisco, published
under the supervision of parties regarded os un
doubted authority in local statistics, gives
for estimating the present population of the city at
83,223, composed of 40,000 white males, 37,000
white females, 3,000 Chinese, and 2,000 colored.
Considering that the city polled 11,125 votes at
the recent eloction, the estimate of the Directory
appears not too high. The same authority states
that 1,013 wooden buildings were erected in San
Francisco during the year ending with August, be
ing above one-eighth of all the buildings the city
contains. It is a general remark, from those
ascertained facts, that San Francisco was never in
so prosperous a condition as at present.
The Yreka Journal states that the story of a
recent massacre of a party of emigrants at Goose
Lake was a heartless hoax, for the purpose of har
rowing the soul of a resident of that plaee who had
relatives aboard the train.
The Portland Oregonian of the 19th inst. con
tains the following items:
All our late news from the Indian country is fa
vorable to peaoe. We should have no trouble
with the Noz Forces, if we could keep liquor from
them.
Gold discoveries have been made on a tributary
of the Salmon river, and a large party had left the
southern fvrk for the mines.
Later news from the Sandwich Islands had been
received by Ihe brig Francisco, which arrived here
last evening from Helo Tho dates received from
Honolulu are to the 20th of August, but are unim
portant. The cattle disease was supposed to be sub
siding. It was attributed chiefly to the animals
drinking stagnant water.
According to ft late census the population of the
Hawniian Islands is 9,800, of which 2,716 are fo
reigners. The population of Honolulu is 4,319, of
whom 1,639 nro foreigners. The area of the twelve
islands is 3,840,000 acres.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE Arrived Maj-lOth,
ftkip Hlftck Hawk, flour Son VrAiiciw. Juufi l&th, skip
AstJrofi do; 28th, whip 0. IV. llailey, /torn Melbourne;
2Mb| whale fillip Cowpria, from a cruise, witU 1,900 bbU
of whale and 28 of aperiu ; 29tl>, brig Jonoph Stone.
Sulk'd May 16th, bark Ouhwler, fi/r Hampton RoiuU,
with 350 ton* of guano; Juno 6th, ship 3 Black Hawk, do;
l&th, Aotcror, «ithl,GlU ton*, do; 20th, Y. W. Bailey,
will, 950 ton.-, do; July ICth, brii; Josephine, from Mc-
Kpiin’w IjJftiid,
In port Juno 22, bark Tiicutc, about half Jondwli for
Juivca Inland.
Sailed Juno 16th, fthip Cambria, louring all wdl on
fJvm*, and iu» vessel at the i.-land
THE NATIONAL FAST.
New York, Sept. 20.—The National Fast has
been generally observed to-day, all business sus
pended, and all tho churches well filled. Broad
way is tbrongod with people, the weather being
very fine,
TRENTON, Sept. 20.—There has never been such
a general observance of a day of worship aa there
was to-day. Every place of business was closed,
and Ihe churches were all filled, and the people all
solemn and sorious. It has indeed been a very re
markable day, exceeding tho .Subbath in quiot and
seriousness.
Washington, Sept. 20. —A Sabbath-like quiet
prevailed to-day throughout the city.
Boston, Sept. 26.—The city wore a Sabbath-day
aspect, and the churches were attended by large
congregations, who listened to religiously-patriotio
discourses.
Explosion nt Peoria, lit
LOSS OF LIFE.
Peoria, 111., Sept. 26. —The boiler of Charles
It. Cairoll’s distillery exploded to-day, killing the
engineer and another employee, and rendering tho
building a complete wreck. The amount of loss
has not been ascertained. The explosion is said to
have been caused by the carelessness of the en
gineer in letting tho boiler get out of water.
Fort Lafayette.
New York, Sept, 20. — The steamer Peabody,
from Fortress Menrea, landed twenty-five State
prisoners at tbe Hotel dc Lafayette, this evening.
THE CITY.
AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING.
Whkatlhy’s Continental Theatre—Walnut street,
above Eighth.—“ The Tempest; or, The Enchanted
Island.”
Walnut-Street Theatre—Ninth and Walnut sts.—
“Tlie Marblo Heart”—“A Quiet Family”—“State
S«r eta,"
Arch-Street Theatre—Arch street, above Sixth.—
“ Jeanette; or, Le Cretin de la Montagne.”
Asseurly Buii.dixos—Comer of Tenth and Chestnut
streets.—Sanderson’s Stercopticon of tho Southern Be
boliion and Russian War.
The Oyster Trade.
A SCIENTIFIC TREATISE ON THE OYSTER
We shall leave it for savans to determine
whether or not tho race of American oysters is be
coming extinct, It is certain that in some por
tions of our country, where they are now compara
tively strangers, large collections of shells have
been discovered—thus indicating that at some for
mer period they must have been quite abundant in
those localities, Ihe State of Maine appears to
have been particularly favored with these relics of
a by-gone race. On the Damariscotta river, (some
fiftocn or twenty miles from the ocean,) there are
deposits of oyster shells extending for half a mile
along its banks. Besides this, little islands or beds
have been formed in the channel of the river.
They appear to extend to a depth of fifty feet or
more, and in the lapse of years have become, to a
great extent, pulverized. As in the case of coral
reefs, which they resemble at a distance, their form
ation is due to gradual accretions. Their pro
senco is an evidence that this class of bivalves must
have constituted an important article of food with
our forefathers.
WHERE OYSTERS COME FROM
Historically, oysters are old “settlers”—little
more definite can bo said of them on this point, ex
oept to affirm positively that tbey aro of post-dilu
vian origin. Though tolerably abundant in New
York and vicinity, they are most prolific on Vir
ginia’s sacred coast, and, in fact, are more or less
obtainable in all the Southern Slates. In the New
_England States, except in Fvhodo Island and Con
necticut, they aro justly regarded as a rarity, and
command correspondingly high prices. In Mary
land tboy aro quite plontcous, and tho oyster and
fishing trade of the Chesapeake is of considerable
importance, furnishing employment to thousands
of men.
DIFFERENT SrECIES Or OYSTERS.
For amply sufficient reasons we shall not bore the
reader With a scientific dissertation en this topic, or
with scientific distinctions where the public’s palate
oan pcrceivo no difference. Enough to know that
gourmands recognize but two grand varieties of
vc plus ultra shell-fish —viz : the salt and fresh
Tha most celebratod of the fresh oyster that comes
to this market is the Cove, which, whethor fried,
roasted, or stewed, is esteemed a rare luxury. Ihe
Balt oyster, though a much larger species, is only
fit to be oaten from the shell, and in this condition
derives nearly all of its palatability from the briny,
pearly liqueur in which it is floating. The salt
oyster may bo preserved for a greater length of
time man any other variety—a decided advantage,
to be best appreciated in connectien with the sub
ject of transportation.
OYSTER PLANTATIONS
Most of the oysters now sold in this city and
New York were brought from the South last fall
or spring, ere the present troubles between the two
scotions had assumed any decided proportions, cal
culated to obstruct the ordinary channels of trade.
They were planted in various waters of Now York
by private enterprise altogether, and by constant
“ feeding” have yielded a rich return.
By re-transplanting they are supplied to the sea
port towns of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ver
mont, etc., although but in limited quantities. As
might be expected, they present a puny appear
ance, never attaining their full development as in
Southern climes.
Oysters are privileged to have their idiosyncra
sies. Thoy are sober, sedentary, dreamy fellows.
Wherever they arc planted they remain perma
nently, listening with ecstatic thrills to the chant of
the sea-shells, and tho roar of the breakers, until
called from their beds of down by the rakos of the
sordid planter. And yet, strange to say, they are
unsympathizing with the children of men. How
many a horrid nightmare, how many an indiges
tive travail, how many an aching heartburn, has
come of their degustation !
I;iit, sedentary ns thoy are in tho main, (no pun
intended,) and warranted to remain ; -until called
for,” in shullow water, their local habitation is not
so much a matter of absolutism. Here, an envious
wave often sees them shining below among tho
saml and pebbles, and rudely brushes them away,
with a coarse and brutal laugh.
Oyster plantations (or “ beds” as thoy avo com
monly called) are quite numerous in Georgia, and
indeed throughout all the Southern States. As
the oysters grow, they adhere to each other in clus
ters, and resemble large pieces of honeycomb. As
they mature, they become separated, and at last
begin the world on their own separate responsibi
lities.
THE DREDGING.
The raising of oystors in beds is a comparatively
slow, tedious, and not always remunerative enter
prise. The greater portion of those brought to the
market aro therefore obtained by “dredging,” or
raking—the former being tho more common method.
We have already described it in The Press. It
may be as well to repeat, briefly, nevertheless, that
it consists in raking the oystors into a huge net,
whence they are raisod to the deck of the vessel.
The oystermen’s harvest has just commenced, and
tho crop is now being gathered in, along all the
coasts and inlets where the bivalves most do con
gregate.
WHEBE DO OVIt PHILADELPHIA OYSTERS CONE
FROM ?
The great depot In this city for the importation
and purchase of tho articlo is at Spruce-street
wharf —where, it may be recollected, a disputo
originated last year as to tho lease of the wharf
gruunds. On Saturday we counted half a dozen
schooners, laden with oysters, waiting to discharge
their cargoes, at this and adjacent piers. At the
beginning of the season the prices generally range
high—and indeed, cut off as wo aro from Virginia
and the seceded States generally, it is likoly that
the prieo-eurrent, during the present year, will
present an imposing array of rates.
As the season advances, however, tho high ruling
rates will induco the oystermcn to increase tho
stock as greatly as possible, and the result will be
ft fall in prieeis. Oystors have boon sold at the
wharf (though not during the present season) as
low as twelve and a half cents. i>er hundred!
Most of our oysters come from both sides of
Long Island, tho shores of New Jersey, from the
Chesapeake Bay, and a few from New York.
As there are upwards of nine hundred restau
rants, porter-houses, and refreshment saloons ia
Philadc Iphia, (exclusive of the open-air eating
stands.) it has boon estimated that- from seven hun
dred to sevon hundred and fifty thousand oysters
are daily consumed in this city during the oyster
season 1 On Saturday, one dining saloon, alone,
on Chestnut street, sold twenty-fire hundred oys
ters to the customers; and this, we were assured,
was no extraordinary demand.
THE TRADE IN NEW YORK,
Now York mostly depends for her supply of the
appetizing edibles upon Princess Bay, Mill Pond,
and Keyport; but (as one of her journals intimates
with a tearful expression of countenance,) “the
large, luscious, plump fellows, that used to titilate
the palates of gourmands, arc rare, and after the
present season, will he still less common,” New
York, however, has no cause for complaint, as next
to Baltimore, she has always enjoyed the monopoly
of the trade.
THE BALTIMORE TRADE IX ITS RELATION TO UL'tt
CITV.
As we Lave said above, Philadelphia receives a
large supply of oysters annually from the Monu
mental City, whero the trade has been nurtured
and cultivated until it has finally assumod tho pro
portions of a profitable and not uninteresting spe
ciality. We can call to mind at least- half a dozen
houses in that city which have each over
embarked in the business, while its shipping alone
whitens all the waters of the Chesapeake.
For the last twelve or fifteen years, the exporta
tion of oystors to such prominent points in the
Wcst as St. Louis, Cincinnati, afld Chicago has been
almost exclusively monopolized by Baltimore.
Wo have even heard of their shipment to suoh
extreme points in the South as New Orleans, al
though we confess our inability to perceive the
occasion for ‘hi?. W thfl Southern rebellion hap
greatly embarrassed, if, indeed, it baa not put m
complete extinguisher, on Baltimore's monopoly it
this respect.
Of late years Philadelphia has taken tho matter
in band, and tbero arc now several establisbmeatff
in the city which Have devoted a portion of their
capital to tho preparation of oysters, both for heme
consumption and exportation. The oysters, to be
preserved perfectly fresh and pure, are required U
bo planed in cans or jars, and hermetically sealed.
When thus “pat up,” as the housekeepers aay.
they will keep for a number of years—or uatii
eaten!
OYSTER PIRATES
Near Amboy (N. Y.) the water is so shallow that
yon can.stoop down and piok up the plants. In
sovoral of tha States whom the planting system is
in vogue, stringent laws have been passed to pre
vent the destruction of the beds by sacrilegious and
lawless depredators, whose respect for the right of
property is about on a par with their respect far
the proprieties of tho English language.
But Maryland’s way of dealing with the3o oyster
pirates was so summary and comprehensive that
its salutary effects are now observable in the di
minution of tho crime. Formorly piratical craft
would bo frequently captured while cruising in the
Chesapeake, and taken to Annapolis. The veueli
in such cases would be held as prizes until the
damage committed had been fully indemnified, and
the crew in any event would have the glorious
privilege of a trial by a jury of their peers. Oyster
piracy is a rare offence now-a-days. It is some
what surprising that, aa a relic of past barbarism,
it baa never been even so much as ventilated ia a
modern novel! “Roderick, The Oyster Pirate,”
would mako a striking and selling title for a
ten-ccnt romances!
THE TRAM, PAST AKJI PRESEJrr.
Reforo the gigantic strides of internal improve
ment—before tho land was covered with a net
work of railroads, and before our vast facilities for
inland navigation had begun to reach their full de
velopment—(bo not surprised) roador, at tho abrupt
and ridicnlouß conclusion of this sentence)—the
people of the interior scarcely knew what an oyster
was ! As a humorous writer puts it: “ The dimi
nutive, sickly article, put up in mid-winter, taken
to tho country, and baled out by the venders by ths
pint or quart, were a carieuturo upon the raoe. A
pedlar poking a long wire through a keg of water,
and occasionally fishing up an oyster a 3 large as a
penny, was no uncommon sight.”
“SHELLS OF OYSTERS.”
After ihe oysters are eaten, their remnants stilt
have a Tnlue in ihe eyes of practical men—in the
•yes of lime-kiln men, for example. We believe
that all the lime made in this city is the residue ob
tained from tbe calcination of these sholls. On the
eeeet of tho Chesapeake they sometimes drift to a
height of 15 or 20 feet. Thoy are at once gathered
up, as coming under the general law of salvage, and
carted to kilns in the immediate vicinity. Tha
subsequent operation of tbeir conversion into lime
is altogether a matter of ehemistry. Ergo, itoan&et
be strictly said to come within tho province of a re
porter’s pen, and we shßll therefore drop the sub
ject.
Probable Homicide in tiie Nineteenth
Ward.— About five o'clock yesterday afternoon,
the report of a pistol was heard by a number of
boys engaged in playing cricket in the vicinity of
Fairhill basin, near the line of the Twenty-third
ward. The boys, upon proceeding to ascertain tbe
cause of the noise, discovered a man lying on his
face in an opon lot, with a pistol just discharged
lying beneath him. The pistol was one of Allen's
improved seven-shooters, five barrels of which still
remained loaded. A slug had entered his head
immediately in front of tho oar and above tho
right cheek bone. It had not keen extracted up t»
a late hour.
The cheek and forehead of tho man were stainotl
with blood, a part of which, when our reporter
beheld him, had become clotted. He was attired
in a knit or cricket jacket, plush vest and dark
paloons; his shirt ws§ siflde plain in the bosom, the
undershirt being of flannel, and the stockings of
white cotton; he wore dilapidated gaiters, but
neither drawers, collar, or necktie. In his pockets
were found a paper of black thread, some buttons
of horn, a steel ring, white handkerchief, and pen
knife, In appearance the deceased was perhaps
twenty-five years of age, neatly, but commonly
dressed, and of rather prepossessing appearance
He had a thin, careworn face, and might have
been out of work before decease.
The locality where he was discovered hi of a
lonesome description, but tbe dusk bad not closed
in when the report ft&s first heard. The precise
spot was Sixth street, below the Reading Railroad
The fact of a pistol being found under the man's
head, induced tho opinion that he had committed
suicide. The boys ran directly to tbe spot and saw
no one running away. The majority opined, how
ever, that a murder had been committed. Tho
body was taken to the Nineteenth ward station
house, where it remained unnoticed up to midnight
An inquest will ho held at two o’clock to-day.
West Philadelphia Architectural Iron
"Works.— Tho number of workmen at present en
gaged at these works is about eighty, who are em
ployed in manufacturing tho grain elevator ordered
by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and to be
put in use by thorn at Washington-streot wharf, on
the Delaware. The elevator is designed not only
for elevating, hut at the. same time weighing,
transferring, screening, renovating, and purifying
the grain, after the model of those used in Chicago
The building, being of iron, will have tho advan
tage of fire-proof construction. It is to bo 110 by
120 feet square, and 100 foot in height, with one
hundred iron bins in the enclosure, of 12 feet di
ameter by 45 feet high. Those bins will be placed
on girders, fifteen feet above the floor. The grain
will be drawn from these bins to a pit below, and
then by a conveyor to tho main tower of the build
ing (120 feet high); from thence it is taken by 0
horizontal conveyor to the centre of the building
and emptied into a hopper, from which, by means
of stationary pipes, it is carried into tho bias. A
horizontal conveyor then takes it to a tower of the
building, from which it will be sent down a shoot
into the vessels lying beneath awaiting its receo
tion.
Mr. Badger, the owner of the works, U engaged
in putting up a similar elevator in Brooklyn, if. Y.
No orders from the Government have yet been
received at the works, though everything has beer,
put in preparation in expectation of such order!
being received.
Bridle-bits, etc., tor tiie Government.—
The Messrs. Shields, on Chestnut street, abort-
Bridgewater, West Philadelphia, have lately re
ceived several orders from the Government for the
manufacture of bridle-bits, tent-pins, etc., and have
a large force of workmen busily engaged. They
are turning out about three hundred dozen bridlc'-
bits per week. Their several contracts, received
thus far, amount to thirty thousand bits.
At Coleman’s shop. Arch stroot, near Twentioth,
for tlio manufacture of similar articles, a good
force of workmen is also engaged on Government
work.
Arrest or A Female Volunteer Yester
day a person of medium height, and slenderly
built, applied at Camp Stokcly to be taken ns a re
cruit. The officer sharply questioned tho would-be
soldier, arid tho reoruit contossed to be of the softer
sex. She was arrested and taken before Alderman
Beitler, whore sho gave the name of Andora Slater.
Fhe is known to tho police in conncetihn with Wiu
Olden, ono of tho young men who endeavored t*»
collect money on a certificate purporting to be
signed by Mayor Henry. At the hearing she gave
the name of Eleanor Olden, She was committed
for thirty days undor tho vagrant act.
Coloxf.i. P. "Wise, Captains Clark, New
man, and Ritchie have loft the Keystone, or Thirty
third Regiment, seeing no prospect for service, and
have joined Colonel Morchead'S regiment, and are
now encamped at Haddington, West Philadelphia.
Their men were immediately equipped with uni
forms, blankets, tents, Ac., and present a fine ap
pearance upon dress parade It is to be hoped
that this example may be followed by some other
regiments, and the men prepared for immediate
service. The old Keystone Regiment has been
straggling for existence since May last, and it was
high time that these measures were taken by cap
tains who desired active service.
Fluid Lamp Explosion’. —A little girl,
named Sarah Moore, aged twelve years, residing
hack of No. 818 North Fifteenth street, was shock
ingly burned about the body, arms, and face on
Wednesday night-, caused by the explosion of a
fluid lamp. It esems that the parents of Sarah
wero absent, leaving her, with several smaller
children, in care of tho house. One of the children
was holding somo lighted matches while Sarah wa>-
filling the lamp, when the fluid took fire, and set
the room in flames, also burning Sarah so badly
that her recovery is doubtful. The unfortunate
girl, who is a cripple, although so badly injured,
had tho presence of mind to notify those around of
the danger to the other children.
Fihf.s Yesterday. —About 3 o’clock, yes
terday morning, two unoocupiod dwellings on the
south side of Catharine Street-, bOIOW Eighth, W6T6
discovered to be on fire. The roofs wore destroyed—
loss about §5OO.
Yesterday morning about 6 o’clock, a fire broke
out in the coal-oil manufactory of Bunting, Dennis
& Jones, in Wail stroot, near Seventh and Catha
rine streets. The fire originated from the ignition
of gaseous matter, known as benzole. Tho
flames communicated to a lot of oil which burned
furiously for some time. The loss Is estimated at
about $lOO, upon which there is no insurance
Jacob Ritchie, the still-tender, was badly burned
about the hands and face.
Commonwealth Regiment, —This regiment
held a largo meeting on H'oitnnsday evening, at
Spring Garden Hall, and a number of names were
added to the roll-book. Patriotic and truly elo
quent speeches were made by Colonel James K.
Montgomery, Colonel F. Curran Fhilpet, and
others.
Tho regiment will hold another gathering at
Concert Hall on to-morrow night. Tho regiment
is rapidly filling up. Lot all young man join this
excellent regiment.
Tiik Noonday Prayer-Meeting- —Theßti-
SitHM Men'# JToonday Prayer-mooting, In Sansom
street Church, was largely attended yesterday, tho
church being filled in every portion. A number of
addresses were made, interspersed with singing and
prayer The remarks on tne occasion had special
reference to the oharaotor of the day, and the in
torpesitum of the Almfehty was ardontly besought,
in behalf of our beloved country.
Severely Beaten —A resident of tint
Nineteenth ward, named Haas, was severely beatau,
last evening at a lager-beer tavern, in the vicinity
of Frankford road and Norris stmt, The injuries
rocelved were ehiofly about the head. Two mon
were arreßted, and confined ia the Nineteenth .ward
station, on suspicion of having been the assailants.
Suicide. —A woman named Proctor, re
siding at 1826 Barkov street, between Market and
Chestnut, committed suicide at an early hour last
evening, by Swallowing a dose of poison. The
cause of the rash act is unknown.
The State of Minnesota has beon ordered by
the Secretary of War to rijise two more ragimen.lt
or W»fltry,